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ULTRASONIC TESTING
UT Q BANK A-3

1. In ultrasonic testing, energy is transmitted through a solid material by a

series of small material displacements with in the material
a. True
b. False

2. The condition of starting at a center (rest) position, moving towards a

maximum position, returning through the center position to a maximum
position in the opposite direction, and finally returning to the center
position is called a:
a. Frequency
b. Period
c. Cycle
d. Wavelength

3. The back and forth movements of particles within a medium are called:
a. Cycles
b. Wavelengths
c. Vibrations
d. Flutter

4. The time required to perform one complete cycle is called the

a. Period
b. Frequency
c. Wavelength
d. Velocity

5. The number of cycles in a given period of time is called the

a. Period
b. Frequency
c. Wavelength
d. Velocity
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6. The movement of a particle away from its center(rest) position is called

a:
a. Cycle
b. Wavelength
c. Vibration
d. Displacement

7. Vibrations in solid materials do not represent energy in motion

a. True
b. False

8. A vibration can be said to have the following property

a. Cycle
b. Period
c. Frequency
d. All of these.

9. Ultrasonic sound propagates through a medium as waves of particle

vibrations
a. True
b. False

10. Ultrasonic sound is usually described as sound:

a. Which may or may not be heard by human ear?
b. Too high to be heard by human ear
c. Too low to be heard by human ear
d. Which can be heard in the audible range only?

11. The velocity of sound is constant for a given material but varies from
one material to another material
a. True
b. False

12. Ultrasonic vibrations are generally defined as having a frequency

above:
a. 5,000Hz.
b. 100,000 Hz
c. 20,000 Hz
d. 1,000,000 Hz

13. Ultrasonic sound can be either continuous or pulsed

a. True
b. False

14. Ultrasonic sound moves through solids as well as:

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a. Air
b. Liquids
c. Grease
d. All of these
15. Wavelength is defined as:
a. The distance a wave travels to the back surface of the specimen.
b. The distance between points of maximum particle displacement is
one direction in a wave
c. The number of cycles produced per second
d. The time required for a wave to reach a certain point in the
specimen

16. Wave velocity is dependent on:

a. The ratio of sound velocity to wavelength
b. The density and elastic properties of the medium
c. The material density and frequency in the medium
d. The elasticity of the medium through which the wave is traveling

17. Transducers used in ultrasonic testing exhibit which of the following

effects?
a. Ferromagnetic.
b. Piezoelectric.
c. Electromechanical
d. Hyper acoustic

18. Transducer bandwidth is dependent on the ______ of its central

frequency
a. Wavelength
b. Velocity
c. Waveform
d. Amplitude

19. A definite relationship exists among the three factors; velocity,

frequency, and wavelength. This relationship is expressed by the
formula.
a. λ = V/f
b. λ = f/V
c. λ = Fv
d. X= λ /f

20. If frequency is increased , wavelength will:

a. Decrease(be shorter)
b. Increase (be longer)
c. Will remain the same but velocity will increase
d. Will remain the same but velocity will decrease.
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21. A device that converts electrical energy to mechanical energy and

mechanical energy to electrical energy is called a:
a. Generator
b. Transceiver
c. Transducer
d. Converter

22. The best team for ultrasonic testing is a broad, expanding beam a
mechanical energy
a. True
b. False

23. The zone in an ultrasonic beam where irregular intensities exist is

called the
a. Near zone
b. Far zone
c. Irregular zone
d. Free field

24. In the adjacent figure, zone A is called the

A B

TRANSDUCER SOUND BEAM

SPECIMEN

a. Near zone
b. Far zone
c. Irregular zone
d. Free field

25. In the preceding figure, zone B is called the

a. Near zone
b. Far zone
c. Irregular zone
d. Free field

26. When the beam spread of an ultrasonic beam is small, the intensity
across the beam is said to :
a. Be relatively constant
b. Decrease in intensity
c. Increase in intensity
d. Both increase and decrease in intensity with depth
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27. In the adjacent figure, the intensity at point B will be the same as at
point A.
A B

TRANSDUCER SOUND BEAM

SPECIMEN

a. True
b. False

28. As frequency increases in ultrasonic testing, beam spread(divergence)

for a given diameter transducer
a. Decreases
b. Increases
c. Remains unchanged.
d. Varies uniformly

29. The loss of energy as sound moves through a specimen is called

a. Absorption
b. Proagation
c. Reflection
d. Attenuation

30. Acoustical impedance is defined as:

a. The product of material density and wave velocity
b. The ratio of material density to wave velocity
c. The ratio of wave velocity of sound density
d. The product of wave velocity and frequency

31. The relationship of acoustical impedance to material density and wave

velocity is expressed by the equation.
a. Z = λ V
b. Z=ρV
c. Z=ρ/V
d. Z =V/ρ

32. The greater the difference in the impedance between materials making
up an interface the less the sound is reflected.
a. True
b. False
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33. The purpose of a couplant is to:

a. Filter undesirable reflections from the specimen
b. Tune the transducer to the correct operating frequency
c. Reduce attenuation within the specimen
d. Transmit ultrasonic waves from the transducer to the specimen

34. A couplant can be

a. Water
b. Oil
c. A plastic material
d. All of these

35. The useful width of the sound beam emitted from a transducer is:
a. Less than the transducer’s physical width
b. The same as the transducer’s physical width
c. Increased by the side or secondary lobe effect

36. A small diameter transducer will produce the smallest amount of beam
spread for a given frequency.
a. True
b. False

37. Any difference is acoustic impedance between adjacent media

produce:
a. Surface waves
b. Propagation
c. Reflection
d. Attenuation

38. Which of the following cannot be considered a coupling agent?

a. Grease
b. Water
c. Air
d. Glycerin

39. A transducer radiates a band of frequencies rather than a single

frequency.
a. True
b. False

40. Snell’s Law is used to find:

a. Impedance mismatch
b. Angular relationships
c. Velocity
d. Wavelength
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41. The equation expressing the angle of refraction of a sound beam

passing from one material to another is:
a. Sinθ1 =V1V2
b. Sinθ2
c. λ = V/f
d. Z=ρV
e. Sinθ1 =V1
Sinθ2 V2

42. The angle of reflection of an ultrasonic longitudinal beam is:

a. Equal to the angle of incidence
b. Approximately four times the angle of incidence.
c. Approximately half the angle of incidence
d. Equal to the angle of refraction

43. Longitudinal (compression) waves produce vibrations which are;

a. In the same direction as the motion of the sound
b. Perpendicular to the motion of the sound
c. Elliptical
d. Symmetrical

44. Shear, or transverse, waves are described as having:

a. Particle motion normal(90˚) to direction of propagation and a
velocity approximately half that of longitudinal waves
b. Exceptionally high sensitivity due to low attenuation resulting from
longer wavelengths when propagating through water
c. A velocity approximately twice that of surface waves in the direction
of propagation
d. Particle motion perpendicular (90˚) to the direction of propagation
and no attenuation in water

45. The adjacent figure illustrates four waves. Wave A strikes the surface of
the specimen and produces waves B,C and D .The incident angle is
B
a. #1 A #1
b. #2
c. #3 #2
d. #4 SURFACE

#3
D
# 4
C
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46. The adjacent figure illustrates four waves. Wave A strikes the surface of
the specimen and produces waves B,C and D . The reflection angle is

B
A #1

#2
SURFACE

#3
D
# 4
C

a. #1
b. #2
c. #3
d. #4

47. The adjacent figure illustrates four waves.Wave A strikes the surface of
the specimen and produces waves B,C and D. The refraction angles are

B
A #1

#2
SURFACE

#3

D
# 4 C

a. #1
b. #2
c. #3
d. #4
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ULTRASONIC TESTING
UT Q BANK A-3
ANSWERS

QUESTIONS ANSWERS QUESTIONS ANSWERS

1 A 25 B
2 C 26 A
3 C 27 B
4 A 28 A
5 B 29 D
6 D 30 A
7 B 31 B
8 D 32 B
9 A 33 D
10 B 34 D
11 A 35 A
12 B 36 B
13 A 37 C
14 D 38 C
15 B 39 A
16 B 40 B
17 B 41 D
18 D 42 A
19 A 43 A
20 A 44 A
21 C 45 A
22 B 46 B
23 A 47 C and D
24 A