Course period

This course continues for 4 years. And all the lessons are categorized in 8 semesters based on course
units. The total number of the units is 140 including job training. The length of each semester is 17
weeks. 17 hours is allocated to each lesson unit and 34 hours for lab unit. Also the time limit for each
unit is at least 1 hour. After studying all of the general, basic, major and optional lessons, the students
are expected to give the course project and to pass two job training programs based on their
educational trend in reservoir engineering research centers and oil refining or drilling sites or oil/gas
operation centers.

Lesson units

The lesson units of petroleum engineering are as follows:

Number of units
Lessons oil drill and Oil resources
Reservoir
extraction operation
General Common 20 20 20
Basic Common 33 33 33
Major Common 39 39 39
Major Discrete 9 8 6
special Common 12 12 12
special Discrete 16 18 19
Optional 6 5 6
job training and
Common 5 5 5
project
Total 140 140 140
 Tables of petroleum engineering

Table: one

Lessons: general common

Field of study: petroleum engineering

Educational trend: 1.Oil reservoirs engineering 2.Oil resources operation engineering 3. Oil drill and
extraction engineering

Hours Prerequisite
Number of
Number Lesson or
units theoretical practical sum
concurrent
Islamic
1 2 34 - 34 -
wisdoms 1
Islamic Islamic
2 2 34 - 34
wisdoms 2 wisdoms 1
Islamic
3 2 34 - 34 -
ethics
Islamic
4 2 34 - 34 -
revolution
Islamic
5 2 34 - 34 -
history
6 Islamic texts 2 34 - 34 -
Persian
7 3 51 - 51 -
language
English
8 3 51 - 51 -
language
Physical
9 1 - 34 34 -
training 1
Physical Physical
10 1 - 34 34
training 2 training 1
TOTAL 20 289 102 391
Table: two

Lessons: basic

Field of study: petroleum engineering

Educational trend: 1. Oil reservoirs engineering 2.Oil resources operation engineering 3. Oil drill and
extraction engineering

Hours Prerequisite
Number of
Number Lesson or
units theoretical practical sum
concurrent
General
1 mathematics 3 51 - 51 -
1
General General
2 mathematics 3 51 - 51 mathematics
2 1
General
Differential
3 3 51 - 51 mathematics
equations
2
Engineering Differential
4 3 51 - 51
mathematics equations
General
Physics 1 &
5 4 51 34 85 mathematics
lab
1
Physics 2 & Physics 1 &
6 4 51 34 85
lab lab
General
7 chemistry & 4 51 34 85 -
lab
Inorganic General
8 chemistry & 4 51 34 85 chemistry &
lab lab
General
Computer
9 3 51 - 51 mathematics
coding
2
General
10 2 34 - 34 -
geology
TOTAL 33 493 136 629
Table: three

Lessons: major common

Field of study: petroleum engineering

Educational trend: 1. Oil reservoirs engineering 2.Oil resources operation engineering 3. Oil drill and
extraction engineering

Number of Hours Prerequisite or

Number Lesson
units theoretical practical sum concurrent
energy&
1 material 4 68 - 68 -
equilibrium
Static &
General
2 resistance 3 51 - 51
mathematics 1
studding
energy&
Thermodynamics
3 3 51 - 51 material
1
equilibrium
Fluid mechanics Differential
4 4 51 34 85
& lab equations
Heat transfer & Fluid mechanics
5 4 51 34 85
lab & lab
Process control Fluid mechanics
6 4 51 34 85
& lab & lab
Petroleum Structural
7 3 51 - 51
geology geology
basis of
Petroleum
8 procedures of oil 3 51 - 51
geology
industries
Properties of
From 3rd
9 reservoir rocks & 4 51 34 85
semester
lab
Properties of
Thermodynamics
10 reservoir fluids & 3 34 34 68
1
lab
General
11 1 - 51 51 -
workshop 1
Applications of
Mathematics in Heat transfer &
12 3 51 - 51
Chemical lab
Engineering
TOTAL 39 561 204 782
Table: three - three

Lessons: major discrete

Field of study: petroleum engineering

Educational trend: Oil reservoirs engineering

Number of hours Prerequisite or

Number Lesson
units theoretical practical sum concurrent
Two-phase fluid Fluid mechanics
1 3 51 - 51
mechanics & lab
Heat transfer &
2 Mass transfer 3 51 - 51
lab
Thermodynamics Thermodynamics
3 3 51 - 51
2 1
TOTAL 9 153 - 153
Table: Four

Lessons: special discrete

Field of study: petroleum engineering

Educational trend: Oil reservoirs engineering - Oil drill and extraction engineering - Oil resources
operation engineering

hours Prerequisite
Number of
Number Lesson or
units theoretical practical sum
concurrent
reservoirs
basis of well
1 3 51 - 51 engineering
testing
1
reservoirs
engineering
1
2 Well logging 3 51 - 51
Structural
geology
Properties
of reservoir
reservoirs rocks
3 engineering 3 51 - 51
(1) Properties
of tank
fluids & lab
Structural General
4 3 51 - 51
geology geology
TOTAL 12 204 - 204
Table: Four - one

Lessons: special discrete

Field of study: petroleum engineering

Educational trend: reservoirs

Number of Hours Prerequisite or

Number Lesson
units theoretical practical Sum concurrent
reservoirs
reservoirs
1 engineering 3 51 - 51
engineering 1
(2)
reservoirs
reservoirs
engineering 2
engineering
2 3 51 - 51
(3) –
Thermodynamics
Gas
2
reservoirs
Reservoir
3 2 34 - 34 engineering 1 &
Studies
2
Properties of
reservoir rocks &
4 operations 1 3 51 - 51 lab
Properties of
tank fluids & lab
The methods
of increasing Petroleum
5 3 51 - 51
& harvesting geology
reservoirs
Reservoir
Petroleum
6 management 2 34 - 34
geology
& protection
TOTAL 16 272 - 272
Table: Four - three

Lessons: special discrete

Field of study: petroleum engineering

Educational trend: 1.Oil resources operation engineering 2.Oil reservoirs engineering 3. Oil
drill and extraction engineering

Number of Hours Prerequisite or

Number Lesson
units theoretical practical Sum concurrent
reservoirs reservoirs
1 3 51 - 51
engineering 2 engineering 1
Drill Fluid
2 engineering 1 4 51 34 85 mechanics &
& lab lab
Reservoir
engineering 1
3 operations 1 3 51 - 51
Drill
engineering 1
& lab
4 operations 2 3 51 - 51 operations 1
The methods
of increasing & Petroleum
5 3 51 - 51
harvesting geology
reservoirs
Estimating
storage in reservoirs
6 2 34 - 34
exploratory engineering 2
well
basis of
7 Oil laboratory 1 - 34 34 procedures of
oil industries
TOTAL 19 289 68 357
Table: five

Lessons: optional common

Field of study: petroleum engineering

Educational trend: Oil resources operation

hours Prerequisite
Number of
Number Lesson or
units theoretical practical sum
concurrent
Industrial From 5th
1 2 34 - 34
management semester
engineering
Differential
2 statistics & 3 51 - 51
equation
probabilities
Industrial
3 2 17 51 68
drawing
Specific General
4 English 2 34 - 34 English
language language
TOTAL 9 136 51 187
Table: five - one

Lessons: optional common

Field of study: petroleum engineering

Educational trend: reservoirs

hours Prerequisite
Number of
Number Lesson or
units theoretical practical sum
concurrent
Safety in
From 5th
1 petroleum 2 34 - 34
semester
industry
Special
cases in From 7th
2 2 34 - 34
petroleum semester
engineering
Estimating
reservoirs
storage in
3 2 34 - 34 engineering
exploratory
2
well
Kinetics &
From 7th
4 designing 4 68 - 68
semester
reactor
Metal
corrosion in From 5th
5 2 34 - 34
petroleum semester
industries
Physical Inorganic
6 chemistry & 3 34 34 68 chemistry &
lab lab
Principles of
Structural
7 exploratory 3 51 - 51
geology
geophysics
TOTAL 18 289 34 323

Note: Students are allowed to choose some or all of above mentioned units as alternatives to special
lessons of other trends only and only by the affirmation of respective educational group. They are
obliged to pass 6 units of above mentioned regarding respective educational group.
Table: six

Lessons: job training common

Field of study: petroleum engineering

Educational trend: Oil reservoirs engineering - Oil drill and extraction engineering - Oil resources
operation engineering

hours Prerequisite
Number of
Number Lesson or
units theoretical practical sum
concurrent
job training After 5th&
1 1 - 160 160
1 6th semester
job training After 6th&
2 1 - 160 160
2 7th semester
Course 7th& 8th
3 3 - - -
project semesters
Note: each job training constitutes at least 45 work days (i.e. 160 hours). totally 320 hours for each 2
units must be covered necessarily in summer
Lesson title: general mathematics 1

Units: 3 (theoretical)

Prerequisite: no

Hours: 51

Lesson topics:

Cartesian coordinates, polar coordinates, mixed numbers, plus & multiply& stem & geometric
presentation of mixed numbers, polar presentation mixed numbers, function, algebra of functions, limit
& respective premises, extreme limit & limit in extreme, left & right limit, continuity, derivative, orders
of derivation, reverse function & its derivative, derivation of trigonometric functions& their reverse
functions, Rolle's Theorem, The average Theorem, Taylor expansion, geometric & physical use of
derivative, diagrams &acceleration in polar coordinates, use of derivative in approximating stems of
equation, definition of integral continuous function& continuous segment, fundamental Theorem in
differential calculus and integral, analysis, the approximate methods of estimating integral, use of
integral in calculating area & volume &diagram length & torque & center of gravity & work & … (in
Cartesian & polar coordinate), logarithm &function of representation & their derivatives, hyperbola
functions, the methods of integration such as change of variable, serial & analysis fraction, some change
in substitution of variable substitution, numeral tail & series & respective Theorem, power series and
the rest of Taylor Theorem.
Lesson title: general mathematics 2

Units: 3 (theoretical)

Prerequisite: general mathematics 1

Hours: 51

Lesson topics:

Parameter equation, spatial coordinates, vector in space, numeral multiply, matrices 3*3 equation in 3
unknowns, operation on the lines, reverse of matrix, to resolve equation, linear independence, root in
R2, R3, linear conversion & its matrix, determinant 3*3 of value & particular vector, vector product,
quadratic equation of line & surface, vector function & its derivative, velocity & acceleration, curvature
of vertical vectors on the diagram, multivariate functions, total derivative & partial derivative, tangent
page &the vertical gradient, chain rule for partial derivative, total differential, dual integral, triple
integral & their use in geometric & physical problems, replacement of the integral (without exact proof),
Cylindrical and spherical coordinates, vector field, integral curve, surface integral, divergence, cycle,
Laplasyn, Greene potential & divergence &stokes Theorem; at the level of general mathematics 1.

Note: the order of topics in general mathematics 1 & 2 is optional and the universities are permitted to
change the order according to the textbook they use.
Lesson title: differential equation

Units: 3 (theoretical)

Prerequisite: general mathematics 2

Hours: 51

Lesson topics:

The nature of differential equation and their solutions, the classes of curves & vertical vectors, physical
samples, separable equation, linear equation first order, homogeneous equation, linear equation second
order, homogeneous equations with constant coefficients, method of undetermined coefficients,
method of changing parameters, the use of second order equation in physics & mechanics, resolving
differential equation with the help of series, Bessel & Gama functions, Legendre polynomial,
introduction to differential equation system, Laplace transformation and its use in resolving differential
equation.
Lesson title: engineering mathematics

Units: 3 (theoretical)

Prerequisite: differential equation

Hours: 51

Lesson topics:

1. Fourier series & integral & transformation:

The definition of Fourier series, Euler's formula, the half-range expansion, Forced oscillations, Fourier
integral.

2. Differentials with the partial derivative:

Vibrating string, one variable wave equation, method of variable separation, Dalamyr solution for wave
equation, Equation of propagation of heat, two variable wave equation, Laplace equation in Cartesian &
Spherical & polar coordinates, Elliptical equations, parabolic & hyperbolic, application of Laplace
transformation in solving equations with partial derivative, solving equation of partial derivative with
the use of Fourier integral.

3. Analytic functions & conformal mapping & different integral:

Continuity limit, derivative of different functions, functions: exponential, trigonometric, hyperbolic,

Logarithmic, reverse trigonometric & exponential with different exponents, conformal mapping,
mapping z+b=W, az+1/cz+b=W, ez=W, line integral in complex plane, Gauss integral theorem, line
integral calculus by indeterminate integrals, Gauss formula, Taylor & Lauren's expansion, integration by
residue, theorem residue, calculating some of real integrals
Lesson title: physics 1 & lab

Units: 4

Prerequisite: general mathematics

Hours: 85 (51 theoretical & 34 practical)

Lesson topics:

A. Theoretical

Measurement, vectors, movement in a dimension, movement in a plane, particle dynamics, gas, energy
durante, particles dynamics, Rotational kinematics & dynamics, impact, definitions of heat &
temperature, zero & first & second law of thermodynamic, Kinetic Theory of Gases.

The recommended book:

Fundamentals of physics, D. Holliday R.Resnick (1986) John Wiley Sons, Inc.

B. Practical

Determining specific heat of liquids by cooling method, determining volume expansion ratio of liquids,
determining Latent heat melting of ice, determining Latent heat evaporation, determining the length
expansion ratio of solids, gaseous thermometer, determining adhesion of liquids (tensiometer),
determining the heat transfer ratio of solids, boyle’s research laws, boyle mariotte, Gay-Lussac,
determining adhesion of liquids (capillary tubes), Viscosity, aerometer by Dropper Hylkh (determining
adhesion of liquids), identification of measurement tools & computation of errors
Lesson title: physics 2 & lab

Units: 4

Prerequisite: physics 1 & lab

Hours: 85 (51 theoretical & 34 practical)

Lesson topics:

A. Theoretical

Load & material, electric field, Gauss law, electric potential, capacitors & dielectrics, current &
resistance, electric & circuit propellant, magnetic field, alternate currents, Maxwell equation,
electromagnetic waves.

The recommended book:

Fundamentals of physics, D. Holliday R.Resnick (1986) John Wiley Sons, Inc.

B. Practical

Identification of oscilloscope, identification of galvanometer & how to transform it into ammeter &
voltmeter & wattmeter, drawing diagram specifying characteristics of two polar & three polar lamps and
diodes and transistors, measuring & researching the capacity of capacitors.
Lesson title: general chemistry & lab

Units: 4

Prerequisite: no

Hours: 85 (51 theoretical & 34 practical)

Lesson topics:

A. Theoretical

First chapter:

Science of Chemistry, material, atomic mass, gram atom, Avogadro's number, measuring scale (metric
system), energy of temperature, significant digits, chemical calculations.

Second chapter:

Structure of the atom: electrical identity of the material (Thomson experience, Millikan experience),
structure of the atom (Rutherford experience), electromagnetic radiation, radiation of black body, the
origin of the quantum theory (classic theory of radiation, photoelectric effect, Bohr atom, X ray
spectrum and atomic number), mechanic quantum (Duality of particle & wave, linear spectrum of guitar,
linear spectrum of drum, uncertainty principle, Schrodinger equation, particle in box), hydrogen atom
(quantum number S,N,L,N) atoms with more than one electron & energy levels, electronic order,
monetary principle, alpha principle, periodic table, atomic radius, ionization energy, ionic energy,
electron affinity) and atomic statuses (terms, Russell).

Third chapter:

Chemical bond, parameters of molecular structure (bond energy, the use of bond energy,
electronegativity, bond length, bond angles, molecular spectroscope), theory of chemical bonds, the
method of determining the parameters, theory of molecular orbit (calculating molecular energy &
electron density in H2 +, wave function of hydrogen molecule, theory of link capacity, comparison
between theory of link capacity & theory of molecular orbit, electronic structure of molecules, two
atomic same core molecules, Overlap, electronic structure of two atomic molecules with different cores,
bond in LE molecule, structures of electron point, eight rule, apparent load, multicore bonds, metal
bond.

Structure of molecule:

Orbital hyper iodization & bond angles (molecules H2O, NH3, molecules BF3, BCL, B, (CH3)3, molecule CH4
& its derivations, molecules PCL3, SF3), Repulsive electron & bond angles (Molecules H2O, NH3, CH4,
molecules & Repulsive electron, covalent ions & dipolar Moment, hydrogenous bonds in liquids & solids,
kinetic theory of evaporating liquids, vapor pressure, boiling point, evaporating heat, freezing point,
melting point, vapor pressure of solids, purification, phase or manner tables, X ray & molecular structure
of crystals, X ray & electronic density of spacial network, crystal system, dense structure, ionic crystals,
network energy, faults in structure of the crystals, semi-conductor solutions, mechanism of solving,
hydrates, density of solutions, volume analysis, factors involved in solvability, the effect of heat
temperature in solvability, the effect of pressure in solvability, vapor pressure of solvents in liquids,
decrease in vapor pressure, evaporation & moistening, boiling point & freezing point in solutions,
determining freezing point & increase in boiling point, Osmotic pressure, distillation, electronic
solutions, tension between ions in solutions, phase tables for bipartite systems, Keloids, light diffusion &
outer movement, absorbing reaction rate, reaction rate & density, reactions of one sectional,
mechanism of reaction, rate & heat equations, catalysts, returning reactions & chemical equilibrium,
equilibrium constants, equilibrium constants at pressure, Le Châtelier principle.

B. Practical

Laboratory: introducing glassy instruments in chemical labs.

General instrument: scales, ventilator, PH meter … & getting familiar with the usage – safety in lab, how
to work with chemical & radioactive materials and …

Some of chemical materials: acids, bases, salts, chemical elements and …

Some of chemical techniques: solution making (with optional density), sedimentation and equilibrating,
titration, distillation (providing distilled water &taking essence), crystallization and …
Lesson title: Inorganic chemistry & lab

Units: 4

Prerequisite: general chemistry & lab

Hours: 85 (51 theoretical & 34 practical)

Lesson topics:

A. Theoretical

Introduction: brief history of Inorganic chemistry, atomic orbit of carbon, molecular orbit, orbital
symmetry, hint to bonds & polar molecules, Leucine acids & bases, boiling point & freezing point,
isomer, aliphatic hydrocarbons: general structure & naming molecular structure of methane as an
example, physical & chemical characteristics of alkenes, halogenation reaction, different energies of C-H
bond, circular aliphatic compounds, naming, physical & chemical characteristics, study the spacial status,
conformation, configuration, inner pressure of circles & chemical characteristics, isomer of sis & trans.

Alkenes: π bond, structure & geometric isomer, naming physical & chemical characteristics, How to
prepare alkenes on the basis of removing E1 & E2, the transition state of reactions, characteristics of π
bond (characteristic of Lewis bases).

Dimerization, oligomerization in increasing core desire reactions, the effect of acids, water & acid, Hypo
halite & permanganate & Tetra-oxide Osmium , increasing free radicals & respective mechanism,
hydrogenation, increasing reactions of 1-4 resonance, Diels - Alder reaction, allens, DN, Cyclotron
alkenes.

Alkynes: structure of CΞC bond, Elaine CΞH-C, comparing its acidity & C-H olefin& alkynes, physical
characteristics & isomer, naming, how to prepare, chemical characteristics of CΞC bond increasing
reaction, circular increasing reaction, similar Diels - Alder reaction.

Aromatic ingredients: introduction, Huckel’s rule, resonance, name & structure of some uni-circular &
multi-circular compound, the method of naming & gasoline derivations, physical characteristics.

Different reactions & their mechanisms: titration, halogenation, oscillation, Acylation, substitutional –
increasing reaction, oxidation of circles, isoline, anolene.

Optical isomer: brief summary, meso terms, enatitometer, Racemic.

Halogenoid inorganic compounds, alkyl of halides & core desire reactions, naming, getting from
alcohols, direct halogenation, providing Vinyl & Allyl halides, radical halogenation, brief summary of
chemical & physical characteristics of Alkyl halides, explaining core desire reactions and respective
factors, mechanism SN1 – SN2, the effect of solvent & the structure in the rate of the latter, removing
reactions E1 & E2 & spacial & structural limit, important compounds having Fluorine & their position in
industry, Ariel halides and comparing them with Alkyl halides, how to prepare by direct halogenation &
Sand Meyer, Green yards.

Brief hint to inorganic & physical compounds: definitions, naming the characteristics, providing sample.

Amides: brief summary

Fatty acid: lipids, soaps & detergents.

Sulfonic acid: structure, naming physical & chemical characteristics of reactions & derivations,

B. Practical

Inorganic chemical lab: determining melting point, boiling point by the micro method, simple distillation
by the water vapor, exploiting from solid & liquids in vacuum, sublimation, Single solvent and Two
solvent crystallization, paper – vertical chromatography, thin layer, quality analysis of carbon, hydrogen,
azote, halogen & brimstone in inorganic material. In Synthesis at least quality & spectrum testing are
treated on outputs, (Cyclotron hexane from Cyclotron hexanol), studying the relative rate of
substitutional core desire, determining rate constant of SN1 reaction, studying the quality of relative
rate of substituting different hydrogens by brominate different hydrocarbons, substitutional reaction
electron desire, Nitrate, Sulfonate, Friedel reaction, Craft and …
Lesson title: Computer coding

Units: 3

Prerequisite: general mathematics 2

Hours: 51 theoretical

Lesson topics:

Computers & different kinds, coding language, coding by Fortran 4 language, numbers & digits, constant
& variable quantities, calculating phrases, mathematical functions, input & output terms, orders of
placement, Duplicate declaration requirement, indexed variables, common & general & auxiliary
memory, subprograms, some computer programs.
Lesson title: general geology

Units: 2

Prerequisite: no

Hours: 34 theoretical

Lesson topics:

The state of earth in universe, atomic structure of components of Minerals, physical & general
characteristics of Minerals, the most important Minerals constituting stones, Igneous rock Volcanic
rocks, Weathering, Sedimentary rock, changes which occur in layers in the surface or near the surface,
Transformation & Metamorphic rock, the types of minerals reservoirs and resources, the movement of
surface material in espianade, river & activities & alterations in the surface, the function of deserts in
knowing the earth, glaciers & the surface functions, sea shore, Ground waters resources, earthquake in
relation to the inner structure of continent & oceans, structural theory of solid crust of the Earth, theory
of development in ocean floor, theory of continent displacement, surface techno tick theory.

Introduction to historical geology including Land cover classes & how they are formed, time scale &
different periods of geology.
Lesson title: energy & material equilibrium

Units: 4

Prerequisite: no

Hours: 68 theoretical

Lesson topics: Introduction, units & dimensions, The Mole, the method of measuring & analyzing
temperature, pressure, physical & chemical characteristics components & mixtures, techniques for
solving problems, chemical & stoichiometry.

Second Chapter: material energy equilibrium, analyzing equilibrium problems, using mathematical
techniques for equilibrium, calculations of recycle,

Third chapter: gases, vapors, liquids, solids, the ideal gas law, real relations, vapor pressure, saturation,
Partial saturation and humidity, material equilibrium in evaporation & condensation, the phenomenon
of phases.

Fourth chapter: energy equilibrium, definitions & units, heat capacity equation in enthalpy changes on
phase change, general energy equilibrium, reaction heat, solution & mixture heat,

Fifth chapter: merging energy equilibrium & material equilibrium, using energy equilibrium & material
equilibrium simultaneously in steady state of the enthalpy diagram of density, humidity tables & their
usage.

Sixth chapter: energy equilibrium & material equilibrium in unsteady state

Lesson title: static & resistance studding

Units: 3

Prerequisite: general mathematics 1

Hours: 51 theoretical

Lesson topics:

Definition of torque, total force & torque graphically and analytically, force analysis in plane,
Transmission and Torque, definition of balance & the conditions graphically and analytically, Free
Courier, the definition of must, Indefinite and definite static systems, Internal and external forces,
Geometric properties of intersection, Issues of material resistance, Stress and strain & the empirical
view, Hooke's law and its generalizations, Thermal stress, truss problems, definition of Compatibility by
changing the place of truss, torsion angle, Basic theory of bending beams & determining slope &
changing the place by differential equation & determining axial & shear stresses in beams sections,
solving hyper static problems, Blade and spiral springs, Cylindrical and spherical thin walled reservoirs,
Mohr circle for determining stress.
Lesson title: thermodynamic 1

Units: 3

Prerequisite: energy & material equilibrium

Hours: 51 theoretical

Lesson topics:

First chapter: Introduction to thermodynamic, Fundamental quantities (time, distance, mass, force,
temperature, volume, pressure)

Second Chapter: first principle of thermodynamics, Introduction, Thermodynamic principle modes,

Mode functions, enthalpy, steady currents, equilibrium phases, Reversible processes, Specific heat and
heat capacity.

Third chapter: Ideal gases, Processes with constant volume, Processes with constant pressure, polytropic
processes.

Fourth chapter: Pressure & volume relations, fluids temperature, pure objects PVT equations, gases
relations, Adaptive modes of mixed gases, Liquids behavior,

Fifth chapter: Thermal phenomena, Heat capacity of gases as a function of temperature, Specific heat in
liquids & solids, Thermal effects of phase change, Conventional reaction, normal heat for body
formation, normal combustion heat, the effect of temperature on the normal heat of reaction, Industry
reaction phenomena, the phenomenon of thermal mixing process

Sixth chapter: Second principle of thermodynamics, Thermal machines, different fluids, the second
principle of the absolute temperature scale, temperature of ideal work, the concept entropy,
Mathematical expression of second principle, reversible & changes of entropy & probabilities & third
principle of thermodynamics.

Seventh chapter: Thermodynamic characteristics of fluids & respective relations, Thermodynamic

characteristics of single-phase system, two phase scopes, different tables of Thermodynamic,
Thermodynamic characteristics of solution and mixture, Variable composition, real characteristics of
mixtures, mixture of gases, Thermodynamic characteristics in liquid phase

Eighth chapter: corresponding states law, numeral examples in carbohydrates mode equations:

Benedict – webb – Rubin, Redlich – Kownq, Van der Waals, Virial, Hirschfelcr, Buehler, Mac gee Sutton
Comparative summary:

Symmetric and asymmetric reference mode, the method of determining pure objects, using mode
equations in liquid phase, deviation from the idea of elite in molecular scale & its microscopic results,
non-ideal mixtures of liquids, Predictive models.
Lesson title: Heat transfer & lab

Units: 4

Prerequisite: Fluid mechanics & lab

Hours: 85 (51 theoretical& 34 practical)

Lesson topics:

A. theoretical

First chapter: introduction, relation between Heat transfer and thermodynamics, Heat transfer laws
(conduction, convection, radiation), Heat transfer coefficient.

Second Chapter: conduction Heat transfer, Heat transfer in single & two – dimensional steady state,
heat resistance, heat resistance in walls with heat resources & without it, heat transfer in spherical
shapes, heat resistance in Fins

Third chapter: convectional heat resistance, basis & concept of convectional heat resistance, physical
characteristics of fluids and respective equations.

1. Heat resistance along with fluid flow on surfaces & in the pipes & channels.

2. Determining film coefficient in heat convection

Fourth chapter: free & obligatory convection, experimental relations & the usage

Fifth chapter: Heat transfer along with change in phase, evaporation – condensation

Sixth chapter: Heat Exchangers, Exchangers classification, respective calculations, the heat exchanger
design and selection, Hydro-mechanical design of exchangers

Seventh chapter: radiational Heat transfer, dark grey material, shape factor, radiation in gases,
combination of conductional & convectional & radiational Heat transfer and related issues.

B. practical

1. Temperature distribution in solids

2. Heat transfer by radiation

3. Heat transfer by convection

4. Coefficient of heat transfer in heat exchanger (with & without Fins)

5. Temperature distribution in static fluid film

6. Coefficient of heat transfer in the wall towers

7. Heating the Liquids in the tank

8. Coefficient of heat transfer in condensation

Lesson title: Process control & lab

Units: 4

Prerequisite:

Hours: 85 (51 theoretical & 34 practical)

Lesson topics: Fluid mechanics & lab

A. theoretical

reminding Laplace transform, reverse of Laplace transform, characteristics of transforms, displaying

system with transform function & box diagram, sample primary system, Line-up, primary system as
series of quadratic systems, Transmission delay of characteristics replies, Feedback control system with
a circuit component, controlling mechanism of control valve, function of closed circuit system,
characteristics of transient response, Sustainability review by Route, review of control systems by
geometric Route.

B. practical

1. Electronic systems of primary open circuit, electronic systems of quadratic open circuit

2. Aerial controlling elements: Connection and disconnection aerial controlling system, Proportional
controlling system, aerial integral.

3. Aerial systems: aerial system of primary open circuit, aerial system of quadratic open circuit

4. Liquid surface System by measuring aerial – electronic: system of primary open circuit, system of
quadratic open circuit, system of third rate open circuit, primary system with side reservoir, quadratic
system with side reservoir.

5. Temperature system by aerial measuring as open circuit,

6. Liquid flow System by measuring aerial – electronic as open circuit.

7. Automatic control of Liquid flow System: finding optimal controller parameters:

A. by reaction curve
B. by permanent oscillation
C. comparing former results

8. Automatic control of temperature control system: finding optimal controller parameters:

A. by reaction curve
B. by permanent oscillation
C. comparing former results
9. Automatic control of liquid flow system: finding optimal controller parameters:

A. by reaction curve
B. by permanent oscillation
C. comparing former results
Lesson title: Petroleum geology

Units: 3

Prerequisite: structural geology

Hours: 51 theoretical

Lesson topics:

Introduction & history

formation and the development of oil

Planar – underground – geographic development, Geology

Physical Properties of oil

Overview of oil chemistry, theories about the origin of oil(inorganic, mineral)

How oil formed

Source rock evaluation, oil migration (primary & secondary & Reservoir Dynamics)

Properties of reservoir rock, Porosity and their types, influencing factors in controlling the level of
Porosity in each clastic & carbonate rock, Overview of clastic & carbonate rocks

Oil trap or oil taking mechanism

Definition of trap, types of trap or oil taking, structural oil taking, stratigraphic oil taking (in clastic &
carbonate rocks along with the examples of over the world), complex oil taking( saline dome)

Extraction methods

Overview of geology, geophysics & geochemistry

Lesson title: basis of procedures of oil industries

Units: 3

Prerequisite: basis of oil geology

Hours: 51 theoretical

First chapter: Production and transmit processes

Overview of gas & oil formation & reserves, oil production from tank, Flow regimes in reservoirs, How
the pressure drops in the tanks, the effect of Darcy's law production, how oil transmit into pipeline, Fluid
flow in transmitting pipes & the equations, overview of oil storage & export

Second chapter: Preparation processes

Overview of the process of separating oil, water and gas, optimal conditions of separating gas from oil &
water from oil, designing separators & Separation process, Desalination & separating minerals from oil,
preparing oil for Refinement

Third chapter: oil processing

Overview of Petroleum refining industry, refineries & their economic importance in Iran & the world,
physical & chemical principles of Petroleum refining, distillation processes (distillation in vacuum,
Fractional distillation, breakdown, thermal breakdown, hydrogenation), technical and economical
specifications of distillation.

Fourth chapter: Gas processing

Overview of gas production process from reservoirs and transmitting it into pipeline, Natural gas
composition and its phasic behavior, PVT tables, Formation of gas hydrates & the methods of preventing
it, explaining the methods of taking water (solids & liquids), necessary & the process of NGL, complete
explanation of NGL companies, calculating shortcut methods of correcting gas dew point units,
separating H2S material from natural gas, overview of gas purification process, producing LPG.

Fifth chapter: Production process of petroleum products and petrochemicals

Fuels Processing, calculating thermal value and using different fuels in industries, Petrochemical
feedstock supply, overview of the petrochemical industries & economic importance in Iran & the world,
complete explanation of petrochemical processes, categorizing petrochemical products & processes
such as primary, Intermediate and final (based on raw material), overview of chemical fertilizer
production units(Nitrogen and phosphate), olefins production units (Ethylene and propylene and
butadiene), Aromatics production units (Benzene, toluene and xylene), processes of producing major
non-organic materials (ammonia and methanol and phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid and nitric acid).
Lesson title: Properties of reservoir rocks & lab

Units: 4

Prerequisite: from 3rd semester

Hours: 8

Lesson topics:

A. theoretical

definition of reservoir, traps, physical properties of reservoir rocks: Petrology, Porosity, Permeability and
compressibility, Saturation, the simple concept of fluids flow in porous environment, analyzing rocky
cores, properties of reservoir rocks in the vicinity of some fluids: surface and capillary forces, the
concept of wettability, capillary pressure & relative and effective permeability & methods of measuring
them.

B. practical

Core operation, maintenance & analysis of rocky cores, coefficient of resistance formation, fluids flow in
porous environment, Two-phase permeability & Fluid displacement, the study of fluids flow by the help
of electrical and electrolytic simple model in Reservoir simulation.
Lesson title: Properties of reservoir fluids & lab

Units: 3

Prerequisite: Thermodynamics 1 & lab

Hours: 68

Lesson topics:

A. theoretical

The simple concept of phase behavior including single & double systems, reverse phenomenon,
behavior of Oil and gas collections, definition & calculation of gas & oil physical properties (compaction
and density and viscosity and between surface tension), two phase gas & oil systems, vapor and liquid
Equilibrium, K coefficient, method of convergence pressure, method of mode function, Instantaneous
and reducing evaporation, Instantaneous and increasing condensation, gas & oil enthalpy, Gas oil ratio,
coefficient of volume formation, contraction coefficient, oil & water systems, solvability of water in oil
and vice versa, hydrate formation & preventing it, the effect of salt density.

B. practical

calculating physical properties of petroleum & gas & water (compaction and density and viscosity and
between surface tension), experiments of Instantaneous and reducing vapor for Oil and gas collections,
Gas oil ratio, coefficient of volume formation, contraction coefficient.
Lesson title: General Workshop 1

Units: 1

Prerequisite: no

Hours: 51 practical

Getting familiar & doing partial repairing in different fields:

1. How to work and partially repair pumps & turbines and compressors

2. How to work and partially repair player and controller & different machines in operation companies &
drilling wells

3. Mechanism & functions of safety devices used for transportation & controlling of machinery.

4. Mechanism & repairs of electronic devices for controlling & measuring amount of oil, oil pressure &
oil temperature in pipes & reservoirs.
Lesson title: Applications of Mathematics in Chemical Engineering

Units: 3

Prerequisite: Heat transfer & lab

Hours: 51 theoretical

Lesson topics:

1. Stemming linear and nonlinear equations: regular & falsi method, polynomial real roots with real
coefficient, Stemming nonlinear equations

2. Stemming linear and nonlinear equation systems: review of determinants of matrix, polynomial
matrixes & series, derivative & integral of matrixes, specifications of matrix equation, solving matrix
equation, solving equation by matrix & other ways, solving nonlinear equations

3. Polynomial Approximate, introduction, Interpolation of Newton, different interpolation, numeral

derivative & integral.

4. Other approximate methods: Method of least squares and other methods.

5. ODE, ordinary differential equation, solving ODE, single level method for initial values problems,
multi-level for initial values problems, numeral solutions for ODE for initial values problems, numeral
solutions for ODE for boundary values problems
Lesson title: Two-phase fluid mechanics

Units: 3

Prerequisite: fluids mechanics

Hours: 51 theoretical

First chapter: Basis of two-phase flow:

Introduction, energy equation, evaluating frictional losses, laminar flow and mixed flow, definitions of
two phase flow variable

Second chapter: specific relations of fluids properties

Introduction, gas liquid ratio, Compression coefficient, solvability of natural water in gas, water
compression coefficient, density& the effect of non-hydrocarbon impurities, viscosity of liquids & gases
& surface tension.

Third chapter: general flow

Introduction, categorizing relations a b c, flow regimes, equations related to categorization a, equations

related to categorization b, equations related to categorization c, method of predicting the pressure
drop, flow in graded cylinder, three phase flow.
Lesson title: Mass transfer

Units: 3

Prerequisite: Heat transfer & lab

Hours: 51 theoretical

Lesson topics:

First chapter: overview of mass transfer processes including: categorization of the mass transfer
operations, direct & indirect separation, Stable and unstable operations, the number of equilibrium
units and etc.

Second chapter: molecular penetration in fluids including: molecular penetration, Fick equation,
molecular penetration in gases in different conditions, penetrability of gases, molecular penetration in
liquids, coefficient of liquids penetration, molecular penetration usage, similarity of momentum
transfer, mass & temperature in smooth flow of fluids

Third chapter: coefficient of molecular penetration: coefficient of molecular penetration in smooth flow,
coefficient of liquids gases solids penetration, film theory, influence oriented, depth theory, necessary
info. for calculating simple molecular penetration.

Fourth chapter: mass transfer in common phases, equilibrium, penetration among phases, positional
mass transfer between two phases, local total ratio, local total ratio usage, total average mass transfer
coefficient, stable operations, parallel & divergent flows , continuous parallel operations, intermittent
operations, collections, continuous collections with reverse flows, mass transfer units.

Fifth chapter: Devices related to the operation of LNG plants, Reservoirs equipped with stirring, Tray
Towers, Design principles of Tray Towers & calculating pressure drop therein, Tray efficiency, Wall
columns, wet, Spray and filled, Choice of fillings.

Sixth chapter: absorb, solvability of liquids in gases in equilibrium state, double systems, ideal & non-
ideal systems, choosing solvent in absorbing, reverse flows calculations, least liquid gas ratio in
absorption device.
Lesson title: Thermodynamics 2

Units: 3

Prerequisite: Thermodynamics 1

Hours: 51 theoretical

Lesson topics:

1. Rankine cycles, the effects of pressure & temperature on the Rankine cycles, cycles having limited
warmer, the difference between ideal & real cycles, compression refrigeration cycle, absorption cooling
system, automatic cycles, Diesel cycles, Ericsson & Sterling cycle, Brayton cycle, gas recycled turbine
cycle, gas ideal cycle, cooler, jet driving cycle, refrigerants cycle,

2. Thermodynamic relations:

Maxwell relations, Clapeyron equation, thermodynamic relations for enthalpy, inner force, entropy &
specific heat.

3. Mixture:

Mixture of complete gases, mixture of gas & vapor, using first law of thermodynamic for mixture of gas
& vapor, Adiabatic saturation process, temperature of dry & wet bubble, Psyc.Chart, change in material
properties by mixing,

4. Fuel & ignition:

Fuels, ignition process, materials resulted from ignition, combination enthalpy, using first law of
thermodynamic, temperature of flame, enthalpy & inner force of ignition, , using second law of
thermodynamic, evaluating real process of ignition.

5. Flows on nozzles & blade passages:

Review of some issues concerning fluids mechanics including: properties of stationary state, movement
equation for specific volume, force on the specific surface, one dimensional steady flow & fluid
Adiabatic, vertical beat of gas fluid in nozzles, vapor flow in nozzles, nozzles & player ratio.
6. Refrigeration & condensation:

Carno & aerial cooling cycles & vapor density and their comparison, choosing cooler material, absorbing,
Refrigeration heat pumps, condensation process.
Lesson title: Basis of well testing

Units: 3

Prerequisite: Drill engineering 2 & lab

Hours: 51 theoretical

Lesson topics:

Definition of rocks & reservoirs characteristics, definition of radius of well & reservoir, pressure dispersal
& status in reservoir in static &dynamic, definition of well testing & effective factors, different methods
of well testing, Build up testing, different methods of analyzing Build up, drow down test & analyzing it,
review of accuracy of info by log-log, method of well testing Drift Stem Test, Interface pulse, … designing
a test for well testing, well testing in exploratory test hole, well testing in Fracture reservoirs, different
instruments used for well testing, comparing with other ways, logging, basis of mathematical mode of
well testing & the limits.
Lesson title: Well logging

Units: 3

Prerequisite: structural geology & reservoirs engineering 1

Hours: 51 theoretical

Lesson topics:

Physical properties of the eruption of rocks, sandstone, carbonate rock, electrical properties of rocks,
tables of well diameter, potential oxidation tables & diagram of revival spontaneous potential, short
range and long range and side range diagrams, electrical tables with focused flow, infusing tables,
formal resistance tables, sonic tables, formation density tables, neutrons tables, gamma radiation table,
time reducing table, packing cement table, tables interpretations & related issues by the help of Iranian
oil tables.
Lesson title: reservoirs engineering 1

Units: 3

Prerequisite: reservoir geology – oil geology

Hours: 51 theoretical

Lesson topics:

Different fluid flow in reservoirs based on geometric shapes ( linear, radial, spheral, semi-spheral fluid),
how the pressure drops in reservoir & because of production effect, steady & unsteady & quasi-steady
state fluids, the concept of downfall areas in reservoir, using differential shape of Darcy's law,
determining fluid equation in porous environment for steady state, Skin effect & effective factors,
positive & negative & virtual skin factors, radial fluid theory in porous environment, Continuity equation,
dispersion equation & boundary conditions, solving dispersion equation, respective responses, general
equations of fluid for steady & unsteady & quasi-steady states with constant flow, operation index in
steady state JSS & quasi-steady state JSS, Dietz shape factor, pressure drop equation for steady &
unsteady & quasi-steady state with production constant flow, existence of a well in reservoir,
superposition, the effects of different factors, the number of several wells & effect of fault on the
pressure drop equation in reservoir, analyzing IRP diagram & well function, partial fluid, one dimensional
movement Levert Buckly, Welge analyzing, calculating produced oil
Lesson title: Structural geology

Units: 3

Prerequisite: general geology

Hours: 68 (34 theoretical & 34 practical)

Lesson topics:

A. Theoretical

Structure & texture of sedimentary materials, mechanical factors of changing form & color of stone,
displaying stratigraphy in analyzing Plan rochine in the shape of earth, lineation, joints, faults, chains,
building forms of igneous rock, orogeny.

B. Practical

Live out of layers in relation to building forms & topography, practicing to use geology map, desert
mapping regarding real & apparent slope, evaluating layer & depth diameter regarding layer slope,
Lesson title: reservoirs engineering 2

Units: 3

Prerequisite: reservoirs engineering 1

Hours: 51 theoretical

Lesson topics:

Behavior of hydrocarbon phases, dry gas reservoirs, condensate oil reservoirs, unsaturated oil
reservoirs, saturated oil reservoirs, general mechanics dominating reservoir performance: drift with
soluble gas, drift with water, drift with gas cap, Gravitational drift & combination of drift, gathering &
providing info to evaluate reservoirs, calculating the amount of oil & gas in the earlier parts &
carbohydrate reservoirs, review the methods of calculating the amount of marginal water input,
prediction of reservoir performance, review the methods of analyzing gradual reduction curves,
maximum effective producing flow, theory of multiphase flow in porous environment, study coning
phenomenon of water & gas in reservoir, relative virtual permeability, virtual capillary pressure, vertical
equation.
Lesson title: reservoirs engineering (3) – Gas

Units: 3

Prerequisite: Thermodynamics & reservoirs engineering 2

Hours: 51 theoretical

First chapter: properties of natural gas, ideal gases law, brief review of equation of state, density &
specific volume of natural gas, gravity of natural gas, gas formation, volume factor Bg, natural gas
viscosity, brief review of gas calorimetry, natural gas enthalpy & their diagram, diffusion of gases.

Second chapter: natural gases reservoirs, determining volume of available gas in reservoir, mass
equilibrium of gas reservoir, evaluating equivalent gas produced from gas liquids, calculating unit
recovery from volumetric gas reservoir.

Third chapter: Gas flow in porous environment, permeability, porosity, Darcy’s law, radial flow
equations, radial flow equations in series floors.

Fourth chapter: Gas well testing, types of as well testing, preparing gas well for testing, shutin pressure,
one point test, multipoint test, isochronal test, pressure adjustment open flow potential.

Fifth chapter: production forcasting of gas wells, operational conditions for production forcasting, wells
with high ability of production, wells with production rate limited to a fraction of the flow potential,
constant back pressure.

Sixth chapter: Gas condensate reservoir, types of reservoirs based on phase diagrams, calculating the
amount of gas & gas condensate in gas condensate reservoir, retrogression, mass equilibrium for
reservoir characterized by retrogression.
Lesson title: Reservoir Studies

Units: 2

Prerequisite: reservoirs engineering 2

Hours: 34 theoretical

Lesson topics:

First chapter: Getting familiar with the methods of collecting data of reservoirs such as well testing, well
sampling, core hole sampling, geophysics & properties of reservoirs fluids.

Second chapter: Getting familiar with mathematical mode of rocks properties & reservoir fluid,

Third chapter: Steps in studying wells for estimating operation in different ways: primary production,
secondary production, tertiary production.

Fourth chapter: steps in studying reservoir in terms of production optimization.

Lesson title: Operation 1

Units: 3

Prerequisite: Properties of reservoirs rocks & lab, Properties of reservoirs fluids& lab

Hours: 51 theoretical

Lesson topics:

Different ways of well completion, network, sand control, well repair, layer testing with drill leg, wells
becoming carbonated, wells becoming humid & ways of prevention, checking temperature and
pressure, services within a well with wire, gas lift, plunger lift, suction pump , electric immersed pumps,
hydraulic pumps, different methods for stimulating wells to produce more, determining contact surface
of reservoir rocks.
Lesson title: The methods of increasing & harvesting reservoirs

Units: 3

Prerequisite: oil geology

Hours: 51 theoretical

Lesson topics:

Getting floodwater: principles & properties of water & oil flow in reservoir rock, advancing front theory,
efficiency of oil displacement by water, horizontal & vertical & volumetric sweeping efficiency, injected
water resources, effects of different injected waters.

Gas injection: Non-removable mixing, methods of predicting reservoir performance, mingling drift,
intermingling, strong gas injection, steam and hot water injection, combustion in well, lowering the
surface tension, carbonic gas, emulsion, viscose water to enhance harvesting.
Lesson title: Reservoir management & protection

Units: 2

Prerequisite: oil geology

Hours: 34 theoretical

Lesson topics:

1. Management: getting familiar with basis of management, management in different industries,

General understanding of management in oil-rich regions in Iran, Productivity & supervisory
management of expert’s performance, Management & promotion & qualitative and quantitative
improvement of experts’ performance.

2. General understanding management of oil and gas fields & reservoirs:

Initial planning for reservoirs extraction

Latest information about new technologies

Well drilling & management

Management & protection of wells in extraction process, future of well

Production increase (Reservoir pressure maintenance, types of gas injection, water injection)
Lesson title: Industrial management

Units: 2

Prerequisite: from 5th semester

Hours: 34 theoretical

Type: optional

Lesson topics:

1. Psychology in Industry:

Social industrial psychology, former & current industrial societies, review historical background of being
industrialized society in Iran, human factor and its relation to production, Philosophy & psychology of
work, work and rest, human relations in industry, Competency assessment, Job satisfaction & industrial
spirit, Evaluation of jobs, Training in industry, Psychological tests, Timing & motion studies.

2. Management in industry: introduction, structure of organization, Individual & consultative

management and advantages & disadvantages of each one, Islamic management, control system in
management, relationships between employees and employers, Management strategies, Ways to
achieve goals, Short-term & medium-term& long-term programs, Executive programs in the present.

3. Production planning:

A. Production parameters:

Raw materials: supplying, Storage, stock

Products: type, amount, stock, quality, storage

Production planning: production units, Possibilities and Limitations, scheduling activities, Decisions, and
waste

Production costs, Fixed and variable costs, additional & actual costs, Cost of raw materials

Improvement of production: difficulties & solving them, Project computation, Run project

Principles of Selling: Consumer market, Price, Sales, Transportation

B. Principles of production planning:

Models: mathematical, physical, chemical, changing reality into simulation model, using models in
industry

Available models: Inventory system & planning, models with complete data, models with incomplete
data
Desirable or optimal level: Explaining problems, Principles of linear programming, mathematical &
chemical solution, Simple x Integral, using matrix, Duality

Optimization of refinery program: choosing amount & type of petroleum in order to produce certain
amount of products required with given quality, Theory of Networks: PERT system, CMP system
Lesson title: Specific English language

Units: 2

Prerequisite: General English language

Hours: 34 theoretical

Lesson topics:

The materials that are presented here are intended to achieve two major goals: First, helping students
to understand technical & engineering contexts; and helping students to write in this field. Students will
start to write the same as the style that they have studied in their academic & technical contexts. In this
lesson, students will learn correct paragraph writing; also write short & unofficial reports with scientific
themes.
Lesson title: Metal corrosion in petroleum industries

Units: 2

Prerequisite: from 5th semester

Hours: 34 theoretical

Lesson topics:

Introduction: Types of corrosion phenomena, corrosion thermodynamics, Chemical kinetics of corrosion

1. Dry corrosion at high temperature:

A. Oxidation in the vicinity of air or fuel gases, Oxidation at high temperature, resistant alloys, corrosion
by fuel gases, the role of fuels ashes in corrosion.

B. corrosion by hydrogen at high pressure & temperature: mechanism & conditions of corrosion,
preventing corrosion by H, effects of different factors in H penetration, find corrosion by the help of H

C. Corrosion by H2S at high pressure & temperature: mechanism of corrosion, percentage of corrosion,
maintenance

2. Corrosion in acidic environment:

A. Mechanism, mechanism of anti-corrosion materials in acidic environment

B. Corrosion in acidic environment in the presence of H2S: penetration of atomic H in steel, ways of
chemical maintenance & metallurgy

C. using stainless steel in acidic environment

D. using austenitic steel

3. Corrosion by water:

Type of water, dissolved oxygen, Carbonic balances, corrosion by water, other soluble salts, water
temperature, water flow rate, anti-corrosion materials for water, anticorrosive paints, cathodic
protection in oil & gas industry

4. Study types of corrosion in refinery & transmission lines and the incidences, preventing metal
corruption, the economic results of corrosion in operation of units, parallel flows, multi-stage operation
with reverse flows, diluted mixture, absorption coefficient, calculating filled towers in absorption:
number of transfer units, height of a transfer unit, Multi-component absorption, absorption along with
chemical reaction
Seventh Chapter: Cooling Tower for water & air & other systems