History of Fencing

Swordplay is also known as fencing has been practiced for thousands of years as evidenced by
carvings depicting fencers found in a temple near Luxor dating from around 1190 BC. Fencing began the
move from a form of military training to a sport either the 14th or 15th century. Both Italy and Germany
claim to its origins with German fencing masters organising the first guilds in the 15th century.

Fencing was included for the first time at the 1896 Games in Athens, and has remained on the
Olympic programme since then. The womens fencing competition entered the Games in 1924 in Paris. In
Fencing there are 3 import weapons to be used and the following are foil, epee and sabre

Injuries in Fencing and Its First Aid Approach

1. Contusion
a. Commonly known as bruise. It pertains to an area of injured tissue in which blood vessels
have bust, but the skin has not ruptured.
b. Treatment
i. Tiger Balm is best known method for addressing bruises in the world of combat
sports. Simply rub it in and it will relieve much of the ache associated with fencing
bruises. Arnica gel or ointment also went well with bruises.
ii. For traditional approach, RICE method is well known for this.
2. Blisters and Calluses
a. A blister is a bubble on the skin surface that often contains a clear liquid, although it may also
contain blood while calluses are a build-up of hard skin caused by an uneven distribution of
weight.
b. Treatment
i. Pop the blister with a sterile needle to re-attach the skin but do not cut the skin until
it’s dry. Place a gauge to keep the blister from getting infected and keep it clean by
washing it mild soap and water or cleansing towel.
ii. For callus, never try to remove it with a sharp object, instead, use a pumice stone to
remove the build-up tissue. Repeat process daily or as often in a week.
3. Fencer’s Elbow
a. Term for Tendonitis. Tendonitis is when the tendons in a part of the body become inflamed,
get microscopic tears, or just become irritated that takes time to settle down as a product of
overuse.
b. Treatment
i. If irritation was felt, apply ice right away, have some over the counter anti-
inflammatory and seek for a professional approach. On worse circumstance, severe
tendonitis might need splinters while looking for a professional treatment.
4. Strain and Sprain
a. A sprain is abnormal stretching or tearing of a ligament that supports a joint while a strain is
abnormal stretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon.
b. Sprains and strains may be caused by repetitive activities or by a single overuse
injury. Pain, swelling, and bruising are common signs and symptoms of sprains and strains.
c. Treatment
i. The diagnosis of a sprain or strain usually can be made after the health care
professional takes a history of the injury and performs a physical examination.
Depending upon the situation, X-rays, a CT scan, or an MRI may be needed to
help make or confirm the diagnosis.
ii. RICE (rest, ice, compression, and elevation) are the first aid keys to initial treatment.
Brief History of Sepak Takraw

“Sepak Raga” was the name of an ancient game played in the Malay States and in the neighbouring
countries of Singapore and Brunei. “Sepak” is Malay for Kick and “Raga” is the Rattan Ball used in the
game, which involved players standing in a circle keeping the “Raga” in the air as long as possible without
using their hands. Variations of this were played in other Southeast Asian countries too; in Thailand it was
called Takraw, in the Philippines its Sepa Sepa, in Myanmar its Ching Loong, in Indonesia its Rago,and in
Laos it is called Kator.

Modern Sepak Takraw, or Takraw for short (also known as Kick Volleyball), began in Malaysia and
is now their national sport. It combines elements of Soccer, Footbag, Volleyball, Baseball, Badminton,
Gymnastics and the ancient sport of Sepak Raga.

Most Common Injuries in Sepak Takraw

Ankle Injuries
•Sprained Ankles - an injury that occurs when you roll, twist or turn your ankle in an awkward way. This
can stretch or tear the tough bands of tissue (ligaments) that help hold your ankle bones together.
•Ankle Fractures -a break or multiple breaks in one or more of the bones in the ankle joint. It is usually
caused by a rotational injury (twisting, turning or rolling) of the ankle, but can also be caused by an impact,
such as from a fall.

Knee Injury
•Dislocation
-is an injury to a joint
- a place where two or more bones come together- in which the ends of your bones are forced from
their normal positions. This painful injury temporarily deforms and immobilizes your joint.

Thigh Injury
•Muscles Sprains and Strains
-a sprain is an injury to a ligament (tissue that connects two or more bones at a joint) When a sprain
happens, one or more ligaments is stretched or torn
-a strain is an injury to a muscle or tendon (fibrous cords of tissue that connect muscle to bone). In
a strain a muscle or tendon is stretched or torn.

First Aids for Sepak Takraw Common Injuries

ANKLE SPRAINED INJURIES

Remove ankle bracelets and toe rings to reduce pain and swollen. Then apply the RICE Methods.

 Rest - until it's less painful

 Ice - wrap an icepack or cold compression in a towel and place it on the injured part. Continue for
no more than four minutes (four to eight times a day).
 Compression - support injured part with an elastic bondage for at least two days.
 Elevate - for the fourth-eight hours, raise the ankle higher than your heart whenever lying down.

ANKLE FRACTURE
 Leave Protruding Bone Alone. Do not push back the bone. Instead cover the injured area with a
clean bondage.
 Stop Bleeding. Apply directly a cloth with pressure on the wound elevates for fifteen minutes. If it is
still bleeding apply another cloth over the first cloth.
 Control Swelling. Use the RICE Method if medical attention is not available in time.
 Manage Pain and Inflammation. Take medicines (over-the-counter) such as aspirin or ibuprofen. If a
person has heart failure or kidney failure do not give NSAIDs.

KNEE INJURIES - Apply the RICE Method in the injury.

DISLOCATION
  Leave the joint alone. Attempting to move or jam a dislocated bone back can damage blood
vessels, muscles, ligaments and nerves.
 Put an ice packed covered in a cloth on the area around the joint. Use ibuprofen or acetaminopen
for pain.

THIGH INJURIES - Apply the RICE Method in the injury.

Taekwondo History (Short)

World Taekwondo, called the World Taekwondo Federation until June 2017, is the international
federation governing the sport of taekwondo and is a member of the Association of Summer Olympic
International Federations (ASOIF). The body was renamed in June 2017 to avoid the "negative
connotations" of the previously used initials WTF.

World Taekwondo was established on May 28, 1973 .General Choi Hong Hi (9 November 1918 –
15 June 2002) was a South Korean Army general and martial artist who is a controversial figure in the
history of the Korean martial art of taekwondo.[a] Choi is regarded by many as the "Founder of Taekwon-
Do"—most often by International Taekwondo.

First Aid in Taekwondo

General Bruising: RICE Method

Broken nose:
 Lean slightly forward and pinch the fleshy part of the nose just below the bone for 10 minutes.
 Apply cool compress to over the nose, neck and forehead.
 If bleeding persists. Obtain medical aid.

Fractured Bones:
 Stop any bleeding immobilize the injured area apply cold to the area to treat them, for shock get
professional help

Lacerations:
 stop the flow of blood properly clean the wound apply antibiotic ointment clean the wound area daily

Internal Organs:
 Move to a safer if necessary CPR if the person is not breathing cover the person with blanket or lay
him or her on a jacket to prevent hypothermia.

Hamstring or groin tears and strains, sprained knees and ligaments damage:
 RICE Method

Tendonitis:
 Rest the painful area, and apply ice. Do gentle range of motion exercise and stretching to prevent
stiffness.