Homework 3

1. Let
𝑎𝑎 0 𝑏𝑏 2
�𝑎𝑎 𝑎𝑎 4 4�
0 𝑎𝑎 2 𝑏𝑏
be the augmented matrix for a linear system. Find for what values of 𝑎𝑎 and 𝑏𝑏 the system has
a) A unique solution
b) A one-parameter solution
c) A two-parameter solution
d) No solution

2. Find values of 𝑎𝑎, 𝑏𝑏, 𝑐𝑐 such that the graph of the polynomial 𝑝𝑝(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 + 𝑐𝑐 passes
through the points (1, 2), (-1, 6), (2, 3)
(Note: solve the linear system by Gauss-Jordan elimination, otherwise no points)

3. Suppose that 𝐴𝐴, 𝐵𝐵, 𝐶𝐶, 𝐷𝐷, 𝐸𝐸 are matrices with the following sizes:
𝐴𝐴 𝐵𝐵 𝐶𝐶 𝐷𝐷 𝐸𝐸
4×1 4×5 5×3 3×5 1×4
In each part, determine whether the given matrix expression is defined. For those that are
defined, give the size of the resulting matrix.

(a) 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 (b) 𝐴𝐴𝑇𝑇 𝐵𝐵 (c) 𝐵𝐵𝑇𝑇 (𝐸𝐸 𝑇𝑇 + 𝐴𝐴) (d) 3𝐵𝐵 + 𝐷𝐷

4. In the following questions, find all values of 𝑘𝑘, if any, that satisfy the equation.
1 1 0 𝑘𝑘
(a) [𝑘𝑘 1 1 ] �1 0 2 � � 1� = 0
0 2 −3 1

1 2 0 3
(b) [3 3 ] �
𝑘𝑘 1 1 2� � 3� = 0
4 0 1 𝑘𝑘
5. In the following questions, solve the matrix equation for 𝑎𝑎, 𝑏𝑏, 𝑐𝑐, 𝑑𝑑
3 𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏 𝑐𝑐 − 2𝑑𝑑
(a) � �=� �
1 𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 𝑐𝑐 + 2𝑑𝑑 0
𝑎𝑎 − 𝑏𝑏 𝑏𝑏 + 𝑎𝑎 9 3
(b) � �=� �
4𝑑𝑑 + 𝑐𝑐 2𝑑𝑑 − 2𝑐𝑐 7 6

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6. Let
2 −1 3 8 −3 −5 0 −2 3
𝐴𝐴 = � 0 4 5� , 𝐵𝐵 = �0 1 2 �, 𝐶𝐶 = �1 7 4� , 𝑎𝑎 = 4, 𝑏𝑏 = −7
−2 1 4 4 −7 6 3 5 9
Show that

(a) 𝐴𝐴 + (𝐵𝐵 + 𝐶𝐶 ) = (𝐴𝐴 + 𝐵𝐵) + 𝐶𝐶 (b) 𝑎𝑎(𝐵𝐵 − 𝐶𝐶 ) = 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 − 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎

7. In the following problems, use the given information to find 𝐴𝐴.

2 −1 4 2
(a) 𝐴𝐴−1 = � � (b) (5𝐴𝐴)−1 = � �
3 4 1 3

8. Let 𝐴𝐴 be the matrix

1 −1
� �
−2 3
In each part, compute the given quantity.
(a) 𝐴𝐴3 (b) 𝐴𝐴−3 (c) 𝐴𝐴2 − 2𝐴𝐴 + 𝐼𝐼
(d) 𝑝𝑝(𝐴𝐴), 𝑤𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑝𝑝(𝑥𝑥 ) = 𝑥𝑥 − 2
(e) 𝑝𝑝(𝐴𝐴), 𝑤𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑝𝑝(𝑥𝑥 ) = 2𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑥 + 1
(f) 𝑝𝑝(𝐴𝐴), 𝑤𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑝𝑝(𝑥𝑥 ) = 𝑥𝑥 3 − 2𝑥𝑥 + 4

9. Decide whether each matrix below is an elementary matrix.

2 1 1 −2
(a) � � (b) � �
1 0 0 1
−2 0 0 0
1 0 0
0 1 0 0
(c) �1 0 0� (d) � �
0 0 1 0
0 1 0
−2 0 0 1
4 0
10. If 𝐴𝐴 is � � matrix, then the following statements are equivalent, that is, all true or all false.
1 5
(Hint: (a) ⇒ (b) ⇒ (c) ⇒ (d) ⇒ (a), or see textbook p.45)
(a) 𝐴𝐴 is invertible.
(b) 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 0 has only the trivial solution.
(c) The reduced row echelon form of 𝐴𝐴 is 𝐼𝐼𝑛𝑛 .
(d) 𝐴𝐴 is expressible as a product of elementary matrices.

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