Physics cup-Problem 3 Thomas Bergamaschi

Using Boundary conditions at the interface(𝑟 = 𝑅), we have(Note proof in Appendix 2):

𝐵𝑧𝑖𝑛
𝐵𝑟𝑖𝑛 = 𝐵𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 = 𝐵𝑧𝑜𝑢𝑡 (1)
𝜇

Since 𝜇 ≫ 1, 𝐵𝑧𝑖𝑛 ≫ 𝐵𝑧𝑜𝑢𝑡 , therefore the magnetic flux of 𝐵𝑧 inside the cylinder is much larger than the
flux of 𝐵𝑧 outside the cylinder.

This manner using Gauss law between the infinite planes 1-2 in the figure below:

We obtain therefore(using that 𝐵𝑧𝑖𝑛 does not depend on 𝑟, note proof in appendix 1):

𝑑𝐵𝑧𝑖𝑛
𝐵𝑧𝑖𝑛 (𝑧)𝜋𝑅 2 = 2𝜋𝑟ℎ𝐵𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 𝐵𝑧𝑖𝑛 (𝑧 + ℎ)𝜋𝑅 2 ⇔ 2𝑟𝐵𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑡 = −𝑅2 (1)
𝑑𝑧
Now, using Amperes law for the loop below we have:
 ∞
⃗ ∙ 𝑑𝑙 = 𝐼𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑑 = 0 ⇔ 𝐻𝑧𝑖𝑛 ℎ + ∫ (𝐻𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑡 (𝑧 + ℎ) − 𝐻𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑡 (𝑧))𝑑𝑟 = 0 (2)
∫𝐻
𝑅

⃗ = 𝜇𝜇0 𝐻
Simplifying (2), we obtain therefore(using that 𝐵 ⃗ ):
∞
𝑑𝐻𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝐵𝑧𝑖𝑛 ∞
𝑑𝐵𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑡
𝐻𝑧𝑖𝑛 = − ∫ 𝑑𝑟 ⇔ = −∫ 𝑑𝑟 (3)
𝑅 𝑑𝑧 𝜇 𝑅 𝑑𝑧

Now using (1) we obtain:

𝑑𝐵𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑅 2 𝑑2 𝐵𝑧𝑖𝑛
=− (4)
𝑑𝑧 2𝑟 𝑑𝑧 2
∞ 𝑑𝑟
Using (4) in (3), we have now(defining the divergent logarithmic integral as 𝜂 = ∫𝑅 ):
𝑟

𝐵𝑧𝑖𝑛 𝑅 2 𝑑2 𝐵𝑧𝑖𝑛 ∞
𝑑𝑟 𝑑2 𝐵𝑧𝑖𝑛 2
= ∫ ⇔ = 𝐵𝑖𝑛 (5)
𝜇 2 𝑑𝑧 2 𝑅 𝑟 𝑑𝑧 2 𝜇𝜂𝑅 2 𝑧

Therefore the solutions for this equation are(Valid only for 𝑧 > 0):
𝜇𝜂
𝐵𝑧𝑖𝑛 = 𝐴𝑒 −𝑧/𝜆 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝜆 = 𝑅√ (6)
2
In (6), one can see that 𝜆 ≫ 𝑅, since 𝜇, 𝜂 ≫ 1. Now, using (6) and (1), we obtain that:

𝐴𝑅 2 −𝑧/𝜆
𝐵𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝑒 (7)
2𝜆𝑟
Now, to obtain 𝐴, we again use Amperes law, for the loop below:

This time, we have(using that the loop is at 𝑧 = 0):

∞
𝜇0 𝐼𝜆
⃗ ∙ 𝑑𝑙 = 𝐼𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑑 = 𝐼 ⇔ 2 ∫ 𝐵𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑑𝑟 = 𝜇0 𝐼 ⇔ 𝐴 =
∫𝐻 (8)
𝑅 𝑅2𝜂
∞ 𝑑𝑟
Remember that 𝜂 is defined as 𝜂 = ∫𝑅 𝑟
.

This manner we obtain our expression for 𝐵𝑧𝑖𝑛 :

𝜇0 𝐼𝜆 −𝑧/𝜆
𝐵𝑧𝑖𝑛 = 𝑒 (9)
𝑅2𝜂
Therefore the magnetic flux through the loop is:
𝜇0 𝐼𝜆𝜋
𝜙 = 𝜋𝑅 2 𝐵𝑧𝑖𝑛 (𝑧 = 0) = (10)
𝜂
Since inductance is defined as 𝐿 = 𝜙/𝐼, we obtain therefore:
𝜇0 𝜆𝜋
𝐿= (11)
𝜂
∞ 𝑑𝑟
Now let us use the fact that 𝜆 ≫ 𝑅 to find a expression for 𝐿. Since 𝜂 = ∫𝑅 𝑟
, and 𝜆 ≫ 𝑅 , therefore
𝛽𝜆 𝑑𝑟 𝛽𝜆 𝜇𝜂
𝜂 = ∫𝑅 𝑟
= ln ( 𝑅 ), where 𝛽 is a constant that we can adjust, since 𝜆 = 𝑅√ 2 we obtain therefore
that:

𝜇𝜂 1 𝜇𝜂 𝜇𝜂
𝜂 = ln (𝛽√ ) = lnβ + ln ( ) ⇔ 2𝜂 = ln𝛽 2 + ln ( ) = 𝑙𝑛𝜇 + 𝑙𝑛𝜂 + 𝑙𝑛𝛽 2 − 𝑙𝑛2 (12)
2 2 2 2

Now, since 𝑙𝑛𝜇 ≫ 𝑙𝑛2 and also that 2𝜂 ≫ 𝑙𝑛𝜂 , and that by hypothesis 𝜇 is arbitrarily large(so we can
ignore 𝑙𝑛𝛽 2 ) we have that (12) simplifies to:

2𝜂 = 𝑙𝑛𝜇 (13)

𝜇0 𝜆𝜋 𝜇 𝜇
Now, with (13), the inductance is simply, 𝐿 = 𝜂
= 𝜇0 𝜋𝑅√2𝜂 = 𝜇0 𝜋𝑅√𝑙𝑛𝜇.

Therefore the asked inductance is:

𝜇
𝐿 = 𝜇0 𝜋𝑅√
𝑙𝑛𝜇

Appendix 1:Proof that 𝐵𝑧𝑖𝑛 does not depend on 𝑟.

Consider both ampere loops below:

In the first loop we have by amperes law:
∞
⃗ ∙ 𝑑𝑙 = 𝐼𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑑 = 0 ⇔ 𝐻𝑧𝑖𝑛 (𝑅)ℎ + ∫ (𝐻𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑡 (𝑧 + ℎ) − 𝐻𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑡 (𝑧))𝑑𝑟 = 0 (1)
∫𝐻
𝑅

For the second loop, we have again by amperes law:

𝑅 ∞
⃗ ∙ 𝑑𝑙 = 0 ⇔ 𝐻𝑧𝑖𝑛 (𝑟)ℎ + ∫ (𝐻𝑟𝑖𝑛 (𝑧 + ℎ) − 𝐻𝑟𝑖𝑛 (𝑧)) + ∫ (𝐻𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑡 (𝑧 + ℎ) − 𝐻𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑡 (𝑧))𝑑𝑟 = 0 (2)
∫𝐻
𝑟 𝑅

𝐻𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑡
Since at the interface 𝐻𝑟𝑖𝑛 = 𝜇
, and 𝜇 ≫ 1, the second term in the expression above is approximately
0, therefore we obtain:
∞
𝐻𝑧𝑖𝑛 (𝑟)ℎ = − ∫ (𝐻𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑡 (𝑧 + ℎ) − 𝐻𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑡 (𝑧))𝑑𝑟 (3)
𝑅

Comparing (1) with (3), we see that 𝐻𝑧𝑖𝑛 (𝑟) = 𝐻𝑧𝑖𝑛 (𝑅), therefore 𝐻𝑧𝑖𝑛 does not depend on 𝑟.

Appendix 2:

Boundary conditions demonstration:

Let ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐵1 and ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐵2 be the normal components of the magnetic field in medium 1 and 2 respectively. By Gauss
law:

⃗ ∙ 𝑑𝑆 = 0 ⇔ 𝐵2 𝑆 − 𝐵1 𝑆 = 0 ⇔ 𝐵1 = 𝐵2
∫𝐵

Now, let use Amperes law to find the relation between the tangential field components. Now consider
the below figure, in which 1 has relative permeability 𝜇 and 2 relative permeability 1, and also that ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐻1
and ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝐻2 are the tangential 𝐻 field components(recall that 𝐵 ⃗ = 𝜇𝜇0 𝐻⃗ ).

If the Interface has no free currents(which is the case in the problem), we have that:

⃗ ∙ 𝑑𝑙 = 𝐼𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑑 = 0 ⇔ 𝐻2 𝑙 − 𝐻1 𝑙 = 0 ⇔ 𝐻1 = 𝐻2
∫𝐻

⃗ , we have that 𝐵1 = 𝐵2
⃗ = 𝜇𝜇0 𝐻
Since 𝐵 𝜇