Name: Faiza

Forest Biomes
 Sub-tropical broad-leaved evergreen thorn (scrub) forests
I belong to Chakwal and Chakwal is located in the Potohar Dhanni region of northern Punjab,
Pakistan. Its landscape features the canyons of Thirchak-Mahal and is made up of subtropical
broad-leaved evergreen thorn (scrub) forests. Scrub Forest consists mainly of low and shallow
trees and shrubs of thorny species. These forests have provided an ideal habitat for the wildlife
of the area that has migrated seasonally according to their needs. The soil of the scrub biome is
soft and thin, unable to maintain moisture or to provide drainage. Wide region of Scrub Forest
is plagued by narrow ravines and gullies throughout; it is characterized by the deep beds of the
mountain torrents. These are xerophytic forests of thorny and small-leaf evergreen species.
This type is found on the foothills and lower slopes of the Himalayas, the Salt Range, Kalachitta
and the Suleiman Range.

Classification
 Flora
Flora species include Acacia modesta, Olea ferruginea syn cuspidate, Capparis aphylla, Butea frondosa,
Tecoma spp., Pistacia integerima, Prosopis glandulosa, Morus alba, Ficus bengalensis, Dalbergia sissoo;
and shrub species are Calatropis procera, Adhatoda vesica, Nerium oleander, Withiana spp. Zizyphus
nummularia, Dodonea sissoo, Gymnosporea royaleana.

 Fauna
Fauna Species include Punjab Urial (Ovis vignei punjabiensis), Chinkara (Gazella gazelle), Wolf (Canis
lupus), Jungle Cat (Felis chaus), Indian Fox (Vulpes bengalensis), Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes), Asiatic Jackal
(Canis aureus), Yellow Throated Marten (Martes flavigula), Wild Boar (Sus scrofa), Cape Hare (Lepus
capensis), Fruit Bat (Pteropus giganteus), Indian Garden Lizard (Calotes versicolor), Skittering Frog
(Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis), Punjab Snake eyed Lacerta (Ophisops jerdonii), Rope Snake (Ptyas mucosus).

 Temperature
In winter it is very cold and in summer it is very hot. Maximum temperature goes up to 46°C in June. In
the 20 years, average the maximum temperature is 43.1 degree centigrade. The minimum temperature
frequently drops below 0°C in the month of January and occasionally in December and February.

 Precipitation
Last 20 years data indicates that more than 50 per cent of the total rain falls in three months of July (120
mm), August (177mm) and September (75mm). The second period of rainfall is January (34 mm),
February (53mm) and March (57 mm). The months of October (21 mm), November (8 mm) December
(20 mm) and April (41 mm), May (27 mm) and June (84 mm) are mostly dry.

 Scrub Forest consists mainly of low and shallow trees and shrubs of thorny species. They
are classified on the basis or types of flora, fauna, their precipitation and temperature.