TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES – MANILA 148

Laboratory Exercise No. 5

Transfer Functions and Block Diagrams Using Matlab

HONOR CODE

I pledge that I have neither given nor received any unauthorized

assistance on this activity whether it is a laboratory exercise, quiz
or major examination.

__________________________________

Signature

January 26, 2017

Briones, Klea Camille G, BSChE

 TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES – MANILA 149

Laboratory Exercise No. 5

Transfer Functions and Block Diagrams Using Matlab

1. Objective:
The activity aims to understand transfer functions and block diagrams using matlab

2. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):

The students shall be able to:
2.1 Understand transfer functions using matlab.
2.2 Understand block diagrams using matlab.

3. Discussion:
Transfer function is defined as the ratio of the Laplace transform of the output variable to the
Laplace transform of the input variable, with all zero initial conditions. A transfer function has the
following properties:
 The transfer function is defined only for a linear time -invariant system. It is not defined for
nonlinear systems.
 The transfer function between a pair of input and output variables is the ratio of the Laplace of
transform of the output to the Laplace transform of the input.
 All initial conditions of the system are set to zero.
 The transfer function is independent of the input of the system.
Block diagram is used to represent all types of systems. It can be used, together with transfer
functions, to describe the cause and effect relationships throughout the system. A block diagram of a
system is a pictorial representation of the functions performed by each component and of the flow of
signals. The block diagram gives an overview of the system.
Block diagrams items:

The above figure shows the way the various items in block diagrams are represented. Arrows are used
to represent the directions of signal flow. A summing point is where signals are algebraically added
together. The take-off point is similar to the electrical circuit takeoff point. The bloack is usually d rawn

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with transfer function written inside it.

We will use the following terminology for block diagrams throughout:

R(s) = reference input (command)

Y(s) = output (controlled variable)
U(s) = input (actuating signal)
E(s) = error signal
F(s) = feedback signal
G(s) = forward path transfer function
H(s) = feedback transfer function
4. Resources:
Matlab
5. Procedure:
1. A transfer function of a linear time-invariant (LTI) system can be entered into MATLAB using
the command tf(num, den) where num and den are row vectors containing, respectively, the
coefficients of the numerator and denominator polynomials of the transfer function. For the
transfer function:
G(s) = 3s + 1
s2 + 3s + 2
can be entered into MATLAB by typing the following on the command line:
num = [ 3 1 ];
den = [ 1 3 2 ];
G = tf(num,den)
Show the output of these MATLAB commands in the Data and Results.

2. Once the transfer functions have been entered, you can combine them using arithmetic
operations such as addition and multiplication to evaluate the transfer function of a cascaded
system. For the series connection of blocks,

The MATLAB command is SYS = G1 * G2 or SYS = series(G1,G2) where SYS = Y(s)/R(s) .

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Determine the transfer function using MATLAB from the block diagram as shown below:

3. For the parallel connection of blocks,

The MATLAB command is SYS= G1 ± G2 or SYS = parallel(G1,±G2)

Determine the transfer function using MATLAB from the block diagram as shown below:

4. For the negative connection of blocks,

The MATLAB command is SYS = feedback (G,H).

Determine the transfer function using MATLAB from the block diagram as shown below:

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5. Determine the transfer function using MATLAB from the block diagram as shown below:

6. Determine the transfer function using MATLAB from the block diagram as shown below:

7. Determine the transfer function using MATLAB from the block diagram as shown below:

8. Determine the impulse and step responses of the system in Procedure 1.

9. Determine the impulse and step responses of the system in Procedure 2.
10. Determine the impulse and step responses of the system in Procedure 3.
11. Determine the impulse and step responses of the system in Procedure 4.
12. Determine the impulse and step responses of the system in Procedure 5.
13. Determine the impulse and step responses of the system in Procedure 6.
14. Determine the impulse and step responses of the system in Procedure 7.

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Course: BS ChE Laboratory Exercise No.: 5

Group No.: Section:
Group Members: Date Performed: January 19,2017
Klea Camille G. Briones Date Submitted: January 26,2017
Instructor:
Engr. Crispulo Maranan
6. Data and Results:
Procedure No. Output in the command window
1 >>num = [ 3 1 ];
>>den = [ 1 3 2 ];
>>G = tf(num,den)

G=

3s+1
-------------
s^2 + 3 s + 2

Continuous-time transfer function.

2 >> num1 = [1];
>> den1 = [1 1];
>> G1 = tf(num1,den1)

G1 =

1
-----
s+1

Continuous-time transfer function.

>> num2 = [1];

>> den2 = [1 1 1];
>> G2 = tf(num2,den2)

G2 =

1
-----------
s^2 + s + 1

Continuous-time transfer function.

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>> SYS = G1 * G2

SYS =

1
---------------------
s^3 + 2 s^2 + 2 s + 1

Continuous-time transfer function.

3 >> num1 = [1];
>> den1 = [1 1];
>> G1 = tf(num1,den1)

G1 =

1
-----
s+1

Continuous-time transfer function.

>> num2 = [1];

>> den2 = [1 1 1];
>> G2 = tf(num2,den2)

G2 =

1
-----------
s^2 + s + 1

Continuous-time transfer function.

>> SYS = G1 +- G2

SYS =

s^2
---------------------
s^3 + 2 s^2 + 2 s + 1

Continuous-time transfer function.

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4 >> num = [1];

>> den = [1 1 1];
>> G = tf(num,den)

G=

1
-----------
s^2 + s + 1

Continuous-time transfer function.

>> num = [1];

>> den = [1 1];
>> H = tf(num,den)

H=

1
-----
s+1

Continuous-time transfer function.

>> SYS = feedback(G,H)

SYS =

s+1
---------------------
s^3 + 2 s^2 + 2 s + 2

Continuous-time transfer function.

5 >> num1 = [2];
>> den1 = [3 1];
>> G1 = tf(num1,den1)

G1 =

2
-------
3s+1

Continuous-time transfer function.

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>> num2 = [1 2];

>> den2 = [-3 1 0];
>> G2 = tf(num2,den2)

G2 =

-s - 2
---------
3 s^2 - s

Continuous-time transfer function.

>> SYS = parallel(G1,G2)

SYS =

3 s^2 - 9 s - 2
---------------
9 s^3 - s

Continuous-time transfer function.

6 >> num = [1];
>> den = [10 1];
>> G = tf(num,den)

G=

1
--------
10 s + 1

Continuous-time transfer function.

>> num = [1];

>> den = [1 1];
>> H = tf(num,den)

H=

1
-----
s+1

Continuous-time transfer function.

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>> SYS = feedback(G,H)

SYS =

s+1
-----------------
10 s^2 + 11 s + 2

Continuous-time transfer function.

7 >> num = [1];
>> den = [10 1];
>> G = tf(num,den)

G=

1
--------
10 s + 1

Continuous-time transfer function.

>> num = [1];

>> den = [1];
>> H = tf(num,den)

H=

Static gain.

>> SYS = feedback(G,H)

SYS =

1
--------
10 s + 2

Continuous-time transfer function.

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10

11

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12

13

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14

7.Conclusion:

I therefore conclude that is a conventional way of representing linear time invariant systems is
via block diagrams. Block diagram is used to represent all types of systems. It can be used, together
with transfer functions, to describe the cause and effect relationships throughout the system. A block
diagram of a system is a pictorial representation of the functions performed by each component and of
the flow of signals. The transfer function is defined only for a linear time -invariant system. It is not
defined for nonlinear systems. The transfer function between a pair of input and output variable s is the
ratio of the Laplace of transform of the output to the Laplace transform of the input. All initial conditions
of the system are set to zero. The transfer function is independent of the input of the system.

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8. Further Readings:
Ferraris, G. and Manenti, F. (2010). Interpolation and regression models for the chemical
engineer:
solving numerical problems. Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag
Filo, O. (2010). Information processing by biochemical systems: neural netwo rk type
configurations.
New Jersey: Wiley.
Gopal, S. (2009). Bioinformatics: a computing perspective. India: McGraw-Hill
Science/Engineering
Math.
Jaluria, Y. (2012). Computer methods for engineering with MATLAB applications (2nd ed.). Boca,
Raton,Florida: CRC Press.
Knopf, F. C. (2012). Modeling, analysis and optimization of process and energy
systems.Hoboken,
New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons.
Velten, K. (2009). Mathematical modeling and simulation: introduction for scientists and
engineers.
Singapore: Wiley-VCH.

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9. Assessment (Rubric for Laboratory Performance):

TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

RUBRIC FOR LABORATORY PERFORMANCE

CRITERIA BEGINNER ACCEPTABLE PROFICIENT SCORE

1 2 3
I. Laboratory Skills
Members do not Members occasionally Members always
Manipulative
demonstrate needed demonstrate needed demonstrate needed
Skills
skills. skills. skills.
Members are able to
Members are unable Members are able to
Experimental set-up the material
to set-up the set-up the materials
Set-up with minimum
materials. with supervision.
supervision.
Member do not Members occasionally Members always
Process Skills demonstrate targeted demonstrate targeted demonstrate targeted
process skills. process skills. process skills.
Members do not Members follow safety Members follow safety
Safety
follow safety precautions most of precautions at all
Precautions
precautions. the time. times.
II. Work Habits
Time Members finish ahead
Members do not finish Members finish on
Management / of time with complete
on time with time with incomplete
Conduct of data and time to
incomplete data. data.
Experiment revise data.
Members have
Members do not know
defined Members are on tasks
their tasks and have
responsibilities most and have defined
no defined
Cooperative of the time. Group responsibilities at all
responsibilities.
and Teamwork conflicts are times. Group conflicts
Group conflicts have
cooperatively are cooperatively
to be settled by the
managed most of the managed at all times.
teacher.
time.
Clean and orderly
Clean and orderly
Messy workplace workplace with
Neatness and workplace at all times
during and after the occasional mess
Orderliness during and after the
experiment. during and after the
experiment.
experiment.
Members require
Ability to do Members require Members do not need
occasional
independent supervision by the to be supervised by
supervision by the
work teacher. the teacher.
teacher.
TOTAL SCORE
Other Comments / Observations:
RATING =
TotalScore
( 24 ) x 100%

Evaluated by:

_______________________________________
Printed Name and Signature of Faculty Member Date: ___________________________

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Briones, Klea Camille G, BSChE