96494-00-TO Theory RevU PDF

REF TEK 130 Theory of Operations
96494-00-TO
Rev U
1/31/2017
This REF TEK manual provides a technical overview of networking, disk operations, triggers, bit
weights and filters when used with the 130 DAS.
Trimble, Inc.
5217 Tennyson Pkwy
Suite 400
Plano, Texas 75024
Support: 1-888-879-2207
Email:
reftek_support@trimble.com
www.trimble.com/infrastructure
Rev U REF TEK 130 Theory of Operations 1/31/2017
96494-00-TO
Revision History:
Rev Date Reason for change Pages
U 2017.01.31 Modified section 3.11 Vote trigger Section 3.11

T 2014.10.14 Updated to Trimble All
R 2014.07.28 Updated 130 FIR Section 12
P 2014.02.19 Removed 25 sps option All
N 2012.05.22 Modified Table for RT527D revision Section 9.3
2012.04.04 Modified Mass Re-Center Section 9.5
2011.07.25 Added support for iFSC All
2010.09.28 Modified for 3.2.8 All
2010.06.24 3.2.6 Format Update All
2010.05.27 Modified for support of new boards Page 37
2010.03.15 Modified for 3.2.2 (LP)(WP) Keep/Toss 3,9,33,35
2010.01.21 Added Index Section 14
M 2009.12.04 Updated Pre-trigger with examples Page 15
L 2009.10.15 Updated Template All
2009.06.26 Changed Vote Trigger Pre-Trigger Length 21,23,25,26,32
2009.06.04 Updated for 3.0.0 V and 52
K 2009.02.12 Added Calibration Signal notes Section 9.6
2009.02.10 Added Disk Operation cutoff note Section 2.1
J 2007.01.16 Updated Pre-defined calibration types Section 9
2007.01.06 Added parameters read, write and auto Section 4
Recover
H 2006.09.12 Added Memory Test (MT), Section 13
2006.10.23 New Calibration waveforms, and Section 9
2006.12.20 Recording Telemetry with disk at the same time Section 2.2.4
G 2006.01.23 Added GPS Duty Cycle Section 7.7
and Dump on ET (Disk Recording) Section 2.2
F 2003.11.18 Added Networking Introduction and Vote Trigger Section 1
support Section 3
E 2003.06.02 Updated all sections - Bitweight All
D 2003.04.04 Added Offset, IIR trigger filter, and Sensor Section 7-9
C 2003.01.28 Added support for Event Trigger, FTP and Level Section 3.9,
Trigger 1.3,3.22
B 2002.11.27 Updated Disk Options and Telemetry Added Sec 1-2
Updated Supported Triggers Section 3.5-3.8
Updated Bit Weights Section 4
A 2002.10.04 Release 1.0 130 Software All
0.1 2002.01.24 Initial release All
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Copyright© 2012 – 2017 Trimble, Inc.
All rights reserved. No parts of this manual may be reproduced, copied or transmitted
in any form outside the approved recipient’s organization without written permission
from Trimble, Inc.
Printed in USA.
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Contents
1 Networking and Telemetry ................................................................................... 1
1.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................1
1.1.1 IP Addresses.......................................................................................................... 1
1.1.2 Ports ..................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Options ........................................................................................................................2
1.2.1 Serial Line Mode option ......................................................................................... 2
1.2.2 Serial Port Speed option ........................................................................................ 2
1.2.3 Ethernet Detection option ..................................................................................... 2
1.2.4 RTP Keep / Toss connection option ....................................................................... 3
1.3 FTP (File Transfer Protocol) ..........................................................................................4
2 Disk Operations ................................................................................................... 9

2.1 Overview ......................................................................................................................9
2.2 Disk Cluster Size ........................................................................................................10
2.3 DAS Disk Operation ...................................................................................................11
2.3.1 CF Card Warning ................................................................................................. 11
2.4 Disk Recording...........................................................................................................12
2.4.1 Dump Threshold ................................................................................................. 12
2.4.2 Dump on ET ........................................................................................................ 12
2.4.3 Disk Wrap ............................................................................................................ 13
2.4.4 Recording Telemetry and disk at the same time .................................................. 13
2.5 Disk file system .........................................................................................................14
3 Data Stream Parameters /Acquisition Triggers .................................................... 15

3.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................15
3.2 Definitions of Common Terms ...................................................................................16
3.2.1 Firmware 3.0.0 Example: ..................................................................................... 17
3.3 Datastream Parameters ..............................................................................................19
3.3.1 Sample Rate Effects Full-scale Range, Offset, System Noise ................................ 21
3.3.2 Sample rate groups ............................................................................................. 21
3.3.3 Datastream Parameter Considerations ................................................................ 22
3.4 Continuous Trigger ....................................................................................................24
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3.4.1 Description ......................................................................................................... 24
3.4.2 Examples ............................................................................................................ 24
3.4.3 Continuous trigger parameters ........................................................................... 25
3.5 Cross trigger ..............................................................................................................26
3.5.1 Description ......................................................................................................... 26
3.5.2 Cross trigger parameters .................................................................................... 26
3.6 Event trigger ..............................................................................................................27
3.6.1 Description ......................................................................................................... 27
3.6.2 Event trigger parameters ..................................................................................... 28
3.7 External trigger ..........................................................................................................30
3.7.1 Description ......................................................................................................... 30
3.7.2 External trigger parameters ................................................................................ 30
3.8 Level Trigger ..............................................................................................................31
3.8.1 Description ......................................................................................................... 31
3.8.2 Level trigger parameters ..................................................................................... 31
3.9 Time Interval trigger ..................................................................................................34
3.9.1 Description ......................................................................................................... 34
3.9.2 Time Interval trigger parameters ......................................................................... 34
3.10 Time List trigger ........................................................................................................36
3.10.1 Description ......................................................................................................... 36
3.10.2 Time List trigger parameters ............................................................................... 36
3.11 Vote trigger ...............................................................................................................37
3.11.1 Description ......................................................................................................... 37
3.11.2 Vote trigger parameters ...................................................................................... 39
4 Parameter Read, Write and Auto Recovery ........................................................... 41
5 Bit Weight in the 130-DAS Family ....................................................................... 43

5.1 Bit Weight Calculations ..............................................................................................43
5.2 Bit Weight Variance ....................................................................................................44
5.3 Effects of Gain............................................................................................................44
5.4 Reported Bit Weight ...................................................................................................45
5.5 REF2SEGY Conversion Values .....................................................................................46
6 Monitor Function ............................................................................................... 47

6.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................47
7 130 Time .......................................................................................................... 49
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7.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................49

7.2 VCXO Hardware .........................................................................................................49
7.3 Phase Measurement ...................................................................................................51
7.4 Phase Lock Algorithm ................................................................................................51
7.5 External Time Sources................................................................................................52
7.6 Time Source Detection ...............................................................................................53
7.7 Cycle Behavior ............................................................................................................54
7.7.1 GPS Duty Cycle .................................................................................................... 54
8 Offset ............................................................................................................... 57
8.1 Offset Option with a handheld ...................................................................................57
9 Sensor Control - RT527 ..................................................................................... 59

9.1 Scope .........................................................................................................................59
9.2 Channel Connector Signals ........................................................................................59
9.3 Sensor Test Signals ....................................................................................................60
9.4 Sensor Type Information ............................................................................................60
9.5 Auxiliary Channels .....................................................................................................60
9.6 Mass re-center ...........................................................................................................61
9.6.1 Original Mass Centering Operation ..................................................................... 61
9.6.2 Enhanced Mass Centering Operation ................................................................... 61
9.7 Calibration Signals .....................................................................................................63
9.7.1 User-Defined Calibration Signals ........................................................................ 64
9.7.2 Pre-defined Calibration Signals ........................................................................... 65
9.8 MATLAB Script for Generating Random Predefined Waveforms...................................66
10 Auxiliary Data Recording .................................................................................... 70

10.1 Auxiliary Channels .....................................................................................................70
10.2 Recording Auxiliary Channels ....................................................................................72
10.3 Auxiliary Connector Signals .......................................................................................72
11 REF TEK 130 IIR filters ........................................................................................ 75

11.1 Scope .........................................................................................................................75
11.2 IIR Algorithm ..............................................................................................................75
11.3 Filter Characteristics ..................................................................................................77
11.4 Filter Use....................................................................................................................77
11.5 Filter Buffers ..............................................................................................................77
11.6 Filter Coefficients (unscaled) ......................................................................................79
11.7 Filter Coefficients (scaled) ..........................................................................................80
12 REF TEK 130 FIR filter......................................................................................... 81
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12.1 Scope .........................................................................................................................81

12.2 A/D Sample Rate ........................................................................................................82
12.2.1 Crystal Semiconductor CS5372 ........................................................................... 82
12.2.2 TI ADS1281/1282 ............................................................................................... 84
12.3 Recorded Data Sample Rate .......................................................................................87

12.4 Firmware FIR Filter Characteristics .............................................................................90
12.5 FIR Filter Coefficients .................................................................................................91
13 Memory Test ..................................................................................................... 94

13.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................94
14 Index ................................................................................................................ 96
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List of Figures:
Figure 1—1 FTP to 130 ............................................................................................................... 5
Figure 1—2 FTP Example Already Connected ............................................................................. 6
Figure 1—3 Using Leech for FTP Example................................................................................... 6
Figure 2—1 Disk 1 location ........................................................................................................ 9
Figure 7—1 Phase Lock ............................................................................................................ 53
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1 Networking and Telemetry
1.1 Overview
The REF TEK 130 DAS (Digital Acquisition System) includes support for IP
communications. It employs TCP and UDP over Ethernet and PPP Serial
connections. The applications supported by the 130 unit are an FTP server, a
Command server and an RTP (REF TEK Protocol) client.
1.1.1 IP Addresses
The REF TEK 130 DAS has two network interfaces: Ethernet and Serial. Each
interface has its own IP address, address mask, gateway, and target host for
RTP. Any IP address on one of the same subnets as the DAS unit may connect
using FTP and/or the command socket. However, the 130 unit restricts the
external IP addresses from which it will accept connections, to the equivalent of
a Class C subnet containing the RTP host. If no RTP host is set for either
interface, no connections can be established to the unit from outside its subnet.
1.1.2 Ports
The FTP server uses TCP/IP on port 21, along with a secondary port for data
transfers. The FTP server provides full access to the 130 disk drives to those
with the proper login information. Files copied onto the drive are not read and
cannot be executed by the 130, except for its firmware files. The firmware files
are specific to the microprocessor and real time OS (RTOS) contained in the
unit.
The Command server uses TCP/IP on port 5000. The payload of datagrams
issued over this port must adhere to the 130 Command specifications. These
commands only affect the operation of the 130. Datagrams issued by the 130
over this port are command responses that also adhere to the 130 Command
specifications and are only interpretable by software specifically written to do
so.
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The RTP client uses UDP/IP on port 2543, which is registered with the Internet
Assigned Number Authority (IANA). RTP is a proprietary protocol designed for
near-real-time transmission of data that only communicates with software
specifically written to do so. The payload of RTP datagrams are 130 commands,
responses and recording packets. The 130 cannot be externally instructed to
output other information using this client.
The 130 DAS also responds to echo requests (pings). These requests use port
7.
1.2 Options
1.2.1 Serial Line Mode option

Line mode refers to the type of serial connection. There are three available
options:
o Direct - connection to a PC, router or Freewave radio operating in Point-

to-Point Mode
o FW Multi - connection to a Freewave radio operating in Multipoint mode
o Modem - The user defined init string will be sent to an externally
attached modem at powerup.
1.2.2 Serial Port Speed option

The PPP serial connection can be configured to operate at any one of the
following rates: 115200, 57600, 38400, 19200, or 9600 bits per second (bps).
1.2.3 Ethernet Detection option

The Ethernet circuitry in the 130 includes the ability to detect when the Ethernet
port is connected to other network equipment, such as hubs and routers. When
the circuitry indicates the lack of a connection, the firmware puts the Ethernet
chip into a low power state. However, some 100 mbit network equipment
cannot be detected by the circuitry in the 130. The Ethernet Detection option
can be used to force the Ethernet circuitry to remain powered up so that
communications can occur.
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1.2.4 RTP Keep / Toss connection option

This connection option allows selection of line down behavior when an Ethernet
or Serial RTP connection is made.
When telemetry goes down and Keep is selected, the unit keeps all existing data
and continues collecting data until RAM fills. When the telemetry comes back
up, the oldest data is transmitted first. The unit re-enables acquisition
automatically when at least half of RAM is available.
When telemetry goes down and Toss is selected, the unit discards all data being
recorded to telemetry until the telemetry comes back up. Tossing of data
begins after the user specified Toss Delay time (2-99 minutes) has lapsed.
When the telemetry comes back up, transmission resumes with current data.
The Toss Delay parameter selection specifies how long the link must be down
before data is discarded. Consideration should be taken to adjust the toss time
according to the sample rate so that the toss delay expires before RAM fills.
Telemetry is considered down when RTP has not been able to communicate
with the RTP server (RTPD) for about 2 minutes at which time RTP reverts to the
‘server discovery’ state. This state is reached only after 10 unsuccessful
transmissions of any packet in the RTP transmit queue. The telemetry is
considered up when RTP successfully re-connects to RTPD.
Note: Disconnecting the Ethernet cable between the DAS and a hub will NOT cause the
DAS to detect a link down condition. However, disconnecting the Ethernet cable between
the hub and the computer running RTPD, DOES cause the DAS to detect a link down
condition. Disconnecting the Serial telemetry connection will always cause the DAS to
detect a link down condition.
When RAM reaches 95% full, the 130 will perform a RESET in an attempt to
correct a possible problem with the telemetry link. If the 130 is set to “Keep
Mode” and data continues to fill the RAM after the reset, when RAM reaches
100% full, acquisition will be stopped. If the 130 is set to “Toss Mode” and data
continues to fill the RAM after the reset, when RAM reaches 97% full, the 130
will switch to “Toss Mode” and all data destined for the telemetry port will be
tossed. The 130 will remain in the “Toss Mode” until connection to the RTPD
data server is re-established.
When the 130 has declared that the RTP connection is down it enters the ‘server
discovery’ state. Server Discoveries will be sent every 10 seconds for
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approximately 5 minutes attempting to re-establish the connection to RTPD. If

the 130 is unsuccessful it will stop sending Server Discoveries for 2 minutes.
This process of sending and sleeping will be repeated until the connection to
RTPD is re-established. If the RTP connection remains down for approximately
1 hour and 20 minutes the 130 will turn off the 12V Enet power output located
on the NET Connector pin M for 10 seconds. The Enet 12V power will be cycled
every 1 hour and 20 minutes until the connection to RTPD is re-established.
1.3 FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

The 130 also acts as an FTP server to enable transfer of files from/to the 130.
The FTP connection always occurs on Port 21. The 130 FTP server can have only
one FTP client at a time. While an FTP client is connected to the 130 FTP server,
all other attempted connections will be refused by the 130.
Note: Any IP addresses on one of the same subnets, as the 130 DAS unit, may connect
using FTP and/or the command socket. However, the 130 DAS unit restricts the external
IP addresses from which it will accept connections, to the equivalent of a Class C subnet
containing the RTP host. If no RTP host is set for an interface, no connections can be
established to the unit from outside its subnet.
The 130 FTP server has a two minute time-out period. If no activity occurs on
the FTP link for two minutes, the FTP server will close the connection. If a client
connection is not properly terminated the 130 will time-out after two minutes
and close the connection. This will allow another client to then connect to the
FTP server.
Note: At least one disk must be installed in the 130 system in order for the user to login
to the 130 FTP server. If no disk is installed the 130 will accept the FTP connection, but
will immediately close it without providing a user login prompt.
The display below shows an FTP connection to the 130. In all cases, use the
following to log into the 130:
User name: reftek

Password: reftek
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User nam e Password
reftek reftek
Figure 1—1 FTP to 130
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The display below shows an attempt to connect to a 130 that already has an
FTP client connected.
Figure 1—2 FTP Example Already Connected
Figure 1—3 Using Leech for FTP Example
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The 130 FTP server supports the following standard commands:
Command Description Command Description
append Append to file mget Get multiple files

ascii Set ascii transfer type mkdir Make remote directory
bell Beep when command mput Send multiple files
completed
binary Set binary transfer type open Connect to remote ftp
bye Terminate ftp session and exit prompt Force interactive prompting
cd Change remote working put Send one file
directory
close Terminate ftp session pwd Print working directory on
remote machine
delete Delete remote file quit Terminate ftp session and exit
dir List contents of remote recv Receive a file
directory
disconnect Terminate ftp session remotehelp Recognized commands on
remote machine
get Receive file rename Rename a file
hash Toggle ‘#’ printing rmdir Remove directory on remote
machine
help Print local help status Show current status
ls List contents of remote type Set file transfer type
mdelete Delete multiple files user Send new user information
In a 130 that has two disks installed:
You can change to the second disk using either one of the following ftp
commands:
cd b: or cd dk2:
You can change to the first disk using either one of the following ftp
commands:
cd a: or cd dk1:
Note: When two disks are installed, FTP always logs the user into Disk 1 first. All disks
can be accessed using FTP. When a single disk is installed, FTP always logs into the
single disk. You can move between the two disks using the ‘change directory’
command.
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2 Disk Operations
This section discusses the handling of disk drives in the REF TEK 130 DAS.
o Dual disk support - switching between disks

o Dump threshold - when data is flushed from RAM to disk
2.1 Overview
The standard REF TEK 130-01 DAS allows the use of up to two Compact Flash II
(CFII) devices for data recording. Supported CF devices include flash memory
ATA devices. Except where specifically noted all of these devices are referred to
as disks. On 130-01 units which support two disks, the slot closest to the
‘plunger’ (See Figure 2—1) inside the disk well is Disk 1 while the slot closest to
the battery is Disk 2.
Disk 1 slot
Figure 2—1 Disk 1 location
Note: A disk should never be removed from the well while its RED LED is on. It
can safely be removed when its LED is GREEN.
Note: Disk operations are suspended when the input voltage drops below 11.1V
and are re-enabled when the voltage goes above 11.5V (version 2.9.6 version of
firmware or later) (See the 130 3.0.0 CPU Release Notes for more information).
Attention: For optimal performance in a REF TEK 130 Compact Flash disks
should ALWAYS be formatted BY THE RECORDER.
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2.2 Disk Cluster Size

The cluster size of the disk is critical for proper operation of the DAS. The
following table defines the cluster size for a given disk size when the disk is
formatted by the DAS. Disks formatted on a PC running Windows, are NOT
always formatted with the cluster size defined in the table below.
Disk Size Cluster Size
<= 5 MB 1 KB
>5 MB to 128 MB 2 KB
>128 MB to 256 MB 4 KB
>256 MB to 1 GB 8 KB
>1 GB to 2 GB 1 KB
>2 GB 32 KB
To ensure proper operation the DAS will automatically format disks that are 4
GB or larger if the cluster size is not 32 KB when the disk is installed. In
addition, any disk that reports a cluster size of 0 KB will be formatted (32 MB
disks).
The default cluster size for disks formatted using PC vs. DAS will be as follows:
Windows PC Format DAS Format
Disk Size File System Cluster Size File System Cluster Size Automatic
Format
32 MB FAT 512 Bytes FAT 2 KB Yes

512 MB FAT 8 KB FAT 8 KB No
1 GB FAT 16 KB FAT32 8 KB No
2 GB FAT32 4 KB FAT32 16 KB No
4 GB FAT32 4 KB FAT32 32 KB Yes
Note: When 2 GB and larger disks are installed in the DAS after being formatted
on a PC it can take more than 2 minutes for the DAS to read the FAT table and
log onto the disk. It can take more than 2 additional minutes to format the disk
as well.
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2.3 DAS Disk Operation

The DAS detects when a disk is added or removed. When added, the DAS
immediately accesses the disk and updates the disk status information. On
removal, the DAS immediately clears the disk status information. If the DAS is
waiting to write data to the disk (previous disk was full or had an error and the
RAM is above the dump threshold), the DAS will automatically begin writing
data to the newly installed disk, if the disk is empty. If the disk is not empty,
the DAS will begin writing its data to the disk after successful completion of a
format or if the user issues the force dump command to the DAS. Normal disk
dump cycles will begin after this. If the DAS is between normal auto-dumps it
will continue on the same cycle when a new disk is installed.
Disk operations are suspended when the input voltage drops below 11.1V and
are re-enabled when the voltage goes above 11.5V (version 2.9.6 version of
firmware or later) (See the 130 3.0.0 CPU Release Notes for more information).
Note: As of firmware version 3.2.0 there is a forced dump to disk once a day even if the
amount of data collected has not reached the dump threshold.
2.3.1 CF Card Warning

Due to the large variability of CF cards available on the world market and the resulting
problems with compatibility due to memory layout, signal structuring and power
requirements, REF TEK cannot guarantee a CF card will work in a REF TEK data recorder
unless it is sold through REF TEK itself. REF TEK ensures compatibility through
communications with CF manufacturers and rigorous in-house testing. Some CF
manufacturers refuse to provide adequate information or factory controls to ensure that
the product being sold today is the same as the product sold earlier under the same
part number. CF cards not purchased from REF TEK may work at one temperature but
not at another, or may fail all together.
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2.4 Disk Recording

Data is recorded to disk on a stream by stream basis. The same stream can be
recorded to both telemetry and to disk. When data is recorded to more than
one location, it is not overwritten in RAM until it has been written to all selected
locations.
2.4.1 Dump Threshold

The Dump Threshold determines when an auto-dump is performed. It is
specified as a percent of available RAM. The dump threshold defaults to 66%.
When RAM usage reaches this point, the disk is powered-up and data from all
datastreams that have disk recording enabled is written to disk.
Note: As of firmware version 3.2.0 there is a forced dump to disk once a day
even if the amount of data collected has not reached the dump threshold.
2.4.2 Dump on ET
The Dump on ET option allows user control of when event data is written to
disk. In versions of the CPU firmware before 2.7.3 this option was hard coded
to be disabled. When enabled the DAS will write all remaining event data to the
disk when the end of the event is detected and the ET packet is created. When
disabled the data will be dumped to the disk based on the setting of the Dump
Threshold.
When there is one disk installed in the 130:
Note: Data will be written to the end of the disk.
When there are two disks installed in the 130:
Note: The disk is considered full when the amount of available disk space falls below
four times the amount of (total) data RAM that is installed in the system. If a second disk
is installed, disk recording of new events continues on the second disk. The DAS
attempts to store all the data for an event in one file on one disk. However, in some
cases, an event may be split across the two disks.
When split across two disks the first side will end with eight 0’s and the file on the 2 nd
disk will have the same path and name until the ET packet is stored. The file on the 2 nd
disk will then be renamed to include the total event length.
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2.4.3 Disk Wrap

Disk Wrap allows overwriting of the oldest data recorded to disk. Disk Wrap is
only available when two disks are installed. When Disk Wrap is disabled,
recording begins with Disk 1 and stops when all available disks are full. When
Disk Wrap is enabled and a disk fills, the other disk is automatically reformatted
and recording continues on the newly formatted disk. In effect, the two disks
function as a circular buffer containing the most recent data.
2.4.4 Recording Telemetry and disk at the same time

When recording to both disk and telemetry with disk wrap turned on, disk wrap
is disabled when telemetry goes down.
When the link goes down the following characteristics develop:
o Disk wrap will stop after one more disk format.

o DAS will switch disks 1 time but not switch back to the disk in use at the
time telemetry went down.
o Preserves un-telemetered data.
The 130 should be configured for TOSS mode in order to prevent RAM from
filling causing acquisition to stop.
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2.5 Disk file system

Data on disk is written using a FAT file system (Disks < 1 GB) or FAT32 (Disk
size ≥ 1 GB) with long file name support. Data is organized into subdirectories
as in a REF TEK data archive. The subdirectory structure looks like this:
\yyyyddd
\iiii
\s
\s
\iiii
\s
\s
where:
yyyyddd Represents the 4-digit year and 3-digit day of year when a particular file
begins
iiii Represents the UnitID of the unit that recorded the data
s Represents the datastream number of the data. The SOH log is recorded as
stream 0
Data is written into files by event. The file name looks like this:
hhmmssttt_llllllll
where:
hhmmssttt Represents the hour, minute, second and millisecond of the first sample in
the file
11111111 Represents the hexadecimal length of the file in milliseconds
Note: State of health files are named in a similar manner but are based on the time of
the first entry into the file.
Note: An example filename would be 022715000_00000000
HH = hour
MM = minutes
SS = seconds
xxxxxxxx = length
022715000_00000000
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3 Data Stream Parameters /Acquisition Triggers
3.1 Overview
The hardware and software of the DAS allow collection of data continuously, or
selectively, in accordance with the particular data recording parameters that
you select. Most of the DAS data recording operations are controlled by
datastream and trigger parameters.
By selecting datastream parameters, you can activate up to eight datastreams,

include channels as desired in each datastream, and set a sample rate and data
format for each stream. You must activate at least one datastream to cause the
DAS to collect data.
This section provides detailed explanations of datastreams and data acquisition

triggers; it includes:
o Definitions for common terms related to datastreams and triggers

o An explanation of datastreams and datastream parameters
o An explanation of the following supported triggers:
Trigger Section
Continuous “Continuous Trigger” on page

Cross “Cross trigger” on page
Event “Event trigger” on page
External “External trigger” on page
Level “Level Trigger” on page
Time Interval “Time Interval trigger” on page
Time List “Time List trigger” on page
Vote “Vote trigger” on page
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3.2 Definitions of Common Terms
This section provides definitions for several important terms related to datastreams and
triggers.
Datastream/ Definition
Trigger Term
Datastream The combination of specified input channels, sample rate, data format,
trigger and recording destination.
You may specify and activate up to eight datastreams simultaneously. With

eight simultaneously-active datastreams however, some combinations of
parameters may not perform as expected.
Trigger A mechanism that determines when a DAS collects data.
Event The activation of any trigger (and the data associated with that specific
trigger activation)
Sample Rate The number of samples per second that the DAS records from the input
sensor(s). Possible sample rates are 1000, 500, 250, 200, 125, 100, 50, 40,
20, 10, 5 and 1 sps.
They always record data at the requested rate, but the A/D converter in such
units may sample the data at a rate higher than the actual recording rate.
See the appropriate Technical Overview Document for comprehensive
information on your DAS system’s particular capabilities.
The sample rates can be broken into two groups:
Group One: The following rates are only available when recording a single
sample rate for all streams: 1000, 500, 250, and 125.
Group Two: The following rates may be recorded in any combination within
all streams: 200, 100, 50, 40, 20, 10, 5, and 1.
Data Format DAS units record data in 32-bit or compressed (differential) format.
Trigger Types Currently the available trigger types are:
- Continuous trigger
- Cross
- Event
- External
- Level
- Time Interval
- Time List
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- Vote
Each trigger has an associated set of parameters which determine the exact
conditions for recording an event. Those triggers that require calculations on
the data decrease the maximum sustainable sample rate.
Record Length The amount of time a DAS will record data of a single event.
The maximum number of samples the DAS can record for each channel of a
given event is 4,294,967,295. The total number of samples a given record
will contain is the product of the record length (in seconds) x the sample rate
(per second).
Datastream/ Definition
Trigger Term
Pre-trigger: (pre-event buffer): the amount of data (in seconds) to be collected

immediately prior to a trigger.
Each active stream needs some buffer space for buffering incoming data,
even if no pre-trigger is requested. A continuous stream allocates enough
buffer space for 15 seconds of data. Other streams allocate enough buffer
space for the requested amount of pre-trigger plus 7 seconds of data.
The calculation of the buffer space required by a single stream is:
Bytes allocated = [(Sample rate * # of channels) + 6] * 4 * pre-trigger
seconds
Buffers are allocated starting with stream 1, then stream 2, then stream 3,
etc. until we run out of buffer space.
If you set parameters for a stream that requires more buffer space than is
available, the DAS software will disable that particular stream. The DAS
places a message that the stream was disabled in the state-of-health log.
3.2.1 Firmware 3.0.0 Example:

For firmware version 3.0.0 (or later) we have 336,600 bytes allocated for pre-
event memory.
Example for Stream 1:
Stream 1 = 100 sps, 6 channels, continuous trigger
Therefore:
[(𝟏𝟎𝟎 ∗ 𝟔) + 𝟔] ∗ 𝟒 ∗ 𝟏𝟑 = 𝟑𝟏, 𝟓𝟏𝟐 𝒃𝒚𝒕𝒆𝒔
𝟑𝟑𝟔, 𝟔𝟎𝟎 − 𝟑𝟏, 𝟓𝟏𝟐 = 𝟑𝟎𝟓, 𝟎𝟖𝟖 𝒃𝒚𝒕𝒆𝒔 𝒓𝒆𝒎𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒎𝒔
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Example for Stream 2:
Stream 2 = 200 sps, 6 channels, event trigger with 30 seconds pre-event
Therefore:
[(𝟐𝟎𝟎 ∗ 𝟔) + 𝟔] ∗ 𝟒 ∗ (𝟑𝟎 + 𝟕) = 𝟏𝟕𝟖, 𝟒𝟖𝟖 𝒃𝒚𝒕𝒆𝒔
𝟑𝟎𝟓, 𝟎𝟖𝟖 − 𝟏𝟕𝟖, 𝟒𝟖𝟖 = 𝟏𝟐𝟔, 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝒃𝒚𝒕𝒆𝒔 𝒓𝒆𝒎𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒎𝒔
Note: Adding a third continuous stream is possible or you could increase the pre-event
of the second stream by up to 26 seconds.
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3.3 Datastream Parameters

The datastream parameters determine how many datastreams are active, which
channels are included in each datastream, the sample rate and data format for
each stream, and the type of trigger mechanism that the DAS will use to
determine when to activate the stream.
As you select datastream parameters, keep in mind the maximum throughput

for the DAS system and data recording peripherals. Although the DAS units
offer up to eight different, simultaneously active datastreams with sampling
rates of up to 1000 samples per second, the system cannot handle the
maximum settings for all these parameters for any extended recording period.
The following chart lists and explains the available datastream parameters for
the 130 DAS. Note that the default values are explained as they are interpreted
by the DAS, not necessarily as they appear on the user interface.
Parameter Value Range Explanation
Stream Name Any 24-character alphanumeric string The name you assign to all the data
associated with the given
datastream. This field defaults to a
null entry.
Channel(s) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 The channels included in the given
datastream. The default is null; if
you do not select a channel, the
datastream will not include data.
Sample Rate 1, 5, 10, 20, 40, 50, 100, 125, 200, The number of samples per second
250, 500, or 1000 sps that the DAS records from the
input sensor(s).
Data Format 32 or CO The format of data recorded for the
given datastream, either 32-bit, or
compressed (differential). By
default, the DAS records data in the
32-bit format.
Current DAS software forces those
units with 24-bit converters to use
the 32-bit format.
Trigger Type CON The particular trigger mechanism
CRS the DAS will use to determine when
EVT to record data for the particular
EXT datastream. Trigger types and
LEV available trigger parameters are
TIM explained later in this section.
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TML
VOT
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3.3.1 Sample Rate Effects Full-scale Range, Offset, System Noise

Changes in sample rate also produce changes in system noise, regardless of
whether or not the DAS uses a DSP. Generally, sample rate increases raise the
level of system noise.
For more information on sample rate effects, refer to the specifications in the
PCB document for the analog-to-digital converter used in your DAS.
3.3.2 Sample rate groups

The sample rate list can be broken into two groups:
Group One: The following rates are only available when recording a single
sample rate for all streams: 1000, 500, 250, 125, and 50.
Group Two: The following rates may be recorded in any combination within all
streams: 200, 100, 40, 20, 10, 5 and 1.
Case Description Example of
Selection of a sample rate When the user activates any Selection of 125 SPS for Data
from Group One. of the other data streams, the Stream 1.
sample rate chosen must be
the SAME. This means that when Data
Stream 2 is activated the sample
rate is fixed at 125 SPS and
there are no other sample rate
choices available.
Selection of a sample rate When the user activates any Selection of 40 SPS for Data
from Group Two. of the other data streams, Stream 1.
ANY of the group two sample
rates can be chosen. This means that when Data
Stream 2 is activated the choice
is selection of any of Group two
sample rates (200, 100, 50, 40,
20, 10, 5, or 1).
All six channels run at the same base sample rate at this time.
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3.3.3 Datastream Parameter Considerations

This subsection provides information on the following important datastream
parameter considerations for the 130 Data Acquisition Systems:
o The exact number of samples for a given event may slightly exceed the number
you expect based on the parameters you requested.
o The first sample that the DAS records may not exactly reflect the time you
expect.
Number of Samples Recorded Can Exceed Number Requested
The DAS creates a different collection packet for each datastream. Each
collection packet contains a maximum of 1000 bytes of data, up to 250 32-bit
samples.
Because a collection packet contains the same number of samples for each
channel included in the datastream, some parameter combinations (with
different active channels and data size) can waste space at the end of collection
packets. The following chart shows the effects of the number of active channels
and different data sizes on the total number of samples per channel in a given
collection packet:
Number of Channels: 1 2 3 4 5 6
32-bit data 250 125 83 62 50 41
When the DAS activates a trigger for a given datastream, it separates the
samples and provides a data recording block (DT) for each channel included in
the datastream. Because the DAS processes every sample in a full collection
block, the DAS may record more samples for an event than the number you
requested. The following subsection provides examples for clarification.
Examples of Sample Count Calculations
Given a datastream with 3 active 32-bit channels at 125 samples per second
with a 60 second record length, the DAS calculates the sample count as follows:
60 seconds x 125 sps = 7500 samples requested
7500 samples / 83 samples per channel per collection packet = 90.36 collection packets
91 packets actually processed x 83 samples per channel per packet
= 7553 samples per channel actually recorded
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Given a datastream with 6 active 32-bit channels at 125 samples per second
with a 60 second record length, the DAS calculates the sample count as follows:
60 seconds x 125 sps = 7500 samples requested
7500 samples / 41 samples per channel per collection packet = 182.93 collection packets
183 packets actually processed x 41 samples per channel per packet
= 7503 samples per channel actually recorded
Time of First Sample Recorded Can Precede Expected First Sample
The first sample in a recording event (as determined by DAS parameters) is the
sample with a time tag that reflects the trigger time minus the pre-trigger
length (if included). The DAS usually does not record this sample as the first in
a recording packet. The DAS begins recording with the first sample in the
collection packet that contains the first sample in the recording event.
Time of Last Sample Recorded Can Follow Expected Last Sample
The last sample in a recording event for any trigger other than an event trigger
has a time tag that reflects the first recorded sample plus the record length.
The last sample in a recording event for an event trigger has a time tag that
reflects the de-trigger time plus the post-trigger length (but not earlier than
the first recorded sample plus the record length). The DAS usually does not
record this sample as the last sample in a recording packet. The DAS ends
recording with the last sample in the collection packet that contains the last
sample in the recording event.
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3.4 Continuous Trigger
3.4.1 Description
The Continuous Trigger Stream events will perform time alignment when the
record length specified divides into 24 hours (86400 seconds). Each time
acquisition is started, the 130 recorder adjusts the record length of the first
event so that it ends on the last sample before the alignment point that is
calculated. All subsequent events will start exactly at the alignment time and
record the amount of data specified by the record length. If the 130 recorder
has to adjust the internal clock due to a user time set or GPS time set, it will
terminate the current event after the adjustment is made and start a new event
with a record length that ends on the last sample before the alignment time. All
subsequent events will be properly time aligned. The abbreviation, CON,
denotes a continuous trigger.
Record lengths that do not divide into 24 hours will not be time aligned.
Therefore all events recorded will be equal to the record length specified.
3.4.2 Examples
Record Length: 1 hour – 86400 / 3600 = 24 events per 24 hours.
Events will be time aligned.
The first event will be shortened so that all subsequent events will start at HH:00:00.000.
Record Length: 20 minutes – 86400 / 900 = 72 events per 24 hours.
Events will be time aligned.
The first event will be shortened so that all subsequent events will start at HH:00:00.000,
HH:20:00.000 and HH:40:00.000.
Record Length: 3601 seconds – 864000 / 3601 = 23.9933 events per 24 hours.
Events will NOT be time aligned.
The first event and all subsequent events will be 3601 seconds in length.
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3.4.3 Continuous trigger parameters

The following chart describes the only parameters the DAS requires to use a
continuous trigger.
Record Length 60 to 9999 seconds The amount of time that the DAS will record data to
an event. When the record length is reached a new
event will be started.
This field defaults to 3600

Time 1 second increments The initial start time includes the year, Julian day,
hour, minute, and second. The DAS begins recording
when its internal time matches or exceeds the start
time. This field has no default; if you do not set a
start time, the DAS will never record an event for this
datastream.
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3.5 Cross trigger

The Cross trigger specifies that data will be collected on this datastream at the
same time as another datastream. The event length is independent of the
triggering datastream.
3.5.1 Description
With the cross trigger event, you can trigger one datastream in conjunction with
the triggering of another datastream. A cross trigger activates when the
specified datastream triggers. The DAS terminates the event when the record
length is reached. The abbreviation, CRS, denotes a cross trigger.
The cross trigger specifically allows the DAS to collect data at a different rate or
on different channels than those included in the datastream which activated the
trigger.
3.5.2 Cross trigger parameters

The following chart lists and explains the parameters that the DAS requires to
use a cross trigger.
Trigger datastream 1-8 The number of the datastream that, when

triggered, produces a trigger on this datastream.
Record Length 0 to 9999 seconds The amount of time that the DAS will record
data, including the pre-trigger length, to an
event.
If zero is entered, the DAS will not record data,

but will record the event header and event trailer
blocks.
This field defaults to zero

Pre-trigger Length 0 to 991 seconds The amount of data that the DAS will record with
an event before recording the event itself. See
page “Definitions of Common Terms” on page 3-
16 for pre trigger information. This field defaults
to zero.
1 At 200 sps. Longer pre-event is possible at lower sample rates. Contact customer support for more information.
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3.6 Event trigger

The Event trigger specifies that data will be recorded when the ratio between
the Short Term Average (STA) and the Long Term Average (LTA) of the filtered
digital data exceeds a specified ratio for a minimum number of trigger
channels. Only channels that are included in the datastream may be used as
trigger channels, but all included channels are recorded, even if they are not
trigger channels. The length of the recording is always at least the length
specified by the record length, but may be longer when a de-trigger ratio is
specified. The post-trigger length is only used in conjunction with a de-trigger
ratio.
The event trigger is complicated and can be difficult to use. This section
provides a general description, a detailed explanation of the event trigger
parameters plus an explanation of event trigger calculations and some basic
event trigger parameter sets to help guide you in using the event trigger.
3.6.1 Description
An event trigger requires the DAS to perform complex calculations on the data.
The DAS uses each sample from a trigger channel to calculate a short term
average (STA) and a long term average (LTA). The user has the option to apply a
high pass filter and/or a low pass filter to the sample before using it to
calculate the two averages. An event is detected (triggered) when the ratio
between the STA and the LTA exceeds the user-specified value. The DAS
terminates the event when the STA/LTA ratio returns to a level below the user-
specified de-trigger ratio. If you do not specify a de-trigger ratio, the DAS
terminates the event when the record length is reached. In either case, the
recorded data is always at least as long as the record length. The abbreviation
EVT, denotes an event trigger.
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3.6.2 Event trigger parameters

The following chart describes the parameters that the DAS requires to use an
event trigger.
Parameter Range Value Range Explanation
Trigger 1,2,3,4,5,6, The channels used for event calculation. Do not include in the
Channels or any event trigger any channels that are not already included in the
combination datastream.
Minimum 1 to 6 The number of trigger channels which must meet the trigger
Number of criteria before the DAS will activate an event trigger. This value
Channels must not exceed the number of trigger channels included in the
event calculations (as explained above).
Trigger 0.1 to 99.9 The time interval during which the minimum number of
Window seconds channels (above) must meet the trigger criteria for the DAS to
activate an event.
This parameter has no effect when you include only one channel
in the datastream or require only one channel to trigger.
Pre-Event 0 to 991 The amount of preceding data that the DAS will record with an
Length seconds event before recording the event itself.
The term “pre-trigger” is occasionally used synonymously.
Post- 0 to 999.9 The amount of time that the DAS extends the recording after the
trigger seconds de-trigger is declared. A value of zero indicates no post-trigger.
This field defaults to zero.
Record 0 to 9999 The minimum length of the recording for one event. Note that
Length seconds this differs from the record lengths used for other triggers.
If you do not set a de-trigger ratio, the DAS ensures all
recording events have lengths equal to the setting in this field.
If you do set a de-trigger ratio, the minimum length of the

record will be the value of the record length parameter. The
maximum length is the sum of the pre-trigger length, the
length from trigger activation to the de-trigger, and post-
trigger length.
The DAS will immediately activate another event after reaching

the record length if the STA/LTA ratio still exceeds the trigger
ratio.
If you enter a value of zero, the DAS will not record data, but will
record event header and event trailer blocks. This field defaults
to zero.
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STA Length 0 to 999.9 The number of seconds in which the DAS averages data using a
seconds running (exponential) average for STA. The DAS uses mean-
removed data for this calculation. The maximum STA length, in
samples, is 65,536. This field defaults to zero.
LTA Length .1 to 999.9 The number of seconds in which the DAS averages data using a
seconds running (exponential) average for LTA, also using mean-
removed data (as above). You will usually select a value for the
LTA length greater than that for STA length. The maximum LTA
length, in samples, is 65,536; this field defaults to maximum
length.
Trigger 0.1 to 99.9 The value that the STA/LTA ratio must exceed for the DAS to
Ratio activate an event trigger.
Parameter Range Value Range Explanation
De-trigger 0 to 99.9 The value that the STA/LTA must return to after the DAS
Ratio activates an event trigger before the DAS will terminate the
event. This parameter defaults to zero (0), which causes the DAS
to deactivate the trigger within the duration of the record length
parameter after the STA/LTA ratio falls below the trigger ratio.
LTA Hold On or Off A function that, when enabled, cause the DAS to maintain a
(toggle) constant LTA. The DAS holds the LTA from the time it activates
an event until either the de-trigger time (if the de-trigger ratio
is not zero) or the end of the record (based on record length). By
default, the LTA hold function is disabled.
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3.7 External trigger

The External trigger specifies that data will be recorded when an external pulse
is detected by the DAS on the external trigger input line. The DAS terminates
the event when the record length is reached. An external trigger can
synchronize DAS recording with other equipment, such as an air gun or clock.
The abbreviation EXT denotes an External trigger.
3.7.1 Description
The DAS declares an external trigger when it detects a transition from low
(ground) to high (3.3 < volts <= 12) on the external trigger pin (T) of the
NETWORK connector. On schematics, this line is labeled as TRGIN. One way to
provide this transition is to briefly short the COM power pin (G) on the same
connector to the trigger pin using an external closure.
3.7.2 External trigger parameters

use an external trigger.
Record Length 0 to 9999 seconds The amount of time that the DAS will record data,
including the pre-trigger length, to an event.

blocks.
Pre-trigger Length 0 to 991 seconds The amount of data that the DAS will record with
an event before recording the event itself. See
page “Definitions of Common Terms” on page 3-
16 for pre trigger information. This field defaults
to zero.
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3.8 Level Trigger

A level trigger event activates when the absolute value of the filtered, digital
data exceeds a specified threshold. The DAS terminates the event when the
record length is reached. The abbreviation, LEV, denotes a level trigger.
3.8.1 Description
The DAS compares data from all channels included in the level trigger
datastream to determine when to activate a level trigger. When the amplitude of
the digital value of a single sample on a single channel exceeds the trigger level
value, the trigger activates.
3.8.2 Level trigger parameters

use a level trigger.
If zero is entered, the DAS will not record data, but

will record the event header and event trailer blocks.

Pre-trigger Length 1 to 651 seconds The amount of data that the DAS will record with an
event before recording the event itself. See page
“Definitions of Common Terms” on page 3-16 for
pre trigger information. This field defaults to zero.
Examples:
1 to 65 seconds for 6 channels at 200 sps
1 to 130 seconds for 3 channels at 200 sps
1 to 390 seconds for 1 channel at 200 sps
Trigger Level The absolute value range either counts, G’s (based
Cts 0 to 6,291,455 on 4 G FS system), or % of FS above which the input
G’s .0001 to 4 signal will cause a trigger. See the table below for a
% FS 0 to 100 summary.
Hi-Pass Filter Off 0.1 or 2 Hi-Pass Filter corner frequency in Hz. This filter is a
4-pole filter at 0.1 Hz or 2 Hz or Off (no filtering).
Lo-Pass Filter Off or 12 Lo-Pass Filter corner frequency in Hz. This filter is a
4-pole filter at 12 Hz or Off (no filtering).
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The trigger level can be specified in three different ways:
o If the first character of the field is ‘G’ then the field is interpreted as
containing a level in G’s with up to 4 places of precision behind the
decimal point.
o If the first character of the field is ‘%’ then the field is interpreted as
containing a level as an integer percent of full scale.
o Otherwise, the field is interpreted as containing a level in digital counts.
Regardless of how the level is specified, it is converted to digital counts and

compared against the absolute value of the data after filtering, if filtering is
enabled. If sensor sensitivity information is not available from the sensor itself,
the unit assumes the presence of a 4G sensor (1.25 V/G sensitivity) for
converting from a level in G’s to digital counts.
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3.9 Time Interval trigger

The Time Interval trigger specifies that data will be recorded at specified
intervals beginning when a specific time is reached.
3.9.1 Description
A Time Interval trigger event activates when the unit's internal time matches a
specified time. The DAS terminates the event when the record length is
reached. The abbreviation, TIM, denotes a Time Interval trigger.
You can set the Time Interval trigger to repeatedly activate for a fixed or infinite
number of times, at a specified interval. The start time for the time trigger
should be later than, or within a few specified intervals before the current time.
The DAS uses the start time to calculate the next trigger time whenever
parameters are implemented (including during power-up). It uses the previous
trigger time to calculate subsequent triggers.
3.9.2 Time Interval trigger parameters

use a Time Interval trigger.
Start Time 1 second increments The start time includes the year, Julian day, hour,
minute, and second. The DAS begins recording
when its internal time matches the start time. This
field has no default; if you do not set a start time,
the DAS will never record an event for this
datastream.
Number of 0 to 9999 The number of times the DAS will record an event.
Triggers Zero indicates an infinite number of recordings.
This field defaults to 0.
Repeat Interval 1 second to 45 days The length of time between the start of one
recording event and the start of the next,
specified in days, hours, minutes, and seconds.
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blocks.
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3.10Time List trigger

The Time List trigger specifies that data will be recorded at specified times.
3.10.1 Description
A Time List trigger event activates when the units internal time matches one of
up to eleven specified times. The DAS terminates the event when the record
length is reached. The abbreviation TML denotes a Time List trigger.
3.10.2 Time List trigger parameters

use a Time List trigger.
Time 1 YYYYDDDHHMMSS You can activate up to eleven consecutive Time entries.

. Specify the year, Julian day, hour, minute and second at
.Time 11 which you want the DAS to start recording the selected
datastream.
Record 0 to 9999 seconds The amount of time that the DAS will record data,
Length including the pre-trigger length, to an event.
If zero is entered, the DAS will not record data, but will
record the event header and event trailer blocks.
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3.11Vote trigger
The Vote trigger specifies that data will be recorded when the votes for
triggered channels reach the Trigger Minimum Votes. The DAS terminates the
event when votes for de-triggered channels reach the De-trigger Minimum
Votes.
3.11.1 Description
A channel is triggered when it exceeds its individual Trigger Channel Level. If
its Trigger Channel Level is not specified, it is set to MAX and the channel will
never trigger. A channel is de-triggered when it drops below its individual De-
trigger Channel Level. If its De-trigger Channel Level is not specified, it is set
equal to its Trigger Channel Level. Different levels can be used for triggering
and de-triggering a particular channel.
Levels can be specified as Gs (with up to 4 places of precision behind the

decimal point), percent of full scale or counts. All levels must use the same
units. Regardless of how the level is specified, it is converted to digital counts
and compared against the absolute value of the data after filtering, if filtering is
enabled. If sensor sensitivity information is not available from the sensor itself,
the DAS assumes 1.200 volts per G for converting from a level in G’s to digital
counts.
Trigger votes are only calculated before a trigger is declared. A channel is used
to detect a trigger when its Trigger Channel Votes is non-zero. When a channel
exceeds its individual Trigger Channel Level, its votes are included in the
trigger vote count for the duration of the Trigger Window. If the trigger vote
count reaches or exceeds the Trigger Minimum Votes, the DAS declares a
trigger. If the Trigger Minimum Votes is not specified, it is set to MAX and a
trigger will never be declared. After a trigger is detected, the Trigger Window
for each trigger channel is cleared.
De-trigger votes are only calculated after a trigger is declared. A channel is

used for de-triggering when its De-trigger Channel Votes is non-zero. When a
channel falls below its individual De-trigger Channel Level, its votes are
included in the de-trigger vote count. When the de-trigger vote count reaches
or exceeds the De-trigger Minimum Votes, the 130 recorder de-triggers the
event.
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After De-trigger has been declared, the 130 recorder looks for the Re-trigger
condition. Re-trigger occurs if the de-trigger vote count drops below the De-
trigger Minimum Votes. The Trigger Window is used while checking for Re-
trigger. When Retrigger is satisfied during Post-trigger, the 130 recorder
cancels the de-trigger and extends the recording. If the De-trigger Minimum
Votes is not specified, it is set to zero.
When the De-trigger Minimum Votes is satisfied the 130 recorder will continue
to record for the additional Post-Trigger length or until the minimum Record
Length is met.
The length of the recording is always at least the length specified by the Record
Length, but may be longer. If the Record Length is zero, no data is collected.
Instead, an EH packet is recorded when a trigger is detected and an ET packet is
recorded when the de-trigger is detected. If the Record Length is non-zero, the
length of the recording is variable and will include any specified Post-trigger
Length. The recording will have a fixed length equal to the Record Length when
the Post-trigger Length is zero and the De-trigger Minimum Votes is zero.
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3.11.2 Vote trigger parameters

The following chart lists and explains the parameters that the DAS requires to us the
Vote trigger.
Parameter Value Range Default Explanation
Pre-trigger length 0 – 991 0 The amount of additional data the DAS

seconds will record with an event from just prior
to the trigger.
Post-trigger length 0 – 999.9 0 The amount of additional data the DAS
seconds will record with an event from the time
of the de-trigger.
Record length 0 – 9999 0 The minimum amount of data the DAS
seconds will record for an event, beginning with
the pre-trigger data.
Level Units Counts Levels are specified:
G In Gs
% as % of Full Scale
else in digital counts
Trigger Channels 1-G 0 Channel 1 – 16; up to 6 channels may be
specified.
Trigger channel votes 0-9 0 The number of votes assigned to a
corresponding channel for detecting a
trigger.
Trigger channel level MAX The absolute value for a corresponding
Counts 0 – 6,291,455 channel above which it is triggered.
G’s 0.01 –4
% Full Scale 0 - 99
Trigger minimum 1 - 99 MAX Total trigger votes needed to trigger an
votes event.
Trigger window 0.1 – 99.9 0 The time window in which the number of
seconds trigger votes must exceed the minimum
trigger votes for the DAS to activate an
event.
This window is also applied to the
Retrigger check after de-trigger has
been detected.
De-trigger channel 0-9 0 The number of votes assigned to the
votes corresponding channel for detecting a
de-trigger.
De-trigger channel Trigger The absolute value for a corresponding
level channel channel below which it is de-triggered.
Counts 0 – 6,291,455 level
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G’s 0.01 –4
% Full Scale 0 - 99
De-trigger minimum 1 - 99 0 Total de-trigger votes needed to de-
votes trigger an event.
High Pass Corner Off, 0.1 or 2 Off Hi-Pass Filter corner frequency in Hz.
Freq. This is a 4-pole filter at 0.1Hz, 2 Hz or
Off (no filtering).
Low Pass Corner Off or 12 Off Lo-Pass Filter corner frequency in Hz.
Freq. This is a 4-pole filter at 12 Hz or Off (no
filtering).
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4 Parameter Read, Write and Auto Recovery

This Section explains the parameter read, write and auto recovery functions and
how they function in the 130 DAS Recorder.
Under normal conditions the user-accessible parameters and a CRC value,

which define the operational characteristics of the DAS, are maintained in
battery backed ram. This allows the DAS to return to the same state when
power is restored after a power loss. In the event that the CRC is incorrect the
DAS will set all of the parameters to a pre-defined default state. Then the DAS
checks the SPROM. The DAS will use this parameter information in place of the
default values, if a valid parameter set is found.
When the LP (Load Parameter) command is issued the DAS searches its SPROM
for a parameter set to load. If a valid parameter set is found it will be loaded
and implemented.
When the WP (Write Parameter) command is issued, the DAS writes the current
parameters to SPROM. The parameter set is always saved with Acquisition ON.
When a Firmware upgrade is performed, the existing parameters in battery

backed RAM as well as the user parameters in SROM are cleared as part of the
Flash process.
Firmware Parameter Set Location
After CPU Firmware Version 2.8.8 Disk

After 3.2.0 SPROM
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5 Bit Weight in the 130-DAS Family
This section explains the bit weight as reported by the 130 DAS family and how
those bit weights are calculated. The bit weight does not include sensor
response.
5.1 Bit Weight Calculations
One or more REF TEK 24-bit A-D converter boards are used in the REF TEK 130
DAS. These boards use either a 24-bit ADC chip set (CS5372/CS5322) made by
Crystal Semiconductor Corp or a 24-bit ADC (ADS1281 or ADS1282) made by
Texas Instruments Incorporated™. These chips use D-S (delta-sigma)
modulation and digital filtering to produce a 24-bit output word for each data
sample. The 130 DAS sign-extends each 24-bit sample to 32 bits for storage.
Providing a 24-bit output word is not the same as providing 24 bits of range.
With traditional successive approximation ADCs, an n-bit converter provides
the full range of output values. The maximum full scale analog input voltage (V
fs) corresponds to the maximum full scale digital value. Thus the bit weight is
(V fs)/ (2𝑛−1).
This is not the case with some D-S (delta-sigma) ADCs. Due to inherent
limitations in the analog modulator, the output becomes non-linear close to
full-scale. Therefore, REF TEK has built these circuits so that the specified full
scale analog input voltage corresponds to the maximum guaranteed linear
range of the CS5372/CS5322 ADC. This means the bit weight is calculated as (V
fs)/(6,291,456). Enhancements were made for the 130-GSN ADCs that further
affect their bit weight.
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5.2 Bit Weight Variance

The nominal bit weight is based on the theoretical values specified by the
design of the analog circuit. However, variations occur in all manufactured
parts. Therefore, the actual bit weight will vary slightly for every channel of
every instrument. The actual bit weight can be determined by injecting a
precise voltage into each channel and recording the digital output of the
channel. The injected voltage and the observed digital value are then used in
place of the nominal values to calculate a true bit weight
For the REF TEK 130 DAS, the specified full-scale input range is the maximum
range over which the instrument is guaranteed to accurately convert under the
worst case conditions covered by the unit’s operational specification. It is
possible for the unit to convert signals larger than the specified full-scale
range. In this case, the bit weight cannot be guaranteed.
5.3 Effects of Gain

The above descriptions assume that the channel is set for unity gain. If any gain
other than unity is applied, the unity-gain bit weight must be divided by the
applied gain (AG). For example, if the channel gain is set to x100, the nominal
bit weight would be calculated as ((V fs)/ (6,291,456)) / 100.
Two channel gains have been used in the REF TEK 130 DAS; x32 and x100. The
DAS uses either value in the channel parameters to apply gain to the data. The
correct bit-weight for each channel is internally calculated and stored in the
EH/ET recording packets with the data.
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5.4 Reported Bit Weight

Two bit weights are reported by the REF TEK 130 DAS, the adjusted nominal bit
weight and the true bit weight. Both values are stored in the Event Header (EH)
and Event Trailer (ET) packets for an event. The adjusted nominal bit weight is
also reported in the Station/Channel (SC) packets.
The adjusted nominal bit weight is based on the upper 16 bits of the 32-bit
stored sample. The adjusted nominal bit weight is equal to the nominal bit
weight scaled by 16 bits (65536). The adjusted nominal bit weight provides
consistency with earlier REF TEK 16-bit systems.
The true bit weight is based on the full 32-bit stored sample. By default, it is
equal to the nominal bit weight. When precise measurement data is available, it
is a precise true bit weight. This means that every channel of every 130 unit
may report a different true bit weight.
GSN
A/D RT505-B04 RT649-B05 RT505-B07 RT608 RT505-B09

Board -B05 –B06 RT581 RT567-B01
-B06 RT649-B01
-B12 RT649-B02
RT649-B08
RT649-B09
RT650-B09
Analog Input 10V 10V 10V 10V 20V
(20V p-p) (20V p-p) (20V p-p) (20V p-p) (40V p-p)
True nominal bit weight 1.5895 uV 1.5895 uV 1.5895 uV 1.5895 uV 2.752 uV
Adjusted nominal bit
104.17 mV 104.17 mV 104.17 mV 104.17 mV 180.3 mV
weight
2nd gain stage X32 X32 - - X32

True nominal bit weight 49.671 nV 49.671 nV - - 85.99 nV
Adjusted nominal bit
3.2552 mV 3.2552 mV - - 5.635 mV
weight
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5.5 REF2SEGY Conversion Values

The IRIS-PASSCAL group provides a package of utilities for UNIX workstations
for processing data recorded by the 130. These utilities are NOT supported by
REF TEK. However, the following information is provided to resolve confusion
about values stored in the header of a SEGY file produced by the IRIS utility
REF2SEGY.
The SEGY header has two fields used to convert the digital data back to input
voltage. These fields are labeled Gain Constant and Scale Factor. To convert the
digital data to voltage using these two values you must multiply the data by the
Scale Factor and divide by the Gain Constant.
Confusion over these fields arises because the fields have not been used in a
consistent manner. For some data, REF2SEGY always sets the Gain Constant
field to 1 and the Scale Factor field to the appropriate bit weight. For other
data, 24 bit A/D data, REF2SEGY sets the Gain Constant to a selected gain value
and sets the Scale Factor to the bit weight for unity gain. Both ways of filling in
the fields produce the correct conversion.
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6 Monitor Function
This Section explains the data monitor function and how it functions in the 130
DAS Recorder.
6.1 Overview
The data monitor function operates on an activated datastream. The user can
view any active channels in the selected datastream one at a time. This data is
intended for simple display purposes, not for precise data analysis. The sample
rate is not directly controllable by the user, but is based on the current rate of
the requested channel of the requested datastream. Also refer to the
description of the command in the 130 Command and Recording documents
for further explanation of this command structure and response.
When the 130 DAS receives the command it copies data for the specified
channel from the datastream and passes it through a 20 Hz low-pass filter. It
then decimates the signal to 20 sps. The first 20 samples out of the filter (one
second of data) are thrown away (this allows the filter to ring out). The next
160 samples (eight seconds of data) are returned to the user. If an inactive
channel or datastream is selected, the data returns a “zero” data value. The data
is broken up into a sequence of response packets rather than a single response
packet. The number of data points in a packet is variable.
Refer to the PFC_130 Users Guide for an example implementation of this

function on the PDA device with a 130 DAS.
-OR-
Refer to the iFSC Users Guide for an example implementation of this function
on the iPod device with a 130 DAS.
Note: A datastream must be configured before the Data Monitor will return data.
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7 130 Time
This Section explains how time is handled in the REF TEK 130 DAS.
7.1 Overview
The REF TEK 130 contains a Real Time Clock (RTC) that provides initial time at
power up. Thereafter, time is maintained by a combination of a field
programmable gate array (FPGA), a voltage controlled crystal oscillator (VCXO)
and software. The time can be changed by the user or set using an external
time source. The RTC is updated whenever time is set.
Internal time is broken into seconds since January 1, 2000 and sub-seconds.
The sub-seconds are incremented by the FPGA, which also generates a 1Hz
interrupt. Software responds to the interrupt to update the seconds.
Internal time can be synchronized to one of three supported external time

sources. Each time source produces a 1Hz pulse and NMEA time sentences. The
FPGA contains logic that measures the difference between the internal 1Hz and
the external 1Hz. Software uses these measurements to adjust the VCXO to
align the two 1Hz pulses. It uses the NMEA messages to change the internal
time.
7.2 VCXO Hardware

The VCXO is a temperature-compensated, voltage-controlled oscillator that
runs at 2.048 MHz (nominal) from a 5-volt power source. It is located on the
CPU board (RT506) of a REF TEK 130 DAS. The VCXO frequency is controlled by
a 16-bit D/A that outputs from 0 to 4.096 volts corresponding to a digital input
of 0 to 65535 (FFFFh). The digital value is accessed through a register in the
FPGA on the CPU board. Output of mid-range voltage by the D/A produces the
nominal VCXO frequency. Increasing the D/A voltage to its maximum decreases
the VCXO frequency by approximately 10 Hz (5 ppm). Decreasing the D/A
voltage to 0 increases the VCXO frequency by approximately 10 Hz. This
corresponds to a control resolution of 1.5 e-10 Hz per D/A count.
The FPGA on the CPU board also contains a 32-bit sub-second counter. The
counter ranges from 0 to 2047999. The count is left-shifted by 5 bits so that
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the value in the upper 16 bits of the register indicates milliseconds from 0 to
999. When the rising edge of an external pulse (1Hz) is detected, the FPGA
latches the current value of the 32-bit counter into a read-only phase
measurement register in the FPGA.
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7.3 Phase Measurement

When the latched phase measurement is a value less than half-scale, the
internal 1Hz is considered to be ahead of the external 1Hz. aligning the pulses
requires that the VCXO be slowed down by increasing the D/A value. When the
latched phase measurement is a value greater than half-scale, the internal 1Hz
is considered to be behind the external 1Hz. Aligning the pulses requires that
the VCXO be sped up by decreasing the D/A value.
7.4 Phase Lock Algorithm

The algorithm used to align the internal 1Hz to the external 1 Hz makes two
D/A corrections, one to correct for drift and a second to correct for phase. At
the beginning of the each phase lock cycle, the phase correction is removed so
that an accurate drift correction can be calculated.
The 130 DAS goes through the following steps during each phase lock cycle:
1. Wake up the GPS.
2. Remove the D/A phase correction of the previous cycle,
3. Wait for the external clock to lock.
4. If the internal clock has not previously been ‘jerked’ to match the external 1Hz,
perform a ‘jerk. This necessitates a re-sync of the A/D converter(s).
5. If time has not been set, use the next GPRMC sentence to set time.
6. Take initial phase reading, wait 30 seconds and take a second phase reading. Adjust
the D/A based on the difference between the two readings. This adjusts for drift.
7. Make a second adjustment to the D/A based on the second phase reading. This
adjusts for phase.
8. Put the 130 GPS to sleep.
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7.5 External Time Sources

The 130 DAS supports three external time sources; two models of the REF TEK
130 GPS and the REF TEK 130 Time Converter. All devices output a 1Hz pulse
and serial information at 19200 bps (n, 8, 1). The standard NMEA sentences
GPGGA and GPRMC are used to determine time and position.
The original 130 GPS contained a SiRF GPS module manufactured by uBlox™. Its
primary output is a proprietary binary protocol, but it can also output a limited
number of NMEA sentences, including the GPRMC and GPGGA sentences. The
130 DAS awakens the 130 GPS every 20 minutes to perform a phase lock cycle.
The newer 130 GPS contains a Garmin 15H/L GPS module. This GPS does not
have a low-power sleep state, but is powered down between phase lock cycles
to conserve power. It stores satellite information in battery-backed RAM
allowing it to quickly lock to GPS satellites when it is powered on by the 130
DAS. By default, the Garmin GPS operates at 4800 bps and outputs numerous
standard and Garmin-proprietary NMEA sentences. The receiver is pre-
configured at REF TEK to transmit at 19200 bps and to output only the GPRMC
and GPGGA sentences. This configuration is stored in its built-in non-volatile
RAM. The 130 DAS powers on the Garmin-based 130 GPS every 20 minutes to
perform a phase lock cycle.
The 130 Time Converter accepts input from a TrueTime-format clock at 9600
bps (odd, 8, 1) and produces the NMEA GPRMC sentence used by the 130 DAS
to manage time. It also outputs a REF TEK proprietary PRTKI sentence used by
the 130 DAS to identify the Time Converter. It does NOT generate the GPGGA
message. When the 130 DAS detects the presence of the 130 Time Converter, it
continuously cycles through the phase lock algorithm rather than waiting 20
minutes between cycles.
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7.6 Time Source Detection

The 130 DAS must distinguish between the three supported time sources in
order to properly manage GPS power. It re-detects the clock type during each
GPS wake cycle. A GPS power cycle begins when GPS power is turned on and
ends when GPS power it turned off. A GPS wake cycle begins when a GPS reset
pulse is output and ends when the GPS is put to sleep or is powered down. A
phase lock cycle begins when the previous phase correction is removed from
the VCXO D/A and ends when a new phase correction is applied to the VCXO
D/A.
GPS Power Cycle Start
GPS Wait Cycle Start
Phase Lock Cycle Start
Phase Lock Algorithm
Phase Lock Cycle End

GPS Wake Cycle End
GPS Power Cycle End
Figure 7—1 Phase Lock
Each time GPS power is turned on (start of a GPS power cycle), the DAS waits 15
seconds and outputs a reset pulse (start of a GPS wake cycle). It then issues the
SiRF-proprietary command to request the SiRF software version. (The Garmin
and the Time Converter ignore this SiRF-proprietary command.) If the DAS
receives the appropriate response, it notes the receiver type as a SiRF and
issues the necessary SiRF commands to place the SiRF receiver into the correct
operating state, including switching to NMEA output mode.
If the DAS did not receive the appropriate response to the SiRF software
request, it issues a REF TEK-proprietary NMEA command that only the Time
Converter recognizes. If it receives the appropriate response, it notes the time
source type as a REF TEK Time Converter.
If the firmware has still not determined the receiver type, it issues the Garmin-
proprietary command to enable a Garmin-proprietary NMEA sentence. If it
receives the appropriate NMEA sentence, it notes the time source as a Garmin.
If the firmware has determined the time source, it begins a phase lock cycle.
Otherwise, it turns off GPS power for 10 minutes and repeats the process.
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7.7 Cycle Behavior

The DAS behaves differently at the end of a phase lock cycle depending on the
number of phase lock cycles it has performed. The DAS performs 20 phase lock
cycles before it terminates the first GPS wake cycle. On subsequent GPS wake
cycles, it performs one phase lock cycle per GPS wake cycle.
If the time source is the Time Converter, the DAS immediately repeats the GPS
wake cycle without ever terminating the GPS power cycle. This means that GPS
power remains on indefinitely.
If the time source is a 130-GPS, the DAS turns of GPS power, ending a GPS
power cycle. The next GPS power cycle is scheduled for 20 minutes later.
7.7.1 GPS Duty Cycle

This option sets exactly how the GPS will be used to phase lock the internal
VCXO. The available options are Continuous, Duty-Cycle, and OFF.
Option Description
Continuous The GPS is never turned OFF and the 130 performs its GPS Phase Lock cycles
continuously.
Cycled During each GPS wake cycle, the GPS is powered ON for 20 minutes. The GPS is
then powered OFF until 40 minutes after the hour. If the end of the first GPS
wake cycle occurs between 40 minutes after the hour and the top of the hour,
the next GPS wake cycle starts at 40 minutes past the hour.
OFF The 130 will turn the GPS ON for the first GPS wake cycle. After the first GPS
wake cycle, the GPS is powered OFF and never powered ON again.
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8 Offset
This Section explains the offset function and how it functions in the 130 DAS
Recorder.
8.1 Offset Option with a handheld

Use the Offset option to record each channels offset and to store an offset
correction value. The stored value is removed from each data sample as it is
recorded to the datastream.
Note: The offset is an average taken over the specified length of time. Precaution should
be taken so as to not disturb the sensor while the offset calculation is occurring.
1. Select the Offset option to choose an active stream and to set an offset length (time
in sec).
2. At the Offset settings screen select the Calculate button to calculate an offset.
3. Select the Store button to store the new offset.
4. To update the offset select the Update window to calculate and display the results.
The Measured offset is the average value for each channel over the specified
length of time. The Measured offset includes the subtraction of the currently
Stored offset value. This calculation is done within the DAS on every data
sample.
The stored value is the currently stored value in the DAS. The DAS is currently
subtracting this stored value from every data sample.
The New offset value is the negated difference value (Measured - Stored). The
new value replaces the Stored offset value in the DAS when the Store button is
selected.
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9 Sensor Control - RT527

This Section describes the handling of calibration issues using the RT527
Sensor Control Board (SCB).
9.1 Scope
This board is an optional board which contains circuitry to support the
reporting of auxiliary channel data, mass re-centering and calibration signal
output for two sensors.
9.2 Channel Connector Signals

Each channel connector of the REF TEK 130 has the following pin-out:
Pin Name Direction Description
A Ch1+ In Channel 1 Input +

B Ch1- In Channel 1 Input -
C Ch2+ In Channel 2 Input +
D Ch2- In Channel 2 Input -
E Ch3+ In Channel 3 Input +
F Ch3- In Channel 3 Input -
G AGnd - Analog Ground
H Pwr Out Sensor Power (+12v)
J PGnd - Power Ground
K CalEn- Out Calibration Enable - active low (GND)
L CalEn+ Out Calibration Enable - active high (+5v)
M Center- Out Center Enable - active low (+5v)
N CalSig Out Calibration Signal (+/- 5v)
P Aux1 In Aux (Mass Position) Channel 1
R Aux 2 In Aux (Mass Position) Channel 2
S Aux 3 In Aux (Mass Position) Channel 3
T DGnd - Digital Ground
U Center+ Out Center Enable - active high (+5v)
V SID In/Out Sensor ID
The CalEn and Center pins are tri-state under normal operation conditions.
These pins are driven to their stated output level when in active use.
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9.3 Sensor Test Signals

Sensors vary in the number and type of signals they support. The following
table shows some common sensors used with the REF TEK 130:
PINS P, R, S U M L K N
Default* Aux(3) Center + Center - CalEn+ CalEn- CalSig
Other Sensor:
REF TEK 131A - - - TestEn - -

REF TEK 147 - - - TestEn - -
REF TEK 151 Mass Pos(3) Center+ - CalEn+ - CalSig(1)
REF TEK 153
GARULP 3T Mass Pos(3) Unlock- Center- Lock- CalEn CalSig(1)

STS Family
Trillium Family
*NOTE: Default usage: Matches usage for RT527 prior to revision D.
9.4 Sensor Type Information
Sensor Type Character inserted into 12th position the Sensor FW Version
Model field based on the Sensor Type selected Implemented
REF TEK 151 R Version 3.4.1S

GARULP 3T G Version 3.4.1S
STS Family S Version 3.4.1S
Trillium Family T Version 3.4.1S
Other O Version 3.4.1S
9.5 Auxiliary Channels

Three auxiliary channels are provided on each sensor connector. Each channel
connects to a 12-bit A/D converter with an input range of +/- 10v. These
channels are read once per second and stored as left-justified, 2’s-compliment,
16-bit values. This equates to a bit-weight of 305.2 uV. These channels can be
used to measure mass position or other auxiliary input data, such as
temperature and wind speed. The current readings of the auxiliary channels are
available on demand using the Auxiliary Data status response (SS:AD).
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9.6 Mass re-center

Mass re-centering can be performed on-demand or automatically.
The Sensor Calibration – Mass re-center (SK:M) command forces activation of

the Center pins of the specified sensor for 7 seconds.
Automatic re-centering is enabled using the PQ parameters. This requires that

the auxiliary input channels are connected to the mass position outputs of the
sensor.
Parameter Range Description
Sensor 1–2 Sensor number

Level Vertical 0.1 – 9.9 Voltage level that triggers re-centering
Cycle Interval 0 – 99 Days between re-center cycles, 0 = disabled
Level Horizontal 0.1 – 9.9 Voltage level that triggers re-centering
Attempts 1 - 20 Maximum attempts per re-center cycle,
0 = disable
Attempt Interval 5 – 59 Minutes between attempts in a cycle, 0 = single attempt
At power-up or after a reset there is a 3 hour delay, to allow the sensor to

stabilize, before mass position sampling begins.
9.6.1 Original Mass Centering Operation

After the power-up/reset delay a mass re-centering is performed at ‘PQ’ Cycle
Interval days. This is the behavior of the DAS when the software and firmware
requirements listed below are not meet.
9.6.2 Enhanced Mass Centering Operation

Requires iFSC 1.2 or greater and DAS firmware 3.4.0 or greater.
Mass position is sampled once per minute for each channel and a running
average of the last 16 samples is compared to the ‘PQ’ Level to determine when
the sensor needs to be re-centered. When a re-center is issued, mass position
sampling is suspended for ‘PQ’ Attempt Interval minutes. When sampling
resumes, 16 samples are collected before the running average calculation is
performed and compared to the ‘PQ’ Level. Each time the first 16 samples
produce an average greater than the ‘PQ’ Level, a re-center attempts counter is
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incremented. Whenever 17 or more readings are taken before the 16 sample

running average is over the ‘PQ’ Level threshold, the re-center attempts counter
is set back to 0. If the re-center attempts counter reaches the ‘PQ’ Attempts
value, mass re-centering is suspended for ‘PQ’ Cycle Interval days.
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9.7 Calibration Signals

The calibration signal is created by a 16-bit D/A that produces up to a +/-
3.75 Volts waveform on the CalSig pin. The waveform is defined by a table of
D/A values in RAM that are written to the D/A using DMA. The table is created
based on the Calibration Parameters (PK) entered by the user.
Two types of signals are available: user-defined and a pre-defined set. Not all
of the PK parameters are applicable to all signal types.
Parameter Range Description
Sensor 1-4 Sensor number

Duration 1-9999 Integer seconds duration of user-defined calibration
signal
Amplitude 0.01-3.75 Positive peak voltage
Output signal is ± of user entered value
Signal Selection User-defined Signal types: Step, Sine, Noise
Pre-defined Signal types: Random-SP, Random-LP,
Random-BB, Sweep-SP, Sweep-LP, Sweep-BB
Width 1-4999 Step: Pulse width in seconds
Interval 1-4999 Step: Seconds between opposite polarity pulses
Frequency 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, Sine: Frequency in Hz
10, 20, 25, 40,
50, or 100
Note: Starting with firmware version 2.9.6 the “Sensor Model” field of the Channel
Parameters command is checked for the string “MS2007+”. If this string is found in any
channel of a sensor group then the calibration signal for that group is modified to be
positive ONLY (0-3.75 Volts). This ONLY applies to the Step, Sine and Noise signals.
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9.7.1 User-Defined Calibration Signals

The user-defined waveforms are output to the D/A at a rate of 1 value per
millisecond.
9.7.1.1 Step signal
The Step signal is a bi-polar step function. The Width specifies the width of
each pulse. The Interval determines the time from the start of one pulse to the
start of the next pulse. Pulses alternate between positive and negative voltage
of the specified amplitude. The D/A is updated each millisecond.
9.7.1.2 Sine signal
The Sine signal is a sine wave centered at 0v with the specified peak amplitude
and the specified frequency. The frequency must be an integer divisor of 1000
up to 100; 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 20, 25, 40, 50, or 100. The D/A is updated each
millisecond.
9.7.1.3 Noise signal
The Noise signal is pseudo-random noise centered at 0v with the specified

peak amplitude. The signal is synthesized using the MatLab rand() function.
This generator produces 60000 points and outputs an integer from 0 to 32767.
The integer is offset to produce integers from –16384 to +16383 and then
scaled based on the desired amplitude. Due to RAM limitations, the actual
period of the synthesized signal is 60 seconds. The D/A is updated each
millisecond. The calibration signal is output on demand using the Sensor
Calibration – Signal (SK:S) command.
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9.7.2 Pre-defined Calibration Signals

There are six pre-defined calibration signals. Random-SP, Random-LP and
Random-BB were created with the MATLAB ‘rand()’ function. Swept-SP, Swept-
LP and Swept-BB were created with the MATLAB ‘chirp()’ function. Each signal
is created by a 16-bit D/A that produces a +/- amplitude waveform on the
CalSig pin. The waveform is defined by a table of D/A values in RAM that are
written to the D/A using DMA. See Note.
Signal Type Duration Amplitude Frequency Content Comments
Random-SP 60 sec. 0.01 - 3.75V Random Noise D/A sample rate 1000
sps
Random-LP 300 sec. 0.01 - 3.75V Random Noise D/A sample rate 200 sps
Random-BB 3000 sec. 0.01 - 3.75V Random Noise D/A sample rate 20 sps
Swept-SP 60 sec. 0.01 - 3.75V Swept Sinewave D/A sample rate 1000
50 sec. – 100 Hz sps
Swept-LP 3000 sec. 0.01 3.75V Swept Sinewave D/A sample rate 20 sps
2500 sec. – 2 Hz
Swept-BB* 60 sec. 0.01 - 3.75V Swept Sinewave D/A sample rate 1000
50 sec. – 100 Hz sps
300 sec. No Output No Output Settling Time
3000 sec. Same as 60 Swept Sinewave D/A sample rate 20 sps
sec. 2500 sec. - 2 Hz
Total Time
3360 sec.
Note: If Swept-BB is used as the calibration signal the manual test button in the control
interface (PFC or iFSC) program will not activate the test. The Swept-BB waveform can
only be started as a scheduled calibration.
Note: In order for these Pre-defined waveforms to function, CPU Firmware version 2.8.4
and an RT527 board with FPGA Version C01 or later is required.
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9.8 MATLAB Script for Generating Random Predefined Waveforms
%------------------------------------------------
% logsweptsine.m
% modified 11/16/06 by jfr
% created by tld
% 10/04/2006
%
%
% This routine generates a logarithmic Swept Sinewave
% It was created to automate the generation of
% a ‘c’ header file to be compiled for a 130
% RT527 calibration board.
% The following variables are used to define
% the waveforms characteristics.
% The output is scaled to a 16 bit integer
% hexidecimal value with a ground reference
% at 0x8000.
% The scaled output is formatted and written
% to a ‘C’ .h file.
%------------------------------------------------
clear
final = 1;
% parameters used to generate waveform

% these parms are needed by the matlab chirp function
range_start = 0;
range_end = 60 - .001;
step = .001;
start_freq = .02;
start_period = 1 / start_freq;
stop_freq = 100;
stop_period = 1 / stop_freq;
stop_time = 60;
phase = -90;
total_pts = stop_time / step; %nsa
freq_steps = stop_time / (stop_period - start_period); %alfa
%------------------------------------------------
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%other variables used for signal generation

% maximum d/a output
da_max = 32767;
%scale factor for maximum peak output
max_amp = 3.75;
%peak amplitude x2 for peak to peak
peak_amp = 3.75;
%peak_amp = 1.875;
%peak_amp = .05;
% name of file and array created
file_out = ‘logswept’;
%file_out = ‘swept_sp’;
%file_out = ‘swept_lp’;
% set range and step values

x = range_start:step:range_end;
% calculate scaling factor

scale = (da_max * (peak_amp / max_amp));
% generate swept sinewave using chirp cosine gernerator

%LINEAR SWEPT SINE
%%y = chirp(x, start_freq, stop_time, stop_freq, ‘linear’, phase);
%NEW LOGARITHMIC SWEPT SINE

for i=1:total_pts
t = i / total_pts * stop_time;
y(i) = sin(2 * pi * freq_steps * log(1 + t / freq_steps / start_period));
end
% waveform generated is scaled and attenutated as needed

% in this loop
for i=1:60000
% this calculation attenuates the signal
% w(i)=y(i)/(2^(i*15/60000));
% This replaces the attenuated signal witha fixed amplitute
w(i) = y(i);
%scale data to 16 bit integer values
d(i)=fix(w(i)* scale);
% convert 16 bit interger to signed hexidecimal
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if(d(i) < 0)
h(i) = (65535 + (d(i) + 1));
else
h(i) = d(i);
end
end
%end of waveform generation routine
%------------------------------------------------
%plot selection for verification of the waveform genereated

plot(w);
%plot(h);
if final == 1;
%------------------------------------------------
% write floating point values to file
out = sprintf(‘%s.dat’, file_out);
fidb=fopen(out,’w’);
for i=1:60000
if mod(i,5)
fprintf(fidb, ‘%1.7f, ‘,w(i));
else
fprintf(fidb,’%1.7f,\r\n’,w(i));
end
end
fclose(fidb);
% end of floating point file output
%------------------------------------------------
%------------------------------------------------
% write scaled decimal values to file
out = sprintf(‘%s.dec’, file_out);
fidd=fopen(out,’w’);
for i=1:60000
if mod(i,5)
fprintf(fidd, ‘%d, ‘,d(i));
else
fprintf(fidd, ‘%d,\r\n’,d(i));
end
end
fclose(fidd);
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% end of scaled deciaml file output

%------------------------------------------------
%------------------------------------------------
% write signed hexidecimal values to file
% this data is formatted to match ‘C’ .h header file syntax
out = sprintf(‘%s.h’, file_out);
fida=fopen(out,’w’);
fprintf(fida, ‘/************************************************\r\n’);
fprintf(fida, ‘ Parameters used to generate waveform in Matlab\r\n’);
fprintf(fida, ‘ range_start: %6.4f range_end:
%6.4f\r\n’,range_start,range_end);
fprintf(fida, ‘ start_freq: %6.4f stop_freq:
%6.4f\r\n’,start_freq,stop_freq);
fprintf(fida, ‘ step: %6.4f stop_time: %6.4f\r\n’,step,stop_time);
fprintf(fida, ‘ phase: %d\r\n’,phase);
fprintf(fida, ‘ max_amp: %5.3f peak_amp: %5.3f\r\n’,max_amp,peak_amp);
fprintf(fida, ‘ da_max: %d\r\n’,da_max);
fprintf(fida, ‘ file_out: %s\r\n’,file_out);
fprintf(fida, ‘*************************************************/\r\n’);
fprintf(fida, ‘const UINT16\t%s[] = {\r\n\t’, file_out);
for i=1:60000
if mod(i,10)
fprintf(fida, ‘0x%04x, ‘,h(i));
else
if(i < 60000)
fprintf(fida, ‘0x%04x,\r\n\t’,h(i));
else
fprintf(fida, ‘0x%04x\r\n};’,h(i));
end
end
end
fclose(fida);
% end of singed hexidecimal file out .h header file
%------------------------------------------------
end %file output
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10 Auxiliary Data Recording

This Section describes the recording of auxiliary data in the 130 DAS Recorder.
The auxiliary data is captured using the RT527 Sensor Control board (SCB), the
RT576 Auxiliary Channels board and the RT506 CPU board.
10.1Auxiliary Channels
Up to 16 channels of auxiliary data may be recorded as a continuous, 16-bit
data stream (stream 9). Time alignment is never performed on the auxiliary
stream. Three auxiliary channels are provided on each of the 2 sensor
connectors. A separate AUX connector provides inputs for 8 additional
auxiliary channels. The remaining channels are connected internally.
The auxiliary channels on the sensor connectors are sampled on the RT527
Sensor Control Board. These channels connect to 12-bit A/D converters with
an input range of +/- 10v. This equates to a bit-weight of 305.2 uV. These
channels can be used to record mass positions from a broadband sensor or
other auxiliary input data. These channels are recorded as auxiliary channels 1
– 6. If a second SCB is installed, its auxiliary channels are recorded as channels
7 – 12. For more information on these channels, refer to the information for
the Sensor Control Board.
The auxiliary channels on the AUX connector are sampled on the RT576
Auxiliary Channels Board. These channels connect to a 16-bit A/D converter
with an input range of +/- 10v. These channels are read and stored as left-
justified, 2’s-compliment, 16-bit values. This equates to a bit-weight of 305.2
uV. These channels are recorded as auxiliary channels 7 – 14. Therefore, the
RT576 cannot be installed along with a second RT527 board. These channels
can be configured for single-ended or differential input in pairs. When a pair of
channels is configured as a differential input, its upper channel is not available.
The channel pairs are 7/11, 8/12, 9/13, and 10/14.
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The remaining auxiliary channels are sampled on the RT506 CPU board. These
channels connect to a 10-bit A/D built into the microprocessor. These
channels are read and stored as left-justified, 2’s-compliment, 16-bit signed
values. Channel 13 is used to measure RAM backup battery voltage. It has an
input range of 0 – 3.34v, resulting in a bit-weight of 101.92 uV. Channels 14
and 15 are used to measure charger voltage and input voltage, respectively,
with an input range of 0 – 20.875v. This results in a bit-weight of 637 uV.
Channel 16 is used to measure temperature. It has an input range of 0 – 512
×K (Kelvin), resulting in a bit-weight of 15.626 ×mK. Channels 13 and 14 will
be overwritten by data from the RT576 AUX board, when installed.
The following tables show the arrangement of the auxiliary channels for
recording. T = Temperature, V = input Voltage, R = RAM battery voltage, C =
Charger voltage, S = Sensor connector, A = Auxiliary connector.
RT506 only
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R C V T
RT506 and RT527
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
S1-1 S1-2 S1-3 S2-1 S2-2 S2-3 0 0 0 0 0 0 R C V T
RT506 and two RT527(s)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
S1-1 S1-2 S1-3 S2-1 S2-2 S2-3 S3-1 S3-2 S3-3 S4-1 S4-2 S4-3 R C V T
RT506 and RT527 and RT576
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
S1-1 S1-2 S1-3 S2-1 S2-2 S2-3 A-7 A-8 A-9 A-10 A-11 A-12 A-13 A-14 V T
RT506 and RT576
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
0 0 0 0 0 0 A-7 A-8 A-9 A-10 A-11 A-12 A-13 A-14 V T
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10.2Recording Auxiliary Channels

The auxiliary channels can be recorded by setting up the Auxiliary Data
Parameters (PA). When recorded, all included auxiliary channels are recorded at
the same interval (1 second or 10 seconds) using simple decimation. The
auxiliary data is recorded as Data Stream 9 in 16-bit format.
10.3Auxiliary Connector Signals

The Auxiliary channel connector of the REF TEK 130 has the following pin-out:
Pin Name Single-ended Differential
A Aux 7 chn 7 chn 7+

B Aux 8 chn 8 chn 8+
C Aux 9 chn 9 chn 9+
D Aux 10 chn 10 chn 10+
E Aux 11 chn 11 chn 7-
F Aux 12 chn 12 chn 8-
H Aux 13 chn 13 chn 9-
J Aux 14 chn 14 chn 10-
K GND Ground Ground
L GND Ground Ground
M GND Ground Ground
N GND Ground Ground
P GND Ground Ground
R GND Ground Ground
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11 REF TEK 130 IIR filters

This Section describes the IIR filter implementation in the REF TEK 130. The
other three filters are used by the Vote trigger prior to trigger detection. No
decimation is performed on the data.
11.1Scope
This document describes the IIR filter implementation in the REF TEK 130 DAS.
The IIR filters are used with the Vote trigger calculations, the Level trigger
calculations, the Event trigger calculations and the monitor function.
11.2IIR Algorithm
The IIR filter routine applies a one-pole or two-pole Butterworth IIR filter to the
input data twice in succession, producing the effect of a two-pole or four-pole
filter, respectively. No decimation is performed by the filter routine itself.
The general algorithm for the IIR filter is:
y(n) = {(B[0]*x[n])
+ (B[1]*x[n-1])
+ (B[2]*x[n-2])
...
- (A[1]*y[n-1])
- (A[2]*y[n-2])
... } / A[0]
The number of ‘A’ and ‘B’ coefficients is directly related to the number of poles
of the filter. A two-pole filter has three ‘A’ and three ‘B’ coefficients. A four-
pole filter has five of each.
The algorithm implemented in the REF TEK 130 has been modified from the
general algorithm in the following ways:
o The divide is not performed, since A[0] is always 1.

o The coefficients have been scaled by 230 so that integer arithmetic can be
performed using a 32-bit x 32-bit multiply/accumulate (MAC) process that
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produces a 64-bit result. This result is then right-shifted by 30 bits to remove

the effect of the scaling.
o The order of the coefficients and the resulting calculations has been changed to
make it easier to perform the MAC calculations.
o The A coefficients have been negated (except A[0]) so that calculations with the
A coefficients are an extension of the calculations with the B coefficients.
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The actual algorithm used for the IIR filter is:
y(n) = {((B[2] << z)*x[n-2])

+ ((B[1] << z)*x[n-1])
+ ((B[0] << z)*x[n])
+ ((-A[2] << z)*y[n-2])
+ ((-A[1] << z)*y[n-1])
} >> z
11.3Filter Characteristics
There are 4 IIR filters: 12 Hz (low pass), 6 Hz (low pass), 2 Hz (high pass) and
0.1 Hz (high pass). There is a different pair of A and B coefficients for each
input sample rate for each filter. The coefficients were generated using the
butter() function of the Matlab ® Signal Processing Toolkit. No filtering is
performed if the input sample rate is below 40 samples per second.
Filter Hz Band # Poles σ(real) +/- -ϳ ω
0.1 High pass 1 1 0

1 1 0
2 High Pass 2 0.707 0.707
6 Low Pass 2 0.707 0.707
12 Low Pass 2 0.707 0.707
11.4Filter Use
The 6 Hz filter is only used with the monitor function. The monitor function
itself decimates the output data to 20 samples per second, depending on the
input rate.
The other filters are used by the Event trigger, Level trigger and Vote trigger
prior to trigger detection. Filtering can be turned OFF, in which case no
calculations are performed.
11.5Filter Buffers
Since the number of coefficients is small, this implementation employs double
buffering of the input values to reduce the processing overhead that would be
required if using a true circular buffer. A 'sliding window' is then used to
perform the MAC. The arrays are initialized to zero and the first input value is
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stored at x(MAX_COEF-1) and at x(2*MAX_COEF-1) so that an output value can

be calculated for the first input value, instead of having to wait for the
MAX_COEFth sample.
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11.6Filter Coefficients (unscaled)

Freq SR B1 B2 B3 A1 A2 A3
00.1 1000 +0.9996859394 -0.9996859394 +0.0000000000 +1.0000000000 -0.9993718788 +0.0000000000

00.1 0500 +0.9993720759 -0.9993720759 +0.0000000000 +1.0000000000 -0.9987441518 +0.0000000000
00.1 0250 +0.9987449394 -0.9987449394 +0.0000000000 +1.0000000000 -0.9974898789 +0.0000000000
00.1 0200 +0.9984316659 -0.9984316659 +0.0000000000 +1.0000000000 -0.9968633318 +0.0000000000
00.1 0125 +0.9974930213 -0.9974930213 +0.0000000000 +1.0000000000 -0.9949860426 +0.0000000000
00.1 0100 +0.9968682358 -0.9968682358 +0.0000000000 +1.0000000000 -0.9937364715 +0.0000000000
00.1 0050 +0.9937559650 -0.9937559650 +0.0000000000 +1.0000000000 -0.9875119299 +0.0000000000
00.1 0040 +0.9922070637 -0.9922070637 +0.0000000000 +1.0000000000 -0.9844141274 +0.0000000000
02.0 1000 +0.9911535951 -1.9823071902 +0.9911535951 +1.0000000000 -1.9822289298 +0.9823854506
02.0 0500 +0.9823854385 -1.9647708771 +0.9823854385 +1.0000000000 -1.9644605802 +0.9650811739
02.0 0250 +0.9650809863 -1.9301619727 +0.9650809863 +1.0000000000 -1.9289422633 +0.9313816821
02.0 0200 +0.9565432256 -1.9130864511 +0.9565432256 +1.0000000000 -1.9111970674 +0.9149758348
02.0 0125 +0.9313788581 -1.8627577162 +0.9313788581 +1.0000000000 -1.8580432987 +0.8674721338
02.0 0100 +0.9149691441 -1.8299382882 +0.9149691441 +1.0000000000 -1.8226949252 +0.8371816513
02.0 0050 +0.8370891906 -1.6741783811 +0.8370891906 +1.0000000000 -1.6474599811 +0.7008967812
02.0 0040 +0.8005924035 -1.6011848069 +0.8005924035 +1.0000000000 -1.5610180758 +0.6413515381
06.0 1000 +0.0003460413 +0.0006920827 +0.0003460413 +1.0000000000 -1.9466975408 +0.9480817061
06.0 0500 +0.0013487119 +0.0026974239 +0.0013487119 +1.0000000000 -1.8934641464 +0.8988589942
06.0 0250 +0.0051292684 +0.0102585367 +0.0051292684 +1.0000000000 -1.7874325180 +0.8079495914
06.0 0200 +0.0078202080 +0.0156404161 +0.0078202080 +1.0000000000 -1.7347257688 +0.7660066009
06.0 0125 +0.0186503962 +0.0373007925 +0.0186503962 +1.0000000000 -1.5782361785 +0.6528377634
06.0 0100 +0.0278597661 +0.0557195322 +0.0278597661 +1.0000000000 -1.4754804436 +0.5869195081
06.0 0050 +0.0913149004 +0.1826298009 +0.0913149004 +1.0000000000 -0.9824057931 +0.3476653949
06.0 0040 +0.1311064399 +0.2622128798 +0.1311064399 +1.0000000000 -0.7477891783 +0.2722149379
12.0 1000 +0.0013487119 +0.0026974239 +0.0013487119 +1.0000000000 -1.8934641464 +0.8988589942
12.0 0500 +0.0051292684 +0.0102585367 +0.0051292684 +1.0000000000 -1.7874325180 +0.8079495914
12.0 0250 +0.0186503962 +0.0373007925 +0.0186503962 +1.0000000000 -1.5782361785 +0.6528377634
12.0 0200 +0.0278597661 +0.0557195322 +0.0278597661 +1.0000000000 -1.4754804436 +0.5869195081
12.0 0125 +0.0629737059 +0.1259474117 +0.0629737059 +1.0000000000 -1.1755349460 +0.4274297695
12.0 0100 +0.0913149004 +0.1826298009 +0.0913149004 +1.0000000000 -0.9824057931 +0.3476653949
12.0 0050 +0.2747268510 +0.5494537021 +0.2747268510 +1.0000000000 -0.0736238464 +0.1725312505
12.0 0040 +0.3913357725 +0.7826715450 +0.3913357725 +1.0000000000 +0.3695273774 +0.1958157127
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11.7Filter Coefficients (scaled)

Freq SR B1 B2 B3 A1 A2 A3
00.1 1000 0x3FFADABB 0xC0052545 0x00000000 0x40000000 0x3FF5B577 0x00000000

00.1 0500 0x3FF5B64B 0xC00A49B5 0x00000000 0x40000000 0x3FEB6C97 0x00000000
00.1 0250 0x3FEB6FE4 0xC014901C 0x00000000 0x40000000 0x3FD6DFC9 0x00000000
00.1 0200 0x3FE64DEE 0xC019B212 0x00000000 0x40000000 0x3FCC9BDC 0x00000000
00.1 0125 0x3FD6ECF8 0xC0291308 0x00000000 0x40000000 0x3FADD9F0 0x00000000
00.1 0100 0x3FCCB06D 0xC0334F93 0x00000000 0x40000000 0x3F9960DB 0x00000000
00.1 0050 0x3F99B29E 0xC0664D62 0x00000000 0x40000000 0x3F33653C 0x00000000
00.1 0040 0x3F80520E 0xC07FADF2 0x00000000 0x40000000 0x3F00A41C 0x00000000
02.0 1000 0x3F6F0F7D 0x8121E106 0x3F6F0F7D 0x40000000 0x7EDCD6BA 0xC12098C7
02.0 0500 0x3EDF672C 0x824131A7 0x3EDF672C 0x40000000 0x7DB9B8DE 0xC23C1C2D
02.0 0250 0x3DC3E30A 0x847839EB 0x3DC3E30A 0x40000000 0x7B73CA40 0xC4643E16
02.0 0200 0x3D380113 0x858FFDD9 0x3D380113 0x40000000 0x7A510D81 0xC5710933
02.0 0125 0x3B9BB611 0x88C893DD 0x3B9BB611 0x40000000 0x76EA2E70 0xC87B5629
02.0 0100 0x3A8EDABD 0x8AE24A85 0x3A8EDABD 0x40000000 0x74A7089D 0xCA6B9DA7
02.0 0050 0x3592DE8A 0x94DA42EC 0x3592DE8A 0x40000000 0x696FFBFD 0xD32481D4
02.0 0040 0x333CE7EB 0x99863029 0x333CE7EB 0x40000000 0x63E7B85C 0xD6F418AE
06.0 1000 0x0005AB67 0x000B56CE 0x0005AB67 0x40000000 0x7C96B148 0xC352A11C
06.0 0500 0x001618E8 0x002C31D0 0x001618E8 0x40000000 0x792E843E 0xC6791821
06.0 0250 0x005409B6 0x00A8136B 0x005409B6 0x40000000 0x72654B5C 0xCC4A8DCD
06.0 0200 0x00802054 0x010040A8 0x00802054 0x40000000 0x6F05BF3B 0xCEF9BF74
06.0 0125 0x0131916E 0x026322DC 0x0131916E 0x40000000 0x6501D251 0xD637E7F6
06.0 0100 0x01C87454 0x0390E8A8 0x01C87454 0x40000000 0x5E6E4586 0xDA6FE929
06.0 0050 0x05D81A73 0x0BB034E7 0x05D81A73 0x40000000 0x3EDFBC8C 0xE9BFD9A5
06.0 0040 0x08640C43 0x10C81887 0x08640C43 0x40000000 0x2FDBC724 0xEE9407CD
12.0 1000 0x001618E8 0x002C31D0 0x001618E8 0x40000000 0x792E843E 0xC6791821
12.0 0500 0x005409B6 0x00A8136B 0x005409B6 0x40000000 0x72654B5C 0xCC4A8DCD
12.0 0250 0x0131916E 0x026322DC 0x0131916E 0x40000000 0x6501D251 0xD637E7F6
12.0 0200 0x01C87454 0x0390E8A8 0x01C87454 0x40000000 0x5E6E4586 0xDA6FE929
12.0 0125 0x0407C2DD 0x080F85BB 0x0407C2DD 0x40000000 0x4B3BF6ED 0xE4A4FD9C
12.0 0100 0x05D81A73 0x0BB034E7 0x05D81A73 0x40000000 0x3EDFBC8C 0xE9BFD9A5
12.0 0050 0x11951FEE 0x232A3FDC 0x11951FEE 0x40000000 0x04B640CB 0xF4F53F7D
12.0 0040 0x190BA532 0x32174A64 0x190BA532 0x40000000 0xE859A9D8 0xF377C160
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12 REF TEK 130 FIR filter
12.1Scope
This document describes the FIR filter implementation in the REF TEK 130 DAS.
The FIR filters are used to produce additional sample rate data from the output
of the A/D converter.
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12.2A/D Sample Rate

Two different A/D converters have been used in the REF TEK 130 Data
Acquisition System.
12.2.1 Crystal Semiconductor CS5372
The RT505 board uses the Crystal Semiconductor CS5372 analog modulator
with the CS5322 or CS5378 digital filter to digitize the analog data. The
CS5322/78 filters and decimates the data using three digital FIR filters to
provide variable over-sampling with a minimum of x64 over-sampling. A
complete discussion of the CS5322/78 filters is contained in a separate
technical brief provided by Crystal Semiconductor. The coefficients for the
three filters used by the CS5322/78 are also available on request.
The A/D output sample rate is a combination of the frequency of the A/D input
clock (MCLK), the A/D power mode and the selection of an A/D decimation rate
(A/D entry). The CS5372 converts the samples at a rate (SCLK) of either 1/2 or
1/4 of MCLK, depending on the A/D power mode. It outputs the data to the
CS5322/78 digital filter chip, which filters and decimates the data to the
selected rate. In the REF TEK 130, the A/D power mode is always set to low
power, so SCLK is always 1/4 of MCLK.
The CS5372 will not reliably operate with an input clock slow enough to
generate the slower PASSCAL data rates. These rates can only be achieved
through additional filtering by the CPU firmware.
REF TEK implemented a change in the clocking frequency to provide additional

oversampling. The frequency change is controlled by the FPGA firmware
installed on the board.
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For this document, Z represents an SCLK of 256 KHz and Y represents an SCLK
of 102.4 KHz. Additionally, for the modified clocking, V represents an SCLK of
512 KHz and U represents an SCLK of 204.8 KHz. The three CS5322/78 filters
are referred to as filters A, B and C.
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The table below shows the values for attainable PASSCAL rates using the
original MCLK rate obtained with FPGA firmware version 1:
A/D MCLK SCLK (KHz) A/D Entry A/D Decimation A/D Filter
Rate (KHz) Sequence
1000 1024 256 4 256 ZABBBBC

500 1024 256 3 512 ZABBBBBC
250 1024 256 2 1024 ZABBBBBBC
125 1024 256 1 2048 ZABBBBBBBC
200 409.6 102.4 3 512 YABBBBBC

100 409.6 102.4 2 1024 YABBBBBBC
50 409.6 102.4 1 2048 YABBBBBBBC
25 409.6 102.4 0 4096 YABBBBBBBBC
doubled MCLK rate obtained with FPGA firmware version 2:
A/D MCLK SCLK (KHz) A/D Entry A/D Decimation A/D Filter
Rate (KHz) Sequence
1000 2048 512 3 512 VABBBBBC

500 2048 512 2 1024 VABBBBBBC
250 2048 512 1 2048 VABBBBBBBC
125 2048 512 0 4096 VABBBBBBBBC
200 819.2 204.8 2 1024 UABBBBBBC

100 819.2 204.8 1 2048 UABBBBBBBC
50 819.2 204.8 0 4096 UABBBBBBBBC
25 409.6 102.4 0 4096 YABBBBBBBBC
12.2.2 TI ADS1281/1282
The RT608, RT649 and RT650 boards use the TI ADS1281 or TI ADS1282
analog modulator with an integrated digital filter to digitize the analog data.
The digital filter provides selectable data rates from 250 to 4000 samples per
second (SPS).
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The A/D output sample rate is a combination of the frequency of the A/D input
clock (MCLK), and the selection of an A/D decimation rate (A/D entry). The
sample clock (SCLK) is always 1/4 of the input clock.
The TI ADS1281/1282 cannot operate with an input clock slow enough to

generate the slower PASSCAL data rates. These rates can only be achieved
through additional filtering by the CPU firmware.
For this document, R represents an SCLK of 1024 KHz and Q represents an

SCLK of 819.2 KHz. The letters D, E, F and G represent the digital filters that
are always used just prior to the output of data. Filters D, E and G are 2:1
filters. Filter F is a 4:1 filter.
Hn represents a variable decimation rate, fifth order, low-pass filter, where 2^n
indicates the decimation rate of the filter.
A complete discussion of the TI ADS1281/1282 performance specification and

filter coefficients is contained in the manufacturer’s data sheet.
original MCLK rate obtained with RT649 A/D board:
A/D Rate MCLK SCLK A/D A/D Decimation A/D Filter

(KHz) (KHz) Entry Sequence
1000 4096 1024 2 1024 RH5DEFG

500 4096 1024 1 2048 RH6DEFG
250 4096 1024 0 4096 RH7DEFG
125 2048 512 0 4096 VH7DEFG
200 3276.8 819.2 0 4096 QH7DEFG

100 1638.4 409.6 0 4096 PH7DEFG
50 819.2 204.8 0 4096 UH7DEFG
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The table below shows the values for attainable PASSCAL rates using the MCLK
rate obtained with RT608 and RT650 A/D boards:
A/D Rate MCLK SCLK A/D A/D Decimation A/D Filter

(KHz) (KHz) Entry Sequence
1000 2048 512 3 512 VH4DEFG

500 2048 512 2 1024 VH5DEFG
250 2048 512 1 2048 VH6DEFG
125 2048 512 0 4096 VH7DEFG
200 819.2 204.8 2 1024 UH5DEFG

100 819.2 204.8 1 2048 UH6DEFG
50 819.2 204.8 0 4096 UH7DEFG
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12.3 Recorded Data Sample Rate
The sample rate for recorded data is a combination of the A/D output sample
rate and filter-decimation by the REF TEK 130 CPU firmware. Firmware filtering
only occurs when the A/D is set to output 200 samples per second. A fixed set
of additional sample rates are then generated using the firmware filters. Only
certain combinations of sample rates are allowed.
The following rates may be recorded in any combination: 200, 100, 50, 40, 20,
10, 5 and 1. These rates are derived by the firmware through a fixed sequence
of filter stages.
The following rates are only available when recording a single sample rate:
1000, 500, 250, 125 and 25. For these rates, the A/D is set to output the
desired rate and no additional filtering by the firmware is performed.
The following PASSCAL rates are not available: 8, 4 and 2.
The firmware filters are the same ‘hard’, or ‘sharp’ filters that were used in the
REF TEK 72A-02/08. The coefficients for these filters are included below.
Filter # Decimation Filter File
3 2:1 F2-95.DAT
4 4:1 F4-189.DAT
5 5:1 F5-235.DAT
Rate Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 5 Filter Seq
200 - - - - - -
100 2:1 - - - - 3
50 2:1 2:1 3-3
40 5:1 - - - - 5
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Rate Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 5 Filter Seq
20 5:1 2:1 - - - 5-3

10 5:1 2:1 2:1 - - 5-3-3
5 5:1 2:1 2:1 2:1 - 5-3-3-3
1 5:1 2:1 2:1 2:1 5:1 5-3-3-3-5
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All channels of a given data stream use the same firmware filter sequence.
Beginning with REEF TEK 130 firmware v3.4.0, the combined filter sequence is
stored in the EH/ET packets for each event.
Summary Filter Sequence Table

Code Description
Firmware Filters
<SP> No Information
0 REF TEK soft 2:1
1 REF TEK soft 4:1
2 REF TEK soft 5:1
3 REF TEK hard 2:1
4 REF TEK hard 4:1
5 REF TEK hard 5:1
A/D Filters
A CS5322 input 8:1
B CS5322 filter 2:1
C CS5322 output 2:1
D ADS1282 Fir Stage 1 Decimate by 2
E ADS1282 Fir Stage 2 Decimate by 2
F ADS1282 Fir Stage 3 Decimate by 4
G ADS1282 Fir Stage 4 Decimate by 2
Hⁿ ADS1282 Sinc Filter Hⁿ H = 2 n = power
SCLK Frequency
M 163.84K
N 81.92K
O Undefined
P 409.6K
Q 819.2K
R 1024.0K
S 8.192K
T 40.96K
U 204.8K
V 512.0K
W 4.096K
X 20.48K
Y 102.4K
Z 256.0K
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12.4Firmware FIR Filter Characteristics

The Firmware FIR filter coefficients were generated using the IEEE subroutine
for 'Finite Wordlength FIR Filter Design' (page 5.4-1 of PROGRAMS FOR DIGITAL
SIGNAL PROCESSING, 1979). There are four parameters used to generate each
of the coefficient sets. DEL1 is the passband ripple and is set to 0.001 in all
cases. DEL2 is the stopband attenuation and is set to 0.00001 in all cases.
OMGP1 is the end of the passband, and OMGS1 is the start of the stopband.
OMGP1 is set to 4/5 of OMGS1. OMGS1 is set to ½ the associated decimation
for the coefficient set (i.e. 2:1 decimation filter set has OMGS1 set to 0.25).
Filter Generation Parameters
Coef. Set Filter Passband Stopband Pass Band Stop Band Stop Bits Min.
Name Ripple Atten. (OMGP1) (OMGS1) Coefs
(DEL1) (DEL2)
COEF03 F2-95 0.001 0.00001 0.2 0.25 23 95

COEF04 F4-189 0.001 0.00001 0.1 0.125 24 189
COEF05 F5-235 0.001 0.00001 0.08 0.1 24 235
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12.5FIR Filter Coefficients

The coefficients for each filter are listed below. Only the first half of each filter
is listed. The second half is symmetric to the first half.
F2-95:
-0.000047 -0.000186 -0.000292 -0.000145 0.000212

0.000310 -0.000124 -0.000523 -0.000114 0.000692
0.000534 -0.000695 -0.001099 0.000406 0.001697
0.000273 -0.002138 -0.001364 0.002179 0.002776
-0.001567 -0.004275 0.000108 0.005490 0.002261
-0.005945 -0.005406 0.005131 0.008947 -0.002599
-0.012254 -0.001938 0.014465 0.008512 -0.014547
-0.016850 0.011330 0.026360 -0.003443 -0.036191
-0.011093 0.045337 0.036607 -0.052776 -0.088792
0.057636 0.312352 0.440675
F4-189:
-0.000015 -0.000035 -0.000064 -0.000090 -0.000100

-0.000079 -0.000023 0.000062 0.000148 0.000202
0.000192 0.000111 -0.000022 -0.000154 -0.000224
-0.000185 -0.000035 0.000175 0.000355 0.000409
0.000284 0.000007 -0.000318 -0.000538 -0.000529
-0.000254 0.000200 0.000638 0.000844 0.000677
0.000157 -0.000518 -0.001041 -0.001132 -0.000682
0.000171 0.001067 0.001575 0.001389 0.000502
-0.000750 -0.001804 -0.002120 -0.001443 0.000028
0.001676 0.002721 0.002574 0.001156 -0.001000
-0.002933 -0.003673 -0.002714 -0.000318 0.002520
0.004469 0.004473 0.002299 -0.001249 -0.004603
-0.006107 -0.004810 -0.001016 0.003719 0.007196
0.007572 0.004295 -0.001474 -0.007221 -0.010137
-0.008448 -0.002401 0.005602 0.011901 0.013184
0.008137 -0.001654 -0.012068 -0.018077 -0.016029
-0.005610 0.009481 0.022629 0.026924 0.018356
-0.001771 -0.026330 -0.044275 -0.044430 -0.019880
0.028748 0.092481 0.156188 0.203142 0.220411
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F5-235:
-0.000011 -0.000020 -0.000033 -0.000044 -0.000048

-0.000041 -0.000019 0.000019 0.000068 0.000119
0.000159 0.000175 0.000158 0.000105 0.000025
-0.000065 -0.000141 -0.000179 -0.000161 -0.000086
0.000033 0.000164 0.000269 0.000311 0.000264
0.000131 -0.000061 -0.000261 -0.000409 -0.000449
-0.000354 -0.000136 0.000156 0.000439 0.000624
0.000639 0.000457 0.000109 -0.000316 -0.000695
-0.000904 -0.000855 -0.000534 -0.000008 0.000582
0.001058 0.001258 0.001089 0.000560 -0.000202
-0.000984 -0.001542 -0.001679 -0.001305 -0.000485
0.000572 0.001558 0.002159 0.002145 0.001460
0.000251 -0.001155 -0.002338 -0.002906 -0.002620
-0.001489 0.000216 0.002016 0.003355 0.003772
0.003049 0.001305 -0.001010 -0.003224 -0.004636
-0.004728 -0.003350 -0.000794 0.002247 0.004870
0.006212 0.005733 0.003412 -0.000200 -0.004096
-0.007083 -0.008136 -0.006735 -0.003075 0.001925
0.006834 0.010101 0.010528 0.007672 0.002068
-0.004837 -0.011021 -0.014452 -0.013707 -0.008483
0.000174 0.010014 0.018103 0.021615 0.018685
0.009110 -0.005334 -0.021075 -0.033429 -0.037660
-0.030167 -0.009507 0.023016 0.063367 0.105445
0.142265 0.167392 0.176309
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13 Memory Test
This Section explains the how the Memory Test (MT) command is handled in the
REF TEK 130 DAS.
13.1Overview
The Memory Test Command causes the REF TEK 130 to perform a memory test
on data and buffer memory. Since the test overwrites any existing data, the
DAS performs several actions prior to starting the actual test. Acquisition is
stopped (if currently active), the DAS attempts to dump all recorded data and
processes not required to perform the memory test are stopped.
Memory is checked using 0xAA, 0x55 and incremental data patterns. If an

error is detected, the test is stopped immediately and the DAS responds with
the FAIL result code and failing address. Upon successful completion of the
test, the DAS responses with the PASS result code and 0x00000000 as the
failing address. The test status and the PASS/FAIL results are also available on
the LCD display.
After a 20 second delay the system automatically reboots. All configuration

parameters are restored to the conditions prior to the MT command being
issued. This includes starting acquisition, if it was running prior to receipt of
the command.
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14 Index
A E
AD1281 ......................................................... 71 effects of gain ................................................ 37
auxiliary channels .................................... 52, 61 Ethernet
connector ................................................... 63 detect ........................................................... 2
recording ................................................... 63 network interface .......................................... 1
auxiliary data ................................................. 61 Event
defined ....................................................... 14
B trigger ........................................................ 23
external time sources ..................................... 45
bit weight External trigger .............................................. 26
calculations ................................................ 36
explained ................................................... 36
F
two reported by DAS ................................... 38
FIR filter
C characteristics ............................................. 75
scope .......................................................... 69
channel connector signals .............................. 51 FTP
connection options .......................................... 3 connection .................................................... 4
Cross trigger .................................................. 22 server commands .......................................... 6
CS5322 .......................................................... 70
CS5378 .......................................................... 70
G
D GPS Duty Cycle ............................................... 47
Data Format defined ...................................... 14

I
data monitor function .................................... 41
Datastream defined ........................................ 14 IIR filter
datastream parameter .............................. 13, 16 algorithm .................................................... 65
Channel ...................................................... 16 buffers ........................................................ 66
considerations ............................................ 18 charcteristics .............................................. 66
Data Format ............................................... 16 coefficients ................................................. 67
Sample Rate................................................ 16 scope .......................................................... 65
Stream Name .............................................. 16 use ............................................................. 66
Trigger Type ............................................... 16
disk file system .............................................. 12
L
Disk Operations
CF Card warning ........................................... 9 Level trigger ................................................... 27
Disk Wrap ................................................... 11 Line Mode
Dual-disk support ........................................ 7 Direct............................................................ 2
Dump on ET ............................................... 10 FW Multi........................................................ 2
Dump threshold ........................................... 7
recording ................................................... 10 M
Telemetry and disk ..................................... 11
Memory Test command .................................. 79
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O S
offset sample rate
Measured ................................................... 49 defined ....................................................... 14
New............................................................ 49 groups ........................................................ 17
option with handheld .................................. 49 sensor calibration signal ................................. 54
Pre-defined................................................. 56
P User defined - Noise ................................... 55

User defined - Sine ..................................... 55
parameter User defined - Step ..................................... 55
auto recovery.............................................. 34 Sensor Control Board 527 ............................... 51
LP command ............................................... 34 sensor test signals .......................................... 52
read ........................................................... 34 Serial Network Interface .................................... 1
WP command .............................................. 34
write........................................................... 34
T
phase
lock cycle ............................................. 44, 47 Time Interval trigger ....................................... 29
measurement ............................................. 44 Time List trigger ............................................. 30
Pre-trigger defined ........................................ 15 time source detection ..................................... 46
Trigger defined............................................... 14
R trigger types defined ...................................... 14
Real Time Clock (RTC) .................................... 43

V
record length defined ..................................... 14
REF2SEGY conversion ..................................... 39 VCXO hardware .............................................. 43
Vote trigger .................................................... 31
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98 Trimble, Inc.
Trimble, Inc.
5217 Tennyson Pkwy
Suite 400
Plano, Texas 75024
Support: 1-888-879-2207
Email:
reftek_support@trimble.com
www.trimble.com/infrastructure
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REF TEK 130 Theory of Operations

Rev Date Reason for change Pages

U 2017.01.31 Modified section 3.11 Vote trigger Section 3.11

Trimble, Inc. iii

Copyright© 2012 – 2017 Trimble, Inc.

1.1.2 Ports ..................................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Options ........................................................................................................................2

1.2.1 Serial Line Mode option ......................................................................................... 2

1.2.2 Serial Port Speed option ........................................................................................ 2

1.2.3 Ethernet Detection option ..................................................................................... 2

1.2.4 RTP Keep / Toss connection option ....................................................................... 3

1.3 FTP (File Transfer Protocol) ..........................................................................................4

2 Disk Operations ................................................................................................... 9

2.3.1 CF Card Warning ................................................................................................. 11

2.4 Disk Recording...........................................................................................................12

2.4.1 Dump Threshold ................................................................................................. 12

2.4.2 Dump on ET ........................................................................................................ 12

2.4.3 Disk Wrap ............................................................................................................ 13

2.4.4 Recording Telemetry and disk at the same time .................................................. 13

2.5 Disk file system .........................................................................................................14

3 Data Stream Parameters /Acquisition Triggers .................................................... 15

3.2.1 Firmware 3.0.0 Example: ..................................................................................... 17

3.3 Datastream Parameters ..............................................................................................19

3.3.2 Sample rate groups ............................................................................................. 21

3.3.3 Datastream Parameter Considerations ................................................................ 22

3.4 Continuous Trigger ....................................................................................................24

3.4.1 Description ......................................................................................................... 24

3.4.2 Examples ............................................................................................................ 24

3.4.3 Continuous trigger parameters ........................................................................... 25

3.5 Cross trigger ..............................................................................................................26

3.5.1 Description ......................................................................................................... 26

3.5.2 Cross trigger parameters .................................................................................... 26

3.6 Event trigger ..............................................................................................................27

3.6.1 Description ......................................................................................................... 27

3.6.2 Event trigger parameters ..................................................................................... 28

3.7 External trigger ..........................................................................................................30

3.7.1 Description ......................................................................................................... 30

3.7.2 External trigger parameters ................................................................................ 30

3.8 Level Trigger ..............................................................................................................31

3.8.1 Description ......................................................................................................... 31

3.8.2 Level trigger parameters ..................................................................................... 31

3.9 Time Interval trigger ..................................................................................................34

3.9.1 Description ......................................................................................................... 34

3.9.2 Time Interval trigger parameters ......................................................................... 34

3.10 Time List trigger ........................................................................................................36

3.10.1 Description ......................................................................................................... 36

3.10.2 Time List trigger parameters ............................................................................... 36

3.11 Vote trigger ...............................................................................................................37

3.11.1 Description ......................................................................................................... 37

3.11.2 Vote trigger parameters ...................................................................................... 39

4 Parameter Read, Write and Auto Recovery ........................................................... 41

5 Bit Weight in the 130-DAS Family ....................................................................... 43

6 Monitor Function ............................................................................................... 47

7 130 Time .......................................................................................................... 49

7.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................49

7.7.1 GPS Duty Cycle .................................................................................................... 54

9 Sensor Control - RT527 ..................................................................................... 59

9.6.1 Original Mass Centering Operation ..................................................................... 61

9.6.2 Enhanced Mass Centering Operation ................................................................... 61

9.7 Calibration Signals .....................................................................................................63

9.7.1 User-Defined Calibration Signals ........................................................................ 64

9.7.2 Pre-defined Calibration Signals ........................................................................... 65

9.8 MATLAB Script for Generating Random Predefined Waveforms...................................66