Assignment 1

Submission date: 10.3.2020

Name: Ying Konggang
Student Number:201720060718
Question 1: Write the differences between vacuum tube & transistor.
Solution: Differences:1、The vacuum tube is an electron tube from which all or most of the gas
has been removed, permitting electrons to move with no or low interaction with any remaining
gas molecules.
2、A transistor is a device that conducts a variable amount of electricity through it, depending
on how much electricity is input to it. In other words, it is a digital switch. However, unlike the
vacuum tube, it is solid state.
3、Solid state means that it doesn't change its physical form as it switches. There are no moving
parts in a transistor.
4 、 Compared to the vacuum tube, transistors were much smaller, faster and cheaper to
manufacture. They were also far more reliable and used much less power.

Question 2: What are the different types of memory devices? Write the differences between
RAM & ROM.
Solution:1、Memory devices: MOS, PMOS, NMOS, CMOS. SRAM, DRAM, ROM, EEPROM
2、Differences between RAM & ROM:
RAM: volatile memory, data in ram is not permanently written when power off, data deleted, it
requires electricity to retain data.
RAM is the memory available for the operating system programs and process to use when the
computer is running.
ROM: non volatile, data is permanently and not erased, it does not requires electricity to retain
data.
ROM is the memory that comes with your computer that is pre-written to hold the instructions
for booting up the computer.
Question 3: Explain transducer, signal conditioner & op-amp.
Solution:1 、 transducer: A substance or device, such as a piezoelectric crystal, microphone or
photoelectric cell, that converts input energy of one form into output energy of another.
2、signal conditioner: In electronics, signal conditioning means manipulating an analog signal in
such a way that it meets the requirements of the next stage for further processing.
3、op-amp: Op amp - the heart of the analog computer
It performs many mathematical operations such as multiplication, addition, subtraction, division,
integration and differentiation

Question 4: Explain second order low pass filter with block diagram.

Solution:

It is a RLC low-pass filter，the Transfer function:

XC
f  s 
R  X L  XC
1 sC

R  sL  1 sC
1 02
 f  s 
LCs 2  RCs  1 s 2  0 s Q  02
Question 5: Draw the block diagram of flash ADC & sigma delta converter.
Solution: Flash ADC:

Sigma delta converter: