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AC – TRACTION MANUAL
Volume – 3
May 2015
AC Traction Manual
for
Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited
(Volume 3)
Chapter Page
Subject
Number No.
00 Abbreviations
Principles for Layout Plans and Sectioning for 25 kV
01 01
AC Traction
ABBREVIATIONS
AC Alternating Current
ACA Anti Creep Anchor
ACC Anti Creep Centre
AFC Automatic Fare Collection
AFP Active Fire Protection
AIS Air Insulated Substation
AMS Auxiliary Main Station
ANSI American National Standards Institute
AQL Acceptable Quality Level
ASS Auxiliary Sub Station
AT Auxiliary Transformer
ATCB Auxiliary Transformer Circuit Breaker
ATD Automatic Tensioning Device
ATO Automatic Train Operation
ATP Automatic Train Protection
BC Bus Coupler
BCU Bay Control Unit
BDV Breakdown Voltage
BEC Buried Earth Conductor
BFB Broad Flange Beam
BFR Bogie Flat Rail Carrying Wagon
BG Broad Gauge
BIS Bureau of Indian Standards
BIT Bridging Interrupter
BLS Blue Light Station
BM Main Line Interrupter
BS Siding/Yard Interrupter
BRPL BSES Rajdhani Power Limited
BT Booster Transformer/ Bracket Tube
BWA Balance Weight Assembly
BYPL BSES Yamuna Power Limited
C&M Control & Monitoring
CAD Computer Aided Design
CB Circuit Breaker
CBCT Core Balance Current Transformer
CBTC Communication Based Train Control
CCITT The International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative
Committee
CCV Catenary Continuous Vulcanization
CEA Central Electricity Authority
CFL Compact Fluorescent Lamp
APPENDIX – I
1. Introduction
2. Special Features of Flexible OHE System
3. Definitions Used in Flexible OHE
4. Electrical Clearances
5. Wind Pressure
6. Temperature in NCR Region
7. Humidity
8. Spans
9. Masts, Portals and Foundations in Flexible OHE
10. Contact Wire Height
11. Stagger
12. Encumbrance in Flexible OHE
13. Droppers in Flexible OHE
14. Section Insulators
15. Arrangement of Jumpers
16. Tension Lengths
17. Location of overlap
18. Neutral Sections
19. Points and Crossings
20. Arrangement of Masts
21. Setting of masts
22. Tramway type overhead equipment
23. Booster Transformers
24. Return Conductors
25. Sectioning Arrangement
26. Numbering of OHE Masts
27. Numbering of Equipment
28. Introduction to Rigid OCS
29. Description of Rigid OCS
30. Electrical Clearances for Rigid OCS
31. Basic Design Consideration for Rigid OCS
APPENDIX - I
1. Introduction
1.2 The fundamental aim of design of overhead equipment is to install all the
contact wire at the requisite height and to keep it within the working range
of the pantograph under all circumstances.
1.3 In this chapter, the basic design principles for both flexible OHE & Rigid
OCS have been briefly touched.
2.7 Droppers
Droppers made of 12 mm2 tin bronze flexible cables with crimped
terminals are used instead of eye and loop arrangement of Indian
Railways. These give better current collection with precise pre-sag
adjustment and reduced risk of breakage.
2.9 Jumpers
Copper cable jumpers with crimped connections are used.
2.11 Bonding
Due to erection of OHE on viaduct, elaborate bonding & earthing system
different from Indian Railways System is being followed.
The technical and other terms used in this book, shall have the same meaning as
defined in General Rules, 2013, unless, there is anything repugnant to the
subject or context:
3.1 Bond
‘Bond’ means an electrical connection between two or more conductors of
non-current carrying metallic parts of traction masts or structures or
supports and rails.
3.5 Earth
It is a connection to the general mass of earth by means of an earth
electrode. An object is said to be ‘earthed’ when it is electrically
connected to an earth electrode, and the object is said to be ‘solidly
earthed’ when it is electrically connected to an earth electrode without
intentional addition of resistance or impedance in the earth connection.
The resistance of the earth electrode shall not exceed 10 Ohm.
3.7 Impedance-bond
It is a bond, installed by the Signal and Telecommunication Department,
which provides a low impedance path for the traction return current and a
relatively high impedance path for track circuit current.
3.16 S bond
It allows separating two adjacent track circuits and is arranged in two
symmetric equivalent configurations.
i. Adjustable Stay tube with an adjuster at the end to keep the Bracket
tube in position. It is insulated from mast by stay arm insulator.
ii. Bracket tube is insulated by bracket insulator. Catenary is supported
from this member by catenary suspension clamp.
iii. Register Arm tube is used to register the contact wire in the desired
position with the help of steady arm.
iv. Steady arm tube is used to register the contact wire to the required
stagger and to take the push up of contact wire. It is always in tension.
3.22 Crossings
It is electrically live member/conductor passing over another electrically
live member/conductor, without physical contact.
3.25 Encumbrance
It is an axial distance on vertical plane between the catenary and the
contact wire at support.
3.27 Feeder
It is a conductor connecting substation with feeding post or feeding post
with the OHE.
3.29 Jumper
It is a conductor or an arrangement of conductors for electrical continuity
not under tension, which forms electrical connection between two
conductors or equipment.
3.30 Mast
A single vertical post embedded in the foundation/bolted on the
foundation base or otherwise rigidly fixed in vertical position to support the
overhead equipment with cantilever assembly. It may be made of rolled
section or fabricated. The uprights of portals and TTCs are also called
mast.
3.34 Overlap
An arrangement of overhead equipment over a track where two sets of
traction conductors run parallel to each other for short distance over
span(s) providing a smooth passage for the pantograph of an electric
rolling stock. In the un-insulated overlaps two sets of conductors are
separated by 200 mm and connected by a jumper. In insulated overlaps
the two sets of conductors are separated by 500 mm in air. Electrical
continuity is provided by an Interrupter or booster transformer or both.
3.36 Pantograph
A collapsible device mounted on insulators at the roof of an electric
engine or Metro coach for collecting current from the overhead
equipment.
3.42 Stagger
Stagger of the contact wire is the horizontal distance of the contact wire
from the vertical plane through the centre of pantograph plan at the
contact surface. At supports, stagger of catenary wire is kept same as that
of contact wire.
3.47 Versine
The versine is the maximum offset of the rail on which spans have been
measured of the curved track from the chord connecting two points, each
opposite adjacent masts.
4. Electrical Clearances
4.1 Clearance
The clearance between 25 kV live parts and earthed parts of fixed
structures or moving loads shall be as large as possible. The electrical
clearances to be maintained under the worst conditions of temperature,
wind etc. are given below:
ii. Minimum lateral distance between any live bare conductor (overhead
equipment or pantograph) and any earthed structure or other bodies
(rolling stock, over bridges, signal gantries etc.)
Long duration (Static) 320 mm
Short duration (Dynamic) 220 mm
5. Wind Pressure
Wind pressures for design of all masts and determination of spans are based on
IS: 875-1997 – “Code of Practice for Structural Safety of Buildings – Loading
Standards”. For determination of applicable wind speeds, latest wind map of the
region must be referred to while designing the OHE. As per the latest wind map,
NCR region falls in green zone with wind velocity of 47 m/s and corresponding
wind pressure of 155 kg/m2.
7. Humidity
8. Spans
8.1 Measurement
Spans shall be accurately measured by means of a tape. On curves,
these measurements shall be taken on the outer rail of the middle track in
the case of an odd number of tracks and in the case of an even number of
tracks on the inner rail of the first outside track (from the centre of the
formation). On single track, measurements shall be made on the outer
rail.
8.2 The spans shall be as large as practicable, but should enable the contact
wire to be erected with permissible stagger and with contact wire height
within permissible limit at the mid-span location. For a stipulated
maximum stagger, the length of the span is governed by curvature, blow
off of overhead equipment, sway of pantograph and deflection of the mast
under wind condition.
8.3 Maximum span length is normally kept at 58.5 meters. This is governed
by restriction of load on parapets of viaduct and wind conditions.
8.5 Due to presence of very sharp curves (up to 120 meters radius), span
lengths up to 15 meters may have to be adopted.
8.7 On main tracks, the lengths of two consecutive spans shall not normally
differ by more than 18 m.
8.8 Spans in the vicinity of over line structures with restricted head room shall
be determined with reference to the electrical clearances available.
8.9 At Overlaps:
Normally 4 span overlaps (both insulated and uninsulated) are provided.
However, at sharp curves, overlaps with 6 spans may have to be
provided. The intermediate spans on overlaps should be kept equal in
length as far as possible.
9.3 Portals
On multiple track sections, where adequate track centres are not
available, portals are used. Each portal consists of two fabricated uprights
and one fabricated boom consisting of two end pieces with or without one
central piece.
i. For depots, three types of portals have been standardized. “N”
type portal is used for clear spans of 10m-20m (4 tracks
maximum), “O” type portal is for clear span of 20m-30m (for 6
tracks maximum) and ‘R’ type portal with span of 30m-40m (for 8
tracks maximum).
ii. On viaduct, portals are provided with BFB and fabricated uprights.
Boom lengths cannot usually be standardised due to limitation of
availability of clear span on viaduct. Centre pieces are fixed in
9.4 Foundations
OHE masts provided at grade in depots/yards are erected on foundations,
while on the viaduct section, the mast/upright with flange at base are fixed
on the parapet. These are fixed with the help of nuts on the studs
especially casted while casting the parapet.
a. For Masts:
Side bearing RDSO Drg. No.
1 (a)
(Type B) ETI/C/0058 Sh. 1
Side gravity
1 (b) -do-
(Type BG)
Pure gravity
1 (c) -do-
(Type G)
Pure Gravity
1 (d) For black cotton soil -do-
(Type WBC)
RDSO Drg. No.
2 New Pure Gravity(Type NG)
ETI/C/0058 Sh. 2A
NBC type foundation for dry
black cotton soil
3 -do- Sh. 3A
(16500 & 11000 Kgf/m2
3.0 m depth)
4 New pure gravity for -do- Sheet 4
b. For portals:
1 In ordinary soil RDSO Drg. No. ETI/C/0005/68
2 In dry black cotton soil RDSO Drg. No. ETI/C/0063
11. Stagger
Anchor Raising
Span Span
Fig.301-02: Insulated overlap
the raised OHE, to the catenary wire of the raised OHE, to the catenary of
in-running OHE, and thereafter splits into 2 x 75.mm2 and is connected to
contact wire of the in-running OHE at two points on either side of the
cantilever steady arm registration point. In addition, RDSO type of
jumpers is also used.
16.3 Wherever balance weight ATDs with 5-pulley block are provided, the
vertical free travel of counter weights in section on viaduct is limited by
parapet height. Due to this, half tension length of OHE with BWA
termination on viaduct typically should not exceed 570 meters. However,
with introduction of compact weight, this limit has been extended to 650m.
No such limitation exists with Gas type or spring type ATDs.
Neutral section shall be located away from stop signals and shall be on tangent
track and on level to the possible extent.
20.2 No masts shall be located beyond a signal post at a distance less than 10
m. In case the OHE mast is located in the front of the signal the distance
between the OHE mast and signal post should not be less than 30 m.
22.2 The setting on grade has been generally kept at 3.60 m. In depot tangent
tracks, it is normally kept at 2.5 m as per track separation availability. On
viaducts the same has been generally kept at about 2.87 m. However,
these values will vary as per availability of space and design of parapet
structure.
23.1 150 kVA/280 KVA Booster Transformer may be provided separately for
each running tracks wherever necessary for suppression of inductive
interference of P&T communication lines running in close vicinity and
parallel to 25 kV OHE. The primary winding of the booster transformer is
connected in series with the OHE at insulated overlaps.
23.3 The booster transformer should not be located in the vicinity of the stop
signals to avoid bridging of insulated overlap by pantograph.
24.1 Route
In deciding the route of return conductors the obstructions en-route should
be taken into consideration. Besides, adequate physical and electrical
clearances should be maintained from fixed structures. The general
objectives are to run the return conductor as close as possible to the
associated overhead equipment. Subsidiary lines such as sidings, loops
etc. are not provided with return conductors.
The return conductor will be normally run on the traction masts on the
same side as the overhead equipment. The clearance between the return
conductor and the overhead equipment should not be less than 400 mm
under the worst conditions.
24.2 Clearance
The static and dynamic clearance to any part of the return conductor from
an earthed structure should be 150 mm and 80 mm respectively, when
provided with BT. Without BT, the return conductors are kept at ground
potential.
Feed from the substations is directly provided from the CBs. Interrupters
provided along the line separate elementary sections. No isolators are
provided on main line except at Feeding posts. Isolators are provided in
yards, sidings for separation purposes.
26.1 The mast number is used for identification of the section (Km) of overhead
equipment. There are normally 55 to 70masts in one track-kilometre and
each mast is given a number in serial order starting from the km post. The
number is scribed in two parts, the Km being shown above the line and
the mast serial number below the line. Numbering is done progressively in
the direction of increase of kilometres. The masts of DN track are given
even numbers and for up line these are indicated by odd numbers.
ii. In case several independent cantilever masts for different loops are
located at the same chainage, loop mast nearest to the main track
should bear the lowest number in the series. This system of
numbering is applied from one end of a yard in the kilometreage of the
starting point and progressively higher numbers is given in the
direction of increase in chainage whether it is UP or DN yard. The
numbering does not indicate the kilometerage.
BT Booster Transformers
CB Circuit Breakers
CT Current Transformers
LA Lightning arrestor
PT Potential transformer
TR Power transformer
i. High voltage (220/132/66 kV) circuit breakers are given two digit
numbers progressively increasing in the direction of increasing
kilometerage starting from 01. For example, the first high voltage
circuit breaker will be numbered as CB/01, 02, 03.
ii. 25 kV transformer circuit breakers are given three digit numbers -
even nos. E.g. CB/100, 102, etc. and for feeder breakers, odd nos.
CB/101,103,105 etc. Are given.
iii. The serial number of transformers and circuit breakers also follow
geographical sequence within a substation/feeding post. Lower
number is given for the equipment connecting at less kilometerage
and higher number of for the equipment connected to higher
kilometerage.
27.3 Interrupters
i. The main line 25 kV interrupters numbered serial wise
progressively increasing from a datum point (11) on Delhi Metro
Railway. E.g. BM/11, 12, 13 etc.
ii. Yard interrupters: The yard line interrupters are numbered serial
wise i.e., BS 01, 02, 03 etc.
iii. The first digit of BM/CB no shall normally correspond to Line
number.
RIGID OCS
25kV, Single Phase, 50 Hz AC has been adopted for the traction system in
DMRC. Since generally there is ample space in the elevated corridor for
maintaining the required clearances, flexible OHE has been adopted for traction
supply in elevated/at grade corridor.
However, in the underground section, the finished tunnel for single track after as-
built tolerances is of typically 5600 mm internal diameter from the design axis of
the tunnel. In order to accommodate the required electrical clearances as per IEC
60913, Rigid OCS has been adopted for traction supply in the underground
corridor.
The design of Rigid OCS is based on the latest IEC, EN and other international
standards of Underground Traction system. Description of Rigid OCS
components is as follows:
Supporting structure
Rear Bracket
Swivel Head
ii. Rear bracket is fixed to the drop tube. This can be rigid or hinged type
depending on the design to accommodate linear (also called
longitudinal) movement of the rigid conductor due to the expansion
and contraction caused by temperature variations.
iii. 25kV insulator is attached to the rear bracket through nut bolts.
v. Swivel head is placed in the slots provided in the standoff bracket and
can glide along these slots to achieve the required stagger. The main
role of the swivel head is to hold the conductor rail. It has a clamp
which holds the CR top surface and thus provides support for the
entire CR length. If the rear bracket is hinged, no movement is
required in swivel head. But if rear bracket is fixed, gliding
arrangement is made available in swivel head so that CR can freely
move due to temperature variations.
vi. The cantilever and its tie assemblies on the tunnel, permits the
regulation of the horizontal and vertical distance of the Rigid OCS
suspension assembly for maintaining the right height and position
(stagger) of the contact wire in respect of running rails plane and
adjusting the conductor rail to curves and gradients of the track.
The rail has an opening at the bottom part for inserting the contact wire.
This opening is smaller than the size of the contact wire to allow enough
strength for grabbing the contact wire. The elastic behaviour of the
Aluminium profile provides sufficient clamp force to fix the copper contact
wire.
Conductor Rail
Contact Wire
30.4 Clearances
The dynamic and static clearances used for ROCS are as follows. These
clearances have been cleared by railway board.
30.5 Span
The distance between two consecutive Rigid OCS support brackets is
known as span length. The maximum allowed span length in DMRC is 11
m which is suitable for speeds up to 95 km/hr.
Once all the above data is available; the Rigid OCS engineering and designing
work consists of following activities:
APPENDIX – II
1. General Description
2. Terminology
3. Precautions to be taken during Relay Setting
4. Relay Setting Calculations
APPENDIX – II
1.2 A normal section between adjacent sectioning and paralleling post (SP) is
designed as per number of trains required to run in the section. The feed
extension due to additional load of trains, which run in the extended section
cause overloading of the transformer sometimes. In other words, more
number of trains in supply zone leads to over loading of transformer. Traction
Transformer is designed to withstand 100% load continuously, 50% overload
for 15 minutes and 100% overload for 5 minutes. But if the overloading
continues unabated and above these pre-determined levels, the transformer
coil may be damaged due to overheating and therefore relay setting plays
vital role to protect the transformer from overheating.
1.3 Apart from this, the section is subjected to short circuit faults. Unless these
faults are cleared, the transformer will continue to feed the fault resulting in
melting of overhead wires endangering the safety. Therefore power
transformer should be protected from other types of transient faults also.
1.4 The most severe and common form of fault is the short circuit. The magnitude
of a short circuit depends upon the kind & character of short circuit and the
distance of the fault from the sub-station. These are called line faults or
feeder faults and should be cleared instantaneously by breakers with proper
relay setting.
i. Feeder Faults:
a. Short circuit (Phase to Earth Fault).
b. Over load current.
c. Fault on account of wrong phase coupling.
1.7 25 kV Traction transformer incomer have IDMT over current and DMT voltage
dependent over current (VDOC) protection. VDOC is utilised to protect
traction transformer for low fault level current at the farthest end of line, when
feeder breaker fails to trip/isolate the fault. Its logic is simple and works on the
AND GATE principle of fault characteristics. In case ‘If’ is the fault current and
‘Vn’ is nominal line voltage, the tripping shall take place according to AND
GATE principle as given below:
If
Trip
%Vn
Set ‘If’ for farthest end fault level and %Vn<Vn, (say 75% as in case of fault ‘Vn’
reduces). If both ‘If’ and ‘%Vn’ are high, trip command is initiated. Care must
be taken to give sufficient time for feeder protection relay to isolate the fault
else VDOC will operate every time.
2. Terminology
3.1 The function of relay in the operation of a power system is to prevent damage
during faults and to minimise their effect on the remainder of the system. This
is achieved by dividing the system in to protective zones separated by circuit
breakers. During fault, the only affected zone is de-energised and
disconnected from the fault.
3.2 The relay operate from current and voltage derived from current and potential
transformers.
i. Current Transformers:
a. The Primary winding is connected in series with the load and
carries the load current to be measured whereas secondary
winding is connected to the measuring instrument or relay. The
measuring instrument impedance, the relay impedance, CT
winding impedance and the load resistance together constitute the
burden of CT. This is expressed in ‘VA’.
b. The Primary current in the CT contains two components viz
1) Secondary current which is transformed in the reverse
ratio of the turn ratio i.e. if turn ratio is N1/N2 then
primary current is
N2
Secondary current X -----------
N1
2) An exciting current which caters to
The eddy and
Hysteresis losses & magnetisation of the core.
The exciting current is not transformed and therefore, is the cause
of transformer error. Since certain amount of primary current is
consumed in the transformer as an excitation current so
secondary current does not contain any component of the exciting
current.
3.3 IDMT and DMT over current Relays: Numeric type relay used for protection
of various systems have two types of element like IDMT and DMT. Every
system is provided with main and backup protection, In case main feeder
relay does not trip, back up protection is required to isolate the faulty system.
A time lag between main and back up protection is essential to avoid tripping
of breaker through both relays simultaneously.
IDMT Relay is primarily used to protect the transformer, cable and OHE
against external short circuit fault and defined overloads. IDMT relay current
setting must be above the permitted sustained overload allowance and below
short circuit current level to save the system from flowing of fault current for a
longer duration. DMT relay is used for protection against specified short
circuit fault current level with instantaneous tripping without any delay. DMT
relays may also be used to protect the transformers against the effect of the
defined overloads.
v. 25 kV Traction Protection
a. 25 kV Incomer Feeder
1) Over current and Earth Fault Protection.
Similarly, a sample calculation of over current and earth fault relay setting at 66 kV incomer
breakers are given here under for the purpose of understanding. At the initial stage, the
requirement of load is less, so relay setting has to be done with low load condition and same
may be changed at later date if load increases. The over current and earth fault relay
settings have to be coordinated with power supply grid authority for proper functioning.
4. Earth Fault:-
4.1 Standby Earth Fault (SEF) Stage 1:- IDMT
= 10% x (EF Load)
Earth Fault Pick up, ISEF›1 = 10% x (1403.76)
= 140.4 A
= 140/1600=0.088 A (Equivalent Secondary)
Assuming Operating time = 0.550 Sec
required, Treq ( based on
relay coordination)
Delay Type = IDMT-SI Standard Inverse)
Operating time delay (T1) for = 0.14 x TMS/{(IF/I>) ^0.02-1}
TMS=1 = 0.14 x 1/{(701.88/140.4) ^0.02-1}
= 4.28
As operating Time in IDMT SI is constant beyond 20 times of threshold,
20*280=5615.04A is considered
= Treq/T1
TMS = 0.129
4.2 SEF Stage 2 :- DT
Earth fault Pick up, ISEF›2 = 50% of Load
= 701.88 A
= 0.44 A (Equivalent Secondary)
Delay Type = DT
Delay time, t›2 = 0.150 Sec
B Backup Calculation:
Rated current of the Transformer HV side in A = Sref/(Primary side Voltage)
= 50MVA/66kV
Rated current of the Transformer at HV side in = 0.47
Secondary Iref
Amplitude matching factor of HV side (CT = 2.11
Primary/FLC)
Rated current of the Transformer LV side in A = Sref/(Secondary Side
Voltage)
= 50MVA/25kV
= 2000.00
Rated current of the Transformer at Sec. Side in = 1.000
Secondary, Iref
Amplitude matching factor of LV side (CT = 1.00
Primary/FLC)
C The Transformer Differential protection relay has following parameters for
setting:
1) Pick up value of Differential current, Idiff≥ (Operate value of the differential
protection function as referred to the reference current of the relevant transformer
end).
2) Slope-1 tripping characteristic, m1. (Gradient of the tripping characteristic of
differential protection in the range).
3) Slope-2 of tripping characteristic, m2. (Gradient of the tripping characteristic of
differential protection in the range).
4) Base point for slope-2 characteristic, IR, m2. (This setting defines the second
knee of the tripping characteristic. Above this knee, the gradient is m2).
The recommended setting in the relay is as follows:
Idiff≥ Iref = 0.2
M1 = 30%
M2 = 70%
IR m2 = 2
CT Primary 1600
CT Secondary 1
PT Primary 27500
PT Secondary 110
CTR 1600
PTR 250
CTR/PTR 6.4
APPENDIX -III
1. Scope
2. Terminology
3. Objective of Earthing
4. Governing Specifications
5. Value of Earth Resistance
6. Earth Electrodes
7. Earthing arrangement at Traction Substation
8. Earthing Arrangement at Switching Station
9. Method of jointing
10. Crushed Rock Surface Layer
11. Step and Touch Voltages
12. Testing of the Earthing and Bonding System
APPENDIX -III
1. Scope
This code of practice caters for general arrangement of system and equipment
earthing at RSS (Receiving substation), TSS (Traction substation), AMS
(Auxiliary main substation), ASS (Auxiliary substation), 25 kV switching stations,
Booster Transformer Stations. Low voltage (LT) electrical power distribution
system and 25 kV overhead equipment systems.
2. Terminology
The following terms wherever occurring in this code shall, unless excluded or
repugnant to the context, have the meaning attributed thereto as follows:
2.2 Earth:
The conductive mass of the earth, whose electrical potential at any point
is conventionally taken as zero.
Typically, one meter from a fault entry point voltage reduced by 50%. (e.g.
a 1000 A fault entering through ground impedance of 5 ohms. will create
voltage of 5000 V. At a distance of less than one meter away a fatal
potential of 2500 V will exist). Earth mat installed in that area will make the
voltage gradient uniform and within the safety limit.
Touch Potential is similar to step potential except that the part of the fault
current passes through the person's hand and body who touches any
structure, which is carrying fault current. Touch potential is controlled by
connecting structure to the Earth mat so that least resistance path for fault
current is established.
3. Objective of Earthing
i. It should stabilise circuit potentials with respect to ground and limit the
overall potential rise
ii. It should protect men and material from injury or damage due to over
voltage.
iii. It should provide low impedance path to fault current to ensure prompt
and consistent operation of protective devices during ground faults.
It should keep the maximum voltage gradient along the surface inside and
around the substation within safe limits during earth faults.
4. Governing Specifications
Reference has been taken from the following standards/codes of practices in the
preparation of this code of practice.
The combined resistance of the earthing system for RSS/AMS/TSS shall not be
more than 0.5 ohm and for ASS/BT stations/Switching post of OHE it should not
exceed 2.0 ohms. For distribution system (415V) it should be less than 10.0
ohms.
6. Earth Electrodes
6.1 The earth electrode is generally of mild steel galvanised perforated pipe of
not less than 40 mm nominal bore of about 4 m length provided with a
spike at one end and clamped suitable for taking directly GI flat of
required size at the other end. The pipe is embedded as far as possible
vertically into the ground, except when hard rock is encountered, where it
6.4 Earth electrodes, other than those used for the earthing of the fence itself,
should not be installed in proximity to a metal fence, to avoid the
possibility of the fence becoming live and thus dangerous at points remote
from the substation or alternatively giving rise to danger within the
resistance area of the electrode by introducing a good connection with the
general mass of the earth. Earth electrodes shall be embedded as far
apart as possible from each other. Mutual separation between them shall
usually be not less than 6.0 m (which is twice the length of the electrode).
6.7 Earth electrodes for TSS/switching stations should be installed within and
adjacent to perimeter fence. At large sites, apart from securing a
sufficiently low resistance and adequate current carrying capacity a
reasonable distribution of electrodes is also necessary.
7.1 The earth network is subject to various faults such as operating over
voltages, short circuits or lightning. The mesh/grid is sized to limit the step
and touch voltages below the dangerous values for people. Earth network
is designed taking into account conductors' temperature rise as regard to
the fault current levels.
7.3 The size of the earthing grid should be decided based on the incoming
system voltage and fault level (refer Annexure-1). The fault level
considered should take into account the anticipated increase in fault
current during the life span of the station.
Ground
S. System voltage
Equipment conductor
No. and fault level
Size in mm
66 kV up to 3000 MVA
Equipment on the
1 132 kV up to 6000 MVA 50 x 6
primary side of traction
220 kV up to10000 MVA
power transformer.
66 kV above 3000-6000
MVA 75 x 8
132kV above 6000-12000
MVA
220 kV above 10000-
20000 MVA
2 Equipment on the
Secondary side of 50 x 6
traction power
transformer.
3 Fencing/Steel Structures 50 x 6
9. Method of jointing
All the joints between the GI flats, GI rods or between GI flat and GI rod shall be
made by welding only. No soldering shall be permitted. For protection against
corrosion, all the welded joints shall be treated with red lead and afterwards
thickly coated with bitumen compound.
At the traction substations and switching stations, a surface layer of crushed rock
shall be provided to a thickness of about 100 mm. If considered necessary from
the point of view of containing the step and touch voltages within the acceptable
limits, higher thickness may be provided depending on calculation based on site
conditions. As per Table 7 in IEEE 80: 2000
4 (1-2 in) (0.025-0.05m) washed 1.5 x 106 to 4.5 x 5000 (rain water,
4
granite 106 100 Ω-m)
3 (2-4 in) (0.05-0.1m) washed 10,000( Rain
5 2.6 x 106 to 3 x 106
granite water,100 Ω-m)
2000-3000
Size unknown, washed 6
6 7x 10 (ground water, 45
limestone
Ω-m)
Washed granite, similar to 0.75
7 2x106 10,000
in (0.02m) gravel
Washed granite, similar to pea
8 40 x 106 5000
gravel
8000
57 (0.75 in) (0.02 m) washed
9 190 x 106 (ground water, 45
granite
Ω-m)
10000 to 6 x
10 Asphalt 2 x 106
106
11 Concrete 1 x 106 to 1 x 109 a 21 to 100
The formulae for calculating the tolerable touch and step voltages, estimated
mesh and step voltages, earth resistance, earth potential rise, size of earthing
grid conductor and length of buried grid conductor are given below:
The test and measurement for earthing and for bonding purposes on DMRC has
so far been limited to measurement of earth soil resistivity and earth résistance
and earth pits etc. In this regard special instructions issued for earth resistance
measurement.
ANNEXURE -1
Calculations
I = S*k
960 x 4 = 35 mm = 0.035m
3.14
e es
k
e es
70 3000
70 3000
2930
3070
0.954
The value of Cs corresponding to hs=0.1 and k=-0.954 is 0.55 (see Graph ’A’
i.e. Figure 303-02 given at the end)
Substituting,
Tolerable value of step potential
K s * Ki * e * IG
E step .
L
1 1 1 1 n2
Ks 2 h D h D (1 0 .5 )
1 1 1 1
(1 0 .516 )
2 * 0 .5 5 0 .5 5
1
1 0.182 0.001
0 .377 V
K m .K i .e.I G
E touch
L
1 D² ( D 2h)2 h K ii 8
Km l n ln
2 16 hd 8 Dd 4 d K h ( 2 n 1)
Where
Kii =1 for grids with earthing rods along the perimeter or for rods in the mat
corners as well as along the perimeter and throughout the grid area.
1
for grids without earthing rods or for grids with only a few
(2n)2 / n
earthing rods, none located on the perimeter or in the corners.
( Kii =1, for Subhash Nagar)
h
Kh 1 , where h=depth of burying = 0.5m, and
h0
h0=reference depth of grid = 1m
0 .5
Kh 1
1 .0
1 .5
1.225
D2 25
89 . 286
16 hd 16 * 0 . 5 * 0 . 035
(D 2h)2 (5 2 * 0 .5 ) 2
25 . 714
8 Dd 8 * 5 * 0 . 035
h 0 .5
3 . 571
4d 4 * 0 . 035
D2 (D 2h)2 h
89 . 286 25 . 714 3 . 571
16 hd 8 Dd 4d
= 111.429
Km
1
4 .713 2 .620
2
0 .333
K i 3 .752
Km * Ki * e * IG
E touch
L
0.333 * 3.752 * 70 * 10000
370 .59V
2360
The actual calculated values of step and touch potentials are less than the
tolerable values and hence safe.
R1 R2 R122
Rg
R1 R2 2R12
Where,
1 2l1 l
R1 ln K1 1 K 2
l1 h' A
R2
a 8l 2
ln
2 l 2 d 2
l 2
2 K 1 2 1 1
A
R12 is the mutual resistance between the group of grid conductors and group of
ground rods and given by the formula:
a 2 l1 l
R12 ln K 1 1 K 2 1
l1 l 2 A
On this formula:
On the above formula, two different value of are taken due to the possible
difference between the level of the grid and the level of the rods. The soil
resistivity has been taken as 70 .m and, we consider that 1=2.
a is calculated as follow:
l 2 1 2
a
2 H h 2 l 2 h H
l 2 12 l 2 12
a 1
1 H h l 2 h H l 2 1
Coefficient K1 and K2 have chosen from the figures of the IEEE standard with
the curve A
Grid resistance:
1 2l1 l
R1 ln K1 1 K 2
l1 h' A
70 2 * 2360 2360
R1 ln 1 .35 5 .5
3 .14 * 2360 0 .132 6800
R1 0 .412
Rod resistance:
R2
1 8l 2
ln
2 l 2 d 2
l
2 K 1 2 1 1
2
A
R2
70 8*4
ln
2 * 72 * 3 . 14 * 4 0 . 04
2 * 1 . 35
4
72 1
2
1
6800
R 2 0 . 504
Mutual resistance:
1 2 l1 l
R12 ln K 1 1 K 2 1
l1 l2 A
70 2 * 2360 2360
R12 ln 1 .35 5 .5 1
3 .14 * 2360 4 6800
R12 0 .389
Rg 0.413
GRAPH -“A”
APPENDIX- IV
I GENERAL
1. Definitions
2. Scope
3. Approval of Works of the Owner by Delhi Metro Rail Corporation
4. Compliance with Indian Electricity and Metro Rail Acts and
Rules
5. Compliance with Indian Standard Specifications
6. Works to be executed by Delhi Metro Rail Corporation
7. Method of Crossing Overhead line or Underground Cable
8. Protection of Communication Lines
9. Maintenance of Crossing
10. Defects and Failures
APPENDIX- IV
I GENERAL
1. Definitions
The following terms wherever occurring in this Appendix shall, unless excluded
by or repugnant to the context, have the meaning attributed thereto as under:
ii. “Power line crossing” means an electrical overhead line or under -ground
cable placed across Delhi Metro Rail Corporation track(s) for the transmission
and/or distribution of electrical energy. It may also be referred to as a
“Crossing” in these stipulations.
2. Scope
It is necessary for the Owner to obtain approval of DMRC for crossing both
overhead and underground, when DMRC track exists prior to construction of the
crossing.
3.2 Construction
The Owner shall notify the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation in writing at least
15 days in advance of the date on which he will commence the work of
construction of the crossing. The Nominated Head of Department
(Electrical) of DMRC, or his representative, may, if he so desires, inspect
the site/work of the crossing during its construction to ensure that it is being
constructed in accordance with the approved designs and drawings. Only
good quality of materials (refer Clause–5 of this Appendix) shall be used in
the construction of the crossing, which shall be executed in a professional
manner.
3.4 Annexures
Following relevant Annexures need to be filled up by the Owner in
reference to the above and submitted to DMRC:
4. Compliance with Indian Electricity and Metro Rail Acts and Rules
All materials used in the construction of the crossing shall comply with the latest
relevant Indian Standard specification(s) and where these are not available, with
the latest relevant IEC specification(s).
The disturbance of any rail, road or ground or any attachment to any Delhi Metro
Rail Corporation structure as may be necessary for the placing and/or
maintenance of the crossing shall be effected by or under the direct supervision
of the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation. Any pipe, conduit, culvert or similar work
passing under Delhi Metro Rail premises shall require approval of DMRC and the
entire cost of such works shall be borne by the Owner of the crossing.
9. Maintenance of Crossing
(This includes crossings constructed either before or after construction of Metro
tracks)
9.1 No work on a crossing which may infringe with safe operations of Metro
trains shall be undertaken by the Owner without obtaining written
consent from Delhi Metro Rail Corporation. All such works shall be
carried out under the direct supervision of the Delhi Metro Rail
Corporation.
9.2 The crossing shall always be maintained in a state of good fettle by the
Owner so as to reduce hazards to life and property. It shall be jointly
inspected by the Owner and DMRC at an interval not exceeding 12
months in order to determine its fitness for service. In this inspection, the
foundations of crossing transmission line towers, bolted arrangements,
should specially be visually inspected without any digging or climbing on
the tower so as to avoid/ detect any remotest possibility of transmission
line tower falling/tilting over the DMRC tracks. Defects, if any, noticed or
as pointed out by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation shall be rectified by
the Owner expeditiously. The decision of the Delhi Metro Rail
Corporation in regard to defects noticed and rectification(s), if any, to be
done by the Owner shall be final and binding on the Owner.
9.3 The crossing span as well as two adjacent spans on either side of the
overhead line crossing shall be kept free by the Owner from any trees
and branches which, if they fall on these spans, would foul with the
overhead line.
9.4 Where galvanised steel structures support the crossing span, they shall
be maintained free of rust, corrosion etc.
9.5 If at the instance of the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation, the crossing is to
be shifted or modified or dismantled, the work shall be carried out by the
Owner at the cost of the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation.
An overhead line crossing shall normally be at right angle to the Delhi Metro Rail
Corporation track; in special cases a deviation of up to 30° may be permitted.
Deviations larger than 30° shall have to be specifically authorised by the
Electrical Inspector of the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation.
12. Structures
12.2 The crossing span shall be restricted to 300 m or to 80% of the normal
span for which the structures are designed, whichever is less.
The maximum wind pressure for design of the structure shall be as prescribed in
latest IS 802 (Part-I) 1995 for load and permissible stresses.
14. Temperature
The maximum and minimum temperatures for design of the conductors and other
wires shall be as prescribed in the latest edition of IS 802 (Part I) with necessary
correction for conductor maximum temperature.
The factor of safety of all structures, conductors, guards, guys and wires used in
the crossing shall be as stipulated in the CEA (Measures relating to Safety &
Electric Supply Regulation), 2010 (as amended) and the latest relevant codes of
practice.
16. Crossing of Transmission line of State Electricity Board (SEB) above DMRC
track:- when a transmission line of State Electricity Board (SEB) is passing
above DMRC tracks, following situations may arise:
ii. SEB/Owner has to modify its transmission line conductors: For this
Approval of EIG of SEB/Owner would only be required. For the required
shutdown of DMRC’s OHE, SEB/Owner shall approach DMRC.
17. Clearance between the overhead line and Delhi Metro Rail Corporation
track
17.1 An overhead line crossing over Delhi Metro Rail Corporation track shall as
far as possible be located at the middle of overhead equipment span
supported by two adjacent traction masts/structures. This would increase
the gap between lowest transmission line conductor & highest traction
conductor due to sag in traction conductors at mid-span.
17.3 Power line crossing in yard/Depot and station areas shall be avoided.
500 kV
Above 500 & upto
8 10900 7940
800 kV
Note:
Separate guarding shall be provided above the lower power line in all
cases except when the voltage of the higher line is 33 kV and above.
Where such guarding is provided, the clearance from the guard wires to
the lower overhead live conductor shall not be less than 2 m and to the
upper power line not less than 1.5 m.
18. Insulators
Where the voltage exceeds 650 V, the supporting structures, (of the overhead
line crossings) on Delhi Metro Rail Corporation land shall be provided with anti-
climbing devices. Besides, suitable caution/warning notices shall be erected on
all such structures, in the languages as may be prescribed for the purpose.
Supporting structures, (of the overhead line crossing) including guys, adjacent to
roadways shall be so located that the danger of their being struck by moving road
vehicles is avoided or reduced to the minimum. Wherever required, guard rails
suitably painted, to make them conspicuous, shall be provided for the purpose.
The Owner of a communication line shall provide adequate safety devices so that
no damage is caused in the event of snapping of conductors of a power line
crossing. In addition to the safety devices, the Owner shall also provide
necessary surge absorbers in the system to guard against the effects of surges
caused during switching operations or system faults.
22. Earthing
ii. All guard and stay wires, shall be properly clamped to the structures
connected to earth so as to maintain proper electrical continuity to earth.
iii. Where struts are provided, they shall also be effectively connected to earth
separately as well as to the main structure earths.
iv. Where the earth resistance of the independent tower/structure is higher than
10 Ohms, the Owner shall take necessary steps to improve the earth
resistance either by providing multiple earth electrodes or by suitably treating
the soil surrounding the earth electrode or by resorting to counterpoise
earthing.
v. The earthing arrangement shall be inspected and tested annually on a hot
dry day and results thereof furnished to the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation for
verification and record. If the earth resistance is found to be high, i.e. above
10 Ohms, steps shall be taken to reduce it and an advice given to the Delhi
Metro Rail Corporation.
vi. The cross section of the earth conductor/connections for the earthing system
shall be adequate for the application. They shall not be damaged or
overheated or melt while carrying the short circuit current.
All the cables crossing Delhi Metro Rail Corporation via-duct & station premises
should be laid through approved type of pipes only. The route & type of pipes
have to be got approved from DMRC.
The Owner shall specify and obtain prior approval of the Delhi Metro Rail
Corporation for cable he intends to use for the crossing. It shall be armoured and
sheathed type only.
26.1 Where the cables are laid under Delhi Metro Rail Corporation via-duct &
station premises it should be laid through GI pipes, HDPE pipes or spun
concrete pipes of suitable diameter and strength. In order to avoid
disturbance to the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation installations in case it
become necessary to lay additional cable(s) in future, it would be
advantageous to provide additional pipes of adequate diameter initially to
cater for additional cables. The specifications for the pipes to be used shall
be submitted to the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation for approval. The pipe
shall be laid at not less than 1.0 metre below the ground level/bottom of
sleeper whichever is stringent. It shall be possible to withdraw the cable(s)
for repair for replacement without disturbing the Delhi Metro Rail
Corporation installations. Long lengths of pipe shall be laid with gradient to
facilitate drainage of water, if any. The pipe shall be laid upto the Delhi
Metro Rail Corporation boundary at both ends or upto the point as
prescribed by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation. The laying of the cable
upto 33 kV in the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation premises shall be in
accordance with the latest edition of IS 1255-1983 “Code of Practice for
Installation and Maintenance of Power Cables” and for higher voltage
classes as per manufacturers’ recommendation.
26.2 All power cables including EHV cables to be laid in pipes while crossings
Delhi Metro Rail Corporation station area and via-duct should be as per
these stipulations and utility owning agency/IEC standards.
26.3 The armouring and sheathing of the underground cables laid across or
near any Metro Rail electrified track be earthed by independent earths at
the two sealing end of the cable. No further earthing of the armouring and
sheathing of the cable shall be done within 500 m of the Metro Rail
electrified track. The scheme and method of earthing shall have to be
specifically approved by Delhi Metro Rail Corporation.
Each cable crossing shall be indicated by at least two Stone cable markers, one
at each end of the crossing, within the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation boundaries.
The cable marker shall be fixed at both ends of the underground crossings. They
shall be of a design approved by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation. The following
information shall be clearly marked on the markers.
Cables
Number
Annexure A- 4.01
The following data, designs calculations and drawings together with the application for
the proposed power line crossing incorporating the particulars as detailed below all in
duplicate shall be furnished by the Owner to the HOD (Electrical)/O&M of Delhi Metro
Rail Corporation for approval by the Electrical Inspector of the Delhi Metro Rail
Corporation.
ii. Drawings
The drawing should specifically contain:
a. Layout and site plan of the proposed crossing indicating Delhi Metro Rail
Corporation’s boundaries.
b. Longitudinal elevation of the crossing. The drawing shall indicate full
particulars of one span on either side of the crossing span with various
clearances with respect to the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation track(s). The
drawing shall show the cross section of the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation
formation and tracks.
c. Drawing for warning and caution notices.
b. Drawings
The drawing should specifically contain:
1) Layout and site plan including cable route, location of structures,
if any, for supporting and terminating the cable and Delhi Metro
Rail Corporations boundaries.
2) Drawings showing cable/crossing marker.
Annexure A - 4.02
1. General: The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation will permit the Owner as from
the......................day of ......................20……., to lay the crossings as per Drg.
No. ........................approved by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation hereunto
attached as Annexure, and in compliance with Stipulations for Power line
crossing of Delhi Metro Rail Corporation tracks hereunto attached as Annexure
hereinafter referred to as the Stipulations, for the purposes hereinbefore
mentioned subject to the terms and conditions hereinafter contained.
2. Permission to erect and maintain the crossing: The Delhi Metro Rail
Corporation will, subject to the provisions of clause 3 hereinafter contained,
permit the Owner to erect and maintain in accordance with the Stipulations the
crossing over and across the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation tracks and/or land at
the place(s) shown on the said drawing and to execute all repairs in connection
therewith when necessary from time to time and all such works shall be executed
at the cost of the Owner at such times as may be permitted and to the
satisfaction of the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation in all respects.
Provided that if shifting of or modifications to or dismantling of the crossing is
required for the proper functioning of the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation and is to
be carried out by the Owner as desired by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation, the
costs of such works shall be borne by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation except in
those cases where the need for such works on account of Delhi Metro Rail
Corporation’s anticipated development/requirements was foreseen in time and
the Owner had agreed in writing prior to the construction of the crossing to meet
the cost of such works.
3. Delhi Metro Rail Corporation to carry out protection works: In the event of it
being necessary in the opinion of the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation to support or
protect the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation tracks and/or land or works during the
erection of the crossing or the execution of any repairs hereto or any removal
thereof the work of supporting of or protecting the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation
tracks or land and resorting the tracks and/or land to its original condition or such
part of the said work as the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation shall deem fit will be
carried out by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation at the cost of the Owner in all
respects. The amount of such costs will be determined by the Delhi Metro Rail
Corporation in its absolute discretion and will be paid by the Owner to the Delhi
Metro Rail Corporation on demand. The Owner will, if so required, deposit with
the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation prior to the carrying out of the said work such
sum of money as may be estimated by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation to be the
cost of the work required to be done and the amount of the said deposit will be
set off against the said cost to be determined as aforesaid and the balance paid
as aforesaid.
4. Cost of Supervision of works: All works in connection with the matters referred
to in clauses 2,3 and 6 will be subject to such supervision by the Delhi Metro Rail
Corporation as may be considered necessary by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation
and the Owner will pay to the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation on demand all costs of
such supervision including the cost for the staff required to look after the safety of
the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation tracks and/or land while all or any of such works
are/work is in progress. The costs of such supervision and other costs as
aforesaid shall be determined by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation in its absolute
discretion.
5. Access: Neither the Owner nor his employees will at any time enter upon the
Delhi Metro Rail Corporation land for any purpose whatsoever in connection with
the crossing as aforesaid without the consent in writing of the Delhi Metro Rail
Corporation.
all or any of the privileges hereby granted upon the expiration of three months’
notice in writing of its intention to do so being left at or sent to the registered
office of the Owner/and not withstanding that the Owner may have executed any
work of a permanent or temporary character and incurred expenses in the
execution thereof. The Owner shall not be entitled to any damages or
compensation by the reason of such termination or suspension.
Same as otherwise provided in this contract, all notices to be given on behalf of
the Managing Director of Delhi Metro Rail Corporation and all other actions to be
taken on his behalf may be given or taken on his behalf by the concerned Head
of the Department (Electrical) of Delhi Metro Rail Corporation.
9. Termination of Agreement for default: In the event of the Delhi Metro Rail
Corporation giving notice under clause 7 hereof for special maintenance, repairs,
modifications, shifting or removal of the crossing and the Owner failing within the
time stipulated to carry out the said works except such position thereof as the
Delhi Metro Rail Corporation may propose to carry out under the provisions of
clause 3 hereof or in the event of the Owner committing any other breach of this
Agreement or any part thereof, the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation shall be entitled
in its absolute discretion (notwithstanding the provisions of clause 8 hereof) to
terminate this Agreement all and any of the privileges hereby granted upon the
expiration of six months’ notice in writing of its intentions to do so being given in
the manner provided in clause 7.
10. Removal of crossing: Prior to the termination of this Agreement and subject to
the provisions of clause 3 hereof the Owner will at his own cost remove the
crossing from the property of the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation and restore the
land to its original condition to the satisfaction of the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation
in all respects. In the event of the Owner failing to remove the said crossing and
restore the land to its original condition in the manner hereinbefore provided the
Delhi Metro Rail Corporation will be entitled at its option immediately after the
termination of the Agreement to carry out the work of removal of the crossing and
restoration of the land without being responsible for any loss or damage
whatsoever to the said crossing or any part thereof. In such an event the Owner
will pay to the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation on demand all costs incurred by the
Delhi Metro Rail Corporation in connection with such work including supervision
charges, the amount which will be determined by the Delhi Metro Rail
Corporation in its absolute discretion. The said crossing and the materials used in
connection therewith and belonging to the Owner will be and remain the property
of the Owner but the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation will be entitled to retain the
same but without any liability therefore until the amount of such costs as
aforesaid have been paid by the Owner to the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation.
11. Indemnity: The said crossing will be used at the sole risk and responsibility of
the Owner. If at any time owing directly or indirectly to such use or to the
existence of the said crossing or to the carrying out of the work of erection and/or
repair and/or removal of the said crossing and restoring the land to its original
condition or to be exercise by the Owner of any privileges hereby granted or to
any other cause arising out of the operation of the Agreement any damage will be
caused to the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation or to the track and works, Rolling
Stock or any other property of the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation or if in
consequence of any of the matters aforesaid or of any default in fulfilling any of
the conditions of the Agreement or of any negligence on the part of the Owner or
any person connected with him, any claim or damage or loss be substantiated by
any person or persons against the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation the Owner will
upon demand pay forthwith and make good the same and shall also make good
to the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation all costs and expenses which it may incur in
regard to any such claim or damage or loss as aforesaid. In the event of there
being any dispute as to what specific loss and/or damage has been caused by
reason of any decision hereon shall be final and binding.
12. Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Accidents: The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation
shall not be responsible for any damage to the crossing and other property of the
Owner due to any accident in the working of the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation due
to any cause whatsoever
13. Sub-letting: The Owner will not sub-let, transfer or assign this Agreement or any
of the privileges hereby granted without the previous consent in writing of the
Delhi Metro Rail Corporation.
15. Cost of Agreement: All costs and expenses incidental to the preparation and
completion of these presents including Stamp duty will be borne and paid by the
Owner.
In witness whereof the parties have hereunto set and subscribed their respective
hands and seals the day, month and years respectively mentioned against their
respective signatures.
1. Name
Address
2. Name
Address
(Signature of witness)
1. Name
Address (Signature of witness)
2. Name
Address (Signature of witness)
ANNEXURE A- 4.03
1. General: The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation will permit the Owner as from the
..................................day of ...............................20..........., to lay the
underground crossings as per Drg. No………………………..approved by the
Delhi Metro Rail Corporation, hereunto attached as Annexure and in
compliance with Stipulations for power line crossings of Delhi Metro Rail
Corporation Tracks, hereunto attached as Annexure hereinafter referred to as
the Stipulations, for the purpose hereinbefore mentioned, subject to the terms
and conditions hereinafter contained.
2. Permission to lay and maintain the crossing: The Delhi Metro Rail
Corporation, will, subject to the provisions of clause 3 hereinafter contained
permit the Owner to lay, keep and maintain in accordance with the Stipulations
the crossing under the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation tracks and/or land at the
place(s) shown on the said drawing and to execute all repairs in connection
herewith when necessary from time to time and all such works shall be
executed at the cost of the Owner at such time as may be permitted and to the
satisfaction of the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation in all respects.
Provided that if shifting of or modifications to or dismantling of the crossing is
required for the proper functioning of the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation and is to
be carried out by the Owner as desired by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation, the
costs of such works shall be borne by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation except
in these cases where the need for such works on account of Delhi Metro Rail
Corporation’s anticipated development/requirements was foreseen in time and
the Owner had agreed in writing prior to the construction of the crossing to meet
the costs of such works.
3. Delhi Metro Rail Corporation to carry out protection works: In the event of
it being necessary in the opinion of the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation to support
or protect the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation tracks and/or land or works during
the laying of the crossing or the execution of any removal thereof the work of
supporting or protecting the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation tracks or land and/or
laying or removing the encasing protective pipe to carry the crossing cable and
restoring the tracks and/or land to its original condition or such part of the said
work as the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation shall deem fit will be carried out by the
Delhi Metro Rail Corporation at the cost of the Owner in all respects. The
amount of such costs will be determined by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation in
its absolute discretion and will be paid by the Owner to the Delhi Metro Rail
Corporation on demand. The Owner will, if so required, deposit with the Delhi
Metro Rail Corporation prior to the carrying out of the said work such sum of
money as may be estimated by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation to be the cost
of the work required to be done and the amount of the said deposit will be set
off against the said cost to be determined as aforesaid and the balance paid as
aforesaid.
4. Method of laying: The cable shall be laid as indicated in the said drawing and
shall be carried through an encasing pipe in such manner that the cable can be
laid, withdrawn without interfering with or endangering the Delhi Metro Rail
Corporation tracks and/or land. The costs of providing and laying such encasing
pipe for the crossing shall be borne by the Owner as aforesaid.
5. Cost of supervision of works: All works in connection with the matters referred
to in clauses, 2,3,4,7 & 11 will be subject to such supervision by the Delhi Metro
Rail Corporation as may be considered necessary by the Delhi Metro Rail
Corporation and the Owner will pay to the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation on
demand all costs of such supervision including the cost for the staff, required to
look after the safety of the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation tracks and/or land while
all or any of such works are/works is in progress. The costs of such supervision
and other costs as aforesaid shall be determined by the Delhi Metro Rail
Corporation in its absolute discretion.
6. Access: Neither the Owner nor his employees will at any time enter upon the
Delhi Metro Rail Corporation land for any purpose whatsoever in connection
with the crossing as aforesaid without the consent in writing of the Delhi Metro
Rail Corporation.
crossing being so re-erected the land on which the same is re-erected will be
used and occupied upon the terms of the Agreement mutatis- mutandis, as if
the same has originally been subject to this Agreement.
8. Termination of Agreement: The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation may at any time
(and from time to time) be at liberty in its absolute discretion to suspend
temporarily and/or terminate this agreement and all or any of the privileges
hereby granted upon the expiration of three month’s notice in writing of its
intention to do so being left at or sent to the registered office of the Owner and
notwithstanding that the Owner may have executed any work of a permanent or
temporary character and incurred expenses in the execution thereof. The
Owner shall not be entitled to any damages or compensation by the reason of
such termination or suspension.
10. Termination of Agreement by the Owner: The Owner after giving one month’s
notice to Delhi Metro Rail Corporation may terminate this agreement and such
notice shall be considered to be sufficiently served if sent by the registered post
to the Nominated Head of Department (Electrical) /Delhi Metro Rail Corporation
or left at his office, with an acknowledgement of its receipt.
11. Termination of Agreement for default: In the event of the Delhi Metro Rail
Corporation giving notice under clause 8 hereof for special maintenance,
repairs, modification, shifting or removal of the crossing and the Owner falling
within the time stipulated to carry out the said works except such portion thereof
as the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation may propose to carry out under the
provisions of clause 3 hereof or in the event of the Owner committing any other
breach of this Agreement or any part thereof, the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation
shall be entitled in its absolute discretion (notwithstanding the provisions of
clause 10 hereof) to terminate this Agreement and all and any of the privileges
hereby granted upon the expiration of six months’ notice in writing of its
intentions so to do being given in the manner provided by clause 8.
12. Removal of crossing: Prior to the termination of this Agreement and subject to
the provisions of clause 3 hereof the Owner shall at his own cost remove the
crossing from the property of the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation and shall restore
the land to its original condition to the satisfaction of the Delhi Metro Rail
Corporation in all respects. In the event of the Owner failing to remove the said
crossing and restore the land to its original condition in manner hereinbefore
provided the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation will be entitled at its option
immediately after the termination of this Agreement to carry out such work of
removal of the crossing and restoration of the land without being responsible for
any loss or damage whatsoever to the said crossing or any part thereof. In such
an event the Owner will pay to the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation on demand all
costs incurred by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation in connection with such work
determined by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation in its absolute discretion. The
said crossing and the materials used in connection therewith and belonging to
the Owner will be and remain the property of the Owner but the Delhi Metro Rail
Corporation will be entitled to retain the same but without any liability therefore
until the amount of such costs as aforesaid have been paid by the Owner to the
Delhi Metro Rail Corporation.
13. Indemnity: The said crossing will be used at the sole risk and responsibility of
the Owner. If at any time owing directly or indirectly to such use or to the
existence of the said crossing or to the carrying out of the work of erection
and/or repair and/or removal of the said crossing and restoring the land to its
original condition or to the exercise by the Owner of any privileges hereby
granted or to any other cause arising out of the operation of the Agreement any
damage will be caused to the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation or to the track and
works, Rolling stock or any other property of the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation or
if in consequence of any of the matters aforesaid or of any default in fulfilling
any of the conditions of the Agreement or of any negligence on the part of the
Owner or any person connected with him, any claim or damage or loss be
substantiated by any person or persons against the Delhi Metro Rail
Corporation, the Owner will upon demand pay forthwith and make good the
same and shall also make good to the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation all costs
and expenses which it may incur in regard to any such claim or damage or loss
as aforesaid. In the event of there being any dispute as to what specific loss
and/or damage has been caused by reason of any of the matters aforesaid
such dispute will be preferred to the nominated HOD (Electrical) of the Delhi
Metro Rail Corporation, whose decision thereon shall be final and binding.
14. Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Accidents: The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation
shall not be responsible for any damage to the crossing and other property of
the Owner due to an accident in the working of Delhi Metro Rail Corporation
due to any cause whatsoever.
15. Sub-letting: The Owner will not sub-let, transfer or assign this Agreement or
any of the privileges hereby granted without the previous consent in writing of
the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation.
17. Costs of Agreement: All the costs and expenses incidental to the preparation
and completion of these presents including stamp duty will be borne and paid
by the Owner.
In witness whereof the parties have hereunto set and subscribed their respective hand
and seals the day, month and year respectively mentioned against their respective
signatures.
1. Name
Address Signature of witness
2. Name
Address Signature of witness
1. Name
Address Signature of witness
2. Name
Address Signature of witness
Annexure A - 4.04
2.* It is also hereby certified that the overhead line crossing would be further
modified by the Owner, in future, on a written request of DMRC, if the conditions
so warrant.
Along with a reproducible print eight copies of the drawings showing the completed
power line crossing is/are enclosed.
Signature
(Seal of the Owner) Name of the Owner
Date
Place
$ The location of the overhead line crossing or underground cable will be identified by
indicating the Chainage with the painted number of the pier/traction masts/structures, as
available, between which the overhead line or underground cable crossing is located.
APPENDIX - V
APPENDIX – V
The catenary maintenance vehicle serves the purpose of repair and maintenance
of electrical overhead contact systems available in the open air and in the tunnel
over the metro tracks. The maximum allowed speed in DMRC is 25 kmph and on
the points the speed must be reduced to 10kmph. With the working platform up,
the speed is limited to 5kmph.
2. Introduction
915 mm (new)
12 Wheel Diameter
813 mm (condemn)
4.1 This coach type CMV is provided with swivelling type lifting platform at roof.
This platform allows several maintenance staff to stand on it for faster
maintenance of OHE. This CMV is also provided with wiring reel. The basic
information about this rail based vehicle is given as below:
915 mm (new)
11 Wheel Diameter
813 mm(condemn)
No movement in either
Check Pressure switch is ok or
2 direction, even if both the
defective.
engines are running.
3. NRV defective/ok
4. Check Gearbox.
Dirty Turbocharger
5 Re condition Turbo charger.
Compressor
Incorrectly Assembled
19 Calibrate PT Pump.
Governor Weights
31 Oil Level too High. Drain Oil and keep Level at H mark.
Valve Leakage/Adjustment
47 Valve adjustment to be done.
Bad
Misalignment-Engine to
56 Check alignment.
Driven Unit.
Transmission clutch
operating valve Check for the its functioning
ineffective
Fasteners connecting
cordon shaft & input Check and torque tighten
flange loose
Fasteners connecting
Check and replace
Excessive cordon shaft & output
fasteners & torque tighten
noise at flange loosened
7
transmission Mechanical failure at
output side Check for any damages and
output assembly of
overhaul the transmission
transmission
Fasteners connecting
Check and replace
cordon shaft & input
fasteners & torque tighten
flange got loosened
PROBLEM 1: When starter motor is operated its shaft fails to rotate or rotates
slowly and the starter motor does not crank the engine through pinion has
engaged with ring gear.
Causes Action-Remedy
Causes Action-Remedy
PROBLEM 4:Pinion engages but starter motor does not crank the engine
(whining noise is heard)
Causes Action-Remedy
a. Insufficiently charged battery/ Recharge the battery/clean terminal and
corroded terminal smear petroleum jelly
Causes Action-Remedy
a. Weakened battery Check the voltage of the battery
charge if required
b. Inoperative ENGINE Check and replace if necessary
START switch
c. Faulty fuel solenoid Check and replace if necessary
CAUTION:Do not operate the starter motor more than 10 seconds. If any
of the above defects found, system needs through inspection.
Causes Action-Remedy
Causes Action-Remedy
a. Low control voltage Check the control voltage
b. Large voltage drop Check the loose connection
c. Broken shading ring on the The mechanical life of magnet is over.
magnet pole.
Causes Action-Remedy
a. Rust or dust or other Rub off rust with fine emery paper or clean
substance is on contacting the surfaces with the cloth.
surface of iron core.
d. Dirt or rust on magnet faces Clean lightly with fine emery paper or dry
cloth or use compressor air.
Causes Action-Remedy
Causes Action-Remedy
in magnet
Causes Action-Remedy
a. Over voltage or under voltage Check and correct the control voltage.
c. Dirt or rust on pole faces Check pole faces with very fine emery
increasing the air gap. paper or dry cloth.
Causes Action-Remedy
Causes Action-Remedy
PROBLEM 14: Even though lube oil pressure is more, engine does not sustain
(stops after releasing the start push button)
Causes Action-Remedy
PROBLEM 15: Engine throttles in high range but car does not move
(transmission do not engage)
Causes Action-Remedy
PROBLEM 16: Brake applied indication does not extinguish even after all the
brake are released.
Causes Action-Remedy
PROBLEM 17: Emergency raise of engine does not take place i.e. engine
remains idle when
Causes Action-Remedy
PROBLEM 18: Engine throttle does not take place even after the throttle handle
is moved to different notch positions.
Causes Action-Remedy
PROBLEM 19: Car does not move when selected “LO” in the “RANGE
SELECTOR”
Causes Action-Remedy
Causes Action-Remedy
Causes Action-Remedy
Causes Action-Remedy
PROBLEM 23: Indication lamp does not glow even after fault is sensed.
Causes Action-Remedy
915 mm ( New )
12 Wheel diameter
813 mm (Fully worn)
Horizontal reach
15 8500 mm
from track axis
Fig. 305-04: Catenary Maintenance Vehicle with Jib and Cradle (CMV)
Transmission System
Pneumatic System
pipe.
Hydraulic system
Engine
Problem(s) Cause(s)
No fuel in tank
Defective valves
Brake is applied all the time Dead man safety is defective or applied
Faulty solenoid
Vehicle does not move Low oil pressure
Faulty Tachograph
Faulty cable
Radiator fan is not working Shut off valve of hydraulic pump is not open
Vehicle not working in creep Shut off valve of charge pump is closed
11 Elevating rotation 90
Problem Cause
No fuel in tank
coupler is open
Defective valves
Faulty solenoid
Vehicle does not move
Low Hyd. oil pressure
Track gauge SG
i. Check all road wheels, nuts for proper tightening. Ensure that tyres
are inflated to correct air pressure (100 PSI)
j. Clean air cleaner
k. Stopper stud should be checked at front and rear guide wheel
attachment for correct positioning of suspension 900 to rail track
during rail mode. If any misalignment of stopper stud is found it should
be readjusted to bring suspension unit in vertical position to the tack.
l. Check and ensure weekly maintenance of the vehicles.
m. If any other normal maintenance is required that should be attended
too.
n. Check brake application.
a. Clean thoroughly front guide wheel assy, rear guide wheel assy,
turntable sliding gallery and locking pin slide mechanism.
b. Thoroughly checkup all fasteners for proper tightening at guide wheel
attachment & lock mechanism.
c. Greasing of grease nipples, guide wheels – hub bearings and bearing
play adjustment.
Procedure: Play adjustment – Tighten the lock nut and rotate the
wheel to ensure correct play. Now insert cotter pin / spit pin. Finally
end cover should be tightened. This procedure should be followed for
all steel wheels.
d. Thoroughly check air line joints, hydraulic line joints to avoid any
leakage.
e. Hydraulic pressure checkup & resetting
Fluid restricted at return line. Check main relief vale return line filter
working or assembly.
Vehicle rear tyres under inflated. Check pressure inflate if low (100 PSI)
Rail guide wheel mounting Check & tighten all bolts, replace
hardware is loose. damaged bolts.
Guide wheel bearings excessive Check & adjust or replace worn out
Vibration play / worn out parts, if required.
felt in the
vehicle Guide wheel has excessive run Check guide wheel tread and flange run
when out / wearing. out/wear out maximum diameter 400
traveling on and minimum than minimum value.
rail
Vehicle rear tyres out of Balance tyre.
balance.
vehicle
when Turn table and guide wheels are
traveling on not locked and in road position.
Make sure turntable and guide wheel
road
Vehicle rim bent. units are locked in road position.
Balance tyres.
All five shut off cocks are not Check and position all five shut of
cocks in road mode.
positioned properly for road
mode.
Vehicle
brake is Air leakage from joins pipes, Check and ensure for proper tightening
wornout parts, bleed out air from
poor on valve etc.
road hydraulic.
Fig. 305-07: Bogie Flat Rail Carrying Wagon (BFR) with wiring reel