Pronoun

Pronoun ialah kata yang digunakan atau difungsikan sebagai pengganti kata benda (noun).
KINDS OF PRONOUN
A. Personal Pronoun Kata ganti orang atau kata ganti benda yang menempati posisi subject dan
object.

SINGULAR FORM

Indefinite gender Indefinite gender Masculine Feminine Neuter

Subjective
I You He She It
form
Objective
Me You Him Her It
form
Possessive
My Your His Her Its
adjective
Possessive
Mine Yours His Hers -
pronoun
Reflexive
Myself Yourself Himself Herself Itself
pronoun
1st person 2nd person 3rd person

PLURAL FORM

Indefinite gender Indefinite gender Indefinite gender

Subjective form We You They
Objective form Us You Them
Possessive adjective Our Your Their
Possessive pronoun Ours Yours Theirs
Reflexive pronoun Ourselves Yourselves Themselves
1st person 2nd person 3rd person
Dari 2 tabel di atas dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut:

A. Personal Pronoun B. Possessive C. Reflexive

Subject Object Pronoun Adjective Pronoun
I → Me → Mine → My … → My self
You → You → Yours → Your … → Yourself/Yourselves
They → Them → Theirs → Their … → Themselves
We → Us → Ours → Our … → Ourselves
She → Her → Hers → Her … → Herself
He → Him → His → His … → Himself
It → It → - → Its … → Itself

֎ Pronoun Subject : Kata ganti yang menjadi subject (pokok kalimat).

e.g.:
» “Where is Simon?” “He is in the kitchen.”
» Sue didn’t go out last night. She stayed at home.
֎ Pronoun Object : Kata ganti yang menjadi object.
» Object of transitive verb.
e.g:
ᴥ John likes them.
ᴥ My sisters hate you.
ᴥ Can you lend me some money?
» Object of preposition.
e.g.:
ᴥ The students are waiting for us.
ᴥ Look at them!
ᴥ I’ll be back with her.

Note:
Dalam personal pronoun, selain yang sudah disebutkan di atas, kata ‘one’ juga biasa digunakan
sebagai personal pronoun. Akan tetapi kata ‘one’ bisa dijelaskan dengan modifier, sedangkan personal
pronoun yang lainnya tidak bisa.
e.g.:
ᴥ One should take care one’s health.
ᴥ One should always give oneself a plenty of time to back.
ᴥ My new flat is much bigger than my old one (=my old flat).
Posisi dan fungsi ‘one’ sebagai personal pronoun:
Position in Sentence as Subject of Verb.
ᴥ One should always be polite.
as Object of Transitive Verb.
ᴥ I’m looking for a tie.
ᴥ I want one with stripes.
of Preposition.
ᴥ He talks to one like a teacher.
as of Subject.
Complement ᴥ That’s the one.
in Noun Phrase as Head.
ᴥ A blue one.
I’m looking for a tie. I want to a blue one.
as Modifier.
ᴥ One’s family.
ᴥ One’s family can be difficult.

B. Possesive Pronoun Kata ganti yang menunjukan kepemilikan yang berasal dari personal
pronoun.
e.g.:
֎ This is your book. This bok is yours.
֎ Mr. Indra is my friend. Mr. Indra is a friend of mine.
Posisi dan fungsi possessive pronoun:
Position in Sentence as Subject of Verb.
ᴥ Yours will become mine. polite.
as Object of Transitive Verb.
ᴥ I borrow hers.
of Preposition.
ᴥ He has borrowed a book of mine.
as of Subject. (Subjective Complement)
Complement ᴥ It is yours.

C. Reflexive Pronoun Kata ganti yang memiliki makna ‘sendiri(an)’.

e.g.:
֎ They love themselves.
֎ Mr. Lang goes to market by himself *.

*Note :
Untuk mengekspresikan makna sendirian (alone) bisa menggunakan dua rumusan di bawah ini:
֎ By + Reflexive Pronoun

e.g.:
ᴥ I can’t move this table by myself. It’s too heavy.
֎ On + Possessive Adjective + Own
 e.g.:
ᴥ I can’t move this table on my own. It’s too heavy.

Posisi dan fungsi reciprocal pronoun:

Position in Sentence as Object of Transitive Verb.
ᴥ My sisters serves herself.
of Preposition.
ᴥ He talks to himself.

as Adverb of Emphasis of Subject.

ᴥ I myself do the duty.
ᴥ I do the duty myself.
of Subject.
ᴥ I love you yourself.