United States Inventions

1. Gadget.
Invention Autor Year
Lightning rod1 Benjamin Franklin 1752
Steam boat Robert Fulton 1787
Alarm clock2 Levi Hutchins 1787
Cotton gin machine3 Eli Whitney 1793
Mechanical harvester Cyrus McCormick 1831
Cash register James Ritty 1833
Sewing machine Elias Howe 1846
Toothpaste Washington Sheffield 1850
Lifter Elisha Otis 1853
Clothespins David Smith 1853
Can opener Ezra Warner 1858
Motorcycle Sylvester H. Roper 1867
Blue jeans Levi Strauss – Jacob 1873
Davis
Electric welding Elihu Thomson 1877
Light bulb Thomas Edison 1877
Microphone Emile Berliner – Thomas 1879
Edison
fan Schuyler S. Wheeler 1882
Iron4 Henry Seely 1886
Deodorant Mum (brand) 1888
Fluorescent bulb Nikola Tesla 1895
Escalator5 Jesse Reno 1897
Remote control Nikola Tesla 1898
Shaver King Gillete 1900
1
Franklin performed a kite experiment, which led to the extraction of sparks from clouds. Being aware of the
immense danger of lightning from there, he was able to invent the lightning rod.
Franklin realized the dangers of using conductive rods and instead used the conductivity of a wet hemp string
attached to a kite. This allowed him to stay on the ground while his son assisted him to fly the kite from the
shelter of a nearby shed. This enabled Franklin and his son to keep the silk string of the kite dry to insulate
them while the hemp string to the kite was allowed to get wet in the rain to provide conductivity.
2
The first American alarm clock was created by Levi Hutchins, of New Hampshire, in 1787. This device he
made only for himself however, and it only rang at 4 AM, in order to wake him for his job. The French inventor
Antoine Redier was the first to patent an adjustable mechanical alarm clock, in 1847.
3
A cotton gin machine serves to separate cotton fibers from their seeds quickly and easily, enabling much
greater productivity than manual cotton separation.
4
 His iron weighed almost 15 pounds and took a long time to warm up.
5
Jesse W. Reno built the first working escalator, introduced as an amusement park ride at New York's Coney
Island in 1896. An earlier, steam-powered escalator had been designed but never built by Nathan Ames in
1859.
 Airplane Wilbur and Oliver Wright 1902
Air conditioning6 Willis Carrier 1903
Band-aids7 Earle Dickson 1916
Polygraph John Larson8 1921
Sanitary napkins9 Kimberly Clark 1921
Blender Stephen J. Poplawski 1922
Traffic light Garrell Morgan 1923
Duct tape Dick Richard Drew 1925
Nylon Wallace Carothers 1930
Toothbrush Dr. West 1937
Supermarket cart Sylvan Goldman 1938
Microwave Percy Spencer 1945
Cable TV John Watson 1948
Disposable diapers Marion Donovan 1949
Liquid corrector10 Bette Graham 1951
Barcode Norman Woodland 1952
Copy machine Chester Floyd 1958
Microprocessor Marcian Hoff 1971
Mobile phone Martin Cooper 1973

http://importanciadeestadosunidos.blogspot.com/2011/02/los-estados-unidos-de-norte-america.html?m=1

2. Important contribution to science.

6
Willis Carrier (a 25-year-old engineer from New York) invented the first modern air-conditioning system. The
mechanical unit, which sent air through water-cooled coils, was not aimed at human comfort, however; it was
designed to control humidity in the printing plant where he worked.
7
For his wife Josephine, who frequently cut and burned herself while cooking.
8
A medical student. It was not as advanced as the modern polygraph instrument; it measured the subjects
pulse rate, blood pressure and respiratory rate and recorded the information on a rotating drum of smoke
paper.
9
Kimberly-Clark accidentally invented the category of feminine-hygiene protection; sanitary napkins were a by-
product of World War I. A cotton shortage during the war forced Kimberly-Clark to produce bandages for
soldiers from a wood fiber called "cellucotton." Nurses in France began using them as sanitary napkins. In
1920, Kimberly-Clark began selling the product, called Kotex.
10
It was originally called “mistake out” (woman). Though she found work as a typist, she unfortunately wasn't a
very good one and developed a white tempura paint to hide her mistakes.
 Invention Autor Year
Vulcanization11 Charles Goodyear 1839
Electricity Nikola Tesla 1887
Assembly line12 Ransom Olds 1901
Discovery of Space13 Edwin Hubble 1919
Nuclear bomb14 Robert Oppenheimer 1945
Integrated circuit15 Jack Kilby 1959
Internet Agencia Arpa 1960
communications Philco 1960
satellite16
Google Larry page and Sergey 1998
Brin
Facebook Mark Zuckerberg 2004
Instagram Kevin Systrom and 2010
Krieger Mike
Rewritten memories17 Elisabeth Loftus 2008
Young blood that Douglas Melton 2014
rejuvenates18
https://elpais.com/elpais/2014/12/18/ciencia/1418928065_022666.html

https://www.hotcourseslatinoamerica.com/study-in-usa/subject-info/avances-cientficos-que-marcaron-la-
historia-en-eeuu/

3. Contribution to arts and literature.

11
Vulcanization of rubber is a process of improvement of the rubber elasticity and strength by heating it in the
presence of sulfur.
12
Henry Ford installs the first moving assembly line for the mass production of an entire automobile. His
innovation reduced the time it took to build a car from more than 12 hours to two hours and 30 minutes.
13
He became famous for discovering that the Universe is expanding. He showed that inside our Galaxy there
are clouds of hydrogen that are made bright by the existence of stars inside.
14
Although the initial investigations were developed in Europe, the nuclear bombs were developed in the
United States, made for war purposes, during the Second World War.
15
An integrated circuit, or IC, is small chip that can function as an amplifier, oscillator, timer, microprocessor, or
even computer memory. An IC is a small wafer, usually made of silicon, that can hold anywhere from hundreds
to millions of transistors, resistors, and capacitors. These extremely small electronics can perform calculations
and store data using either digital or analog technology.
16
Communication satellites are a means to broadcast radio and television signals from some areas of the
Earth to others.
17
Loftus managed to convince 30% of a hundred students that when they were children, a person disguised as
a Pluto dog and completely drugged had licked their ears in a visit to Disneyland. After that, a team led by the
doctor Susumu Tonegawa, of the Technological Institute of Massachusetts (EE UU), has managed to rewrite
the memories of several mice, transforming their traumas into beautiful memories, through optogenetics. This
revolutionary technique introduces light-sensitive algae genes into groups of neurons that store memories and
is able to turn on and off brain cells by laser light.
18
The blood, or a blood component, of a young mouse can rejuvenate the muscles and brains of old mice,
according to two studies from the Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine at Harvard (USA),
led by researcher Douglas Melton. The papers, published in May, observed that a protein isolated from the
blood of young mice, GDF11, improved the olfaction and other capacities of old rodents after being injected
into their bloodstream. Stanford University (USA) now tests whether this strategy also works in humans, by
testing 18 patients with Alzheimer's who are receiving blood plasma from young donors.
 Contribution Autor Year
Representative of Thomas Eakins 1844 - 1916
American Realism19
Representative of Edward Hopper20 1882 - 1967
American Realism
symbolist painter James McNeill 1834 - 1903
Whistler21

The most successful John Singer Sargent 1856 - 1925

portraitist of his
generation (Realism)
Artist of Abstract Jackson Pollock22 1912 - 1956
Expressionism
Painter and sculptor (pop RoyLichtenstein 1923 - 1997
Artist)
Plastic artist and Andy Warhol 1928 - 1987
filmmaker23
American novelist James Fenimore 1789 - 1851
Cooper24
Writer, philosopher and Ralph Waldo Emerson25 1803 - 1882
poet
Writer, philosopher and Henry David Thoreau 1817 - 1862
poet
Poet, volunteer nurse, Walt Withman26 1819 - 1892
essayist, journalist and
humanist
Poet Emily Dickinson 1830 - 1886
19
what he really liked was the nude. The male nude, which caused some scandal at the time.
20
He proposed an extremely novel painting, close to realism, city scenes, cafes, enclosed spaces and
landscapes with meaning. Hopper's works are descriptive and very thoughtful in every detail: lighting,
characters, psychology and environment.
21
He thought that art should be a vehicle for the exaltation of beauty.
22
He was the author of 400 paintings and around 500 drawings.
23
He was a leading figure in the visual art movement known as pop art (The movement inspired by the
aesthetics of everyday life and consumer goods of the time, such as advertising, comic books and mundane
cultural objects) characterized by irony and parody. After exhibiting his work in several galleries in the late
1950s, he began to receive recognition as an influential and controversial artist. Warhol used different media to
create his works, such as hand drawing, painting, engraving, photography, serigraphy, sculpture, film and
music.  The Andy Warhol Museum in his native city of Pittsburgh, which holds an extensive permanent
collection of art and archives, is the largest museum in the United States dedicated to a single artist.
24
He wrote thirty-two adventure novels, in which he recounts the lives of the pioneers in the American West
and their confrontations with the Redskins.
25
Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau as Fathers of Transcendentalism, it was a movement in
writing that took place in the mid-nineteenth century, the basic tenets of Transcendentalism involve the
relationships between one’s self and the world at large. First, the search for truth in Transcendentalism begins
with the individual.
26
he left school at 11 years old to go to work. The novel form of the poem, in free verse and without rhyme, his
frank exaltation of sexuality, his vibrant sensitivity, democracy and its romantic affirmation, radically changed
the course of American poetry.
 Writer, novelist, poet and Herman Melville 1819 - 1891
essayist
Novelist and storyteller Nathaniel Hawthorne27 1804 - 1864
Writer and humorist Mark Twain (Samuel 1835 - 1910
Langhorne Clemens)
Writer, poet, critic and Edgar Allan Poe28 1809 - 1849
romantic journalist
writer and literary critic Henry James 1843 - 1916
Poet, playwright and Thomas Stearns Eliot 1888 - 1965
literary critic

https://www.telemundo.com/lifestyle/2017/04/28/3-cientificas-estadounidenses-que-
hicieron-un-gran-aporte-la-humanidad?image=8157100
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy_Warhol
https://www.todocuadros.com.co/pintores-famosos/hopper/
https://historia-arte.com/artistas/roy-lichtenstein
https://photos.state.gov/libraries/amgov/30145/publications-spanish/literature brief_sp.pdf
https://www.bartleby.com/essay/Ralph-Waldo-Emerson-and-Henry-David-
ThoreauP39NFSZVJ
http://www.lecturalia.com/autor/316/edgar-allan-poe

27
Known for its numerous stories of Gothic fiction and dark romanticism.
28
Known for his narrative of terror, romantic horror and his mastery of the narration of Gothic influence, being
considered one of the great masters of universal literature and father of the detective genre.