Associative Process:

The associative or conjunctive social processes are positive. These

social processes work for the solidarity and benefit of society. This
category of social processes include cooperation, accommodation,
assimilation and acculturation etc. Three major social processes such
as cooperation, accommodation and assimilation are discussed below.
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Acculturation: Processes and Types

(With Diagram)
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Acculturation is a process whereby an individual or group acquires the

cultural characteristics of another through direct or indirect contact
and interaction.

So, the term acculturation includes two processes:

(a) The process of contacts between different cultures.
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(b) The process which includes the outcome of such contacts. The
process of contact among different cultures may take place through
two methods:

(i) Direct method

(ii) Indirect method

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In direct method, acculturation involves direct social interaction.

In indirect method, acculturation involves exposure to other cultures

by means of the mass media of communication.

The process which includes the outcome of such contacts involves

three stages in relation to acculturation.

(i) Assimilation of one group of the culture with other.

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(ii) Modification in the existing culture.

(iii) Changes in the areas of group identity.

Sometimes it may be happened that a tension continues between new

and old cultures which leads to the adaptation of the new as well as the
old.

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Acculturation can be studied from two points of view:

(a) From individual point of view.

(b) From social point of view.

From an individual point of view this is a process of social learning
similar to that of adult socialization. Here linguistic communication
plays an important role. From a social point of view acculturation
implies the diffusion of particular values, techniques and institutions
and their modification under different conditions. It may give rise to
cultural conflict and to adaptation leading to a modification of group
identity.

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The main difference between acculturation and cultural diffusion is:

acculturation is the study of cultural transmission in process whereas
cultural diffusion is the study of achieved cultural transmission. In the
investigation of acculturation, however, the historic facts are known or
can be obtained. In most cases, acculturation research deals with
contacts in the contemporary period.

The situations in which acculturation occurs are of different

types:
(i) The kind of situation where elements of culture are forced on a
people or where acceptance is voluntary.

(ii) The second situation is where 110 social or political inequalities

exists between groups.

(iii) In the third situation, three alternatives are presented.

That are:
(а) Where there is political dominancy but not social.

(b) Where dominance is both political and social.

(c) Where social superiority of one group over another is recognized

without political dominance.

In the process of acculturation the borrowed element is always merged

with what was present before the contact. As a result, a culture of
multiple origins is emerged. So, it is believed that the dynamics of
acculturation are creative. If anybody wants to find out the result of
acculturation by tracing traits to their origin, is very difficult.
 The study of acculturation in relation to the whole of culture is very
difficult only because of the process of borrowing. Borrowing of
cultural elements in this process of acculturation is highly selective.
The principles of selectivity are very important in acculturation.
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1. Social Processes: Associative Processes and Dis-associative
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2. Assimilation: Assimilation is a Cultural, Social and Psychological
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