1.

Which model underscores the assumption that criminal behavior is caused by biological or
psychological conditions that require treatment?
A. Medical model C. Rehabilitation model
B. Reform model D. Community model
2. Which office evaluates the prisoners’ fitness and qualification for the grant of pardon and
parole?
A. Department of Justice C. National Prosecution Service
B. Parole and Probation Administration D. Board of Pardon and Parole
3. Force is used only by correctional institutions to:
A. Exact respect C. Show physical strength and power
B. Enforce discipline D. Perform assignments
4. The Supreme Court automatically reviews the cases of criminals convicted and meted out
the penalty of
A. 12 years 6 months and one day C. Death
B. Life Imprisonment D. 6 years one month and one day
5. Presidential Decree No. 968 established the ________ System.
A. Civilian Police C. Juvenile Justice
B. Family Welfare D. Adult Probation
6. What correctional institution houses accused prisoners awaiting trial?
A. Rehabilitation center C. Jail
B. Half way house D. Prison
7. The following are identified as correctional dilemmas EXCEPT:
A. Ambivalent correctional strategies and techniques
B. Unclear statement of correctional mission
C. Government support for funding requirement
D. Inadequacy of correctional personnel
8. The _________ theory in crime causation focuses on the criminal disorders, chromosomes
irregularity, and abnormal brain activity.
A. Psychological theory C. Sociological theory
B. Biological theory D. Political theory
9. This was the period when concepts of liberalism, nationality, equality, and individualism
dominated social and political thinking in the 18th century in England
A. Age of Reform C. Age of Discernment
B. Age of Rehabilitation D. Age of Reason
10. What does the classical theory provide?
A. Criminal behavior is inherited and therefore could be controlled by regulating the
reproduction of families
B. Criminal behavior is learned in interaction with other persons in a process of
communication.
C. Crime and delinquency are symptoms of social and penalty disorders
D. The basis of criminal liability is human free will and the purpose of penalty is
retribution
11. What correctional goal is referred to when the offender is rendered physically unable to
commit a crime in the future?
A. Deterrence C. Rehabilitation
B. Incapacitation D. Retribution
12. Under the UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners, Which of the
following are two (2) basic principles under rules of general application to prisoners?
1. There shall be no discrimination on grounds or race, color, sex, language, religion,
political or other opinion, national or social origin, birth or other status.
2. It is necessary to respect the religious beliefs and moral precepts of the group to
which a prisoner belongs.
3. The treatment of prisoners should emphasize not their exclusion from the community,
but their continuing part in it.
4. Unconvicted prisoners are presumed to be innocent and shall be treated as such.
A. 2 and 3 C. 1 and 2
B. 3 and 4 D. 4 and 1
13. When does the punishment have a deterrent effect?
A. Punishment reduces the capacity of an individual to commit a crime
B. Punishment is serious compared with the nature of offense
C. Punishment disgraces the offender before the public
D. Punishment serves as an example to the public thus, discouraging the commission of
offense
14. Who espoused the idea that criminality increases in proportion as one approaches the
equator?
A. Lombroso C. Ferri
B. Garofalo D. Montesquieu
15. This is an investigation of behavior based on subject’s responses to questions concerning
activities in which they have engaged.
A. Victimization study C. Social study
B. Self-report study D. Criminological research
16. Antonio Lava was sentenced to serve a maximum term of imprisonment of not more than
six (6) years. He applied for probation but his application will not be considered if:
1. He was convicted of subversion of any crime against national security or public order
2. He has previously convicted by final judgment of an offense punished by
imprisonment of not less than one (1) month and (1) day and/or a fine of not less
than P200.00
3. He was previously granted probation
4. He was previously granted parole
A. 1,2 and 3 C. 2,3 and 4
B. Any of those listed D. 3,4 and 1
17. Which of the following is an open correctional institution known to be the best and “prison
without walls?”
A. Sablayan Penal Colony C. San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm
B. Iwahig Penal Colony D. Davao Penal Farm
18. Among the following factors, which would best determine the extent to which prison
functions are subdivided?
A. Operating programs
B. Adequacy of resources
C. Inmate population and size of the prison/jail
D. Number of prison staff
19. Who espoused four (4) correctional principles as follows: security and sanitary structure;
systematic inspection; abolition of fees; and a reformatory regimen?
A. Jeremy Bentham C. John Howard
 B. Cesare Beccaria D. James Wilson
20. Aside from the name, offense committed and the court imposing the sentence, what
information about an alien offender should be reported to the Commissioner of
Immigration
A. His educational background and profession
B. Name of his wife and children
C. His age, weight and height
D. His nationality and number of his alien certificate of registration
21. What theory provides that criminal behavior is learned in interaction with other persons in
the process of communication?
A. Strain theory C. Social disorganization theory
B. Psychoanalytic theory D. Differential association theory
22. How are habitual offenders who have been involves in prostitution, drugs, number and
shoplifting called?
A. “punk” C. “cool”
B. “he life” D. “Square”
23. Who said that punishment should not be more secure than necessary to deter crime
because excessive punishment is unjustified?
A. Charles Goring C. Raffaele Garafallo
B. Robert Peel D. Jeremy Bentham
24. What idea is advocate by John Howard?
A. Corporal punishment is more effective than corporal punishment
B. Prisoners should be under the control of the police
C. Public labor by offenders should be abolished
D. Reformation will not occur inside penitentiaries
25. When some prisoners have disciplinary authority over their co-inmates?
A. When they show “macho” image
B. When they are of senior age over those to be supervised.
C. When they are of good behavior, more technically skilled and properly trained.
D. When their length of actual prison stay is longer than the other
26. How are inmates called when they are of low intelligence or afflicted with psychological or
physical disabilities and who have difficulty functioning within the prison society?
A. Psychotic criminals C. Adult criminals
B. Disorganized criminals D. Juvenile offenders
27. A convict is in a ________ if he is placed inside one (1) cell alone and without anybody to
talk or be seen with.
A. Individual confinement C. Corporal Punishment
B. Capital punishment D. Solitary confinement
28. After release from the jail or prison, when does the parolee present himself to the parole
and probation officer?
A. At least one (1) month from release
B. Within three (3) month from release
C. At least three (3) weeks from release
D. Within the period prescribed in the release document
29. One of the purposes of the adult probation law is to:
A. Promote the correction and rehabilitation of the offender by providing him with
personalized, community-based program
B. Place the offender outside the police power of the state
 C. Coordinate the workings of the agencies of the criminal justice system
D. Foster closer relationship between the offender and the judge who promulgated the
probation order
30. Is Mario qualified for probation if his prison term is arrest to mayor?
A. Yes, his sentence is less than 1 year and 6 days
B. No, his sentence is 12 years
C. No, his sentence is 8 years
D. Yes, his sentence is 6 months
31. Under this correctional goal, the criminal is rendered physically unable to commit crime in
the future.
A. Retribution C. Incapacitation
B. Deterrence D. Rehabilitation
32. Who among the following is the provincial prisoner?
A. A prisoner serving a term below six (6) years
B. A prisoner serving a term of six (6) years and up
C. A prisoner serving a term of six (6) months and one (1) day to three (3) years
D. A prisoner serving a term of three (3) years and one (1) day and up
33. What theory in criminology states that criminals are totally responsible for their behaviors?
The stress is more in the effect of their felonious act than upon the criminal himself.
A. Classical theory C. Biological theory
B. Positivist theory D. Physiological theory
34. Which two (2) of the following unusual offenders should be under the close supervision of
the jail physician?
1. mentally-ill
2. sex deviates
3. infirm or sick
4. escape-prone prisoners
A. 1 and 2 C. 3 and 4
B. 1 and 3 D. 2 and 3
35. This theory of criminology states that criminals are totally responsible for their behaviors
and the stress more on the effect of their felonious act than upon the criminal himself.
A. Positivist theory C. Physiological theory
B. Biological theory D. Classical theory
36. What is the action of the court in the case of probation violated his/her probation
conditions?
A. Court revokes probation and probationer goes to prison
B. Court directs probationer to re apply for probation
C. Court releases the probationer to the community
D. Court orders the continuation of probation
37. You are a legislator who would like to help in the resolution of the labeling of ex-convicts.
Which of the following is the best legislative proposal to prepare?
A. A bill that would expunge all criminal records pertaining to all released
prisoners.
B. A bill that would personalize business establishment or offices, which will not accept
released prisoners as long as they qualify to the vacant position.
C. A bill that would grant automatic absolute pardon to those who have served at
Least 90% of their sentence.
 D. A bill that would grant automatic parole to those who have served at least 80% of
their sentence.
38. There are four (4) concepts of lifestyle in prison. What sentence is referred to when
inmates aspire for leadership within the prison subculture and such positions and power in
the prison society?
A. Disorganized criminals C. doing time
B. jailing D. gleaning
39. How do inmates know that they have letters?
A. An inmate trustee delivers the letters to addressee
B. A list of mails for inmates is posted
C. Inmates with letters are called to the jail warden’s office
D. A jail-guard delivers the letters personally
40. Who introduce the Silent System in 1831 at the Auburn prison?
A. James Wilson C. Jeremy Bentham
B. Elam Lynds D. John Howard
41. Which of the following is an example of a residential program?
A. Work release C. Furlough
B. Alcohol treatment program D. Home detention
42. The correctional principle that “the basis of all social action must be the utilitarian
conception of the greatest happiness for the greatest number” was set forth by:
A. Montesquieu C. Beccaria
B. Locke D. Voltaire
43. Female prison reform during the 19th century had the following principles EXCEPT:
A. Separation of female prisoners from male
B. Suspension of sentence
C. Control of women’s prison by female management and staff
D. Provision for differential feminine care
44. Which of the following factors are considered in petition for executive clemency?
1. Age of the petitioner
2. Gravity of the offence
3. Manner in which offence is committed
4. Petitioner’s institutional conduct or manner
5. Previous criminal record if any
A. 2,3,4 and 5 C. All of this listed
B. 1,2,3 and 4 D. 3,4,5 and 1
45. Joan was convicted of the crime of the theft at age 10 what law provides that she should
release to her family?
A. Presidential Decree No. 1184
B. Presidential Decree No. 968
C. Presidential Decree No. 603
D. Presidential Decree No. 448
46. Who among the prisoners is a national prisoner?
1. One who is sentence to a maximum term of imprisonment of more than three
(3) years or to fine of more than P 5,000.00
2. Regardless of length of sentence, one sentence for violation of custom law or
other laws within the jurisdiction of the bureau of customs
3. Regardless of length of sentence, one sentence for violation of Immigration law
and Election law
 4. One sentence to serve two (2) or more prison sentence in the aggregate
exceeding the period of three years
A. 3,4 and 1 C. 2,3 and 4
B. All those listed D. 1,2 and 3
47. One of the following criminologists espoused the idea that the certain of punishment
outweigh its severity as a deterrent against crime?
A. Cesare Beccaria C. Charles Goring
B. Jeremy Bentham D. William Sheldon
48. Who was the Sheriff of Bedfordshire, England whose writings served to bring about
changes that resulted to the development of the penitentiary?
A. Cesare Lombroso C. Jeremy Bentham
B. Cesare Beccaria D. John Howard
49. Which of the following is encouraged to give the inmate a respite from the stain of prison
life?
A. Report unruly behavior of fellow inmates
B. Maintain wholesome contact with friends and relatives through correspondence
C. Perform prison assignments/ works diligently
D. Write his autobiography for others to read
50. Which of the following is exercised by executive clemency with the concurrence of
congress?
A. Probation C. Pardon
B. Amnesty D. Parole
51. With respect to the UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners, which of
the following should NOT be done to the prisoners?
A. Untried prisoners shall be kept separate from convicted prisoners.
B. Young offenders shall be kept separate from adult prisoners.
C. Women prisoners shall be segregated and kept away from male prisoners.
D. Female prisoner shall be allowed to have her children stay with her.
52. Who said that “criminal acts are signals of distress, signals of failures, and the spasms of
struggles and convulsions of a sub marginal human being trying to make it in our complex
society with inadequate equipment and preparation?”
A. John Howard C. James Wilson
B. Karl Menninger D. Jeremy Bentham
53. The Parole and Probation Administration administers a __________ corrections program.
A. Institutional C. Integrated
B. Community-based D. Traditional
54. Changing criminal through not punitive means is referred to as _________.
A. Retribution C. Restitution
B. Reformation D. Rehabilitation
55. Alfonso Mata was sentence to imprisonment on September 30, 2002. On October 5, 2002
the judge who promulgated the decision died. What is the effect of the judge’s death to
the service of Alfonso’s sentence?
A. He will have to serve his sentence C. his sentence will not be binding anymore
B. His sentence will be suspended D. His sentence will be reduced
56. Placido was convicted to a prison term of prison correctional. Will he qualify for probation?
A. Yes, his sentence is three (3) years and one (1) day
B. No, his sentence is six (6) years and one (1) day
C. Yes, his sentence is less than six (6) years and one (1) day
 D. No, his sentence is more than six (6) years and one (1) day
57. What was the system of money compensation in which harm could be atoned for by a
money payment to the injured party?
A. Lex taliones C. wergild
B. wite D. fine
58. It is an arrangement where a prisoner goes out of the institution to attend educational
classes.
A. Vocational program C. Work fur lough
B. Guidance counseling D. Study release
59. What the right to be tried in an ecclesiastical court during the middle ages?
A. Inquisition C. Social contract
B. Benefit of the clergy D. Secular prosecution
60. Prison work assignments are given to prisons usually __________.
A. At early morning hours C. Before sleeping hours
B. After recreational hours D. During middle hour of the day
61. Which among the following strategies should be developed in order to enhance
corrections in the country?
A. Development of clear vision, mission, objectives.
B. Management of correction efficiently.
C. Integration of correctional services.
D. Encouragement of private sector to assist corrections
62. One of the effects of social stigma maintained by an unforgiving society against criminals
is __________.
A. Worked out good relationship with the community
B. Respond to a rehabilitation program
C. Difficulties in securing employment
D. Fostered friendship with co prisoner
63. A minimum and maximum amount of time to be served in prison is referred to us
________.
A. A corporal punishment C. A determinate sentence
B. An indeterminate sentence D. A capital punishment
64. Who advocate the principle that the basis of all social action must be the utilitarian
conception of the greatest happiness for the greatest number?
A. John Howard C. George B. Vold
B. Cesare Beccaria D. Jeremy Bentham
65. Detention prisoner who are awaiting judgment or trial of their case is under the
supervision and control of:
A. Bureau of Corrections C. Provincial Jail
B. Davao Penal Colony D.Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
66. Robin Padilla served his sentence at the New Bilibid Prison in Muntinlupa. Why was he
promulgated at the Reception and Diagnostic Center?
A. He is an actor and he is photogenic
B. It is a rare opportunity to have his photograph
C. To have a souvenir and a pass for his films
D. Photographing the inmate is part of reception procedures
67. To whom, shall decision making authority be delegated?
A. Staff supervisors
B. Line supervisors
 C. Subordinates
D. All line and staff personnel at the management level.
68. Which of the following organizations donated the Half Way House inside the compound of
the Bureau of Corrections?
A. United Nations Security Council C. Philippine Charity Sweepstakes
B. Office of the President D. Asia Crime Foundation, Japan
69. Juana was required to provide financial remuneration for the losses incurred by the victim.
What is this type of sentence?
A. Payment C. Retribution
B. Restitution D. Fines
70. What institution conducts training program for uninformed personnel of the bureau of Jail
Management and Penology?
A. Fire Service Training Institute C. PNP Training Center
B. PNP Academy D. Jail Management Training Institute
71. An _________ program employs prisoners in various product or good producing tasks.
A. Agricultural C. Operational
B. Industrial D. Administrative
72. Which of the following statement is true?
A. A parolee may be authorized by the parole and probation officer to travel outside his
operational jurisdiction for a period of more than thirty (30) days
B. Outside travel for a cumulative duration of more than thirty (30) days within a
period of one (1) year shall be considered transfer or residence
C. It is not mandatory to the parolee to comply with the terms and conditions appearing
in the release document
D. A parolee cannot transfer to a residence other than that indicated in the Release
Document without the prior written approval of the Board of Pardon and Parole
73. What is referred to as hustling inside the prison?
A. Befriending the prison guard C. Doing assigned prison assignment
B. Selling illegal commodities D. Reporting illegal activities
74. Juanito is 17 years old when he was convicted for the crime of theft. Can he apply for
probation under the Adult Probation System?
A. No, because he is entitled for parole C. No, because he is only 17 years old
B. No, because his crime is theft D. No, because he is convicted for a crime
75. It is a correctional model wherein criminals are punished because they have infringed the
right of the others and the security of the sanction should fit the seriousness of the crime.
A. Benefit of the clergy C. Rehabilitation Model
B. Custodial model D. Just Desert Model
76. Who among the following may have his penalty suspended under PD 603?
A. Eduardo who is 30 years old C. Ronald who is 25 years old
B. Peter who is 10 years old D. Jack who is 20 years old
77. What document is issued to a parolee when the maximum period of his prison term has
expired?
A. Certificate of Final Discharge
B. Certificate of Prison Term Completion
C. Certificate of Final Release
D. Certificate of Final Release and Discharge
78. It was an age of response to the industrialization, urbanization, technological change, and
advancement of science that has revolutionized the landscape.
 A. Age of Reform C. Age of Corrections
B. Age of reason D. age of enlightenment
79. Which model underscores the assumption that criminal behavior is caused by biological or
psychological conditions that require treatment?
A. Reform model C. Community model
B. Rehabilitation model D. Medical model
80. What is the legal process that results in the removal of conviction from the official
records?
A. Exoneration C. Expungement
B. Restriction D. Mitigation
81. The judge will base the grant of probation on the report of the __________.
A. Social worker C. Prosecutor
B. Probation officer D. Police officer
82. The inmates in city/municipal jail serve sentence of:
A. Not more than one (1) year C. Not more than three (3) years
B. Not more than six (6) months D. Less than three (3) years
83. When can a drug user or one who is in possession of drugs be placed on probation?
A. First time offender
B. First time offender and less than 21 years old
C. Second time offender and less than 21 years old
D. Second time offender
84. Which of the following is considered in the grant of conditional pardon?
A. Good Conduct shown
B. Discipline of the prisoner
C. Old age provided that he was not yet 60 years old at the time of his commitment to
prison
D. Length of time spent in prison
85. To what penal farm were political prisoners in 1970’s confirmed?
A. Sablayan Penal Colony C. Ihawig Penal Colony
B. San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm D. Davao Penal Colony
86. A married prisoner is visited by his wife and they are granted time for their marital sexual
obligations. This privilege is called?
A. Conjugal partnership C. Conjugal incentive
B. Conjugal vacation D. Conjugal visit
87. What crimes apparently have no complaining victims such as gambling, prostitution and
drunkenness?
A. Complex crimes C. Organized crimes
B. Blue collar crimes D. Victimless crimes
88. What is the movement in 1970, which held that offenders were out of touch with God
thus, they were given bibles and placed in isolation.
A. Reformatory Movement C. Quaker Reform Movement
B. Church Reform Movement D. Crime Prevention Movement
89. Where shall Marito be confined if his sentence is six (6) months or less?
A. Provincial Jail C. Penal Farm
B. Municipal Jail D. National prison
90. It is a judicial action or legal disposition that allows the offender to remain in the
community subject to conditions imposed by court order?
A. Commutation C. Reprieve
 B. Probation D. Parole
91. Which agency performs the evaluation of prisoner’s fitness and qualifications for the grant
of pardon or parole?
A. National Police Commission
B. Board of Pardon and Parole
C. Department of Social Welfare Development
D. National Bureau of Investigation
92. Which of the following institutions is included under the corrections sub-system?
A. Drug rehabilitation center C. jails
B. Police D. Drug enforcement unit
93. Who among the following prisoners shall NOT be considered for commutation of
sentence?
1. If the prisoner is illegible for parole
2. If the prisoner had been sentenced to another prison term within one (1) year from
the date of his last recommitment to the jail or prison from were he escaped
3. If the prisoner had violated any condition of his discharge on parole or conditional
pardon
4. If the prisoner is suffering from a mental illness or disorder as certified by a
government psychiatrist
A. 3, 4 and 1 C. 2, 3 and 1
B. All of those listed D. 1, 2 and 3
94. The theory which affords the society or the individual who was wronged the opportunity
to impose upon the offender such suitable punishment as may be enforced?
A. Retribution C. Deterrence
B. Reformation D. Expiration
95. What organizational principle should be adopted since no one person can exercise all the
authority in making decisions?
A. Span of control C. Delegation of authority
B. Unity of command D. Line and staff work
96. Who among the following may have his penalty suspended under PD 603
A. Pablo who is 25 years old C. Martin who is 20 years old
B. Juan who is ten years old D. Pedro who is 19 years old
97. Sony is convicted for a crime that carries a prison sentence of more than eight (8) years
and one (1) day. Can Sonny avail of probation?
A. No C. He will serve ½ of the sentence in jail
B. He will be pardoned D. Yes
98. The target behavior change effort for inmates is not criminality per se but the variety of
problem behavior surrounding criminal lifestyles. Which of the following is NOT a problem
behavior?
A. Ability to relate with others
B. Ability to control anger and frustration
C. Ability to logically and rationally think
D. Deficiency in social skills
99. Which of the following are the major goals of corrections?
A. Punishment, confinement, retribution, treatment
B. Retribution, deterrence, incapacitation, rehabilitation
C. Deterrence, retribution, punishment, treatment
D. Deterrence, punishment, incapacitation, treatment
 100. Which of the following should a probationer NOT do?
A. Make periodic office report
B. Go and play in a gambling den
C. Work regularly to support his family
D. Stay away from bad associates

101. What school of criminology refers to a belief that crime is committed after an individual
weighs the pros and cons: the decision to commit a crime is a rational decision and is best
countered through a deterrence-based system?
A. Classical
B. Neo-Classical
C. Critical Criminology
D. Post Modernism
102. What is that set of crime prevention practices designed to make potential targets less
attractive believing that crime is a rational act used to make a potential target less attractive to a
criminal and thus not a” rational” target?
A. Crime Prevention through Environmental Design (CPTED)
B. Target Hardening
C. Victimology
D. Skinner’s Operant Conditioning
103. What economic theory is that which states people act to increase their benefits and reduce
their loss which is closely related to the theory that people seek to increase their pleasure and
reduce their pain?
A. Expected utility Principle
B. Rational Choice Theory
C. Classical Criminology
D. Thoughtful Reflective Decision Making (TDRM)
104. Which element of deterrence refers to how harsh the punishment of crime will be?
A. Severity
B. Certainty
c. Proportionality
D. Celerity
105. Which of the following is a doctrine that a community or society of people can be deterred
from committing a criminal act after having witnessed the punishment of those who have
committed said acts?
A. General Deterrence
B. Specific Deterrence
C. Perceptual Deterrence
D. Absolute Deterrence
106. Who among the following is a jurist and a philosopher, prominent in the 18th and 19th
century and who advocated the abolition of the death penalty?
A. Jeremy Bentham
B. Cesare Beccaria
C. Cesare Lombroso
D. Charles Goring
107. Who is that British Criminologist who proposed the idea that criminals are shorter, weigh
less and “mentally defective”. He wrote “The English Convict: A statistical Study 1913.
A. Charles Goring
B. William Ferrero
C. Han J. Eyesenck
D. E.A. Hooten

108. What kind of theory fundamentally believes that individual differences could be
scientifically measured. It relies on advances in genetics, rain functioning, neurology, nutrition
and biochemistry such that individuals commit criminal acts due to biological or genetic defects?
A. Traditional Biological
B. Modern Biosocial
C. Biologically-based theory
D. Biosocial Theory
109. What characteristics claimed by Lombroso could be used to identify the “born Criminal”
and that which includes extra fingers or toes, large lips, receding chins, excessive skin wrinkles
and monkey-like ears?
A. Stigmata
B. Criminaloid
C. Atavism
D. Electra Complex
110. What is that theory drawn from a Freudian perspective which general states that the causes
of criminal behavior can be found in the mind of the individual that may have been caused by a
conflict between the ID, ego and Super-ego perspective or as a result of an improper fixation
A. Personality
B. Psychoanalytic
C. psychological
D. Psychopathy
111. What is that model proposed by Akers in which social structural factors have an indirect
effect on an individual’s actions through the social learning process?
A. Social Structure and Social Learning Model
B. Symbolic Interactionism
C. Social Reinforcement
D. Positive Reinforcement
112. What control theory refers to ty inner and outer containment measures the inner and outer
pushes and pulls on an individual producing delinquency unless they are constrained or
counteracted by inner and outer containment measures?
A. Control
B. Containment
C. Self-control
D. Social Bonding
113. What theory gives focus on why a person is NOT a criminal? Instead of asking why people
break the law, this theory wants to know why people DO NOT break the law?
A. Social Development Model (SDM)
B. Control
C. Containment
 D. Drift Theory
114. What is that process by which an individual is punished, labeled, and made to feel shame
for committing deviant act in a manner that degrades devalues the individual?
A. Decriminalization
b. Disintegrative shaming
C, Deinstitutionalization
D. Diversion Movement
115. What is that theory about formal and informal application of stigmatizing and deviant labels
or tags applied to an individual by society will not deter but rather instigate future deviant or
criminal acts?
A. Labeling
B. Reintegrative Shaming
C. Symbolic Interactionism
d. Restorative Justice
116. What is that process by which an individual is punished, labeled and put to shame for
committing a deviant act, but done in a way that the shamed individual is brought back into a
larger community and restored to a position of respectability?
A. Reintegrative Shaming
B. Radical Non-Interventionism
C. Restorative justice
D. Disintegrative Shaming
117. Which theory views a city as analogous to the natural ecological community of plants and
animals a relationship better understood through the use of concentric zones that spread from the
center to the outer regions or city?
A. Concentric Zone Theory
B. Social Disintegration
C. Urban Ecology
D. Collective Efficacy
118. What is that state of normlessness or norm confusion within the society; this term was
coined by Durkheim, who explained suicide in French Society and later applied by Merton and
others to other forms of deviance and crime in the American Society?
A. Anomie
B. General Strain
C. Social Disintegration
D. Differential Opportunity
119. What theory in general states that laws are a result of and a reflection of general agreement
in a society; Views of right and wrongs can be reflected through folkways, mores, influence the
law s and rules that govern society?
A. Consensus
B. Containment
C. Conflict
D. Social Threat Hypotheses
120. What is that normative system with rules concerning the way people should or should not
behave?
A. Social Control
B. Concensus
 C. Functionalist
D. Socialization
121. What theory identifies Capitalism as the cause of crime? The law and the criminal justice
system are used to protect the interests of the capitalist elite?
A. Marxism
B. Utilitarianism
C. Socialism
D. Structuralism
122. What is that system of economic organization wherein the means of production are held by
the state for the benefit of all?
A. utilitarianism
B. Socialism
C. Marxism
D. Capitalism
123. What kind of criminology is an extension of Marxism and goes beyond the examination of
the effects of capitalism on crime