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INFRASTRUCTURE OF BANGLADESH
Abdul Hasib
FSO
Figure 1: “Last Mile” Broadband Access Technology [1] 5.1. Point-to-Point Wireless Broadband Access
spectrum are in an optimal position to build and grow Fixed-wireless systems have a long history. Point-to-point
profitable businesses quickly by providing the microwave connections have long been used for voice and
evolutionary services necessary to keep pace with data communications, generally in backhaul networks
pervasive demand. operated by phone companies, cable TV companies,
PtP products are targeting application where data link utilities, railways, paging companies, and government
rates range from T-1 up to OC-3 with a high degree of agencies, and will continue to be an important part of the
spectral efficiency; whereas, PtMP application of wireless communications infrastructure to support constant
is typically targeting a lower “shared” bandwidth and bandwidth requirement to single locations. An alternative
multiple distributed users in an area. to a microwave link is to use spread-spectrum bridging
products. Many wireless LAN vendors offer such products
because they incorporate much of the required technology
Point-to-Point Point-to-Multipoint within their access points. These wireless bridges, mostly
High High Capacity High Capactity (FDMA operating in the 2.4 GHz band, offer rates of 1 Mbps
- (OC-3 [155 Mbps], [>40 MBPS]) through 11 Mbps and distances up to 10 or 25 miles (16 to
Freq. OC-12 in future) Medium Capacity or 40 kilometers) depending on the type of antenna used. For
Narrowband (T1 Wideband (TDMA 1- longer distances, a user may not be able to achieve as high
[1.5 Mbps] 40 Mbps) a throughput. The above-mentioned technologies are
to DS3 [45 Mbps]) 10, 24, 26, 28, and 31 already available in Bangladesh.
(LMDS); and 38GHz Technology has continued to advance, allowing higher
Low- Microwave and Medium Capacity frequencies, and thus smaller antennas, to be used,
Freq. Bridge market (fractional T-1 to >10 resulting in lower costs and easier-to-deploy systems for
(OC-3 [155 Mbps] Mbps) private use and for a whole new generation of carriers that
to Unlicensed (2.4 GHz use broadband wireless as their last mile of
fractional T-1s [sub- and 5 GHz ), communication.
1 Mbps]) MMDS and 3.5 GHz
• Three times DS-3/E-3
• 100 base T Fast Ethernet + DS-3/E-3 or
• Two times 100baseT Fast Ethernet
This flexibility offers carriers the very significant benefit
to directly provision for all key voice and data formats
(e.g., IP and ATM over SONET) and associated
broadband data rates as required for various customer
applications. And last, lower capacity systems are also
offered using even higher order modulation (64 QAM) to
allow carriers to deploy DS-3 service in much smaller
channel bandwidths (12.5 MHz) than previously possible.
Single 100baseT Fast Ethernet circuits are also available
in that same narrow bandwidth.
With the transmission capacity up to 155 Mbps, PtP can
satisfy customers at distance places quickly and cheaply
compared to fiber lay down. Wireless service provider
risked no significant sunken costs; if their customers
terminated service or moved, the radio link is easily
moved and reused elsewhere. Wireless carriers believe
that their large spectrum holdings are ideal for such
Figure 3: Elements of a Point-to-Point Broadband higher-capacity services.
Wireless System [1]
5.2. Point-to-Multipoint (PtMP) Wireless Broadband
At a minimum, any PtP link will contain two terminals Access
where each terminal consists of an OutDoor Unit (ODU)
and InDoor Unit (IDU). The ODU is typically the antenna Where broadband wireless customers are geographically
and RF functions, while the IDU is the modem and a dispersed, PtP is not appropriate because of the need for
variety of network interfaces. many antennas at a central location and the lack of ability
PtP is connecting the tremendous bandwidth available to spread costs, or more importantly, for users to share
on the long-haul backbones and metropolitan fiber rings to bandwidth. We believe the benefits of PtMP are best
buildings and their business tenants. These networks now leveraged when the number of connection points is
form a reliable, sophisticated data infrastructure that can increased to justify the cost of the controlling hub, and
also serve as the basis for Voice over IP. In many cases, when the data demands are not as high as what PtP
DSL technology on copper wiring inside customer solutions provide or when data allocation adaptation is
buildings can be combined with fixed-wireless networks necessary on the fly between a few nodes. PtMP systems
outside the buildings to provide a lower-cost, entry-level are, of course, being developed for numerous bands; they
data service for smaller companies. are intended to offer diverse, flexible capacity services to a
Four critical characteristics differentiate the leading multitude of end-users.
companies in this equipment category from previous The point-to-multipoint common objectives include the
microwave suppliers. First, instead of starting with low- following:
capacity radios and trying to work up to higher data rates • Low cost with simple installation/deployment
to meet the demand for capacity, engineers designed high- procedures (i.e., it must be consumer installable for
capacity systems in the SONET OC-3/SDH STM-1 range. the residential target market) and scalable deployment
So the baseline systems already offer capacity more than architectures;
three times greater than the DS-3 rate that was the • Efficient coverage capabilities (potentially including
maximum previously available. Second, they have selected in-building coverage);
modulation schemes (16 QAM, 64 QAM, 128 QAM, and • Spectrially efficient delivery of high data rates and
256 QAM) that are much more spectrally efficient than overall throughput (relative to the frequency
those of their predecessors. This provides OC-3 (155 bandwidth available); and
Mbps) in the same 50 MHz channel that otherwise • Low-cost continuation support and management.
accommodated at best a single DS-3 (45 Mbps). Third,
they have integrated very flexible multiplexers into their
indoor units that offer carriers interface options of:
• Direct fiber or copper OC-3/STM-1
years away from having either DSL or fiber nearby,
need access to this technology.
7. CONCLUSION
REFERENCE