PAPERS

SIMPLE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Arranged by:
 Muhammad Antasari Ramadhan NIM:0702193193
 Fahreza Dwi Putra Taufiq NIM:0702192051
 Fandy Ali Achmad NIM:0702192044
 Rheana Aini Sachira NIM:0702193208
 Anggikawardani NIM:0702192047
 Roni Yuswandi NIM:0702192043

Information System 19
Faculty Sains and Technology
Institute Islamic of North Sumatera

Lecturer : Rizky Vita Losi, S.Pd, S.Pd.I, M.Hum

Study : English Language

UINSU
2019
 Preface

First of all, thanks to Allah SWT because of His bless and grace, the entitled
“Simple Present Perfect Tense” can be finished on time.

This paper is a requirement to fulfill the assignment from Mrs. Rizky Vita Losi as
lecturer in information system major.The writer also thanks to him for all the guidance to
complete it.

In completing this paper, the writer faced many problems, but with the help of
many people, all the problems could be passed. May Allah SWT give the blessing for
them.

because of that, the writer says thank you to all individuals who helps in the
process of writing this paper. hopefully allah replies all helps and bless you all.the writer
realized tha this paper still imperfect in arrangment and the content. then the writer hope
the criticism from the readers can help the writer in perfecting the next paper.last but not
the least Hopefully, this paper can helps the readers to gain more knowledge about
Information system majors.

Medan, Desember 17th, 2019

Author

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 Table Of Contents
Title.................................................................................................................i

Preface............................................................................................................i

Table of Contents...........................................................................................iii

CHAPTER 1 Introduction

A.Problem Background...................................................................................1

B.Formulation of the Problem.........................................................................1

C.Purpose........................................................................................................1

CHAPTER 2 Contents

A.Definition of the Present Perfect Tense.......................................................2

B.Simple Present Perfect Tense Forms...........................................................3

C.Forming the Present Perfect Tense..............................................................4

CHAPTER 3 Conclude

A.Conclusion...................................................................................................8

B.Suggestion....................................................................................................8

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 CHAPTER 1
Introduction
A.Problem Background

English is the international language. By mastering English well, then we

will be able to communicate with other nations in this world. In addition, we will
also be able to add insight and our knowledge. But speaking English is not as easy
as turning the palm of the hand because there are many structures in the English
learning system such as grammar, tenses, etc. Not many people who learn English
understand and know correctly what are tenses, kinds etc.

In this paper we will discuss several tenses namely "Present Perfect Tense " to
deepen our knowledge of tenses and their explanations.

B.Formulation of the Problem

The Formulation of the problems we found in making this paper are:

1. What is meant by Present Perfect Tense?

2. When are Present Perfect Tense Used?

3. How do the Formulas/rules make the present perfect tense sentences

C.Purpose
1. To know the Present Perfect Tense and Past Tense.

2. To find out when the Present Perfect Tense and Past Tense are used.

3. To find out how the formula / rules make the Present Perfect Tense and Past Tense
sentences

CHAPTER 2
Contents
A. DEFINITION OF THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

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 The present perfect tense refers to an action or state that either occurred at an
indefinite time in the past (e.g., we have talked before) or began in the past and continued
to the present time (e.g., he has grown impatient over the last hour). This tense is formed
by have/has + the past participle.

The construction of this verb tense  is straightforward. The first element is have or has,
depending on the subject the verb is conjugated with. The second element is the
past participle of the verb, which is usually formed by adding -ed or -d to the verb’s root
(e.g., walked, cleaned, typed, perambulated, jumped, laughed, sautéed) although English
does have quite a few verbs that have irregular past participles (e.g., done, said, gone,
known, won, thought, felt, eaten).

The present perfect is used to indicate a link between the present and the past. The time
of the action is before now but not specified, and we are often more interested in
the result than in the action itself.

THE PRESENT PERFECT IS USED TO DESCRIBE

 An action or situation that started in the past and continues in the present.  I  have
lived  in Bristol since 1984  (= and I still do.)

 An action performed during a period that has not yet finished.  She  has been  to the
cinema twice this week  (= and the week isn't over yet.)

 A repeated action in an unspecified period between the past and now.  We  have
visited  Portugal several times.

 An action that was completed in the very recent past, expressed by 'just'.  I  have
just finished  my work.

 An action when the time is not important. He  has read  'War and Peace'.  (= the
result of his reading is important)

The Present Perfect tense is a rather important tense in English, but it gives speakers
of some languages a difficult time. That is because it uses concepts or ideas that do not
exist in those languages. In fact, the structure of the Present Perfect is very simple. The
problems come with the use of the tense. 

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B.Simple Present Perfect Tense Forms

Subject + has/have + past participle of verb

Have/has + past participle makes the present perfect.

Example:

 She has lost her bag.

 They have taken a taxi

 I have been to Australia

The present perfect tense is used to describe something that happened in the past, but the exact
time it happened is not important. It has a relationship with the present.

I have done my homework = I finished my homework in the past. It is not important at what
exact time, only that it is now done.

I have forgotten my bag. = Exactly when in the past that I forgot it is not important. The
important thing is that I don't have it now.

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As we do not use exact time expressions with the past perfect, we cannot say:

I have done my homework yesterday

In this case we use the past simple tense:

I did my homework yesterday.

ACTIONS STARTED IN THE PAST AND CONTINUING IN THE PRESENT

 They haven't lived here for years.

 She has worked in the bank for five years.

 We have had the same car for ten years.

 Have you played the piano since you were a child?

WHEN THE TIME PERIOD REFERRED TO HAS NOT FINISHED

 I have worked hard this week.

 It has rained a lot this year.

 We haven't seen her today.

ACTIONS REPEATED IN AN UNSPECIFIED PERIOD BETWEEN THE PAST AND NOW.

 They have seen that film six times

 It has happened several times already.

 She has visited them frequently.

 We have eaten at that restaurant many times.

ACTIONS COMPLETED IN THE VERY RECENT PAST (+JUST)

 Have you just finished work?

 I have just eaten.

 We have just seen her.

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  Has he just left?

WHEN THE PRECISE TIME OF THE ACTION IS NOT IMPORTANT OR NOT KNOWN

 Someone has eaten my soup!

 Have you seen  'Gone with the Wind'?

 She's studied  Japanese, Russian, and English.

C. Forming The Present Perfect Tense

The Present Perfect Tense is formed by putting “to have  ( have or has )” before the past
participle of the verb.

POSITIVE FORM (+) :  Subject ( I, YOU, WE, YOU, THEY ) + HAVE + V3 ( third form of

main verb – past participle )

Subject ( HE, SHE, IT ) + HAS + V3 ( third form of main verb – past participle )

NEGATIVE FORM (-) : Subject ( I, YOU, WE, YOU, THEY ) + HAVE  + NOT + V3 ( third
form of main verb – past participle )

Subject ( HE, SHE, IT ) + HAS + NOT + V3 ( third form of main verb – past participle )

QUESTION FORM (?) : HAVE  + Subject ( I, YOU, WE, YOU, THEY ) + V3 ( third form of
main verb – past participle )

HAS + Subject ( HE, SHE, IT ) + V3 ( third form of main verb – past participle )

POSITIVE(+) NEGATIVE(-) POSITIVE QUESTION (?)

I have seen I have not (haven’t) seen Have I seen

You have seen You have not (haven’t) seen Have you seen
He has seen He has not (hasn’t) seen Has he seen
She has seen She has not (hasn’t) seen Has she seen
It has seen It has not (hasn’t) seen Has it seen
We have seen We have not (haven’t) seen Have we seen
You have seen You have not (haven’t) seen Have you seen
They have seen They have not (haven’t) seen Have they seen

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CONTRACTIONS:

For “HAVE OR HAS”;

have –> ‘ve    Ex: I‘ve seen. 

has –> ‘s    Ex: She‘s seen. 

For “HAVE NOT OR HAS NOT”;

have not –> haven’t   Ex: I haven’t seen.

has not –> hasn’t   Ex: I hasn’t seen.

Common Tense Markers:

Already / Yet / Ever / Never / Just / Since / For / Before / In my life / So far / Up until now / first
time, two, three,severeal times, etc.

Examples:

 I have already prepared breakfast.

 My sister has cleaned the room.

 Has the post come yet?

 It has rained a lot lately.

 I haven’t seen Susan since Sunday.

 She has watched this movie several times.

 He has saved $20.000.000 up until now.

 They have gone fishing until later this evening.

 I have solved 20 questions so far.

 Hasn’t my mother cooked the dinner yet?

 We haven’t received any mail since we were retired.

 I have already made the coffee.

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  Have you ever been to England?

 You have already eaten four plums.

 We haven’t met before.

 I have lived in Texas for 10 years.

 Tom has just come to the office.

 The students have read that poem twice.

 I have never lied in my life.

 We haven’t gone to watch the new movie.

 It hasn’t stopped.

 I have never been to Germany.

 Have you done the essay yet?

 Call me when you’ve finished writing the report.

The present perfect of any verb is composed of two elements : the appropriate form of the
auxiliary verb to have (present tense), plus the past participle of the main verb. The past
participle of a regular verb is base+ed, e.g. played, arrived, looked. For irregular verbs, see
the Table of irregular verbs in the section called 'Verbs'.

Affirmative

Subject to have past participle

She has visited.

Negative

Subject to have + not past participle

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 She has not (hasn't) visited.

Interrogative

to have subject past participle

Has she visited?

Negative interrogative

to have  + not Subject past participle

Hasn't She visited?

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Exercise

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 CHAPTER III
Conclude
A.Conclusion
Present Perfect Tense is used to express an event that started in the past and the impact of
the event is now continuing (or a long-running event that started in the past and is still going on).
This tense is used to express actions completed recent past. In this tense, it is important whether
the event occured or not. ( or the result of the event is important, not the time of the event). The
present perfect is used to indicate a link between the present and the past. The time of the action
is before now but not specified, and we are often more interested in the result than in the action
itself.

B.Suggestion
From the assessment that has been done it is hoped we want to understand more about
tenses in English in this case "Present Perfect Tense". because in English there are rules in the
learning process, especially the pronunciation. Readers and writers also want to involve
themselves in the application of English in everyday life because English is an international
language.

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