Name: ch11_Byzantine Russians Turks Interact

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1. By discovering how this material was made, Byzantine merchants were able to undermine the Chinese monopoly and strengthen their grip on East-West trade. 2. Title of the religious leader of the Western Church. Established in the former (Western) portion of the Roman Empire. 4. A prince favored by Russia's overlords and rewarded for his service against his own people. 6. The Mongols swept into Western and Southwestern Asia and dealt a death blow to this final caliphate of the Islamic civilization. 8. The weakening Byzantine state and the incursions of nomadic (Muslim) peoples into the Holy Lands, convinced the head of the Western Christian Church to call for this sacred effort. 13. Capital city of the Byzantine Empire. 14. An architectural achievement in the use of arches and domes. It's name means "Holy Wisdom". (2 words) 19. A Central Asian nomadic group that comes to conquer vast expances of the Eurasian continent in the 13th and 14th C., including the fledgling Russian state. 20. A movement within the Eastern Orthodox Church that erupted in violence on the streets of Constantinople. Supporters of the movement protested the use of religious icons by smashing them. 21. Official name of the Western Christian Church, administered from the city of Rome. (3 words)

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22. Official name of the Eastern Christian Church, administered from the city of Constantinople during the Byzantine period. (3 words).

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1. Byzantine monks helped create the Cyrillic Alphabet to aid this group in the development of a written language. 2. The title of the religious leader of the Christian Church. Established in the surviving (Eastern) portion of the Roman Empire. 3. In 527, this person became emperor of the (Eastern) Roman Empire. He had the Hagia Sophia built and his best general, Belisarius, almost reconquered the former (Western) Roman empire. 4. A prince that will confront and shakeoff Russia's conquerors in th 14th C. He is the first to adopt the title of Czar. 5. Religious symbols used in rituals and observance of the faith. It was the source of a major dispute between the Eastern and Western Christian churches. 7. This empire was the surviving (Eastern) portion of the original Roman Empire. It would last until 1454. 8. A panel of legal experts were called together. The panel combed through 400 ears of Roman law. It found a number of laws that were outdated and contradictory. The panel created a single, uniform code consisting of four works: 1. The Code contained nearly 5,000 Roman laws that were still considered useful. 2. The Digest quoted and summarized the opinions of Rome's greatest legal thinkers. 3. The Institutes was a textbook that told law students how to use the laws. 4. The Novellae (New Laws) presented legislation passed after 534. (3 words) 9. The removal of a Christian from the community of Christ's followers. In both Eastern and Western traditions, such an act will prevent that person from entering Heaven (Salvation). 10. This Central Asian group of Turkic nomads swept into Southwest Asia and conquered Baghdad in the 11th C. They converted to Islam in the process of migrating. 11. This urban center produce powerful princes that will eventually lead Russia toward liberation from its conquerors. It will help create the Russian Empire. 12. Vladimir, in the 10th C. converted to Christianity and so did this city, which he ruled. The city was always, and continued to be, a commercially driven urban center. 15. The tradition whereby an inheritance is left to the eldest son. Ignoring this tradition contributed to the decline of Kiev as a political power. 16. The historical term referring to the official split between the Western (Roman Catholic) Church and the Eastern (Orthodox) Church in the year 1054. (2 words) 17. By controlling trade passing through this narrow waterway (between the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara) Byzantium accumulated great wealth. 18. Literally means "smasher of icons".

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