Mechanical Design of Machine Elements

Complete after watching Module 25: Complex Example Distortion Energy Theory

Worksheet 3: von Mises Practice Problems

1) A 7075 T6 aluminum component has a plane stress element shown below, which
is found to have the following stresses:
σx = 10 ksi, σy = 25 ksi, and τxy = 15 ksi cw.
A) Will this material behave in a brittle or ductile manner?
7075 T6 aluminum has a εf > 0.05, so it will behave in a ductile matter.
B) What is the factor of safety using von Mises theory?
Note: shear in the counter clockwise direction (ccw) is positive. Shear in the
clockwise direction (cw) is negative.

sy
txy
sx

Assumptions:
Isotropic, homogenous material at room temperature

Thoughts:
As this is a plane stress element, σz = 0, and τyz and τzx = 0.
As this is a ductile material in static loading, von Mises theory (Distortion Energy theory) is applicable.

Analysis:

σ’ = (1/√2)[(σx-σy)2+(σy-σz)2+(σz-σx)2 +6(τxy2 + τyz2+ τzx2)]1/2

As σz = 0, and τyz and τzx = 0

σ’ =[σx2 – σxσy + σy2 +3(τxy2)]1/2

σ’ =[(10)2 – (10)(25) + (25)2 +3((-15)2)]1/2

σ’ = 33.9 ksi

n = Sy/σ’ = 71/33.9 = 2.09

Mechanical Design of Machine Elements
Complete after watching Module 25: Complex Example Distortion Energy Theory

Worksheet 3: von Mises Practice Problems

2) Below is rod DA, which is attached to another rod, AB. Assume that rod AB is
strong enough and not part of the problem. Rod DA has a diameter of 0.02 m. A
force F = 1000 N is applied in the negative x direction at the end of the rod DA, and a
force P = 500 N is applied in the negative y direction at point B. Assume that rod DA
is made of a ductile metal.
A) Find the effective stress at point O. which lies at the very top of the rod in
the X-Z plane.
B) Find the effective stress at point C. which lies in the very front of the rod in
the X-Y plane.
Y
0.1 m
0.5 m

0.1 m
D .
O .A
.C
P F X

Z
.B

Assumptions:
Isotropic, homogenous material at room temperature

Thoughts:
There are four possible types of stress due to these loads: torsional shear stress due to load P, bending stress
due to load P, transverse shear stress due to load P, and axial compressive stress due to load F

Think about how the rod DA will deflect due to load P. It will be pushed downward, causing point O to be
pulled into tension, and the bottom of the rod to be pushed into compression. Therefore, the neutral axis is
along the x-z plane, through point C. Load P applies a bending moment to the rod, which at point O will be M
= P*lOA

Additionally, the rod will be twisted due to load P. Load P applies a torque on the rod which is T = P*lAB

At point O, the rod is experiencing axial compressive stress due to F, a tensile bending stress due to P, and a
torsional shear stress due to P. As it is at the top edge of the bar, point O does not experience a transverse
shear stress.

Point C is at the neutral axis. Therefore, the bending stress is 0, but the transverse shear due to P is
maximum. Point C also experiences axial compressive stress due to F, and torsional shear stress due to P.
2) Below is rod DA, which is attached to another rod, AB. Assume that rod AB is
strong enough and not part of the problem. Rod DA has a diameter of 0.02 m. A
force F = 1000 N is applied in the negative x direction at the end of the rod DA, and a
force P = 500 N is applied in the negative y direction at point B. Assume that rod DA
is made of a ductile metal. All fillet radii are 0.005 m.
A) Find the effective stress at point O.
B) Find the effective stress at point C.

Y
0.1 m
0.5 m

0.1 m
D .
O .A
.C
P F X

Z
.B

Analysis:

At point O:
Axial stress σx = F/A = 4F/(pd2) = (4*(-1000 N))/[p*(0.02 m)2] = -3183699 Pa = - 3.2 MPa

Bending stress sx = [(Mc)/I]

M = P*lOA = (500 N)*(0.5 m) = -250 N*m (drawing a bending moment diagram would
indicate the bending moment is negative)
Md 64 32M 32(-250N * m)
sx = - * 4 =- =- = 318369946Pa = 318.4MPa
2 pd pd 3
p (0.02m)3
Acting in tension!

Torsional stress txz

T = P*lAB = (500 N * 0.1 m) = 50 N*M
Tr Td 32 16T 16(50N * m)
t xz = = * = = = 3183699.4Pa = 31.8MPa
J 2 p d4 p d3 p (0.02m)3
σx = -3.2 MPa + 318.4 MPa = 315.2 MPa
(Note the minimal impact that axial load has on total stress in the x-direction!)

τxz = 31.8 MPa

σ’ =[σx2 – σxσz + σz2 +3(τxz2)]1/2

2) Below is rod DA, which is attached to another rod, AB. Assume that rod AB is
strong enough and not part of the problem. Rod DA has a diameter of 0.02 m. A
force F = 1000 N is applied in the negative x direction at the end of the rod DA, and a
force P = 500 N is applied in the negative y direction at point B. Assume that rod DA
is made of a ductile metal. All fillet radii are 0.005 m.
A) Find the effective stress at point O.
B) Find the effective stress at point C.

Y
0.1 m
0.5 m

0.1 m
D .
O .A
.C
P F X

Z
.B

Analysis:

At point O:
0 0
σ’ =[σx2 – σxσz+ σz2 +3(τxz2)]1/2

σ’ =[σx2 +3(τxz2)]1/2

σ’ = [(315.2 MPa )2 + 3(31.8 MPa)2]1/2 = 320 MPa

At point C:

The torsional and axial stresses are identical to point O.

Compressive stress due to axial load = -3.2 MPa

Shear due to torsion = τxz = 31.8 MPa

Shear due to transverse shear

4V 4(500N )
t= = = 2.1MPa
3A p (0.02m)2
3( )
4
Note how small transverse shear is
compared to the torsional stress!
2) Below is rod DA, which is attached to another rod, AB. Assume that rod AB is
strong enough and not part of the problem. Rod DA has a diameter of 0.02 m. A
force F = 1000 N is applied in the negative x direction at the end of the rod DA, and a
force P = 500 N is applied in the negative y direction at point B. Assume that rod DA
is made of a ductile metal. All fillet radii are 0.005 m.
A) Find the effective stress at point O.
B) Find the effective stress at point C.

Y
0.1 m
0.5 m

0.1 m
D .
O .A
.C
P F X

Z
.B

Analysis:

At point C:

τxy = shear due to torsion + shear due to transverse

τxy = 2.1 MPa + 31.8 MPa = 33.9 MPa

0 0
σ’ =[σx2 – σxσy+ σy2 +3(τxy2)]1/2

σ’ =[σx2 +3(τxy2)]1/2

σ’ = [(3.2 MPa )2 + 3(33.9 MPa)]1/2 = 58.9 MPa

2) Below is rod DA, which is attached to another rod, AB. Assume that rod AB is
strong enough and not part of the problem. Rod DA has a diameter of 0.02 m. A
force F = 1000 N is applied in the negative x direction at the end of the rod DA, and a
force P = 500 N is applied in the negative y direction at point B. Assume that rod DA
is made of a ductile metal. All fillet radii are 0.005 m.
A) Find the effective stress at point O.
B) Find the effective stress at point C.

Y
Stress states along surface of rod OA
O. t due to torsion

t due to transverse shear

C. X
sx due to bending

sx due to axial

Z Stress states at top of rod at point O

. X
O

Stress states at side of rod at point C

Y

. X
C