RISHIRAJ INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, INDORE

 MINOR PROJECT
 ON
 HEART BEAT MONITORING SYSTEM



SUBMITTED BY
 ANAND DWIVEDI
HEART BEAT MONITOR
A heart rate monitor is a
personal monitoring device
which allows one to measure
his or her heart rate in real
time or record the heart rate
for later study. It is largely
used by performers of
various types of physical
exercise.

Widely used in hospitals for

Fig. 1 Wrist band for calculating heart beat
checking the health of
patient(s)
Why Monitoring……?
More than 2 million people are at high
risk of having heart attack.
It would be helpful if there was a way
for these people to monitor their heart.
So we have a problem. That is the way
our project focuses on how we can
utilize this problem and find a
solution.
 Measurement of Heart rate

• Stethoscope ---
inaccurate

• Electrocardiogram –
costly
& not user friendly

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 Average Heart Rate

Age Average Heart Rate

Newborn 140
7 years 85 – 90
14 years 80 – 85
Adult 70 – 80

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 Microcontroller and why
Microcontroller not
• A microcontroller is a single-chip microcomputer
Microprocessor?
which contains RAM , ROM , CPU , I/O ports , ADC
and other peripherals.
• It has fixed amount of RAM , ROM , I/O ports.
• It is also called embedded microcontroller because it is
designed for embedded systems performing specific
tasks only.
• Microprocessor only has CPU , ALU, stack pointer,
program counter and other registers ,clock timing
circuit.
• Microprocessor does not have RAM, ROM and I/O
ports
• It requires large space and it’s cost is higher as
compared to microcontroller.
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 What we have done? ? ?

• We , in this project are measuring the

heart beat using the pulse oximetry
logic.
• The timer we have set for counting the
heart beat is 30s.
• There is a set point we can decide, after
30 s the heartbeat would be shown on
the LCD.
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 Software we used ? ? ?
• KEIL uVision3 IDE

• SPI flash programmer

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 Top view of our project

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 Hardware implementation
• Transformer
• Full wave rectifier
• 7805 voltage regulator
• Buzzer
• LM324
• Potentiometer
• LED + LDR used as sensor
• LCD
• Circuit diagram of project
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11
 HOW ? ? ?
• Transformer steps down 220V to 9-0-
9V.
• Full wave rectifier converts the ac into
dc.
• 7805 voltage regulator regulates the
voltage to 5V, which is the operating
voltage of our microcontroller.
• LCD is interfaced with microcontroller.
• LED - LDR sensor is used to count the
Pulses. It consists of a red LED and
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LDR .
 What is happening on-board ?
• Transformer is making the ac voltage 220 volt to
step down to 9-0-9 volt ac.
• Full wave rectifier is rectifying that voltage to get
larger average dc voltage.
• 7805 is regulating the output voltage to 5v.
• Sensor consist of red LED and LDR is generating
the output signal inversely proportional to
absorption of red light caused by blood.
• Trans-impedence amplifier is converting current
signal to voltage signal ,amplifying signal and
change in signal and also filtering the signal also.

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 LED – LDR sensor

LED LDR
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 PCB back side diagram

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 Board back side photo

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 Applications
• Have become a widely used training aid
for a variety of sports.
• Hospitals / Dispensaries
• Better and accurate method of
measuring heart beat.
• At homes
• A set point can help in determining
whether a person is healthy or not
checking his/her heart beat and
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comparing with set point.
 • In-accurate method of calculating heartbeat.

• Logic used in very simple. Therefore, results may

vary as for a sophisticated instrument for the same
purpose

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 • EEG, ECG and other health parameters can
also be monitored.
• Continuous monitoring and future diagnosis
can be performed via the same system
(TELEMEDICINE).
• More than a single patient at different places
can be monitored using single system.

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Thank you 