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Chemistry Matters for GCE ‘O’ Level (2 Edition): Textbook Answers Chapter 10

Chapter 10 Chemical Calculations

Test Yourself 10.1 (page 165)

1. CuCl2.2H2O → CuCl2 + 2H2O

Number of moles of CuCl2

= number of moles of CuCl2.2H2O
mass of CuCl 2 .2H2O
=
molar mass of CuCl 2 .2H2O
3.42
=
64 + (2 ! 35.5) + (2 ! 18)
= 0.02 mol

Mass of CuCl2
= number of moles of CuCl2 × molar mass of CuCl2
= 0.02 × (64 + 2 × 35.5)
= 2.7 g

2. 2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(l)

Number of moles of hydrogen

mass of hydrogen
=
molar mass of hydrogen
100
=
2
= 50 mol

Number of moles of water = number of moles of hydrogen gas

= 50 mol

3. Zn(s) + S(s) → ZnS(s)

Number of moles of ZnS

mass of ZnS
=
molar mass of ZnS
12.125
=
(65 + 32)
= 0.125 mol

Number of moles of sulfur = number of moles of ZnS

= 0.125 mol

Mass of sulfur
= number of moles of S × molar mass of S
= 0.125 × 32
=4g

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Chemistry Matters for GCE ‘O’ Level (2 Edition): Textbook Answers Chapter 10

Test Yourself 10.2 (page 167)

1. 2C2H6 (g) + 7O2(g) → 4CO2(g) + 6H2O(g)

Volume of carbon dioxide formed

= 2 × volume of ethane
3
= 2 × 20 cm
3
= 40 cm

Volume of water vapour formed

= 3 × volume of ethane
3
= 3 × 20 cm
3
= 60 cm

2. The volume ratio is the same as the mole ratio of the gases.

Mole ratio of N2O4 : NO : oxide of nitrogen

= 10 : 20 : 20
=1:2:2

Hence,
N2O4(g) + 2NO(g) → 2N2O3(g)
The formula of the oxide of nitrogen formed is N2O3.

3. Mole ratio of CnH2n : CO2

= 30: 120
= 1: 4

Since all the carbon in CnH2n is converted to carbon dioxide, n = 4.

Formula of the hydrocarbon is C4H8.

Test Yourself 10.3 (page 171)

1. (a) S(s) + O2(g) → SO2(g)

Number of moles of S
mass of S
=
molar mass of S
4.0
=
32
= 0.125 mol

Number of moles of O2
volume of O2 in dm3
=
24 dm3
48
=
24
= 2 mol

Since the mole ratio of S to O2 from the equation is 1:1, sulfur is the limiting reactant.

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Chemistry Matters for GCE ‘O’ Level (2 Edition): Textbook Answers Chapter 10

(b) Number of moles of sulfur dioxide

= number of moles of sulfur
= 0.125 mol

Volume of sulfur dioxide

3
= number of moles of sulfur dioxide × 24 dm
= 0.125 × 24
3
= 3 dm

2. C(s) + O2(g) → CO2(g)

Number of moles of C
6.0
=
12
= 0.5 mol

Number of moles of O2
19.2
=
24
= 0.8 mol

Since the mole ratio of C to O2 from the equation is 1:1, carbon is the limiting reactant.

Number of moles of CO2 produced = 0.5 mol

Mass of CO2 produced

= 0.5 × [12 + (16 × 2)]
= 22 g

3. P4(s) + 6Cl2(g) → 4PCl3(l)

Number of moles of P4
mass of P4
=
molar mass of P4
124
=
4 ! 31
= 1 mol

Number of moles of Cl2

mass of Cl 2
=
molar mass of Cl 2
213
=
2 ! 35.5
= 3 mol

When 1 mol of P4 reacts, 6 mol of Cl2 is required. Since only 3 mol of Cl2 are used, Cl2 is the limiting
reactant.

Number of moles of PCl3

2
= × number of moles of Cl2
3
= 2 mol

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Chemistry Matters for GCE ‘O’ Level (2 Edition): Textbook Answers Chapter 10

Mass of PCl3 formed

= number of moles of PCl3 × molar mass of PCl3
= 2 × (31 + 3 × 35.5)
= 275 g

Test Yourself 10.4 (page 175)

2KOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) → K2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)

Number of moles of potassium hydroxide

3
= volume of KOH (in dm ) × concentration of KOH
25.0
= ! 0.4
1000
= 0.01 mol

Number of moles of H2SO4

1
= × number of moles of KOH
2
= 0.005 mol

Volume of H2SO4
number of moles of H2SO4
=
molar mass of H2SO4
0.005
=
0.1
3
= 0.05 dm

Test Yourself 10.5 (pg 178)

1. Volume ratio of ammonia to hydrogen = 2 : 3

Theoretical volume of ammonia formed
2
= × 12
3
3
= 8 dm

Percentage yield of ammonia

actual volume of ammonia
= × 100%
theoretical volume of ammonia
2
= × 100%
8
= 25%

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Chemistry Matters for GCE ‘O’ Level (2 Edition): Textbook Answers Chapter 10

2. CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

Number of moles of carbon dioxide

volume of carbon dioxide (cm3 )
=
24 000 cm3
100
=
24 000
= 0.00417 mol

Mole ratio of CaCO3 to CO2 = 1 : 1

Number of moles of CaCO3 = 0.00417 mol

Mass of CaCO3
= number of moles of CaCO3 × molar mass of CaCO3
= 0.00417 × (40 + 12 + 3 × 16)
= 0.417 g

Percentage purity of CaCO3

actual amount of CaCO3
= × 100%
mass of chalk
0.417
= × 100%
0.5
= 83.4%

Get it Right (page 180)

(a) False. The mole ratio of reactants and products is not the same as their mass ratio.
(b) True
(c) True
(d) False. In a titration experiment, the solution of known concentration (titrant) is always placed in the
burette.
(e) True
(f) False. The percentage yield does not change when we increase the amount of reactant in excess.
(g) True

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