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Allows for free movement through the muscles across the joints
Forms some blood components – Red blood cells & some white blood cells
Acts as a framework that supports the soft tissues & thus give the body its shape
Store & releases minerals from bone tissues
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Scapula
humerus
The ball & socket joint allows movement in three planes. It is formed by the humerus & scapula at the shoulder.
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Hinge joint
Hinge joint at
the elbow
It allows movement in one plane and formed by the ulna & humerus
The surfaces of the heads of bones which move over each other are covered with cartilage – which is soft slippery & smooth thus
minimizing friction.
Each joint in the body is filled with synovial fluid. The synovial fluid lubricates the cartilage to ensure friction free movement. Refer to
the synovial join below
Ligaments are tough structures that hold bones of the joint together. It prevents dislocation of the bones during movement.
A tendon connects a bone to a muscle to ensure movement when the muscles contract & relax.
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In case of the limb they may be called Flexor & Extensor muscles based on their effect on the limb. Flexor muscles bend the limb
while extensor muscles straighten the limb.
Example; the biceps muscle flex the arm at the elbow & antagonizes the triceps. The biceps serve both to rotate the lower arm &
flex the elbow. Biceps flex the arm only when the palm is facing upwards.
When the biceps contract to lift the arm up the triceps relaxes. When the triceps contract to straighten the arm the biceps relax. The
biceps which flex the arm is larger & more powerful than the triceps which extend it.
Fixed (fused / non-movable joints) in the skull Gliding joint – in the wrist allows for a smooth gliding movement
Do not permit any movement
Pivot joint – found between the base of the skull & the vertebrae
Allows for a rotational movement
Courtesy of Lebsy Mb
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