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Principle of mechanical milling:

Few particles of a powder metal are trapped between two colliding balls.

Compaction begins with a powder mass that is characterized by large spaces

between particles compared with the particle size. The first stage of
compaction starts with the rearrangement and restacking of particles.
Particles slide past one another with a minimum of deformation and fracture,
producing some fine, irregularly shaped particles. The second stage of compaction involves elastic and
plastic deformation of particles. Cold welding may occur between particles in metallic systems during
this stage. The third stage of compaction, involving particle fracture, results in further deformation
and/or fragmentation of the particles.

When stress at the crack tip equals the strength of cohesion between atoms, the crack becomes
unstable and propagates, leading to fracture

SPEX shaker mill: (pdf)

The common variety of the mill has one vial , containing the sample and the
grinding media, which is secured in the clamp and swung energetically back
and forth several thousand times a minute. The back-and-forth shaking motion
is combined with lateral movements of the ends of the vial. With each swing of
the vial, the milling media, typically hard, spherical objects called “milling
balls,” impact against each other and the end of the vial, both milling and
mixing at the same time. Because of the amplitude (about 5 cm) and speed
(about 1200 rpm) of the clamp motion, the ball velocities are high (on the order
of 5 m/s), and consequently the force of the ball’s impact is usually great. The
most recent design of this mill has provision for simultaneously milling the powders in two vials to
increase the throughput.

Planetary ball mills: (pdf )

https://www.azonano.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=3316

Tech Application Advantages Disadvantage Samples

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Disadvantage of spex: https://books.google.com.lb/books?

id=HBYqEgsordMC&pg=PA37&lpg=PA37&dq=spex+shaker+mill+advantages+and+disadvantages&source
=bl&ots=xW1sWriXWi&sig=ACfU3U2gpybDi6xgkBY63Qz5H2BYzTFwag&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiEhIe
t9PTmAhUvUxUIHZIJCD4Q6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false