Detail Report Aanatoli IP Final

Medium Irrigation Project Detailed Feasibility Study Report,
(MIP) Aanatoli Irrigation Project,Aanatoli GP-2, Dadeldhura
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Aanatoli Irrigation Project is located in the North middle part of Dadeldhura district in
Mahakali zone of the Far Western Development Region. The project area lies in the hilly
region of the district. The average ground elevation is 1038 m above mean sea level having
average slope of 1:75
The mean monthly temperature varies from 10.69°C to 24.41°C. Annual evapotranspiration
ranges from 1.84 mm to 5.68 mm and the mean annual rainfall in Dadeldhura is 116.41 mm
which is the closest meteorological station from the command area.
The Basini and Dharamdwar river are the main source of water. Their basin falls under the
hill area. The river originates from Mahabharat range. The catchment area up to Side Intake
site For both rivers combined is about 1600 km2 measured on 1:25000 topographical map.
Sub–basin approach has been adopted to assess the available water to the sub-project area that
falls in the hydrological region no.2. Mean monthly flow and 80% reliable flow were
extrapolated using Regional Non-dimensional hydrographs for the region, based on a
measured flow.
As per the daily rainfall and flood data from the nearest Dadeldhura Meteorological Station, a
peak discharge of 64.00 m3/sec is adopted for the Side Intake site. The rainstorm and flood
with an occurrence probability of 1 in 50 years is adopted for designing mojor facilities.
The crops proposed to be grown in the area are Paddy (Monsoon), Wheat, Pulse/oilseed,
winter vegetables, Potato etc. Their irrigation requirements are separately estimated based on
the proposed cropping pattern. The irrigation water requirement consists of crop consumptive
use, ancillary water demands for respective crops and irrigation losses. The diversion water
requirement has been estimated by dividing net irrigation water requirement by overall
efficiency. Based on the diversion requirement, the design discharge of the irrigation facilities,
such as canals and related structures have been determined. Taking some allowance for future
crop variation, the peak requirement for the system has been computed to be 1.67lit/sec/ha.
Alluvial material is seen on the command area. It has silty and clay soil suitable for growing
paddy and diversified crops. Most farmers in the irrigated lands cultivate at least two crops in
a year. The cultivated staple crops in the area are paddy followed by wheat. Winter vegetables
are also grown in the project area. In order to achieve the prospective goals of the project, it is
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envisaged to increase agricultural productivity and production by raising per unit yields and
expanding the irrigated area. The CI is expected to increase from 78% at present to 170%
under with project situation in future. The increase in productivity of major crops is envisaged
to be 2.4.mt/ha to 4 mt/ha in paddy (monsson), 1.7 to 3 mt/ha in wheat, 4.00 to 8.00 mt/ha in
winter vegetables and 6.2 to 10.2 mt/ha in potato.
Design of the project facilities is made following the guidelines of the " Design manuals for
irrigation Projects in Nepal" prepared under Planning and Design Strengthening Project, 1990.
The proposed Irrigation System consists of Side Intake, Main irrigation canal with Aqueduct
and Superpassage. The shape of canal will be trapezoidal on earthen portion and rectangular
on lined section
The total project cost is NRs.15, 256,086.80 with per hectare cost of NRs. 762,805.00. the
project cost comprises of direct construction cost and 10% contingencies. Some basic
conditions and assumptions are made for preparing the project cost estimates as follows:
i) The unit price for the project cost estimates are based on the F.Y. 073-074
current prices.
ii) The feasibility assessment of Aanatoli Irrigation Project comprises of important
analytical parameters on economic (by computing Economic Internal Rate of
Return (EIRR), financial (B/C ratio), socio-economic, and environmental
aspects.
iii) The Economic Internal Rate of Return (EIRR) of the sub-project is 13.97% and
BCR at 10% and 12% discount rates are 1.30 and 1.14 respectively.
The project is targeted to serve 63 h/h with a total population of 320 in the command area
which mostly comprise of small farmers of low income category. The beneficiary farmers are
enthusiastic and committed to abide by the Irrigation Policy 2030 of DOI. Accordingly, they
are willing to contribute labor and cash during construction and operate and maintain the
system after completion.
The project being economically feasible, environmentally sound and socially acceptable, it is
strongly recommended for implementation.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
VOLUME I:
 LOCATION MAP
 SUB-PROJECT LAYOUT MAP
 LAYOUT DIAGRAM
 APPROVAL FORMAT OF DETAILED DESIGN AND COST ESTIMATE
 SALIENT FEATURES
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
 TOC
 ACRONYMS/ABBREVIATION
 LIST OF TABLES
 LIST OF FIGURES
1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................1-9
1.1 BACKGROUND.........................................................................................................................1-9
1.2 CONTEXT OF THE PROJECT..........................................................................................................1-9
1.3 OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF THE PROJECT............................................................................1-10
1.3.1 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT:.........................................................................................................1-10
1.3.2 SCOPE OF THE SUB-PROJECT.................................................................................................1-10
1.3.3 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY..........................................................................................1-11
1.3.3.1 SYSTEM WALK-THROUGH SURVEY.....................................................................................1-11
1.3.3.2 RANKING OF IDENTIFIED PROBLEMS............................................................................................1-11
1.4 SUB-PROJECT AREA............................................................................................................1-11
1.4.1 LOCATION, ACCESSIBILITY AND COMMAND AREA.............................................................................1-11
1.4.2 CLIMATE, TOPOGRAPHY AND SOILS................................................................................................1-11
1.4.3 SETTLEMENTS PATTERN AND POPULATION DISTRIBUTION..................................................................1-12
1.4.4 ETHNICITY AND MIGRATION.........................................................................................................1-12
1.4.5 LAND TENURE AND LAND HOLDING SIZE........................................................................................1-12
1.4.6 OCCUPATION AND LABOR FORCE..................................................................................................1-13
1.4.7 THE LOCAL ECONOMY.................................................................................................................1-13
1.4.8 EXISTING IRRIGATION INFRASTRUCTURES.........................................................................................1-14
1.4.9 ISSUES RELATED TO INFRASTRUCTURE AND INSTITUTIONS...................................................................1-14
2 ENGINEERING.........................................................................................................................2-14
2.1 WATER RESOURCES ASSESSMENT......................................................................................2-14

2.1.1 ASSESSMENT OF FLOWS IN THE SOURCE:........................................................................................2-14
2.1.2 PRESENT WATER UTILIZATION......................................................................................................2-14
2.1.3 CROP WATER REQUIREMENT........................................................................................................2-15
2.1.4 SCHEME WATER BALANCE COMPUTATIONS AND INTERPRETATION.......................................................2-20
2.2 SURVEYS AND INVESTIGATIONS CONDUCTED....................................................................2-20
2.2.1 SURVEYS................................................................................................................................2-20
2.2.2 INVESTIGATION.....................................................................................................................2-22
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3 SYSTEM DESIGN......................................................................................................................2-22
3.1 SIDE INTAKE DESIGN..........................................................................................................3-22

3.2 CANAL SYSTEM DESIGN......................................................................................................3-23
3.3 CANAL STRUCTURE DESIGN................................................................................................3-23
3.4 DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATION..................................................3-23
4 REVIEW OF AGRICULTURE SITUATION....................................................................................4-23
4.1 PRESENT CROPPING PATTERN, USE OF INPUTS, YIELDS AND CROPPING INTENSITY............4-23
4.1.1 CROPPING AREA AND CROPPING INTENSITY.....................................................................................4-24
4.1.2 CROP YIELD AND PRODUCTION.....................................................................................................4-24
4.1.3 PRESENT CROPPING PATTERNS AND CROPPING CALENDAR.................................................................4-24
4.1.4 FARM INPUTS............................................................................................................................4-25
4.1.5 SEED AND FERTILIZER USE............................................................................................................4-25
4.1.6 FARM LABOR USE......................................................................................................................4-25
4.1.7 PRICES OF FARM PRODUCTS AND SEEDS.........................................................................................4-26
4.1.8 FARM INPUTS............................................................................................................................4-26
4.1.9 LABOR WAGES..........................................................................................................................4-27
4.1.10 PRESENT CROP BUDGET AND PRODUCTION VALUE.........................................................................4-27
4.1.11 CROP BUDGET.........................................................................................................................4-27
4.1.12 PRESENT PRODUCTION VALUE....................................................................................................4-27
4.2 PROJECTED CROPPING PATTERN (WITH PROJECT), USE OF INPUTS YIELDS AND CROPPING
INTENSITY..................................................................................................................................4-27
4.2.1 CHANGE IN LAND USE.................................................................................................................4-27
4.2.2 PROPOSED CROPPING AREA AND CROPPING INTENSITY.....................................................................4-28
4.2.3 PROPOSED CROPPING PATTERN....................................................................................................4-28
4.2.4 CROP YIELDS AND PRODUCTION....................................................................................................4-28
4.2.5 AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SUPPORT /SERVICES..................................................................4-30
4.2.6 PROPOSED FARM INPUTS AND LABOR............................................................................................4-34
4.2.7 FUTURE CROP BUDGET................................................................................................................4-34
4.2.8 FUTURE AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION AND VALUE.............................................................................4-35
4.2.9 INPUT USE AND ANTICIPATED CROP YIELDS.....................................................................................4-35
4.3 POTENTIAL OF ACHIEVING THE PROJECTED OUTPUTS........................................................4-35
4.3.1 CHANGE IN LAND USE.................................................................................................................4-35
5 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE.....................................................................................................5-36
5.1 DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTRITICS.........................................................................................5-36

5.1.1 DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY SEX..........................................................................................5-36
5.1.2 DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS HEADS BY AGE GROUP....................................................................5-36
5.1.3 DISTRIBUTION OF SAMPLE POPULATION, LITERACY AND EDUCATION....................................................5-36
5.2 SOCIAL ORGANISATION......................................................................................................5-36
5.3 ECONOMY AND OCCUPATION............................................................................................5-36
5.3.1 OCCUPATION OF THE SAMPLE HOUSEHOLDS...................................................................................5-36
5.3.2 ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION.............................................................................................5-37
5.4 EMPLOYMENT GENERATION..............................................................................................5-37
6 WUA-INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT STATUS........................................................................6-37
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6.1 BENEFICIARIES ORGANIZATION STATUS.............................................................................6-37

6.2 RESOURCE COLLECTION MOBILIZATION AND MANAGEMENT.............................................6-38
6.2.1 MEMBERSHIP CRITERIA AND WATER ALLOCATION............................................................................6-38
6.2.2 CONFLICTS MANAGEMENT...........................................................................................................6-38
6.2.3 RESOURCE MOBILIZATION FOR SYSTEM O&M.................................................................................6-38
6.3 ASSESSMENT OF COOPERATION/ENTHUSIASM AND CONFLICT/CLASHES...........................6-38
6.4 STATUS OF SUPPORT AVAILED FROM OTHER AGENCIES.....................................................6-39
6.5 ASSESSMENT OF TRAINING NEEDS.....................................................................................6-39
6.6 WUA-INSTITUTIONAL PLAN................................................................................................6-40
6.6.1 PROPOSED ORGANIZATIONAL / INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS.........................................................6-40
6.6.1.1 LEVEL OF COOPERATION AND WILLINGNESS TO CONTRIBUTE IN SYSTEM IMPROVEMENT.......................6-40
6.6.2 LEVEL OF COOPERATION AND WILLINGNESS TO CONTRIBUTE IN SYSTEM IMPROVEMENT..........................6-40
6.6.3 POTENTIAL EXTENSION................................................................................................................6-41
6.6.4 SYSTEM MAINTENANCE PLAN.......................................................................................................6-41
7 SUB-PROJECT COST AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS......................................................................7-42
7.1 ANALYSIS OF RATES................................................................................................................7-42

7.2 QUANTITY AND COST ESTIMATES...............................................................................................7-42
7.3 ANALYSIS OF PROJECT COSTS AND BENEFITS.................................................................................7-43
7.3.1 EXPECTED AGRICULTURE BENEFITS................................................................................................7-43
7.3.2 SOCIO ECONOMIC BENEFIT..........................................................................................................7-43
7.3.3 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS..................................................................................................................7-43
7.3.4 BASIC ASSUMPTIONS..................................................................................................................7-43
7.3.5 NET PRESENT VALUE (NPV) AND BENEFIT COST (B/C) RATIO...........................................................7-44
7.3.6 ECONOMICAL INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN......................................................................................7-44
8 IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAMME...........................................................................................8-45
8.1 BASIC CONSIDERATION............................................................................................................8-45

8.2 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE....................................................................................................8-45
9 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS..............................................................................9-46
9.1 CONCLUSIONS........................................................................................................................9-46
9.2 Recommendation................................................................................................................9-46
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ACRONYMS
A Catchment Area, Km²

ADBN Agricultural Development Bank, Nepal
AIC Agriculture Input Corporation
ASC Agricultural Service Centre
B/C Benefit / Cost
CD Dicken's Coefficient
CCA Culturable Command Area
IDSD Far Western Irrigation Development Division
DADO District Agricultural Development Office
DIO District Irrigation Office
DOI Department of Irrigation
D/S Downstream
E0 Evapotranspiration
EIA Environment Impact Assessment
EIRR Economic Internal Rate of Return
ET0 Evaporation
FYM Field Yield Manure
GCA Gross Command Area
HYV High Yield Variety
IEE Initial Environmental Examination
INGO International Non-Governmental Organization
JT Junior Technician
JTA Junior Technical Assistant
K Potassium
MIP Medium Irrigation Project
N Nitrogen
n Rugosity Coefficient
NGO Non-Governmental Organization
NZIDP Narayani Zone Irrigation Development Project
NPV Net Present Value
O&M Operation and Maintenance
P Phosphorus
PDSP Planning and Design Strengthening Project
U/S Upstream
VDC Village Development Committee
WECS Water Energy Commission Secretariat
WUA Water Users' Association
WUG Water Users' Group
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LIST OF TABLE
Table 2.1: Mean Monthly Precipitation.................................................................................2-16

Table 2.2 Monthly Temperature............................................................................................2-17
Table 2.3 Monthly Vapour Pressure.....................................................................................2-18
Table 2.4: Monthly Wind Speed............................................................................................2-18
Table 2.5: Sunshine Hours.....................................................................................................2-19
Table 2.6 80% reliable river flow in lps....................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Table 4.1 Present cropping Areas, Pattern, Yield/Production and cropping calendar...........4-24
Table 4.2 Distribution of Labor days Requirement in Different Crops.................................4-26
Table 4.3 Present inputs used in various crops......................................................................4-26
Table 4.4 Proposed cropping Area, Cropping Intensity, Pattern, Yield/Production.............4-28
Table 4.5 Crop yield in t/ha without and with project...........................................................4-34
Table 4.6 proposed inputs used in various crops...................................................................4-34
Table 5.1 Dominant ethnic groups.........................................................................................5-36
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 4.1 Proposed cropping Pattern.......................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 4.2 Crop Water Requirement......................................................................................4-33
Figure 4.3 Diversion Requirement.........................................................................................4-33
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VOLUME II APPENDICES
Appendix A - Water Resources Assessment

Appendix B - Crop Water Requirements and Water Balance
Computations
Appendix C - Environmental Assessment
Appendix D - Review of Agriculture Situation
Appendix E - Design of Project Components
Appendix F - Project Quantity Estimate
Appendix G - Project Cost Estimate
Appendix H - Rate Analysis
Appendix I - Economic Analysis
Appendix J - Farmers Request Form
Appendix K - Approved District Rate
Appendix L - Project Photographs
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1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
The proposed Aanatoli irrigation Project, Aanatoli GP-2 is located in Aanatoli

Gaunpalika of Dadeldhura district in the Far Western Development Region. The sub-
project is a minor rehabilitation project with a command area of 29 ha located in ward no. 2
of the Aanatoli Gaunpalika. This system was initiated in the past without any formal
organization. Later, they formed their own autonomous project organization as Water
Users Association (WUA) for the project with the responsibility of all aspects of
construction, operation and maintenance as well as water allocation and resolving on-farm
problems and conflicts by themselves.
Presently, the Farmers of the project area make temporary diversion annually to tap the
river water for irrigation which they have to make 3 -4 times a year as the flood washes it
away frequently during monsoon disrupting the system badly. Due to increasing problem in
making temporary diversion during rains and unavailability of required materials at local
level, it is getting difficult for them to manage it at their own and have to suffer with raifed
farming. Therefore, the farmers submitted request forms seeking assistance from the
Irrigation Developmnt Sub-Division to help construct necessary permanent diversion
structures to irrigate about 20 ha of land effectively.
1.2 Context of the Project
The proposed project is as rehab system with temporary earthen bunds which the farmers
have been managing at their own until now. During rains, the flood in the river frequently
sweeps it away. They have to do the works again and again through out the monsoorn
period. In the present context, there is no soil and shrubs available around and farmers are
getting unable to manage the system during monsoon and have to depend mainly on
unreliable rains of monsoon. Thus, the farmers collectively requested the IDSD for support.
Following the screening process of IDSD , this sub-project ranked on priority list and
accordingly, its Detailed Feasibility Study was conducted and with high potentiality it is
recommended for further appraisal and approval for implementation.
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1.3 OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
1.3.1 Objective of the Project:
The overall objective of the project is to provide reliable irrigation facility to 30 ha of the
command area leading to increased agriculture production and farm income of the
beneficiary farmers. Specifically, they are referred as:
- To construct permanent and sustainable irrigation system adopting a

fully participatory approach with the beneficiaries at all stages of the
project development;
- To promote and strengthen Water Users' Association (WUA):
 to develop WUA's institutional and managerial capacity;
 to enable WUAs for effective & sustainable O & M of the

system at their own;
- To support and strengthen farmers' technical skill and know –how for
adoption of improved /appropriate farming technologies; and
- To uplift financial status of the farmers by increasing on- farm income

through increased crop productivity and production.
1.3.2 SCOPE OF THE SUB-PROJECT
To irrigate 20 ha of the command area in Aanatoli Village, the scope of the project consists
of the followings:
Design Discharge 0.036 cumec (Varible for others)

Intake Structure Side Intake
Main Canal Length 0.38 km (max for 0.25km and reduced for
others)
Idle Canal Length 0 km
Canal Section Rectangular
Bed Slope of Canal 0.003
Support /Strengthening of WUA's capability for O&M of the system agricultural
extension & support/Activity to the benefeciaries through on farm improved
technology demenstration and training to be conducted through mobilizing DADO
and other concerned agencies in the area.
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1.3.3 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY
SYSTEM WALK-THROUGH SURVEY
The project area was visited from head to tail with necessary interaction with the
farmers of head, middle and tail reaches. All problems and constraints of the project
area were noted.
Ranking of Identified Problems
The problems and constraints noted during the inventory were prioritized on the basis
of dialogue with the beneficiaries.
All the required agro-economic and socio-technical data were collected during field
visit. Different procedures were used to collect various types of data. Socio economic
data were gathered from Village sources and by conducting group discussions among
the farmers site was measured .Discharge of Dharamdwar and Basini river was found
to be 261 lps respectively . Topographical maps of scale 1:25000 were used for the
assessment of catchment area of the source, types of land and vegetation in the
catchment area and maximum level difference of ground in the catchment area. The
proposed sub-project development plan is prepared considering demands of the
farmers' and site requirements. Some data of agriculture inputs and outputs were
obtained from District Agriculture Development Office (DADO), Agriculture Service
Center (ASC). On the basis of field data, further designs and extrapolations were
carried out using the Planning and Design Strengthening Project (PDSP) manuals and
other textbooks of designs.
1.4 SUB-PROJECT AREA
1.4.1 Location, Accessibility and Command Area
The Side Intake of the project is located in Aanatoli Gaunpalika Ward No.-2 of
Dadeldhura district, Mahakali Zone of Far Western Development Region. The project
area is accessible from Dadeldhura Bazar. The Intake site is at about 90 km from
Dadeldhura, district headquarters of Dadeldhura district. The proposed Side Intake is
about 1.5 km from graveled road linked with Sadani Bazar.
The gross command area of the proposed irrigation sub-project is estimated to be 29

ha. Culturable command area of the sub-project is estimated to be 20 ha which 69%
of gross command area. The command area is Hill Plain type. Ref Index map.
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The command area was measured in the field by traverse survey and was found to be
29 ha. Later it was marked in the topographical maps of scale 1:25000 and the value
thus obtained closely matched with the measured value in the field.
Since the project is rehabilitation type and the location of the existing Intake site is
located at the technically suitable position of external bend, and this existing location
has been devoid of conflict for ages. The proposed main canal longitudinal slope has
been established by trial and error and it was found to be the best alternative. The
command area thus fixed was measured in the field and was found to be as mentioned
earlier, i.e 20 ha.
1.4.2 Climate, Topography and Soils
The command area is influenced by tropical climate zone. Average temperature

ranges from 10.69°C to 24.41°C at Dadeldhura Station (0104) which is close to the
command area. The average altitude of command area is 98 m above mean sea level.
The air temperature of the command area is suitable for cultivating paddy, wheat,
potato, oilseeds, pulses and sugarcane. The average yearly rainfall of the nearest
rainfall station Baitadi Station (0102) is 116.41 mm.
The main canal is a contour canal passing totally through the hill area. The
topography of command area is also sloping terrace.
The soil types seen in the canal alignment are clay loam, loamy, silty loam and gravel
boulder mixed soil. The variation of soil type shows the absence of rock along the
canal alignment and command area.Settlements Pattern and Population Distribution
Total population of the project area is estimated to be distributed in 63 households in

the command area. This data shows the average household size is 5 persons/household.
1.4.3 Ethnicity and Migration
There are various types of ethnic groups in the project area. The dominant ethnic
groups in the sub-project area are Yadav followed by Sah and Pasman. About 20% to
25% of the population goes outside the project area for seasonal employment. So, they
can be said seasonal migrant of the area.
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1.4.4 Land Tenure and Land Holding Size
Total number of households in the command area is 63 no. The average landholding
size is found to be 0.47 ha (=29 ha/63beneficiary HH) Owner – cultivator constitutes
100%.Occupation and Labor Force
Agriculture was reported as the main occupation of about 90 percent of the

economically active population in the study area. About 10 percent are engaged in
wage earning: service holders in various government and private agencies.
Livestock is another major occupation intimately related with the agriculture. The
importance of livestock in the project area is due to the fact that it also provides most of
the draft power requirements, farm yard manure and fuel for bio-gas plants and skins
generating cash income to the farmers.
Animal power is very popular and frequently used for ploughing, harrowing and
puddling with local wooden implements. Almost all the farm households own bullock
pair for the purpose of agricultural cultivation. It is worth mentioning here that the farm
size is positively related with bullock pairs.
Government of Nepal has established a livestock breeding centre in Dadeldhura to

produce high yielding milk animals as well as to supply regular services of artificial
insemination to the local breeds so that the local breeds of animals will be gradually
improved in the following generations.
1.4.5 The Local Economy
The local economy in the sub-project area is characterized by subsistence level

agricultural production. Agriculture is the main occupation. Agricultural practices are
traditional and the farmers mostly grow paddy, wheat, pulses, potato, oilseed and
sugarcane in their fields. The command area is flat land. Livestock production is an
integral part of the farming in the study area. Paddy is the prime agricultural production
for commercial purposes. Other products like wheat, oilseed and potato are consumed
by farmers themselves. The nearest market is at Dadeldhura Bazar is the near market
place for selling the products. Living standard of the most of the farmers of the project
area is poor.
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1.4.6 Existing Irrigation Infrastructures
There is no any irrigation infrastructure in the command area earthen canal and
temporary stone bund which is made by the farmers to divert the water from the river is
washed out annually by flood.
1.4.7 Issues Related to Infrastructure and Institutions
There are no serious issues related to infrastructure. The main demands of farmers are
 Side Intake
 Pipe Distribution
 Cable Crossing
 Canal Lining
There is no serious issue regarding institutional aspects. They had elected formal Water
Users' Committee the WUC has proposed to allocate whole authority to the committee.
This issue was discussed during the meeting and following consensus was attained:
Contribution part will be done by Users' committee
Contractors as per financial rules and regulations of Government of Nepal will execute
structural parts.
2 ENGINEERING
2.1 WATER RESOURCES ASSESSMENT
2.1.1 Assessment of Flows in the Source:
The source of the sub-project is Dharamdwar and Basini River which are perennial and
non-snowfed River. The length of the longest water course is 10 km. It originates from
Mahabharat range. The area falls under hydrological region no. 2 of the regional
hydrograph. The catchment area of the rivers at Side Intake site is about 7.56 km²
measured on 1:25000 topographical map. By field inspection and verification from
July, 2017 14
topo-sheet, the catchment area consists of hilly area having high longitudinal slope
from north to south. The average slope was found to be 1:38. The command area does
not have any forest except some patches of mango and sisam trees. The design
discharge of the river at the proposed intake site is calculated using various methods
and the appropriate value by the technical consideration has been adopted. The adopted
methods for the estimation of high flood discharge are as follows.
 Modified Dickens Method
 Trash Mark Method
 Ryves Formula
 Regional Flood Relationship (WECS, 1990) Method
The design flood adopted for the design is taken as 1898.00 m3/s.
2.1.2 Present Water Utilization
Water resource of River is being utilized primarily for irrigation. However other
use of this river includes drinking water for livestock. There are no other water
diversions within 500 m upstream and downstream of the proposed Side Intake.
Since there are no water abstractions in the nearby vicinity, it has been concluded
that there are no conflicts or potential conflicts, or requirements for agreements on
water sharing.
2.1.3 Crop Water Requirement
 Air Temperature, Rainfall, ETo, Eo and Humidity
Air temperature is taken from Dadeldhura (Station: 0104). Similarly, mean rainfall and
80% reliable rainfall data at Baitadi station (0102) based on 1 in 5 years of
homogeneous rainfall has been taken. Evapotranspiraton (ETo) and Evaporation (Eo) at
Dadeldhura (Station: 0104) estimated in PDSP Manual M-3 have been adopted for the
design. The data of the temperature, rainfall and evapotranspiration are given in Table
2.1, 2.2 , 2.3,2.4 and 2.5 respectively.
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Table 2.1: Mean Monthly Precipitation
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able 2.2 Monthly Temperatures
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Table 2.3 Monthly Vapour Pressure
Table 2.4: Monthly Wind Speed
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Table 2.5: Sunshine Hours
 Crop Coefficient and Irrigation Efficiency
Crop coefficient and Irrigation efficiency for early paddy, main paddy, wheat, pulse,
oilseed and potato are taken from PDSP manual M.3 and are presented in the
Appendix-D, Vol.-II. The various efficiencies of the irrigation system have been
adopted as per the same manual.
Irrigation efficiencies have been taken as follows
Field efficiency for monsoon paddy = 25%
Main canal efficiency =75%
Branch canal efficiency = 80%
 Diversion Water Requirement Computations
Diversion of water is carried out for Paddy-Wheat cropping pattern and presented in
Appendix-D. The command area is loamy sand. The canal has been designed for the
maximum calculated diversion/intake water requirement, which is 10% more than the
July, 2017 19
highest water demand calculated based on the rainfall data of 1 in 5 homogeneous

series, which is 36 l/s.
 Sub Basin Water Balance-Existing Scenario
The sub-project has no U/S and D/S water rights problem. The water balance has been
calculated considering the U/S and D/S water diversion requirements as per the duty of
the proposed subproject. The discharge is measured by float method.
The project area lies in hydrological region 2. For this region this method gives
minimum enveloping curve values of monthly flows, whereas for the computation of
crop water requirement, 80% reliable values are emphasized upon. The minimum
values thus obtained must be considerably less than 80% values. Hence the values
obtained by this method are adopted.
2.1.4 Scheme Water Balance Computations and Interpretation
There is sufficient water to irrigate more than 30 ha of land for monsoon paddy
and other crops according to designed cropping. The design discharge for the canal is
140 LPs.
The Aanatoli Irrigation Project, Parshuram-7 has reliable water availability and
no water right problem.
2.2 SURVEYS AND INVESTIGATIONS CONDUCTED
2.2.1 SURVEYS
Design of project facilities have been made, in principle, on the basis of "Design
manuals for irrigation Projects in Nepal" prepared under Planning and Design
Strengthening Project, 1990 and are given in the Annex-G.
 Topographic Surveys
The topographical survey for the Side Intake work has been done at an interval of
50 m and the survey work of canal has been done at 50 m interval. The contour
interval for the Side Intake, as well as for the command area is 0.50 m.
July, 2017 20
 Command Area Survey
Satellite imagery was used for the preparation of the base maps for the system –
command area perimeter, system layout, and problem spots in the system. Since high-
resolution coverage of the area was posted on Google Earth, the satellite image of the
subproject area was obtained by creating a mosaic of the screen captures in AutoCad.
The high-resolution satellite images permitted identifying the main problems and
bottlenecks in the system, which were subsequently confirmed and further detailed
through field level surveys and investigations. The problems identified were also
discussed and verified with the system users.
 L and X Survey of Canal & Major Structures.
The layout of the system was prepared on the basis of the satellite image, which
clearly shows the canal network. The order of the canal system (main, and branch
canals) was confirmed with the system users. The L-section and X-section of the
canals has been surveyed at the interval of 50 m.
 Soil, Land Use and Agriculture Survey
The subproject area has medium textured soils. Soil texture slightly varies
from clayey loam at head reach to sandy loam in the middle reach moving across the
command area from north to the North. The fertility status of the soil is found to be
poor in major nutrients of Nitrogen, and poor to medium while considering contents of
Phosphorous and Potash and poor in organic matter content (1.44 to 2.18%). The soil
reaction is neutral with pH value ranging from 6.4 to 6.9. The soil characteristics
(texture, drainage, pH etc) in average are judged good for the existing and proposed
crops. To improve the soil fertility organic matter content and nitrogen need to be
increased by using compost about 400 to 250 Kg per Ha and and planting crops in
rotation with legume crops for fixing the nitrozen in the soil from atomosphere
respectively. In addition to this high yielding veriety of crops and full dozes of
fertilizers need to be used as recommended by agri-extension staff in the field.
The project area is mainly dominated by agriculture of the total gross area of40 ha.
The share of cultivated land is 30 ha. A breakdown of existing land use, based on
information collected during field survey from local farmers and key informants, is
presented as below.
July, 2017 21
Gross Command Area (GCA) = 29 ha
Culturable Command Area (CCA) = 20 ha
Nearly 85 % of the GCA covers cultivated land and rest covers grazing land, shrubs
and others. The information collected from the local people showed that most of the
cultivated areas are rainfed.
2.2.2 INVESTIGATION
 Geology of Head work site.
The river Basini and Dharamdwar started right from the Mahabharat range, as and
flows north to North. The rivers flow almost in the Hilly plain at Side Intake site.
Since the river flows throughout in the plain region it has a tendency of changing its
course time to time specially during the period of high flood.
The Side site has been selected at such a place, where it flows completely through
stable and definite banks and straight reaches (about 50 m)
Geological test pits at an interval of ±10 m along the cross-section of river and 50 m
along the axis of river were bored out, in order to investigate in detail the geological
features and properties of the underneath soil strata at the head work site. It was found
that for the entire 1 km length of khola the top 40 cm layer constitutes of black and
white alternate bands of silty sand mixed with grass roots. Below this layer up to 1.25
meter the soil is composed of silty loam sand. Below 1.6 meter the amount of moisture
content increased sub-stantially and the colour of soil strata darken. The bearing
capacity soil at head work site below 1.20 m is 18 t/sq m with angle of response (at
dry slate) 25 - 450.
3 SYSTEM DESIGN
3.1 SIDE INTAKE DESIGN
A Side Intake has been proposed for the headwork for the water diversion to the canal.
The course of drain is confined and banks are stable at the proposed site. The banks at
Side Intake site will be further protected by providing guide bund.
Side Intake
Type : Side Intake
Length : 17 m
July, 2017 22
H/R
Design discharge : 0.036 m3/s
Width : 0.23 m at Head
3.2 CANAL SYSTEM DESIGN
The canal is a Contour canal and bed slope of the canal is maintained 0.003 .The canal
shape is Rectangular). The sections of the main canal are designed for discharge of
0.05 m3/s. Irrigation system consists of main-1, using softwel canal software. Main
irrigation canal starts from intake.
3.3 CANAL STRUCTURE DESIGN
Canal structures will be of plain and/or reinforced concrete depending on the site
conditions. Main structures are Side Intake-2, Main canal-0.3 km,,Cable crossing
-5,Hdpe Pipes used for Distribution..
The sub-project area is partially irrigated area. The soil of the command area has high
permeability value. Existing drainage network in the area is sufficiently efficient.
Hence no further improvement is necessary.
3.4 DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATION
Nepal has a rich but fragile environment and faces a number of physical and human
challenges. Its rugged terrain, young geology, and monsoon climate produce high rates
of runoff, erosion, and sedimentation with frequent floods and landslides. High
population growth combined with high poverty incidence is also causing soil erosion,
deforestation, biodiversity loss, and air and water pollution.
4 REVIEW OF AGRICULTURE SITUATION
The project area covers ward no.2 of Aanatoli Gaunpalika. The number of farm
households is about 63. The average family size in the study area is about 5 persons.
The average land holding size is 0.47 ha per farm household based on net command
area.
July, 2017 23
4.1 PRESENT CROPPING PATTERN, USE OF INPUTS, YIELDS AND

CROPPING INTENSITY
4.1.1 Cropping Area and Cropping Intensity
The main crops grown in the project area are paddy, potato, oilseed, wheat and pulses.
During the rainy season, paddy is grown in almost all of the cultivated land. During
the winter season, the main crop grown is wheat. The cropping intensity for the project
area is about 78% at present. Total area of cropping land is 20 ha during this season.
Cropping area and intensity are given in the Table 4.1. The low cropping area and
intensity is basically attributable to lack of reliable irrigation facilities.
4.1.2 Crop Yield and Production
The annual planted area, unit yield and production of major crops in the project area
were estimated from the agricultural statistics in the Dadeldhura District and the farm
survey. The unit yield of major crops remains very low not only due to shortage of
irrigation water but also due to insufficient agricultural inputs and traditional farming
practices. Moderate yield level of crops can be attributed to the following overall
factors.
- Shortage of water due to lack of irrigation facilities
- Inadequate supply and low level a pplication of inputs,
particularly improved inputs
- Degeneration of seed stock
- Delayed planting of crops
- Lack of appropriate intervention and acceptance of improved
production technology
- Inadequate market facilities
4.1.3 Present Cropping Patterns and Cropping Calendar
The cropping pattern and cropping calendar with cropping area and yields for the
project area is shown in the Table 4.1 below:
Table 4.1 Present cropping Areas, Pattern, Yield/Production and cropping calendar
Crop Area = 20 ha.
July, 2017 24
Production Planting Harvest

Crop Area(ha) %CCA Yield(t/ha)
000(Kg) time time
Paddy (Local) 14 68.0 2.40 40.8 2-Jun 1-Nov
Wheat 3 12.0 1.70 5.1 1-Dec 1-Mar
S Maize 1 4.0 1.60 1.6 1-Mar 1-Jun
Winter 2-Nov 2-Feb
Vegetable 2 8.0 4.00 8
W Pulses 1 2.0 0.50 0.25 2-Dec 2-Mar
Potato 1.0 4.0 6.20 6.2 2-Nov 1-Apr
Cropping Intensity: 78 %
4.1.4 Farm Inputs
The principal inputs used in the fields in the project area are human labor, draft animal
power, seeds, chemical fertilizer, farm yard manure and agro-chemicals.
4.1.5 Seed and Fertilizer Use
Majority of the farmers of the project area use local seeds and few farmers use
improved seeds. The main source of the seeds is farmers' own stock. Farmers get seed
from AIC and co-operatives but they use their own seed because seeds of AIC and co-
operatives are costly and not reliable according to the farmers. The farmers of the
project area use fertilizer mainly on paddy and wheat crops.
4.1.6 Farm Labor Use
Since the existing cropping system is traditional one, no improved practices and agri.
tools and implements are used by the farmers.
Present and estimated labor requirements based on the present and proposed cropping
pattern with improved agricultural practices in the command area is given in Table 4.2
below:
C.C.A. = 20 Ha.
Area (ha) Labor days/ha Labor days requirement
Crop
Present Future Present Future Present Future
M Paddy 14 21 110 115 1870 2875
Wheat 3 15 55 60 165 750
S Maize 1 1 190 200 190 150
Winter Vegetables 2 6 50 65 100 325
W Pulses 1 2 180 180 90 315
Potato 1 6 50 65 50 325
Total 25 50 635 685 2465 4740
Present Cropping Intensity = 72%
Future Cropping Intensity = 170%
July, 2017 25
Table 4.2 Distribution of Labor days Requirement in Different Crops
4.1.1 Prices of Farm Products and Seeds
The information regarding to the prices of inputs and agricultural products were
collected at the various marketing outlets within the district and also from AIC.
The project area is historically a surplus area of agricultural products. The crops
produced by the farmers are mainly sold/bought in their own villages and/or local
markets. However, wholesale marketing is done in Dadeldhura. Paddy is the prime
product to be marketed, while other products such as wheat, pulse and oilseeds are
marketed in lesser quantity and are mainly consumed internally by the farmers.
4.1.2 Farm Inputs
Detail information on inputs used in different crops is presented in the table below:.
Table 4.3 Present inputs used in various crops

Seed Chemical Fertilizer, Kg/ha Pesticides Labour
Crop
Kg/ha N P K Nrs/ha md/ha
Paddy (HYV) 30 20 10 0 100 @5%
Wheat 120 30 20 10 200 @5%
S Maize 25 10 5 0 90 @5%
Winter
Vegetable 12 80 50 10 200 @5%
W Pulses 27 10 5 0 130 @5%
July, 2017 26
Potato 2000 50 20 0 200 @5%
4.1.3 Labor Wages
The farm survey indicated that hiring labor cost is at NRs. 525.00 per day. It is also
indicated that the price of draft-animals is NRs. 500 for pair of bullocks.
4.1.4 Present Crop Budget and Production Value
4.1.5 Crop Budget
Gross income, production costs and the profit of major crops per ha in the project area
under the present condition were estimated from the results of the field survey and also
as available from DADO in the district. The gross income was calculated from the
farm-gate price and the average yield of each crop, under partially-irrigated and non-
irrigated conditions. The production cost of each crop was estimated on the basis of
input quantity and labor cost under the present condition.
4.1.6 Present Production Value
The total crop production value and total net profit value were estimated from the
cropped area, gross income and net return per ha.
The present crop production net profit value is NRs 182,064.57 per year
4.2 PROJECTED CROPPING PATTERN (WITH PROJECT), USE OF INPUTS

YIELDS AND CROPPING INTENSITY
4.2.1 Change in Land Use
The provision of irrigation water and introduction of improved technology by the

project will not basically cause the change of the land use pattern, but will raise the
cropping intensity.
The monsoon paddy will remain as the main crop in the rainy season. With the
completion of the project, all the paddy fields in the project area will be fully
irrigated and more intensive use of the farmland will be realized. Besides, there will
be increase in the spring paddy area.
July, 2017 27
4.2.2 Proposed Cropping Area and Cropping Intensity
Proposed cropping area will increase up to 20 ha, due to construction of permanent

intake and canal structures. Proposed Cropping Intensity is estimated to be 170 % in
the project area.
4.2.3 Proposed Cropping Pattern
For the design of future cropping pattern, the preparation was made in due
consideration of the factors such as climate, agronomic conditions including
availability of irrigation water, present cropping pattern and farm practices, socio-
economic conditions, farmers preferences, market limitations and prices, present
and future availability of agricultural inputs.
With an assured water supply, improved farm management, with adequate supply
of inputs, use of HYV seeds and improved agricultural extension services, the crops
yield are projected to increase over years. It is also expected that with assured
irrigation water, the farmers would not hesitate to apply fertilizer in recommended
doses to get project yields.
Experimental results obtained from agricultural stations and the irrigated area as
well as farmers' preferences, climate, agronomic conditions and marketability of
agricultural products etc. have been duly considered while projecting the future
yields of crops.
4.2.4 Crop Yields and Production
After construction of the project facilities, the crop yields would gradually increase
from the present level to the target level and stabilize after the completion of the
project facilities. To achieve the targeted yields, optimum application of farm inputs
as well as effective water management is required.
Total agricultural production in the project area with and without project conditions
is estimated by multiplying the target unit yield and cultivation area of the proposed
crops and given in Table 4.4 below:
Table 4.4 Proposed cropping Area, Cropping Intensity, Pattern, Yield/Production

Production Planting Harvest
Crop Area(ha) %CCA Yield(t/ha)
000(Kg) time time
Paddy (Local) 21 100.0 3.50 87.50 2-Jun 1-Nov
Wheat 15 50.0 2.50 31.25 1-Dec 2-Mar
July, 2017 28
S Maize 1 3.0 3.00 2.25 1-Mar 1-Jun

Winter 2-Nov 2-Feb
Vegetable 6 20.0 8.00 40.00
W Pulses 2 7.0 1.50 2.63 2-Dec 2-Mar
Potato 6 20.0 10.20 51.00 2-Nov 1-Apr
Cropping Intensity: 200 %
Table 4.5 Estimated Future Inputs

Crop
Paddy (HYV) 30 80 40 20 200 @5%
Wheat 120 80 40 20 225 @5%
S Maize 25 20 20 10 240 @5%
Winter
Vegetable 12 30 50 40 280 @5%
W Pulses 27 20 20 10 240 @5%
Potato 2000 25 50 30 400 @5%
July, 2017 29
4.2.5 Agricultural Extension Support /services
In view of realizing above benefits upon availability of reliable irrigation facilities, the target
farm beneficiaries will be availed Agricultural Extension support /services (AES) on - farm as
follows:
 Training on improved Agricultural package and practices:

The beneficiary farmers within the command area will be rendered skill based on-farm
training on improved farming practices and marketing. Training will be rendered to
farmers forming a group not exceeding 25 in a batch. The WUA will be selecting the
progressive farmers consisting of at least 50% women farmers who are engaged in
their own farming. The training will be designed as per the needs and problems of the
farmers in a fully participatory approach and will be conducted on-farm during the
cropping season. The expertise of DADO and the concerning Agricultural Services
Centers (ASCs) will be obtained as per the needs.
 Demonstrations:
On-farm demonstrations of improved farming technologies will be done crop wise will
full participation of the farmers. Basically, it will be designed in a fully participatory
approach with the farmers addressing their needs and problems. It will be mainly
focused on appropriate use of chemical fertilizers, use of FYM/compost and green
manuring, effective use of irrigation in crop farming, improved cultural practices in
crops farming, appropriate crop protection practices including organic pest
management and others on-farm regarding as per the needs. The IDSD will draw upon
the technical resources and expertise of the DADO and the concerned ASCs.
 Group Organization /Strengthening /Institutionalization:
The activities will be organized in the existing Water Users' Groups with support of
the Water Users' Associations (WUAs). For group strengthening, they will be rendered
appropriate training and capability strengthening supports and help institutionalize
towards sustainability.
 Farmers Fair/Exhibitions and Crop competitions:
A learning environment from farmers to farmers will be promoted on-farm through

organizing farm to farm visits during crop seasons and also organizing farm fair and
exhibitions of their farm products in a competitive way. The exhibited farm products
will be evaluated by independent experts and the outstanding producers will be
rewarded with media dissemination and publicity for the benefit of all others in the
area.
July, 2017 30
 Integration /Linkages Approach:
Towards enhancing access of the beneficiaries farmers of the command area to the
concerned institutions /organizations and obtain necessary supports /services when
needed, joint interaction sessions with the concerned technical and financial
institutions will be organized on-farm to help solve existing and emerging problems of
the farmers. Also, the farmers will be guided as to how to solicit their technical and
financial services in their needs so as to help them adopt improved irrigated farming
practices and benefit. The flow diagram indicating integration/linkages within the
existing district level stakeholders is presented on the following page:
July, 2017 31
Inter-Agency Integration /Linkages

District Level
Financial IDD/IDSD
Institution DADO
Agriculture Inputs & Marketing Federation of

Services Agencies Irrigation Water ASC
Users Association
WUA
Water User Farmer Groups
Beneficiary Farmers
July, 2017 32
Figure 4.2 Crop Water Requirement
Figure 4.3 Diversion Requirement
The targeted unit yields of the proposed crops under "without project" and "with
project" conditions are compared in the Table 4.5 below:
July, 2017 33
Table 4.5 Crop yield in t/ha without and with project
Without
S.N. Crops With Project Increment
project
1 Paddy (HYV) 2.4 4 1.6
2 Wheat 1.7 3 1.3
3 S Maize 1.6 3.0 1.4
4 Winter Vegetables 4 8 4
5 W Pulses 0.5 1.5 1.0
6 Potato 6.2 10.2 4.0
4.2.6 Proposed Farm Inputs and Labor
To achieve the targeted yields, optimum application of farm inputs and labor are
required. The organic matter content of the soil is very low. So to motuivate farmers,
on-farm demonstrations and training on green manuring crops in the crop rotation
system after the project to supply organic matter and other nutrients wopuld be
conducted in close integration with the DADO/ASC in the project area. Similarly,
legume crops such as gram, lentil, moong and arhar should also be managed in the
cropping pattern to maximize the nitrogen availability in the soil from the atmospheric
nitrogen.
Table 4.6 Proposed inputs used in various crops

Crop
Paddy (HYV) 30 80 40 20 250 @5%
Wheat 120 80 40 20 225 @5%
Sugarcane 5000 50 30 20 280 @5%
Pulse/Oilseeds 27 20 20 10 240 @5%
Winter
Vegetable 12 30 50 40 280 @5%
Potato 2000 25 50 30 400 @
4.2.7 Future Crop Budget
As assured irrigation facilities would ensure the farmers timely cultivation and use of
complementary inputs, the productivity and production of crops would increase
rapidly. The cropping intensity and land use pattern would be expected to be changed
positively. Gross income, production costs and the profit of major crops per ha in the
project area under the future condition were estimated from the results of the field
survey and various information. The gross income was calculated from the farm- gate
July, 2017 34
price and the average anticipated yield of each crop, under fully-irrigated and non-
irrigated conditions. The production cost of each crop was estimated on the basis of
input quantity and labor cost under the future conditions
4.2.8 Future Agriculture Production and Value
The future agriculture production in the project area with and without project
conditions is estimated by multiplying the target unit yield and cultivation area of the
proposed crops. Future Agriculture Production value of the project is estimated to be
NRs 2,439,206.27 .
4.2.9 Input Use and Anticipated Crop Yields
The agricultural service centre located in some VDC provides technical support to the
farmers. Junior Technician (JT) and Junior Technical Assistant (JTA) transfer the
improved technologies of farming generated in the research centers. Farmers are
trained by these technicians and will be continued for this type of support in future.
4.3 POTENTIAL OF ACHIEVING THE PROJECTED OUTPUTS
4.3.1 Change in Land Use
The provision of irrigation water and introduction of improved technology by the

project will not basically cause the change of the land use pattern, but will raise the
cropping intensity.
As almost all the farmland to be covered by the project are the existing paddy fields,
no significant change in the type of crops to be planted will occur even in the future,
and paddy will remain as the main crop in the rainy season. With the completion of the
project, all the paddy fields in the project area will be fully irrigated and more
intensive use of the farmland will be realized.
July, 2017 35
5 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE
5.1 DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTRITICS
Population:
Total population of the project area is estimated to be 320 distributed in 63 households

in the command area. This data shows the average household size is 5
persons/household. The population distribution in the sub-project area is given in
Table 5.1.
Table 5.1 Dominant ethnic groups
5.1.1 Distribution of Households by Sex
The total population of the project area consists of 48% male and 52% female which
indicates that the proportion of female is slightly more than that of male.
5.1.2 Distribution of Households Heads by Age Group
Not Available
5.1.3 Distribution of Sample Population, Literacy and Education
Not available
5.2 SOCIAL ORGANISATION
For construction, management, operation and maintenance of the Aanatoli Irrigation

Project, Aanatoli GP-2 which commands an area of 20 ha in this village, the farmers
themselves have organized a formal Water Users' Association (WUA). There are 9
members in the committee, including chairman, vice- chairman, secretary and
treasurer. They have already deposited a sum required as per Irrigation Policy at the
rate of Rs. 50/ha. The WUA has given a written commitment to implement according
to Irrigation Policy.
5.3 ECONOMY AND OCCUPATION
5.3.1 Occupation of the Sample Households
There are all together about 63 households in the command area, having population of
320. The major occupation of households is agriculture. Some of the members of these
July, 2017 36
households work as daily labor at different places. About 20% to 25% of people go
outside the project area for the seasonal employment and 5% of population is found to
be migrating to the project area.
5.3.2 Economically Active Population
There is no accurate data available, because some of the labor force works outside the
village and even abroad.
5.4 EMPLOYMENT GENERATION
There are all together about 63 households in the command area, having population
of 320. The major occupation of households is agriculture. Some of the members of
these households work as daily labor at different places. About 20% to 25% of people
go outside the project area for the seasonal employment and 5% of population is
found to be migrating to the project area
6 WUA-INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT STATUS
6.1 BENEFICIARIES ORGANIZATION STATUS
The main objective of sub-project implementation under Medium Irrigation Project

(MIP) is not only to construct an irrigation system considering the farmers' demand,
but also to make the beneficiaries fully capable for operation & maintenance (O&M)
of the system in the future. To achieve these goal farmers should be involved in the
subproject activities from the beginning. A WUA has been established by the formal
election, registered in Irrigation Development Sub-Division office Dadeldhura. Before
the implementation of sub-project, memorandum of agreement will be signed by IDSD
and WUA. WUA's representatives will be trained for O&M of the system and for
agricultural extension program.
There is already existing formal water users' association in the project area. At present,
they have formed a Water User's Association and registered in Irrigation Development
Sub-Division, Dadeldhura. They have some rules and regulations for the management
of the project. According to their rules and regulations, every user, who owns land in
the command area has rights to be a member of WUA.
Existing canal system which is not in good condition and thus incapable to carry the
water discharge to irrigate the proposed command area, can't provide reliable and
July, 2017 37
adequate irrigation facility in the command area. After construction of the project,
water allocation rules and regulations will be decided.
6.2 RESOURCE COLLECTION MOBILIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
6.2.1 Membership Criteria and Water Allocation
There is already existing formal water users' association in the project area. At present,
they have formed a Water User's Association and registered in Irrigation Development
Division. They have some rules and regulations for the management of the project.
According to their rules and regulations, every user, who owns land in the command
area, has rights to be a member of WUA.
Existing canal system which is not in good condition and thus incapable to carry the
water discharge to irrigate the proposed command area, can't provide reliable and
adequate irrigation facility in the command area. After construction of the project,
water allocation rules and regulations will be decided.
6.2.2 Conflicts Management
As there is a formal water users' association (WUA) which is capable to solve the
conflicts among the farmers, there is no conflict at present. But during the discussion
with the farmers it was found that the normal trend to resolve any other type of
conflict in the area is generally through the social norms. All of the people in the
project area are on the support of the project.
6.2.3 Resource Mobilization for System O&M
The farmers are prepared to contribute resources for the implementation of the
construction works according to MIP criteria and Irrigation Policy, 2025. The farmers
have negotiated a written agreement regarding the terms and conditions of assistance
to be provided by the government. Farmers have formed a WUA that will participate
in sub-project planning and construction and will be fully responsible for O&M of the
scheme after commissioning as mentioned before.
6.3 ASSESSMENT OF COOPERATION/ENTHUSIASM AND

CONFLICT/CLASHES
As there is a formal water users' association (WUA) which is capable to solve the
conflicts among the farmers, there is no conflict at present. But during the discussion
July, 2017 38
with the farmers it was found that the normal trend to resolve any other type of
conflict in the area is generally through the social norms. All of the people in the
project area are on the support of the project.
6.4 STATUS OF SUPPORT AVAILED FROM OTHER AGENCIES
Following government organizations are involved directly or indirectly in the

agricultural support services for increasing productivity and improving the living
standard of the farmers.
- District Agriculture Development Office (DADO)

- Agriculture Inputs Corporation (AIC)
- Far Western Irrigation Development Division No.1 (IDSD)
- Agriculture Development Bank, Nepal (ADBN)
These organizations are interlinked to each other to cooperate with other farmers.
6.5 ASSESSMENT OF TRAINING NEEDS
After completion of the construction work WUA will operate and maintain the system.
The IDSD will provide necessary training for strengthening and development of
institutional capacity of the WUA
Training is to be given to the beneficiaries in the following areas:

- Construction supervision
- Water management and irrigated agriculture
- Resource mobilization
- O&M of the system
- Institutional Strengthening/Capability Building
- Benefit monitoring
- Conflict resolution
- Women’s participation etc.
July, 2017 39
6.6 WUA-INSTITUTIONAL PLAN
6.6.1 Proposed Organizational / Institutional Arrangements
The irrigation office and Water Users' Association are major institutions involved
from the 1st stage of the development of the Aanatoli Irrigation Project. The WUA has
been involved from survey and design stage of the project. After approval of the
project from DOI and tendering, WUA will form a construction sub-committee, which
will look after the construction of the system together with irrigation officials.
After completion of the construction work WUA will operate and maintain the system.
The IDSD -1 will provide necessary training for strengthening and development of
institutional capacity of the WUA.
Level of Cooperation and Willingness to Contribute in System Improvement
Farmers have presented their willingness to cooperate at all stages of the project
development. They are committed to contribute for;
- Land without cost for the construction of canal network;

- Contribute acc to irr. policy of estimated cost in the form of labor or
cash;
- Operate and maintain the system after completion
6.6.2 Level of Cooperation and Willingness to Contribute in System

Improvement
Farmers have presented their willingness to cooperate at all stages of the project
development. They are committed to contribute for;
- Land without cost for the construction of canal network;

- Contribute acc to irr. policy of estimated cost in the form of labor or
cash;
- Operate and maintain the system after completion.External Support
Post construction supports are extension services, credit, agriculture inputs, post
harvest facilities and marketing, which should be provided by different line agencies at
proper time.
July, 2017 40
6.6.3 Potential Extension
DADO, a district office of the Department of Agriculture Development is located in

the district headquarter, Mahakali and is responsible for the extension of cereal crops,
cash crops and vegetables.
6.6.4 System Maintenance Plan
The WUA will make a maintenance plan in close assistance from IDSD , which covers
- rules and regulation for system maintenance
- implementation of rules and regulation effectively
- penalizing system for water users who do not comply with the rules
and regulations
- plan for monitoring its maintenance program properly
Maintenance work will be classified into three categories:
i) Regular maintenance
ii) Routine maintenance
iii) Emergency maintenance
The WUA will prepare annual maintenance program based on the following tasks.
i) Identification of maintenance need

ii) Identification and Provision of needed resources for carrying out the
maintenance
iii) Timing or schedule of various maintenance activities
iv) Keeping records of maintenance including labor mobilization of
members
v) Regular review of improvement of rules and regulations
vi) Penalties for violation of rules and regulations
vii) Arrangement of required tools and equipment
The actual system maintenance plan will be made and enforced after first irrigation in
the command area.
July, 2017 41
7 SUB-PROJECT COST AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
7.1 Analysis of Rates
The analysis of rates includes,

- analysis of transportation cost,
- analysis of material cost,
- analysis of labor cost,
- Taxes
- Availability of materials
- Others
The material and labor costs for F.Y.2074/075 is obtained from District
Development Committee's Technical Office, Mahakali.
7.2 Quantity and Cost Estimates
The quantity estimate is based on shape and size of designed structures and canals.
Quantities for canals have been calculated from cross-sections. Total project cost is
estimated to be NRs. 15,256,086.80 including overhead, contingencies and farmer
contribution cost. Cost per hectare is estimated to be NRs 762,805.00
July, 2017 42
7.3 Analysis of Project Costs and Benefits
7.3.1 Expected Agriculture Benefits
Agricultural, Socio-Economic and Environmental benefits would be realized as a

result of the implementation of this irrigation project. The productivity and production
would be increased in fast pace with the project because of assured irrigation facilities.
 Without Project Implementation
Change in yields or crops would be envisaged due to change in the use of

inputs and experiences of the farmers over years. However, changes in
cropping pattern and cropping intensity would be insignificant.
 With Project Implementation
Assured irrigation facilities would ensure the farmers both for timely
cultivation and use of complementary inputs. Thus, the productivity and
production of crops would increase rapidly.
7.3.2 Socio Economic Benefit
Because of irrigation facilities, the farm production on an average will increase

and employment opportunities particularly during project construction period
will be generated both for farmers and agricultural labors. They will be able to
benefit and increase non-farm income.
7.3.3 Economic Analysis
7.3.4 Basic Assumptions
The following assumptions have been made for performing the economic
analysis of this project.
- The economical project cost is derived by multiplying financial

cost (excluding taxes) by a conversion factor of 0.95 and O&M
financial cost by 0.90.
- The BCR values have been computed for 10% and 12%
discount rates.
- The construction period of the project is 3 year.
- The life span of the project is 25 years from the year of the
completion of construction.
July, 2017 43
- Of the total capital cost 2 % budget will be allocated within one

year, 25% of 2nd year, and 23 % of 12th year.
- The project is estimated to incur an annual operation and
maintenance (O&M) cost at the rate of 2 % annually of the
capital cost after the completion of the project.
- 40 % benefit will start from 1st year of the completion of the
project and 100% in the subsequent years after the completion
of the project. So full agricultural benefit will be realized from
4th year after project completion.
7.3.5 Net Present Value (NPV) and Benefit Cost (B/C) Ratio
In order to determine economic feasibility of the project discounted cash flow

method is used. Present worth benefit cost ratio at different discount rate and
Economical Internal Rate of Return (EIRR) is determined.
7.3.6 Economical Internal Rate of Return
The EIRR calculation revealed that the EIRR value is 13.32% and BCR at 10%
and 12% discount rate are 1.26 and 1.10 respectively.
Sensitvity Analysis
BCR at BCR at
S.N. Description 10% 12% EIRR Remarks
I Normal 1.30 1.14 13.32%
II Cost increase by 15% 1.10 0.96 10.79%
Benfit decrease by
III 15% 1.08 0.94 10.36%
IV Cost increase by 15%
and Benefit decrease 0.94 1.00 8.33%
by 15%
July, 2017 44
8 IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAMME
8.1 Basic Consideration
The project works comprise the following major components
 Construction of Side Intake.

 Construction of Cable Crossing
 Construction of Chambers
 Construction of Lining Work
 Laying of Pipe Work
These works will be independently but simultaneously executed. The implementation

plan for the project, accordingly, has been worked out on the basis of following basic
assumptions.
i) The construction of the irrigation system/distribution system will be

constructed simultaneously during the construction of Side Intake in
order to obtain project benefits as early as possible..
ii) The construction works will be undertaken in contract basis and also by
WUA.
8.2 Implementation Schedule
 The survey and detailed design works, drawings and cost estimate have
been completed.
 Immediately after approval of cost estimate tendering will be
commenced.
 The construction works will be completed within one year.
 The WUA training program will be carried out simultaneously.
 The project will be handed over to WUA for operation and maintenance
(O&M) as per irrigation policy after completion.
July, 2017 45
9 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
9.1 Conclusions
The Aanatoli Irrigation Project, Aanatoli GP-2 is a minor rehabilitation project having
perennial type of river source. The project is technically viable. The results of
economic analysis revealed that the project is feasible. The structures are designed in
such a way that locally available materials can be used. Farmer's enthusiastic response
towards the project implementation ensures that the project beneficiaries are both
eager and capable of managing the system in future.
9.2 Recommendation
During the present hardship of low economic status, it is essential to bring more area
under irrigation to grow more food thereby economically uplifting living standard of
people in the area. Based on the conclusions drawn, the Aanatoli Irrigation Project,
Aanatoli GP-7 is strongly recommended for immediate implementation.
July, 2017 46

Detail Report Aanatoli IP Final

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Medium Irrigation Project Detailed Feasibility Study Report,

(MIP) Aanatoli Irrigation Project,Aanatoli GP-2, Dadeldhura

2.1 WATER RESOURCES ASSESSMENT......................................................................................2-14

3.1 SIDE INTAKE DESIGN..........................................................................................................3-22

4 REVIEW OF AGRICULTURE SITUATION....................................................................................4-23

5.1 DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTRITICS.........................................................................................5-36

6 WUA-INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT STATUS........................................................................6-37

6.1 BENEFICIARIES ORGANIZATION STATUS.............................................................................6-37

7 SUB-PROJECT COST AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS......................................................................7-42

7.1 ANALYSIS OF RATES................................................................................................................7-42

8.1 BASIC CONSIDERATION............................................................................................................8-45

9 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS..............................................................................9-46

A Catchment Area, Km²

Table 2.1: Mean Monthly Precipitation.................................................................................2-16

Figure 4.1 Proposed cropping Pattern.......................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

Appendix A - Water Resources Assessment

The proposed Aanatoli irrigation Project, Aanatoli GP-2 is located in Aanatoli

1.2 Context of the Project

1.3 OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

1.3.1 Objective of the Project:

- To construct permanent and sustainable irrigation system adopting a

- To promote and strengthen Water Users' Association (WUA):

 to develop WUA's institutional and managerial capacity;

 to enable WUAs for effective & sustainable O & M of the

- To uplift financial status of the farmers by increasing on- farm income

1.3.2 SCOPE OF THE SUB-PROJECT

Design Discharge 0.036 cumec (Varible for others)

1.3.3 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY

SYSTEM WALK-THROUGH SURVEY

Ranking of Identified Problems

1.4 SUB-PROJECT AREA

1.4.1 Location, Accessibility and Command Area

The gross command area of the proposed irrigation sub-project is estimated to be 29

1.4.2 Climate, Topography and Soils

The command area is influenced by tropical climate zone. Average temperature

Total population of the project area is estimated to be distributed in 63 households in

1.4.3 Ethnicity and Migration

1.4.4 Land Tenure and Land Holding Size

Agriculture was reported as the main occupation of about 90 percent of the

Government of Nepal has established a livestock breeding centre in Dadeldhura to

1.4.5 The Local Economy

The local economy in the sub-project area is characterized by subsistence level

1.4.6 Existing Irrigation Infrastructures

1.4.7 Issues Related to Infrastructure and Institutions

Contribution part will be done by Users' committee

2.1 WATER RESOURCES ASSESSMENT

2.1.1 Assessment of Flows in the Source:

 Modified Dickens Method

 Trash Mark Method

 Regional Flood Relationship (WECS, 1990) Method

2.1.2 Present Water Utilization

2.1.3 Crop Water Requirement

 Air Temperature, Rainfall, ETo, Eo and Humidity

Table 2.1: Mean Monthly Precipitation

able 2.2 Monthly Temperatures

Table 2.3 Monthly Vapour Pressure

Table 2.4: Monthly Wind Speed

Table 2.5: Sunshine Hours

 Crop Coefficient and Irrigation Efficiency

Irrigation efficiencies have been taken as follows

Field efficiency for monsoon paddy = 25%

Main canal efficiency =75%

Branch canal efficiency = 80%