CSE-313

System Analysis and Design

Mohammad Shariful Islam

Lecturer, Department of CSE
Mobile: 01747612143
Email: sharifulruhan@gmail.com

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 Overview

• System and Information System

• Types of Systems
• Management Information System (MIS)
• Decision Support System (DSS)
• System Analysis
• Advantages of System Analysis

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 System and Information System
 A set of detailed methods, procedures and routines created to carry
out a specific activity, perform a duty, or solve a problem.
 An organized, purposeful structure that consists of interrelated and
interdependent elements (components, entities, factors, members,
parts etc.).
 These elements continually influence one another (directly or
indirectly) to maintain their activity and the existence of the system,
in order to achieve the goal of the system.
 a mountain system, a railroad system, a system of currency, a
system of government, a system of marking or measuring etc.

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 System and Information System
 An information system (IS) is an organized system for the collection,
organization, storage and communication of information.
 IS (information system) is the collection of technical and human
resources that provide the storage, computing, distribution, and
communication for the information required by all or some part of
an enterprise.
 A special form of IS is a management information system (MIS),
which provides information for managing an enterprise.
 IS (information services) is a common name for an organization
within an enterprise that is responsible for its data processing and
information system or systems.

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 Types of Systems
System has been classified in different ways. Some popularly known
classifications are:
 Physical and Abstract System
 Open and Closed System
 Formal and Informal Information System
 Computer Based Information System
 Management Information System (MIS)
 Decision Support System (DSS)

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 Types of Systems: Physical & Abstract system
a) Physical Systems: Physical systems are tangible or the
material entities. In the case of a library, the physical parts are
the books, shelves, desks, chairs, etc. They can be visible and
countable.
b) Abstract Systems: Abstract systems are conceptual on non-
physical entities. They may be formulas of relationships
among sets of variables or models- the abstract
conceptualization of physical situations.
For example a model is a representation of a real or planned
system. The utilization of models makes it simpler for the
analyst to visualize relationships in the system under study.
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 Types of Systems: Open and Closed System
a) Open Systems: An open system is one which has several interfaces
with its environment. It allows interface across its boundary. It receives
inputs and delivers outputs to the outside. The library system falls into
this category, since it must adapt to the changing demands of the user.
b) Closed Systems: A closed system is one that is isolated from
environmental influences. In actual, a closed system is uncommon. In
system analysis, organizations, applications, and computers are
invariably open, dynamic systems influenced by their environment. The
concept of closed system is more relevant to scientific systems than to
social systems.

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 Types of Systems: FORMAL AND INFORMAL IS
 A formal information system is based on the organization
represented by the organization chart.
 An organization chart is a flow chart that identifies the
organizational element of a business and displays areas of
responsibility and lines of authority.
 Formal system follows certain formalities i.e., they follow a step by
step procedure.
 An informal information system do not follow formalities. If is an
employee based.
 System, designed to meet personnel and vocational needs and to
help to solve work related problems.

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 Types of Systems: COMPUTER BASED IS (CBIS)
 These days information system relies on computer for the storage,
retrieval of data.
 Computer are used to make business application.
 These days system analysis heavily relies on computer to solve the
business problem.
 Major categories of CBIS available these days are :
 Management Information System (MIS)
 Decision Support System (DSS)

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 Management Information System (MIS)
 A management information system is an information system
application that provide for management oriented reporting.
 These reports are usually generated on a predetermined schedule
and appears in a predefined format.
 An MIS is a set of computer based system and procedure
implemented to help managers in their crucial job of decision
making.
 The actual process will involve the collection, organization,
distribution and storage of organization wide information for
managerial analysis and control.

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 Management Information System (MIS)
 Management information system is made up of 3 components :
 Management : Emphasizing the ultimate use of such information system for
management related decision making.
 Information : Information highlighting on processed data rather than the raw
data and in the context in which managers and other end users use it.
 System : System emphasizing a fair degree of integration.
Examples of MIS are :
 Inventory Reporting
 Sales Forecasting
 Sales Reporting
 Financial Reporting
 Salary Analysis

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 Decision Support System (DSS)
 A DSS is an interactive computer based system intended to help
managers to make decisions.
 A DSS helps a manager to retrieve, summarize and analyze decision
relevant to data.
 The origin of the term is simple :
 Decision : Emphasizes decision making in problem situation, not in
information processing, retrieval or reporting.
 Support : Requires computer aided decision situations with enough
“structure” to permit computer support.
 System : Accentuates the integrated nature of problem solving,
suggesting a combined man, machine and decision environment.
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 System Analysis

The act, process, or profession of studying

an activity (such as a procedure, a
business, or a physiological function)
typically by mathematical means in order
to define its goals or purposes and to
discover operations and procedures for
accomplishing them most efficiently.

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 Advantages of System Analysis
 System analysis is done by an analyst who analyzes the software or
internal systems and the company stated requirements for
functionality.
 There are several benefits of systems analysis as discussed below.
 1. Save money: When a systems analysis is properly performed, it
not only results in significant monetary savings but it makes certain
that the correct path is taken with regards to applications.
 It also helps minimize errors and this reduces future IT requirements
for fixing problems.

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 Advantages of System Analysis
 2. Enable better management: If systems analysis was not done,
then project management practices will be difficult to perform.
 However, systems analysis allows for better management through
changing the software to suit any business changes.
 This removes the requirement of rewriting the whole software once
again, which is normally costly.
3. Improves productivity: Through encouraging quick delivery and
meeting all business requirements, systems analysis improve the
general productivity of specific projects and the organization as well.
It also ensures better quality and effectively makes use of human
resources.

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 Advantages of System Analysis
 4. Effective skill use : Since systems analysis does not demand the
use of special skills, it is easily teachable to the employees.
 Usually, common diagramming and modeling tools are utilized. It
allows the managers to plan and control projects well.
 This is essential for the quick delivery of products.
 Systems analysis has its disadvantages also, such that it causes the
risk of too much analyzing, which may be cost and time consuming.

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 System Analyst
 An individual in charge of designing, modifying, or
analyzing various systems to ensure compatibility and
user effectiveness.
 System analysts may work independently, but are
often part of a larger information technology unit that
keeps technical aspects of a company running
smoothly.
 System analysts do not focus on hard-coding, but
more on evaluating the code and making suggestions.

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 System Analyst
 Systems analysts assess the suitability of information
systems in terms of their intended outcomes and
interact with end users, software vendors and
programmers in order to achieve these outcomes.
 Systems analysts may serve as change agents who
identify the organizational improvements needed,
design systems to implement those changes, and train
and motivate others to use the systems.

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 System Analyst

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 The Role of a System Analyst
Following are the important roles:

Requirement
Change Agent
Investigator And Monitor
Gathering Facts, data and opinions of users
Solving Problems
Motivator

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 The Role of a System Analyst

Defining Requirements
The basic step for any system analyst is to understand
the requirements of the users. This is achieved by
various fact finding techniques like interviewing,
observation, questionnaires etc. The information
should be collected in such a way that it will be useful
to develop such a system which can provide
additional features to the users apart from the
desired.

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 The Role of a System Analyst
Change Agent:
 The analyst must be viewed as an agent of change. A
candidate system is designed to introduced change
and reorientation.
 In the role of change agent, the systems analyst may
select various style to introduce change to the user,
organization. No matter what style is used, however,
the goal is the same.
 A candidate System is needed while designing a system. It
represents the original System to be made and analyzed by the
analyst so that changes and improvements can be made in it on the
basis of Feasibility studies.
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 The Role of a System Analyst
Investigator And Monitor:
In defining a problem , the analyst gathers pieces of
information together to determine why the present
system does not work well and what changes will
correct the problem.
The analyst play the investigator role as well as also
play monitor role. The analyst must monitor programs in
relation to time, cost and quality.

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 The Role of a System Analyst
Gathering Facts, Data and Opinions of Users:

After determining the necessary needs and collecting useful

information the analyst starts the development of the system
with active cooperation from the users of the system. Time to
time, the users update the analyst with the necessary
information for developing the system. The analyst while
developing the system continuously consults the users and
acquires their views and opinions.

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 The Role of a System Analyst
Solving Problems:

The analyst must provide alternate solutions to the

management and should do study of the system to
avoid future problems. The analyst should provide
with some flexible alternatives to the management
which will help the manager to pick the system which
provides the best solution.

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 The Role of a System Analyst
Motivator:

A system must be well design and acceptable to the

user. System acceptance is achieved through user
participation in its development, effective user
training and proper motivation to use the system. The
analyst’s role as a motivator becomes obvious during
the first few weeks after implementation.

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 The skill of a System Analyst
 broad knowledge of hardware, software and programming;
 the ability to learn quickly;
 the ability to contribute to a team effort;
 a logical approach to problem solving;
 good interpersonal and client-handling skills;
 a methodical, investigative and inquisitive mind;
 presentation skills;
 excellent oral and written communication skills;
 planning and negotiating skills;
 initiative and self-confidence;

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 References

• http://www.dictionary.com/browse/system
• http://www.systemanalysisanddesigns.com/types-of-system/
• https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/systems%20analysis
• http://benefitof.net/benefits-of-systems-analysis/
• http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/system-analyst.html
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_analyst
• https://www.slideshare.net/karankamboj313/role-of-system-analyst-46040229

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