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Lesson objectives:
By the end of this lesson, about 70% of the learners should be able to:
Define the terms nucleus, electronic configuration and write electronic configuration
Draw diagrams to show the distribution of sub-atomic particles in an atom
Relate electronic configuration to position of an element on the Periodic Table.
Recap of previous lesson:
What can you recall about the last lesson?
Electronic configuration
- Electrons are arranged in groups at different distances from the nucleus.
- Shells also called energy levels are numbered beginning from the nucleus
- Definition: The nucleus of an atom is a tiny dense positively charged central region of
an atom.
Activity 01: Number the shells on the diagram below round the nucleus.
nucleus
Writing electronic configuration
- The electronic configuration of an atom can be written if the total number of electrons in
the atom is known. The number of electrons in an atom is equal to its atomic number.
- The electronic configuration of an ion can be written if the total number of electrons in
the ion is known. The number of electrons in an ion is equal to its atomic number minus
the charge on the ion.
- The first shell of every atom takes a maximum of two (2) electrons except hydrogen
atom which has only one electron.
- The first shell of hydrogen has only one electron as hydrogen has only one electron.
- From the second shell of an atom onward, a maximum of eight (8) electrons can be
entered. These rules apply on to the first twenty elements on the periodic Table.
- Definition: The Electronic configuration of an element is the manner in which
electrons are arranged in the space (shells) around the nucleus.
Activity 02: Complete the table below by writing the number of electrons and the
electronic configuration of the elements shown.
Activity 03:
(a) (i) How many protons are there in the nucleus of a helium atom? ……………………….
(ii) How many neutrons are there in the nucleus of a helium atom? …………………….
(iii) How many electrons are there in the shell of a helium atom? ……………………….
(iv) Write down the electronic configuration of helium. ……………………………………
(b) (i) How many protons are there in the nucleus of a sodium atom? ………………………
(ii) How many neutrons are there in the nucleus of a sodium atom? ……………………
(iii) How many electrons are there in the shell of a sodium atom? ………………………
(iv) Write down the electronic configuration of sodium. …………………………………