History of Aviation in Bangladesh

2/11/2020 History of aviation in Bangladesh - Wikipedia
History of aviation in Bangladesh

The history of aviation in pre-1947 India began with kites, the traditional heavier-than-air man-made
object that is flown by one or more people while staying on the ground. The first recorded manned
flight was arranged by the Dhaka Nawab Family in 1882, which resulted in the death of the flyer.
Contents
Early era
Unmanned flight
First manned flight
World War II
Civil aviation
Incidents and accidents
Liberation War
Post-independence
Resumption of civil aviation
Bangladesh Air Force
Bangladesh Naval Aviation
References
General sources
External links
Aviation schools
Early era
Unmanned flight
Kite flying was one of the many different forms of entertainment of the elite people of Dhaka, since
the Mughal period. It became a festive tradition during the period of Nayeb-e-Nazim Nawajesh
Mohammad Khan in the 1740s.[1] Kite flying is still a popular pastime in Bangladesh, especially right
after the monsoon.[2] In the older parts of Dhaka it is one of the most popular activities.[3] Kite
painting was a specialised art form in the 18th century in Bangladesh.[4] Some kites of Bengal has
been known to keep flying for three months. They were big kites tied to anchors with stout ropes.[5]
Kite flying festival had long been a major festival. The Chaitra Sankranti festival (known as Shakrain
or Hakrain in Old Dhaka[6]) is celebrated every year in the last day of the Bengali calendar (30th
Choitro, mid April). It is a major event for competitive kite flying and boat racing.[7] Combating
fighter kite flyers trying to slash each other's carefully sharpened kite-string is a major part of the
competition.[8] In West Bengal the major kite flying festival happens on the day of Makar Sankranti
or end of winter (mid January), and Vasant Panchami (late February).[9][10]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_aviation_in_Bangladesh 1/12
First manned flight

Jeanette Van Tassel, a young balloonist from the United States, was
hired by the then incumbent Nawab Khwaja Ahsanullah. She was a
member of a family troupe of professional balloonists and arrived
with her mother, Jenny Rumary Van Tassel. At 6.20 pm on 16
March 1892, she set off to fly from the southern bank of the River
Buriganga to the roof of Ahsan Manzil, lying across the river. But a
gusting wind carried her off to the gardens of Shahbag, where her
balloon became stuck in a tree. She was killed in her fall to the
ground, and lies interred in the Christian graveyard at Narinda,
Dhaka.[11][12]
World War II
Thunderbolts in East Bengal during Burma Campaign
Jenny Rumary van Tassel

accompanied her balloonist
daughter Jeanette Van Tassel
when she died in an attempt at the
first manned flight in Bangladesh
in 1883
Thunderbolts of No. 30
Squadron RAF taxiing past a line
of Hawker Hurricane Mark IICs, Modern aviation in modern Bangladesh area
at Cox's Bazar began when the British Government of India
built a Royal Indian military airstrip in Tejgaon
during World War II to fly warplanes towards
the battle fields of Kohima and war theatres in
Burma.[13] Other airstrips were built in Comilla,
Feni, Chittagong, Cox's Bazar, Chakaria, Sylhet,
Jessore, Rajshahi and Lalmonirhat.
In August 1943, a South Asia Command was

Thunderbolt Mark Is of No. 135 formed under Admiral Mountbatten, including
Squadron RAF lined up, being the RAF Third Tactical Air Force (Third TAF),
overflown by three other which launched the second Burma Campaign
Thunderbolts at Chittagong against the Empire of Japan in the December
that year. The Royal Indian Airforce (RIAF),
Indian part of the Royal Air Force played a
crucial role by providing tactical reconnaissance and extensive close support to the army when a
British Corps started advancing down the Arakan coast in January 1944.
In November 1943, 6 Squadron and later 8 Squadron were moved to Cox's Bazaar.[14][15] By the end of
February 1944, No 6 Squadron pilots had completed over 1,000 operational sorties, averaging 6
sorties a day per pilot, a record for the entire the Third TAF. Towards the end of March 1944, 4
Squadron joined the operations when it was moved first to Feni airfield, and then to Comilla in June
to replace 6 Squadron.[16] In March 1944, the squadron moved to Feni for operations against the
Japanese. The role of the squadron was to provide close Air support to the XIV Army. it was from Feni
that the squadron carried out its first operational sorties by providing fighter escort to Dakota,
engaged in supply dropping missions in the northern Burma. From August 1944 to January 1945, No.
4 Squadron was based at Cox's Bazar and carried out CAS, interdiction and tactical recce
operations.[16]
In May 1944, 9 Squadron was moved to Comilla after a brief spell of tactical reconnaissance duties
supporting the battles of Imphal and Kohima.[17] During August 1944, the two squadrons carried out
intensive bombing of Japanese positions in the Sangu River valley, specially for three consecutive
days in Labawa to support an offensive by 81 Division to expel the Japanese from the area. By the end
of December 1944, 10 Squadron had also been moved into the operational area at Ramu. With the fall
of Rangoon on 3 May 1945, the operations in Burma were reduced to mopping up of small pockets of
resistance. By the end of June most of the Royal Air forces squadrons were withdrawn, leaving only 8
Squadron to assist in the mopping up.
The Shahjalal International Airport originated in 1941, during the second world war, as the British
government built a landing strip at Kurmitola, several kilometres north of Tejgaon, as an extra
landing strip for the Tejgaon Airport. At that time Tejgaon was a military airport, to operate
warplanes towards the war fields of Kohima (Assam) and Burmese war theatres.[13] Shah Amanat
International Airport was a combat airfield as well as a supply point and photographic reconnaissance
base by the United States Army Air Forces Tenth Air Force during the Burma Campaign 1944-
1945.[18] Known American units assigned to Chittagong were: 80th Fighter Group, flew P-38
Lightning fighters over Burma between March 1944 and February 1945; 8th Reconnaissance Group,
between October and December 1944 (various detachments); and 4th Combat Cargo Group, flew C-46
Commando transports between January and June 1945. Osmani International Airport in Sylhet was
built during British rule as Sylhet Civil Airport, partly to check Japanese aggression from Burma.
Biman Bangladesh Airlines earns most of its revenue from this airport.[19]
Civil aviation
When the war was over, the colonial government decided to build
the Tejgaon Airport along with a landing strip at Kurmitola to
meet the needs of a Royal Indian Air Force (RIAF) station in
Dhaka. In 1946, the Mirza Ahmad Ispahani and his partners
formed an airline – Orient Airways – which soon started using
the airport as a civil airport.[13] Shifting its base from Kolkata to
Karachi when Pakistan was born, Orient Airways started DC-3
flights from Karachi to Dhaka on 7 June 1954, forming a critical
connection between the capitals of geographically separated East A DC-3 from the 1940s
and West Pakistan. On 11 March 1955, Orient Airways merged
with the government's proposed airline, becoming Pakistan
International Airlines Corporation, later rechristened as Pakistan International Airlines (PIA).
The Eastern Pakistan Flying Club was established in 1948. By 1960, British Overseas Airways
Corporation and Pan American Airways had started operating flights out of Dhaka, PIA had started
operating Boeing 707 and Vickers VC10 jet services, and new airports had been established out of
former Royal Air Force stations at Jessore, Chittagong, Thakurgaon, Ishwardi, and Comilla.[13]
During the 1962 Sino-Indian War, services to East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) were proving to be
difficult, therefore PIA placed their Sikorsky S-61 helicopters on these routes until 1966 when
conditions improved. In the 1971 war, PIA aided the Pakistan Army by transporting soldiers to East
Pakistan in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 and lost a couple of its aircraft to Indian Air Force
fighters.[20] Between 10 and 13 March, immediately before the war started, Pakistan International
Airlines cancelled all their international routes to urgently fly "Government Passengers" to Dacca.
These "Government Passengers" were almost all Pakistani soldiers in civilian dress.

1 July 1957: A Pakistan International Airlines Douglas DC-3 (registered AP-AJS), that was
performing a flight from Chittagong Patenga Airport to Dhaka Tejgaon Airport crashed into tidal
flats in the Bay of Bengal near Charlakhi Island, killing all 20 passengers and four crew on
board.[21]
2 February 1966: Pakistan International Airlines Flight 17 was a scheduled domestic flight from
Dacca to Faridpur in East Pakistan operated by a Sikorsky S-61 twin-engined helicopter. The
Pakistan International Airlines helicopter crashed near Fardipur because of a mechanical failure
due to insufficient lubrication. Twenty passengers and three crew died, there was just one
survivor.[22]
2 December 1970: A Cargolux Canadair CL-44 (registered TF-LLG) crashed into farm houses
near Dhaka Tejgaon Airport, killing all four crew on board and three people on the ground. The
origin of the flight was Hamburg, where it was loaded with 27.5 tons of child food by the Swiss
Red Cross. The cargo was intended to help flood victims in East Pakistan. While the flight was
approaching Dhaka Tejgaon Airport, the hydraulic gust lock system activated in flight, causing the
controls to lock. The crew lost control of the aircraft and it crashed. It was speculated that the lock
system had activated as hydraulic back pressure had built up caused by a malfunctioning switch
valve when hydraulics were armed on descent.[23]
Liberation War
During the 1971 Liberation War of Bangladesh Indian Air Force
(IAF) and the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) fought had extensive
engagements in the sky over Bangladesh. The first engagement
was on 22 November over the Salient of Boyra in West Bengal.[24]
In the process Tejgaon Airport suffered extensive damage.
Bangladesh Air Force was organised in India with the initiative of

Squadron Leader Sultan Mahmud (Ex-PAF Pilot), Captain
Shahabuddin Ahmed (Ex-PIA Pilot), Captain Akram Ahmed (Ex-
Plant protection Pilot) and Captain Sattar (ex-PIA Pilot) and
Captain Sarfuddin (Ex-PIA Pilot). Later many Bangladeshi ex-
PAF Officers joined in Bangladesh Air Force in India. Finally
Bangladesh Air Force was formed in late July 1971. Indian Air
Force trained these Officers July 1971 through November 1971 as
fighter pilots. Bangladesh Air Force first went in action on 3 Bir Sreshtho Flight Lieutenant
Matiur Rahman
December 1971 and attacked the Chittagong-based Oil tank depot
and oil tank depot was totally destroyed by that air attack. The Air
attack was conducted by Capt. Akram Ahmed. The second Bangladesh Air Force attack was on 6
December 1971 at Moulovi Bazar Pakistani Army barracks under the command of Squadron Leader
Sultan Mahmud, where Captain Shahabuddin Ahmed was co-pilot.[25]
Then, on the night of 3 December 1971, Canberra bombers of Eastern Air Command struck Tejgaon,
which was guarded by PAF No. 14 squadron equipped with Sabre jets which lacked night fighting
capability. By the morning of 4 December, strike missions against Tejgaon were assigned to 11 IAF
squadrons, including Hunters of the No. 7 Squadron, No. 14 Squadron, No. 17 Squadron and No. 37
Squadron of IAF, as well as Su-7s of No. 221 Squadron and MiG-21s of No. 28 Squadron.
Throughout 4 and 5 December, IAF concentrated in attacking the aircraft on the ground. But, it failed
to cause significant damage to the PAF assets in well-dispersed and camouflaged locations. By the
evening of 5 December, the IAF changed tactics. On the morning of 6 December four MiG-21s (No. 28
Sqn), flying from Gauhati hit Tejgaon with 1000lber, scoring several hits on the runway. Kurmitola
was attacked on the morning of 7 December, when Mig-21s of No. 28 Sqn again hit the runway. No. 7
Sqn was pulled out of the eastern ops on 6 December to help the Indian Army in the west. Repeated
attack by MiG-21s and Hunters of No. 14 and No.28 however, kept the runway cratered. The IAF
assault effectively grounded the PAF by 7 December, and No. 14 Squadron was taken out of the
war.[26] The IAF also bombed other airfields including the abandoned WWII airfields of Comilla,
Lalmanirhat and Shamsher Nagar through the war, denying their use to PAF.
On 20 August 1971 Flight Lieutenant Matiur Rahman attempted to pilot a T-33 trainer from Karachi,
Pakistan to India to defect from the Pakistan Air Force and join the liberation movement of
Bangladesh. However, Matiur could not take the plane out of Pakistani territory, as reportedly, Pilot
Officer Rashid Minhas, the other pilot in the plane, forced it to crash in Thatta, a place near the Indian
border.[27] Matiur was awarded Bir Sreshtho and Minhas was awarded Nishan-E-Haider, respectively
the highest military honours in Bangladesh and Pakistan, and both has air bases named after them,
respectively in Jessore and Kamra.[28]
Post-independence
Resumption of civil aviation

The first civil flight of independent Bangladesh operated from Tejgaon Airport by Capt. A. Rahim on 1
January 1972 with a Cessna 150. The first international flight from Independent Bangladesh destined
to Calcutta departed on 10 January 1972. The aircraft, a Douglas DC-3 subsequently crashed, killing
the aircrew.
Biman Bangladesh Airlines was formed with one Boeing 707 left behind by PIA.
Bangladesh Air Force

The Bangladesh Air Force (BAF) was formed at Dimapur, Nagaland, India on 28 September 1971
under the command of Air Commodore AK Khondakar (later Air Vice Marshal and Chief of Air Staff,
Bangladesh Air Force). At that time, the nucleus of the (BAF) was formed as 'Kilo Flight' to assist the
Mukti Bahini (Freedom Fighters). Initially, 'Kilo Flight' consisted of three aircraft provided by the
Indian Air Force, 09 officers and 47 airmen. Squadron Leader Sultan Mahmud (retired as Air Vice
Marshal and Chief of the Air Staff of BAF) was appointed as the
commander of 'Kilo Flight'. After having some basic training on
air to ground weapon delivery, 'Kilo Flight' successfully bombed a
fuel storage in Chittagong and Narayangonj area and thus the
journey of BAF had commenced. During the last phase of the
Bangladesh Liberation War the newly formed Bangladesh Air
Force carried out 12 successful attack missions over Pakistani
targets.[29]
A BAF An-32 Cline
After liberation in 1971, the Bangladesh Air Force received
equipment from the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of
China—a clutch of Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 fighters; Antonov An-24 and Antonov An-26 transport
aircraft; and Mil Mi-4 helicopters.
Shahjalal International Airport started operation in 1981. It is the home base and hub of Biman
Bangladesh Airlines, GMG Airlines and United Airways.
Bangladesh Naval Aviation

Bangladesh Naval Aviation is the Aviation wing of Bangladesh Navy. At present Bangladesh Naval
Aviation is operating two Agusta Westland Helicopters from Italy and two Dornier class Maritime
Patrol Aircraft (MPA) from Germany. [30] Bangladesh Naval Aviation wing was established in 2011,
when two AgustaWestland AW109 helicopters were accepted into service. Two Dornier Do 228NG
maritime patrol aircraft joined the service in 2013 [30][31]

10 February 1972: A Biman Bangladesh Airlines Douglas DC-3 crashed near Dhaka, while it was
performing a training flight, killing all 5 people on board.[32]
On 28 September 1977: Japan Airlines Flight 472 en route from Mumbai to Tokyo was hijacked by
5 Japanese Red Army terrorists shortly after takeoff, and forced the plane to land at then Zia
International Airport.[33] The terrorists' demand of $6 million and release of 6 JRA terrorists from
Japanese prison was met by the Japanese Prime Minister.[34] Bangladesh Air Force was
deployed to control the situation in the ground and to facilitate negotiations.[33]
18 November 1979: A Biman Bangladesh Airlines Fokker F27-200 crashed while performing a
test flight. As a part of the test, a stall in landing configuration was performed at 8000 feet. Both
engines of the aircraft flamed out and could not be re lit, forcing the crew to land in a field near
Savar. The aircraft ran through embankments, causing the nosegear and right main gear to
collapse. None of the four people on the flight died in the accident.[35]
5 August 1984: A Biman Bangladesh Airlines Fokker F27-600 (registered S2-ABJ) crashed into a
marsh near Zia International Airport in Dhaka. The aircraft was performing a scheduled domestic
passenger flight between Chittagong Patenga Airport, Chittagong and Zia International Airport,
Dhaka. The crash was a controlled flight into terrain caused by bad weather.[36] The captain of the
flight was Kaniz Fatema Roksana, well known as the first female commercial pilot of
Bangladesh.[37] With a total death toll of 49 people, it is the deadliest aviation disaster to occur on
Bangladeshi soil.[38]
22 December 1997: Biman Bangladesh Airlines flight BG-609 (from Zia International Airport in
Dhaka to Osmani International Airport, Sylhet) carrying 85 passengers and 4 crew, operated by a
Fokker F28-4000 (registered S2-ACJ), crashed onto a paddy field 5.6 kilometres from the foot of
the runway of Osmani International Airport in heavy fog. 17 passengers were injured.[39]
27 June 1998: An Air Parabat flight from Ishwardi Airport crash-landed on its belly in a field near
Savar due to some technical problems with the aircraft. Five crew and two passengers on board
escaped unhurt.[40]
27 September 1998: A training flight on a Cessna 150 of Parabat flying academy crashed, killing
two trainee pilots.[40]
22 April 2003: A storm in Dhaka damaged three Airbus A310s, a Boeing 737 and a Fokker F-28
aircraft parked at Zia International Airport. The storm, strongest in three years, had a wind speed
of up to 111-km per hour.[41]
11 July 2003: An Air Memphis cargo flight (operated by a Boeing 707, registered 5X-AMW) bound
for Queen Alia International Airport, Amman from Zia International Airport, Dhaka was forced to
abort takeoff for unknown reasons. The aircraft failed to abort takeoff successfully and overran the
runway of the airport by 450 meters before the nose gear collapsed and the aircraft came to rest
at a marsh. None of the five crew members were killed in the incident.[42]
8 October 2004: Biman Bangladesh Airlines flight BG-601 (from Zia International Airport in Dhaka
to Osmani International Airport, Sylhet) carrying 79 passengers and 4 crew, operated by a Fokker
F28-4000, overran the wet runway of Sylhet and ended up in a ditch. Two passengers were
injured.[43]
8 June 2005: A Bangladeshi fighter trainee pilot of Bangladesh Air Force (BAF) crashed his plane
into a neighbourhood on the outskirts of the capital, killing one person and injuring four others.
The Chinese-made F-7 plane on a training mission came down at midday on the Uttara residential
area. The pilot ejected with minor injuries just 100 yards away from the flaming wreckage. The
house onto which the jet had crashed was completely destroyed, while two adjacent houses were
partly damaged.[40]
1 July 2005: Biman flight BG 048 en route from Dubai skidded off runway 23 onto the grass at
Shah Amanat International Airport while landing during heavy rain. The right-hand undercarriage
of the McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 (registered S2-ADN) caught fire and the engine on the right
wing separated from the aircraft, sinking into mud. Of the 201 passengers and 10 crew on board,
10 received injuries but there were no fatalities. Investigations found that the wheel-box of the
aircraft went out of order. The aircraft was later written-off.[44][45]
25 May 2008: Saudia flight 810, a Boeing 747-300 (registered TF-ARS) leased from Air Atlanta
Icelandic caught fire on its no. 3 engine after landing at Zia International Airport in Dhaka from
Medina. There were no fatalities among the 307 passengers and 19 crew on board. An
investigation determined a fuel leak to be the cause of the fire.[46]
10 September 2008: A flight attendant on board Air Arabia flight 522 bound for Shah Amanat
International Airport, Chittagong found a note which said there was a bomb on board the aircraft
(an Airbus A320). After the aircraft landed in Chittagong, the aircraft was searched but no bomb
was found. A passenger on board the flight named Nasir Uddin was found guilty of the hoax,
which caused panic among passengers and had grounded the aircraft at Chittagong for two
hours.[47]
1 March 2012: A fire broke out on the second floor of the terminal building of Shah Amanat
International Airport, Chittagong at around 4 pm. No injuries or casualties were reported. Airport
fire brigade managed to douse the flame by 6 pm. The fire had severely damaged the second
floor of the terminal disabling the two jet bridges forcing airport authorities to bring out the reserve
portable ones. Several flights including 4 international ones had to be delayed, grounding several
aircraft at the airport and diverting a few other. As many as 2000 passengers had to wait for
several hours at the parking lot for their flight.[48]
30 April 2012: A Royal Thai Air Force ATR-72-500 aircraft of 1st Air Division/6th Wing, 603sq,
(serial L16-2/52, code 60314), sustained damage in a landing accident at Shahjalal International
Airport, Dhaka. The aeroplane suffered a runway excursion while landing. It came to rest against
a concrete barrier, causing substantial damage to the right hand wing. Two passengers reportedly
suffered minor injuries.[49]
13 August 2012: United Airways flight 546, an ATR 72–212 registered S2-AFE, was performing a
domestic flight en route to Dhaka from Jessore, carrying 10 passengers, when the windshield of
the first officer (co-pilot) completely blew out due to high pressure at an altitude of 9000 feet. The
captain safely landed the plane at Shahjalal International Airport. The first officer received an eye
injury.[50][51]
5 April 2013: A fire broke out in the cargo village of Shahjalal International Airport at around
11:30 am.[52] Ten units of Fire Service and Civil Defence rushed to the spot and doused the fire
one-and-a-half-hour later. Flight schedules were unaffected by the fire.[53]
25 April 2013: A 2-seater Cessna 152 (S2-ABI), a flight training aircraft of Bangladesh Flying
Academy crash landed at Shah Makhdum Airport, while landing in the airport at 4:24 pm. The
aircraft flipped upside-down, the flight instructor and trainee pilot inside escaped with minor
injuries.[54]
28 September 2013: A Boeing 747-400 (leased from Air Atlanta Icelandic), operated by Saudi
Arabian Airlines as SV-3822, en route from Riyadh for a Hajj flight, landed in Dhaka when sparks
and smoke were observed from the right hand main landing gear during roll out, the aircraft
stopped on the runway. The airport was closed for about one hour as result of the emergency.[55]
2 November 2013: Air Arabia flight 522, operated by an Airbus A320-200, made an emergency
landing at Chittagong due to a bird strike, after leaving for Sharjah. All aboard were unhurt.[56]
30 May 2014: Air Arabia flight 524 bound for Sharjah from Chittagong, operated by an Airbus
A320-200, suffered from cabin pressurisation problems 45 minutes after taking off. The aircraft
returned to Chittagong, making a safe emergency landing. The same aircraft made the flight two
hours later, after the problems with the aircraft were fixed.[57]
20 July 2014: United Airways Flight 501, an ATR 72–212 registered S2-AFN, was performing a
domestic flight en route to Cox's Bazar from Dhaka, carrying 43 passengers and 5 crews, when
the nose gear collapsed after safely landing at Cox's Bazar Airport.[58] This caused severe
damage to the front fuselage of the aircraft. The airport was shut down for 22 hours until the
aircraft was safely removed from the runway.[59]
1 April 2015: A Cessna 152 (S2-ADI) aircraft of Bangladesh Flying Academy crashed at Shah
Makhdum Airport and got engulfed by fire after the pilot conducted a rejected takeoff, sensing
technical problems on the aircraft at around 2 pm.[60] The accident left the trainee pilot Tamanna
dead, also leaving the flight instructor with critical burn injuries, who later died.[60]
13 May 2015: A Mi-17 helicopter on a training flight belonging to the Bangladesh Air Force crash
landed Shah Amanat International Airport, Chittagong and caught fire. All three people on board
sustained major injuries and were hospitalised.[61]
29 June 2015: A F-7MB aircraft on a training flight belonging to the Bangladesh Air Force that
took off from Shah Amanat International Airport, Chittagong crashed into the Bay of Bengal, six
miles off Patenga Beach. The pilot of the aircraft, Flight Lieutenant Rumman Tahmid, remains
missing despite a large scale search that only turned up debris of the aircraft.[62][63]
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Uddin, Syed Mohd Saleh (2012). "Airports" (http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Airports). In
Khan, Sadat Ullah (2012). "Transport" (http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Transport). In

External links
Aviation schools
Heritage International College of Aviation Science and Management (http://www.heritageaviationb
d.com/)
United College of Aviation Science and Management (https://web.archive.org/web/201812071747
29/https://www.uca.edu.bd/)
Aeronautical Institute of Bangladesh (https://web.archive.org/web/20110226110517/http://www.aib
-bd.org/)
Arirang Aviation (http://www.arirangaviation.com/)
Galaxy Flying Academy (http://www.galaxyflyingacademy.com/program.html)
BSc in Aeronautical Science, BBA in Aviation Management (http://www.heritageaviationbd.com)
HICASM (http://www.heritageaviationbd.com)
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First manned flight

Jenny Rumary van Tassel

In August 1943, a South Asia Command was

Incidents and accidents

Bangladesh Air Force was organised in India with the initiative of

Resumption of civil aviation

Bangladesh Air Force

Bangladesh Naval Aviation

Incidents and accidents

24. India-Pakistan War 1971: Introduction (http://www.acig.org/artman/publish/article_326.shtml)

44. "Biman escapes possible crash-landing in Chittagong" (http://www.bangladesh-web.com/view.ph

Khan, Sadat Ullah (2012). "Transport" (http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Transport). In

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