Objective:

To study cut model 2-Stroke diesel Engine.

Apparatus:
2-Stroke diesel Engine

Theory:
A two stroke engine is an internal combustion engine that complete the process
in one revolution of crankshaft. Thus one power stroke obtained in each revolution of the
crank shaft.

Principle:
It works on same principle of four stroke engine. When the fuel burns inside
the cylinder, it creates a large pressure force which is further used to movement of piston
hence movement of crankshaft. It completes two piston strokes during one power stroke. It
completes all process like suction, compression, power and exhaust.
Parts of 2 stroke diesel engine:

Piston:
 It moves from BDC to TDC. One stroke of piston is define as movement of piston
form one  extreme  (TDC or BDC) to other extreme (BDC to TDC).

Cylinder:
 It is same as used in four stroke engine except it does not have valve mechanism. It
has two ports on side wall of cylinder.

Connecting rod:
It is Connected with the piston and piston point to the crankshaft.
Fuel Injector:
Fuel injection is the introduction of fuel in an internal combustion engine, most
commonly automotive engines, by the means of an injector.
All diesel engines use fuel injection by design. Petrol engines can use gasoline direct injection,
where the fuel is directly delivered into the combustion chamber, or indirect injection where the
fuel is mixed with air before the intake stroke

Crank Shaft:
It is located in the bottom end of cylinder block. It transmits the
reciprocating motion of piston into rotary motion. This rotary motion used to rotate wheels
of the vehicle.

Pre-compression Chamber:
This is the part where crankshaft situated.in case of two
strokes the inlet port is also connected with crankcase and it behave like a pre-
compression chamber. First charges enter into
crankcase and sends to cylinder through
transfer port.
 Intake port Transfer port

Crankcase\ pre- compression

chamber

Transfer Port: 
Thes engines contain one extra port which is known as transfer port. It is
connected from crankcase to combustion chamber. Its main function is to supply the charge
from crankcase to combustion chamber when piston is moving from TDC to BDC.

Inlet and Exhaust Manifold:

  These are connected to inlet and exhaust port and regulate the flow of charge and exhaust
gases.

Flywheel:
  It need smaller flywheel compare to four stroke engine because less power
fluctuation.
Crankcase:
 This is the part where crankshaft situated. The inlet port is also connected
with crankcase. First charge enters into crankcase and send to combustion chamber through
transfer port.

Working:

Two stroke engines have two types. First one is known as Spark ignition engine or better
known as petrol engine, which works on Otto Cycle and other one is compression ignition
engine or diesel engine, which works on diesel cycle. Both these engines works on same
principle with some fundamental differences. Its working can be summarized as follow.
Suction Stroke and Compression Stroke:

Suction means charge drawn into engine

cylinder or in case of two stroke engine in crankcase and compression means compressed the
previous drawn charge into engine cylinder. In two strokes engines, both these process take
place simultaneously. When the piston moves from BDC to TDC, the inlet port opens and
partially vacuum created into crankcase which accelerates charge drawn into crankcase.
Simultaneously the piston compressed the charge available in engine cylinder or combustion
chamber. The exhaust port remain closed during this stroke.

Power and Exhaust Stroke:

In this stroke, piston moves from TDC to BDC. Inlet port

remains open for first half of this stroke and closed in other half. Simultaneously,
exhaust port remains closed during first half of this stroke and open into second half.
Transfer port opens into second half of this stroke. There is a deflector in engine
cylinder which regulate the fresh charge does not exhausted with exhaust gases.

During this piston stroke, in SI engines, through compression . This compression

ignited the charges which create a high pressure force. This force moves piston form
TDC to BDC. When the piston reaches in middle, the exhaust port and transfer port
opens simultaneously. This exhausted burnt gases out from engine cylinder and
transfer port supplied fresh fuel-air mixture into engine cylinder from crankcase for
further cycle.
Application:

 These engines are used in small vehicles like mopeds, schooters etc.
 Small gasoline engines are used for lawn movers.
 It is also used for small electric generator set, pumping set, outboard motor boats.
 Two stroke diesel engines are used for ship propulsion.

Advantages and Disadvantages:

Advantages:

 Lower cost.
 High power compare to four stroke engines.
 Easy maintainance due to absence of valve mechanism and lubrication system.
 Compact compare to four stroke engines.
 Produce uniform torque on crankshaft.
 More power to weight ratio.
 It is easy to start and simple in mechanism.

Disadvantages:

 Greeter cooling and lubrication oil required.

 These engines are less effitient compare to four stroke engines.
 Lower volumetric effitiency due to lesser time for mixing intake.
 More wear and tear because poor lubrication system.
 It produces high vibration and noisy operation.
 These engine burn lubrication oil with charge so produce more polution.