“An Analytical Study of Financial

Performance of Agriculture Produce Market

Committees in Pune District”

A Minor Research Project

Submitted To
University Grants Commission, New Delhi
Western Region Office,
Ganeshkhind, Pune – 411007.

Under The Faculty of Commerce

------------ Principal Invigilator -----------

Dr. Govind Mahadeo Dumbre
(M. Com., M. Phil., Ph. D.)
HOD & Vice Principal
Annasaheb Waghire College, Otur.
Tal - Junner, Dist - Pune

------------ Research Place -----------

Department of Commerce
PDEA’s Annasaheb Waghire Arts, Science and
Commerce College, Otur

July, 2019
Chapter Name Of The Chapter Page No

I Introduction and Research Methodology 1 - 25

II Review of Literature 26 - 55

III Profile of Pune District 56 - 71

IV Organisation and Management of APMC’s 72 - 91

Comparative Analysis Of Financial Position

V 92 - 119
Of APMC

VI Summary, Conclusion And Suggestions 120 - 132

Appendices
 CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The Prologue
This part gives the essential reason to the examination consider. It gives a concise
presentation of farming promoting in India, the kinds of agribusiness, extent of
horticulture business, agribusiness showcasing and monetary improvement, the
history and development of horticulture advertising is likewise clarified in a nutshell.
The section likewise gives the insights concerning targets of the investigation,
speculation tried, look into procedure, strategies and instruments of information
gathering and, examination of information.
India is a farming nation and 33% populace relies upon the agrarian area specifically
or by implication. Horticulture stays as the fundamental stray of the Indian economy
since times immemorial. Indian agribusiness commitment to the national (GDP) is
around 25 percent. With nourishment being the delegated need of humanity, much
accentuation has been on commercializing horticultural generation. Thus, sufficient
generation and even conveyance of nourishment has turned into a high need
worldwide concern.
Horticultural showcasing is mostly the purchasing and moving of rural items. In prior
days when the town economy was pretty much independent the advertising of
horticultural items gave no trouble the rancher sold his produce to the shoppers on a
money or trade premise.
The present horticultural showcasing needs to experience a progression of trades or
exchanges starting with one individual then onto the next before it achieves the
shopper. There are three advertising capacities engaged with this, i.e., gathering,
planning for utilization and dissemination. Moving on any horticultural produce relies
upon some couple of variables like the interest of the item around then, accessibility
of capacity and so on. The items might be sold straightforwardly in the market or it
might be put away locally for the present. In addition, it might be sold as it is
assembled from the field or it might be cleaned, evaluated and handled by the rancher
or the dealer of the town. At some point preparing is done in light of the fact that
customers need it, or at times to ration the nature of that item. The assignment of
dispersion framework is to coordinate the supply with the current interest by entire

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moving and retailing in different purposes of various markets like essential, optional
or terminal markets.
The vast majority of the rural items in India are sold by ranchers in the private
segment to moneylenders (to whom the agriculturist might be obliged) or to town
brokers. Items are sold in different ways. For instance, it may be sold at a week by
week town showcase in the agriculturist's town or in a neighboring town. On the off
chance that these outlets are not accessible, at that point produce may be sold at
unpredictably held markets in a close-by town or town, or in the mandi.
In India, there are a few focal government associations, who are engaged with
horticultural advertising like, Commission of Agricultural Costs and Prices, Food
Corporation of India, Cotton Corporation of India, Jute Corporation of India, and so
forth. There are likewise specific promoting bodies for elastic, tea, espresso, tobacco,
flavors and vegetables. Under the Agricultural Produce (evaluating and showcasing)
Act of 1937, in excess of forty essential wares are mandatorily reviewed for fare and
deliberately evaluated for inward utilization. Despite the fact that the control of item
showcases is a component of state government, the directorate of advertising and
investigation gives promoting and assessment administrations and money related
guide down to the town level to enable set to up ware evaluating focuses in chosen
markets.
As we have a convention of farming generation, showcasing and unified business
exercises, presently it is the ideal opportunity for us to conceptualize and turn out with
new thoughts of significant worth included administrations. These esteem included
administrations will give the current horticultural motor another measurement. The
following coherent advance could be nourishment preparing which not exclusively
could be another income creating region yet in addition can give bunches of all day
work to our young people. With the changing agrarian situation and worldwide
challenge, there is a need of misusing the accessible assets at most extreme
dimension.
There was a study embraced by the directorate of showcasing and examination in the
service of farming in 1970-71 and 1971-72, of five hundred managed markets was,
with the end goal of evaluating the ampleness and productivity of the current
controlled markets and featuring their downsides and lacks and recommending
measures to create them. A standout amongst the most essential downsides has been
the lacking money related assets of a portion of the market boards of trustees.
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Another vital improvement in the field of controlled markets is the unmistakable
fascination taken by the International Development Agency (IDA) in the advancement
of the framework in directed markets. The IDA is financing the improvement of
framework in 50 markets of Bihar.
Agribusiness
John H. Davis of Harvard University originally utilized the term agribusiness in 1955.
In 1980s it was given three meanings: (1) synonymous with term agribusiness, (2)
synonymous with agrarian financial matters and (3) an altered idea of horticulture,
barring cultivating, or the off-ranch parts of farming.
At present, agribusiness is characterized as all business endeavors or pitches to
agriculturists/dealers/shoppers. The exchange may include either an info or a produce
or administration and envelops things, for example,
1. Productive assets (feed, seed, compost, hardware, vitality, pesticides, apparatus,
and so forth.).
2. Agricultural items – (crude and prepared products of sustenance and fiber).
3. Facilitative administrations (credit, protection, promoting, capacity, preparing,
transportation, pressing, conveyance, consultancy, soil testing and so forth.).
Degree for Agribusiness in India
There is wide degree for agrarian business in India as pursues
1. India is enriched with fluctuated prior atmosphere, which encourages generation
of calm, sub-tropical and tropical farming products.
2. There is developing interest for farming sources of info like feed and grub,
inorganic manures, bio-composts.
3. Biotechnology applications in horticulture have huge extension underway of seed,
bio-control specialists, mechanical saddling of microorganisms for pastry shop
items.
4. Export can be tackled as a wellspring of monetary development. As a signatory of
World Trade Organization, India can possibly enhance it present position in the
World exchange of agrarian wares both crude and handled structure. The items
line incorporate grains, heartbeats, oilseeds and oils, oil supper, flavors and
fixings, foods grown from the ground, blossoms, restorative plants and basic oils,
agrarian warning administrations, rural devices and executes, meat, milk and milk
items, fish and fish items, decorative fish, woodland by items and so on.
3|Page
5. At present handling is done at essential dimension just and the rising way of life
grows open doors for optional and tertiary preparing of agrarian products.
6. The immense beach front line and inward water courses gives tremendous chance
to generation of marine and inland fish and fancy fish culture picking up fame
with increment in stylish incentive among the subjects of India.
7. The animal’s riches give tremendous extension for creation of meat, milk and
milk items, poultry items and so forth
8. The woods assets can be used for generation of by results of ranger service.
9. Beekeeping and apiary can be taken up on vast scale in India.
10. Mushroom creation for household utilization and fare can be upgraded with
enhancement in the condition of specialty of their generation.
11. Organic cultivating has most noteworthy potential in India as the pesticide and
inorganic manure application are less in India contrasted with mechanical
countries of the world. The ranchers can be urged and taught to switch over for
natural cultivating.
12. There is wide degree for generation and advancement of bio-pesticides and bio-
control specialists for insurance of harvests.
13. Seeds, crossover and hereditarily altered harvests, have the most astounding
potential in India later on, since the efficiency of high yielding assortments have
achieved a level.
14. Micro-water system frameworks and work sparing homestead types of gear have
great potential for the years to come due to declining groundwater level and work
shortage for agrarian activities like weeding, transplanting and gathering.
15. Production of vegetables and blooms under greenhouse conditions can be taken up
to tackle the fare showcase.
16. Trained HR in horticulture and associated sciences will go up against rural
augmentation framework because of diminishing assets of state fund and down
measuring the present government farming expansion staff as counseling
administrations.
17. The upgraded farming generation tosses open doors for work in advertising,
transport, cold stockpiling and warehousing offices, credit, protection and
calculated help administrations.

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Agriculture Marketing:
Rural showcasing involves extraordinary significance to agriculturists, customers and
agents. It gives the channel of correspondence among agriculturists and the general
public. It likewise gives his constant data about the requests of the horticultural
produce. Agrarian advertising as a rule incorporates every one of the exercises from
ranch to the kitchen of the shoppers. Along these lines, the advertising of farming
produce has turned into an indispensable piece of the modem generation and
utilization process. Agrarian promoting is a procedure by which the makers and
purchasers of horticultural items are united to impacts the deal with respect to the
makers and make the buy with respect to buyers.
In farming promoting Agricultural produce showcase boards are the principle
foundations, which are managing the exchange of agrarian wares in a predefined
zone. The horticultural produce advertises council Act, 1963, has given numerous
wellsprings of salary to them. These sources are to be misused by the boards of
trustees for creating a sound air for purchasers and merchants in the predetermined
territory. Accordingly, advertise boards of trustees makes distinctive offices separated
from actualizing the arrangements of the Act, Market Committees can accomplish
their goals with the assistance of the money related inflow of money from such
sources made accessible by the demonstration.
Need and Importance of the Study:
The present examination is most critical, on the grounds that it will toss light on
numerous vital money related perspectives like monetary hierarchical structure of
Agricultural produce advertise boards and their budgetary organization. The
investigation will be accommodating for dissecting the wellsprings of salary, their
hugeness and patterns, to know the example of consumption, their importance and
patterns in connection to the all-out pay and all out use separately.' It will likewise
concentrate on monetary position of rural produce showcase boards as far as liquidity,
plausibility and dissolvability.
The result of the examination will be increasingly valuable for enhancing the general
execution of farming produce showcase boards of trustees and their money related
wellbeing in the area, state and nation.
Subsequent to considering the significance of monetary position of Agricultural
produce advertise boards of trustees, the analyst has pick this theme for research think
about with extraordinary reference to four talukas as unmistakable rural showcasing
5|Page
regions in Pune locale. These talukas are Junnar, Ambegaon, Khed and Shirur. Under
this examination, an endeavors are made to assess the money related productivity of
each chosen Agricultural produce advertise panels and attempted to recommend
suitable methods and measures in its budgetary enhancement for successful working.
The investigation additionally breaks down whether the market boards of trustees
have been effectively securing enough monetary quality for its transfer or not. So, the
examination will positively have turned out to be a mesh commitment to the zone of
money related Administration of Agricultural produce advertise advisory groups in
connection to agrarian showcasing especially in provincial condition.
The rural circumstance in India has experienced a quick change in most recent two
decades. Interest in rural segment, both out in the open and private areas, has risen.
Agrarian generation, by and large has accomplished sensible development rate. In any
case, the development rate has not exclusively to be kept up, yet quickened and
changes in horticultural generation are to be limited. The endeavors are as of now
under approach to develop area explicit innovations, exchange them to rancher’s
fields and guarantee input supply to agriculturists in ideal time, spot and quality. The
rate at which new innovation and yield expanding inputs are embraced by
agriculturists is influenced by the costs of data sources and yield. All the while,
buyers additionally anticipate the accessibility of merchandise at sensible costs. For
accomplishing these clashing targets, showcasing framework for agrarian wares and
data sources needs to assume a critical job. This requires a comprehension of the
promoting framework and market structure for horticultural items and contributions
by every one of the areas of the populace viz., ranchers, dealers, shoppers, expansion
laborers, researchers, sociologists, executives, organizers and government officials.
Agriculture Marketing Definition and Scope:
Promoting is as basic to better execution in agribusiness as cultivating itself. In this
manner, advertise change should be a fundamental piece of any arrangement for rural
advancement. In spite of the fact that an extensive advancement has been
accomplished in mechanical enhancements in horticulture by the utilization of high-
yielding assortment seeds and synthetic manures, and by the reception of plant
insurance measures, the rate of development in cultivating in creating nations has not
achieved the normal dimensions. This has been to a great extent credited to the way
that insufficient consideration has been dedicated to the offices and administrations
which must be accessible to ranchers if farming is to create.
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Agrarian showcasing was, till as of late, not completely acknowledged as a
fundamental component in rural advancement in the nations of Asia and the Far East.
Despite the fact that suppositions vary with regards to the degree and priority, there
was general assertion till 1970 that the subject of business sectors for horticultural
wares had been disregarded Agricultural advertising involves a genuinely low spot in
agrarian improvement approaches of creating nations.' The National Commission on
Agriculture has stressed that it isn't sufficient to deliver a harvest or a creature item; it
must be acceptably promoted.
Agriculture Marketing: An Overview
The term agrarian promoting is made out of two words agribusiness and advertising.
Agribusiness, in the broadest sense, implies exercises went for the utilization of
common asset for human welfare, i.e., it incorporates all the essential exercises of
creation. In any case, by and large, it is utilized to mean developing as well as raising
yields and domesticated animals. Showcasing suggests a progression of exercises
associated with moving the merchandise from the purpose of generation to the point
of utilization. It incorporates every one of the exercises engaged with the formation of
time, spot, structure and ownership of utility.
As indicated by Thomsen, the investigation of horticultural promoting includes every
one of the activities, and the organizations leading them, associated with the
development of ranch created sustenances, crude materials and their subsidiaries, for
example, materials, from the homesteads to the last purchasers, and the impacts of
such tasks on agriculturists, agents and shoppers. This definition does exclude the
information side of farming.
Horticultural advertising is the investigation of the considerable number of exercises,
organizations and arrangements engaged with the acquirement of homestead
contributions by the ranchers and the development of rural items from the homesteads
to the purchasers. The rural promoting framework is a connection between the
homestead and the nonfarm segments. It incorporates the association of horticultural
crude materials supply to handling enterprises, the evaluation of interest for
homestead data sources and crude materials, and the strategy identifying with the
promoting of ranch items and information sources.
As per the National Commission on Agriculture (XII Report), agrarian advertising is a
procedure which begins with a choice to create a saleable ranch item, and it includes
every one of the parts of market structure or framework, both practical and
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institutional, in light of specialized and monetary contemplations, and incorporates
pre-and post-gather activities, collecting, reviewing, capacity, transportation and
circulation.
Extension and Subject Matter of Agricultural Marketing :
Agrarian promoting in a more extensive sense is worried about the advertising of
ranch items created by agriculturists and of homestead inputs required by them in the
generation of these homestead items. In this way, the subject of horticultural
showcasing incorporates item advertising just as information promoting.
The subject of yield advertising is as old as human progress itself. The significance of
yield promoting has turned out to be increasingly obvious in the ongoing past with the
expanded attractive overflow of the harvests following the innovative leap forward.
The agriculturists produce their items for the business sectors. Information
showcasing is a similarly new subject, Farmers in the past utilized such homestead
division contributions as neighborhood seeds and barnyard fertilizer. These data
sources were accessible with them; the buy of contributions for generation of harvests
from the market by the agriculturists was practically immaterial. The significance of
ranch inputs—enhanced seeds, manures, bug sprays and pesticides, ranch apparatus,
executes and credit—in the generation of homestead items has expanded lately. The
new horticultural innovation is input-responsive. In this manner, the extent of rural
showcasing must incorporate both item advertising and information promoting. In this
book, the topic of agrarian advertising has been managed; both from the hypothetical
and viable perspectives. It covers what the framework is, the manner by which it
capacities, and how the given strategies or systems might be changed to get the most
extreme advantages.
In particular, the subject of horticultural advertising incorporates promoting
capacities, offices, channels, productivity and costs, value spread and market
combination, maker's overflow, government arrangement and research, preparing and
insights on rural showcasing.
Horticultural Marketing and Economic Development
Organized and productive advertising of foodgrains assumes an imperative job in
taking care of the issue of yearning. The majority of the individuals who go hungry do
as such in light of the fact that they need to pay higher advertising costs for foodgrain.
This influences the expectation for everyday comforts of the majority and, thusly, the
financial advancement of the nation. In agrarian situated creating nations like India,
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farming promoting assumes a rotate job in encouraging and supporting the beat of
provincial and monetary improvement. Markets trigger the procedure of
advancement.
The advancement of a productive promoting framework is vital in guaranteeing that
rare and basic wares achieve distinctive classes of shoppers. Showcasing isn't just a
financial connection between the makers and the customers; it keeps up a harmony
among interest and supply. The targets of value solidness and evenhanded
dissemination of merchandise and ventures can't be accomplished without the help of
an effective advertising framework.
Significance of Agricultural Marketing:
Horticultural showcasing assumes an essential job in invigorating generation and
utilization, however in quickening the pace of monetary advancement. Its dynamic
capacities are of essential significance in advancing financial improvement.
Therefore, it has been depicted as the most vital multiplier of rural improvement.
India's deep rooted cultivating rehearses have taken a turn as of late. There has been
an innovative leap forward—the advancement of high yielding assortment seeds,
expanding utilization of composts, bug sprays, pesticides, the establishment of
siphoning sets, and tractorization. This innovative achievement has prompted a
generous increment underway on the ranches and to the attractive and advertised
excess. To keep up this rhythm and pace of expanded creation through innovative
advancement, a confirmation of profitable costs to the rancher is an essential, and this
affirmation can be given to the agriculturist by building up a productive showcasing
framework.
The rural showcasing framework assumes a double job in financial advancement in
nations whose assets are basically rural. Expanding requests for cash with which to
buy different merchandise prompts expanding affectability to relative costs with
respect to the makers, and specialization in the development of those harvests on
which the profits are the best, subject to social, environmental and financial
imperatives, it is, the showcasing framework that transmits the significant value
signals. On the other band, and so as to. Continue nonagricultural advancement, assets
must be removed from the rural part—physical assets to ensure supplies of
nourishment and crude materials for the agro-business and monetary assets for
interest in nonfarm economy just as for reinvestment in farming.

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Based on IADP experience, Kiehll has demonstrated that the "showcasing issue"
starts to develop during the time spent moving from customary to present day farming
in view of creation surpluses produced by the move. To be sure, the term present day
agribusiness infers a market-situated farming. The extension for moving towards
present day farming must incorporate market measurements, if the energy of creation
change is to be supported.
The significance of horticultural showcasing in financial advancement has been
shown in the sections that pursue.
Improvement of Resource Use and Output Management :
Rural showcasing prompts the streamlining of asset use and yield the board. An
effective showcasing framework can add to an expansion in the attractive surplus by
downsizing the misfortunes emerging out of wasteful preparing, stockpiling and
transportation. An all-around structured arrangement of promoting can successfully
disperse the accessible supply of modem inputs, and in this way continue a quicker
rate of development in the agrarian division.
Increment in Farm Income:
A proficient advertising framework guarantees more elevated amounts of pay for the
ranchers by lessening the quantity of brokers or by confining the commission on
showcasing administrations and the acts of neglect embraced by them in the
promoting of homestead items. An effective framework ensures the agriculturists
better costs for homestead items and instigates them to put their surpluses in the buy
of present day inputs with the goal that efficiency and creation may increment. This
again results in an expansion in the advertised surplus and salary of the agriculturists.
In the event that the maker does not have an effectively available market-outlet where
he can move his surplus produce, he has minimal impetus to create more. The
requirement for giving satisfactory motivators to expanded generation is along these
lines vital, and this can be made conceivable just by streamlining the promoting
framework.
Broadening of Markets:
A well-sew showcasing framework enlarges the market for the items by taking them
to remote corners of the nation i.e., to territories far from the creation focuses. The
augmenting of the market helps in expanding the interest on a persistent premise, and
in this manner ensures a higher salary to the maker.

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Development of Agro-Based Industries:
An enhanced and productive arrangement of rural advertising helps in the
development of agro-based businesses and animates the general advancement
procedure of the economy. Numerous ventures rely upon horticulture for the supply
of crude materials.
Value Signals:
An effective advertising framework helps the agriculturists in arranging their creation
as per the necessities of the economy. This work is brought out through value signals.
Appropriation and Spread of New Technology:
The advertising framework helps the ranchers in the reception of new logical and
specialized information.
Work:
The showcasing framework gives work to a great many people occupied with
different exercises, for example, bundling, transportation and preparing. People like
commission specialists, representatives, brokers, retailers, gauge men, hammy and
controlling staff are utilized in the promoting framework.
Expansion to National Income:
Promoting exercises add to the country's gross national item and net national item.
Better Living:
The showcasing framework is basic for the accomplishment of the advancement
programs which are intended to elevate the populace overall. Any arrangement of
financial advancement that goes for lessening the destitution of the rural populace,
decreasing buyer nourishment costs, acquiring progressively remote trade or taking
out monetary waste has, in this way, to give careful consideration to the improvement
of a proficient showcasing for sustenance and farming items.
Making of Utility:
Advertising is gainful, and is as important as the homestead generation. It is, truth be
told, a piece of generation itself, for creation is finished just when the item achieves a
spot in the structure and at the time required by the customers. Promoting adds cost to
the item; yet, in the meantime, it adds utilities to the item. The accompanying four
kinds of utilities of the item are made by promoting:
a) Form Utility: The handling capacity adds structure utility to the item by
changing the crude material into a completed structure. With this change, the
item turns out to be more helpful than it is in the structure in which it is
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 created by the agriculturist. For instance, through preparing, oilseeds are
changed over into oil, sugar stick into sugar, cotton into fabric and wheat into
flour and bread. The handled structures are more helpful than the first crude
materials.
b) Place Utility: The transportation work adds place utility to items by moving
them to a position of need from the spot of bounty. Items order more
expensive rates at the spot of need than at the spot of creation in light of the
expanded utility of the item.
c) Time Utility: The capacity work adds time utility to the items by making
them accessible when they are required.
d) Possession Utility: The promoting capacity of purchasing and moving aides in
the exchange of proprietorship starting with one individual then onto the next.
Items are exchanged through advertising to people having a higher utility from
people having a low utility.
The sustenance grain advertising framework is more vital in India than the promoting
of other farming products on account of the accompanying reasons:
 Food grain showcasing gives pay to most Indian agriculturists with the goal
that they may purchase the required contributions for the homestead just as
buy things of residential need;
 The nourishment grain showcasing business gives vocation to lakhs of
merchants, processors, commission operators and different people occupied
with the food grain exchange; and
 The nourishment grain showcasing framework gives sustenance to buyers.
Classification of Markets
Markets have been arranged, based on various methodologies, in different ways. They
are given beneath:
Market Classification
A. On the Basis of Geographical Area
1. Family Market: When trades are kept to a family or close individuals from
the family, such a market can be called as family advertise.
2. Local Market: When individuals—purchasers and dealers have a place with
an all-out zone or regions, state a town or town, partake in market, it is called
nearby market. The requests are constrained. For instance, short-lived products
like natural products, fish, vegetables and so forth. Be that as it may, entirely
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 such markets are vanishing a direct result of the productive arrangement of
transportations and interchanges. Indeed, at that point, in numerous towns
such markets exist even today.
3. National Market: For a specific sort of items, a nation might be viewed as a
market, through the quick improvement of industrialization; it is known as a
national market. At the present stage, in India, the merchandise of one comer
can achieve another corner, in light of the proficient frameworks of
correspondences and transportation offices. In the present decade practically
every one of the items have national markets as the business sectors have
extended as it were.
4. World Market: World or worldwide market comes up when purchasers and.
venders of merchandise develop on world dimension i.e., association of
purchasers and merchants past the limits of a country.
B. On the Basis of Commodities/Goods:
Product Market: Produced merchandise or utilization merchandise are purchased
and sold. Product markets are subdivided into:
1. Produce Exchange Market: This sort of business sectors is discovered just in
created mechanical focuses or urban areas. One market bargains in a single
product as it were. By and large venders and purchasers of a specific item, set
up such markets and run them directed and constrained by specific guidelines,
e.g., Wheat Exchange Market of Hapur, the Cotton Exchange Market of
Bombay and so forth.
2. Manufactured Goods Market: Such sort of business sectors manages made
merchandise, e.g., Leather products, apparatus and so forth. The Leather
Exchange Market at Kanpur, Piece Goods Exchange of Bombay is instances
of such markets.
3. Bullion Market: This sort of market manages the buy or clearance of gold,
silver and so forth. Bullion markets of Bombay, Calcutta, Kanpur and so on.,
are instances of such markets.
Capital Markets
New or going concerns need fund at each stage. In that capacity money related
requirements of concerns are met by capital markets. They are of three kinds:
1. Money Market : It is a kind of market where cash is acquired or loaned. This
kind of market aides or aides the general population to put their surplus store
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 in modern concerns; and encourages individuals to take credits through banks.
London is the world's greatest currency advertise.
2. Foreign Exchange Market: It is a universal market. This sort of business
sectors helps exporters and merchants, in changing over their monetary
standards into outside monetary forms and the other way around.
3. The Stock Exchange Market: This is where shares, debentures, securities
and so on., of organizations are managed bought or sold. It is otherwise called
Security Market. Stock Exchanges of Calcutta. Madras and so forth., are
precedents for this kind of market.
C. On the Basis of Economics
1. Impeccable Market: A market is said to be an ideal market, on the off chance
that it fulfills the accompanying conditions:
i. Large number of purchasers and dealers are there.
ii. Prices ought to be uniform all through the market.
iii. Buyers and merchants have an ideal learning of market.
iv. Goods can be moved starting with one spot then onto the next without
limitations.
It ought to be recalled that such sorts of business sectors are once in a
while found.
2. Blemished Market: A market is said to be defective when: -
i. Products are comparative yet not indistinguishable.
ii. Prices are not uniform.
iii. There is absence of interchanges.
iv. There are confinements on the development of merchandise.
D. On the Basis of Transaction
1. Spot Market: In such a market products are traded and the physical
conveyance of merchandise happens quickly.
2. Future Market: In such a market contracts are made over the cost for future
conveyance. The managing and settlement happen on various dates.
E. On the Basis of Regulation
1. Regulated Market: These are kinds of business sectors which are sorted out,
controlled and managed by statutory measures. Precedent: Stock Exchanges of
Bombay, Madras, Calcutta and so on.

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 2. Unregulated Market: This is a free market. There is no control concerning
value, quality, commission and so on. Request and supply decide the cost of
products.
F. On the Basis of Time
1. Very Short Period Market: Markets which bargain in transient products like,
organic products, milk, vegetables and so forth., are for an exceptionally brief
period. There is no adjustment in the supply of merchandise. Cost is resolved
based on interest.
2. Short Period Market: In specific products, supply is acclimated to fulfill the
need. The interest is more noteworthy than supply. Such markets are known as
Short Period Market.
3. Long Period Market: This kind of market bargains in tough products.
G. On the Basis of Volume of Business
1. Wholesale Market: In discount advertise, products are provided in mass
amount to merchants.
2. Retail Market: In retail advertise merchandise are sold in little amounts
straightforwardly to the clients or buyers—purchaser showcase. The purchaser
gets the merchandise for utilization and not revenue driven making.
H. On the Basis of Importance
1. Primary Market: The essential makers of homestead produce move their
yield or items through this kind of business sectors to wholesalers or shoppers.
Such markets can be found into towns and for the most part the items land
from towns.
2. Secondary Market: The items land from different markets. The dealings are
usually between wholesalers or among wholesalers and retailers.
3. Terminal Market: Here a definitive customer gets the merchandise from such
markets. Here the last transfer of merchandise happens.
History and Growth of Agricultural Marketing:
Showcasing had its start in farming. It grew simply after man could deliver more
sustenance than he required for himself, and simply after a method for trading the
results of his work for those of others had been found. This change from creation for
utilization to generation for trade came about gradually. About a century prior,
agriculturists used to devour a large portion of what they created; yet, - presently, a
large portion of what the ranchers produce is traded for alternate things which he
15 | P a g e
requires. To achieve this stage, ranchers progressed toward becoming creation
disapproved. This inclination has expanded their reliance on advertising, which has
brought about the general advancement of the market component.
The early pioneers of our nation did not have any promoting issues. Makers and
purchasers, if not really similar people, lived adjacent to one another. The
accompanying components have prompted the development in promoting.
Regulated Market System
Controlled markets have been set up in India, for making promoting of farming
produce all the more methodical and effectively.
The foremost point in controlling. Farming. Produce advertise Is to evacuate the acts
of neglect and to guarantee a reasonable arrangement to the makers. As per D.
Amarchand and B. Vardharajan, 13 "When the Government approaches and orders
the control for the associations of the market, it Is named as Regulated Market". As
indicated by C. B. Memoria and R. L. Josht Ai: under. a few Acts the entire or part of
the zone advised .is. pronounced as the market zone and Includes the zone from which
work? Produce is attracted to a business focus. Government is enabled to pronounce
any fenced in area, building or territory in any market zone to be a market yard". L. P.
Sing-" characterizes directed market in this way," A market is said to be managed
when the State. Builds up a market under a particular sanctioning and edges
guidelines and directions to lead business in that"
Therefore, In the light of the above definitions and perspectives managed markets are
where agrarian products are exchanged under specific controls surrounded by the
State Government to Minimis the deformities of the rural promoting. The controlled
markets are set up with the sole item to manage the farming wares exchange a
deliberate way. With the goal that the vender just as the purchaser is fulfilled as far as
cash got or paid by them.
Need of the Regulated Market:
The horticultural part in India is a disorderly. There is no rancher's association to deal.
the costs of the rural produce. Further, the different highlights of farming products
add to the prompt closeout of the produce in the market. The poor standard of
essential and optional product markets, drive the makers. Their produce to get hard
money. Chaotic agriculturists are abused by the brokers and specialists through the
misbehaviors., 11. Incorporates short loads, unapproved reasonings, exchange
extreme market charges and so forth. The nonappearance of a hardware to settle the
16 | P a g e
debate between the market functionaries, and formers, encourages the dealers to
misuse ranchers. Every one of these elements, talked about above made it important
to manage the market by the state. In 1928 the Royal Commission on Agriculture saw
that these deformities must be expelled by the foundation of managed markets.
Advantages of Regulated Markets:
Under the market directions, upheld by the State Government, advertise boards of
trustees are set up to take the charge of the rural produce from the time it enters the
manage showcase. For the most part, it guarantees smooth exchanging of the farming
items. This component guarantees reasonable arrangement top. Dealers just as
purchasers. Purchasers independent of the measure of the buys get an opportunity to
contend and get their requirements as indicated by their ability in the arrangement of
closeout. As per the L. P. Sing Is " the focal points or - the purchasers from the
presence of the directed markets are : I) most extreme gathering of produce, at on
spot, ii) particular purchasing and moving iii) end of the agents. The favorable
circumstances for the agriculturists from directed market are: I) greatest cost for the
produce, ii) right gauging iii disposal of a wide range of remittances and mediators'
benefits iv) prompt money installments with no findings".
Highlights of a Regulated Market
A managed market is begun under the law either for a particular item or for a
gathering of wares. Such a market is directed by a market advisory group, which
comprises of delegates of the State Government, the legitimate bodies (with respect to
occasion, the locale board), the merchants, the commission specialists or the subtleties
and the ranchers themselves. The board of trustees is delegated by the administration
for a particular period and is depended with the board of the market.
The market advisory group settles the market charges, for example, the commission to
be charged. It guarantees that no speaks to either the purchaser or the vender. It keeps
unapproved reasonings from the value paid to the rancher and guarantees that right
loads and measures are constantly utilized. The board of trustees hears every one of
the protests and settles them. In instances of question, it organizes mediation. The
board of trustees is in charge of the permitting of representatives and weighmen. It is
vested with forces to rebuff anyone who is discovered blameworthy of exploitative
and fake practices.

17 | P a g e
The arrangement of directed markets has been observed to be exceptionally valuable
in expelling deceitful practices pursued by specialists and commission operators and
in institutionalizing market rehearses. They have helped ranchers to verify reasonable
costs for their produce and to go to the market without dread of being tricked. They
have helped in utilizing standard measures and loads all through the nation.
Consequently, it is the approach of the administration to change over all business
sectors in the nation into the directed sort.
Managed markets go for the improvement of the showcasing structure to:
a. Ensure gainful cost to the maker of rural items,
b. Narrow down the value spread between the maker and the buyer,
c. Reduce nonfunctional edges of the merchants and commission specialists.
To accomplish, the Government went for far reaching and quick development of
managed showcasing framework. Impressive achievement has been accomplished in
States like Punjab and Haryana, where managed markets have been set up in major
delivering zones, with connected up satellite markets in the rustic development. The
managed advertising framework has likewise demonstrated a decent wellspring of
creating pay for the showcasing sheets and for use in country foundation. The
managed market complex additionally incorporates offices for evaluating and at
checking of costs.
The controlled markets are set up particularly in territories where business crops like
cotton, jute, tobacco and essential nontraditional harvests are delivered and sold in
week after week markets and 'caps'. Helpful promoting and circulation and saving
money are likewise connected with the controlled markets.
New Thinking on Regulated Markets:
To secure and advance the premiums of ranchers, the Government of India, just as
State Governments advanced sorted out showcasing of horticultural products through
a system of managed markets. As of late, in any case, there has been another
reasoning with respect to the Central Government. The Government presently feels
that directed markets have had just constrained accomplishment since they have
limited (an) advancement of ranch showcasing, (b) smooth supply of crude materials
to agro-makers, (c) trade of data, and (d) selection of new creative promoting
frameworks and advances.

18 | P a g e
The Central Government might want the cultivating network to profit by new. Market
openings, through incorporating and reinforcing the inside horticultural showcasing
framework. The Central Government planned and circled a model Act in the spot of
the current State APMC Act. The proposed Act would support: (an) improvement of
focused agrarian advertising; (b) deregulate the showcasing framework; and (c)
advance private interest in promoting foundation. A portion of the striking highlights
of the Model Act (2003) are:
i. Permission to agriculturists, neighborhood experts and others to set up new
markets in any region;
ii. No impulse to cultivators to move their produce through existing controlled
markets;
iii. Setting up of procurement focuses, ranchers/purchasers markets for direct
deal;
iv. Promotion of open private organization in the administration and improvement
of horticultural markets;
v. Setting up of exceptional markets for I ishable wares as onions, vegetables, f
blooms; and
vi. Regulation and advancement of contracting-courses of action in the nation.
Need and Importance of the Study:
The present investigation is hugest, in light of the fact that it will toss light on
numerous critical budgetary viewpoints like monetary hierarchical structure of
Agricultural produce advertise boards of trustees and their money related
organization. The examination will supportive for investigating the wellsprings of
salary, their hugeness and patterns, to know the example of use, their criticalness and
patterns in connection to the all-out pay and complete use individually.' It will
likewise concentrate on money related position of rural produce advertise councils as
far as liquidity, attainability and dissolvability.
The result of the investigation will be progressively valuable for enhancing the
general execution of rural produce showcase advisory groups and their money related
wellbeing in the region, state and nation.
In the wake of considering the significance of money related position of Agricultural
produce advertise advisory groups, the scientist has pick this subject for research
think about with uncommon reference to four talukas as unmistakable rural
showcasing regions in Pune region. These talukas are Junnar, Ambegaon, Khed and
19 | P a g e
Shirur. Under this examination, an endeavors will are to assess budgetary
effectiveness of each chosen Agricultural produce advertise advisory group and
propose suitable methods and measures in its monetary enhancement for successful
working. The investigation likewise broke down whether the market advisory groups
have been effectively getting enough money related quality for its transfer or not. To
put it plainly, the examination will surely have turned out to be a mesh commitment to
the region of budgetary Administration of Agricultural produce showcase boards of
trustees in connection to horticultural advertising especially in provincial condition.
Objectives of the Study:
The broad objectives of the present study are as follows:

1. To know the profile of Agricultural produce market committees in Pune district.

2. To outline the financial organization structure of selected Agricultural produce
market committees in Pune district.
3. To analyze the sources of income, their significance and trends in relation to the
total income of selected APMC.
4. To know the pattern, their significance and trends in relation to the total
expenditure.
5. To evaluate the financial position of Agricultural produce market committees in
terms of liquidity, feasibility and —solvency.
6. To reveal the financial problems faced by the Agricultural produce market
committees and to suggest some remedies to overcome them.
Hypothesis Tested:

1) The financial well-being of Agricultural produce market committee is

depending upon the proper mobilization of fund and their appropriate disposal.
2) A sound financial organization structure plays an important role in financial
administration of Agricultural produce market committees.
3) Adequate liquidity, feasibility and solvency are the main indicators of a good
financial health of any organization whether profit making or nonprofit
making.
Scope of the Study:

Market committees are the corporate bodies and are works independently
under their common seal. But they doesn't have share holders, therefore there is no

20 | P a g e
scope for the study of profitability. Hence, the main purpose of the present study is to
make in depth the analysis of financial statements of APMCS i.e. Income and
expenditure accounts, receipts and payments accounts and balance sheets, from the
point of financial administration.

The Pune district covers 13 taluka places with 12 different market committees
out of which four market committees have been selected for the study purpose i.e.
Junnar, Ambegaon, Khed, and Shirur out of 12 APMCs in the Pune district. The
selection of these four APMCs is purposive and convenient for the comparative
analysis in order to draw proper conclusions. In this regard an attention is made on
analytical approach to show the financial performance of these APMCs and to reveal
their financial weaknesses in relation to Agricultural marketing.

The study covers the period of last 10 years from 1999-00 to 2008-09. This
period is specifically a landmark in the rapid development and significant growth
particularly in agricultural marketing in the concerned areas. The period of 10 years
for research study will be quite fertile to draw proper conclusions and suggestions.
Hence, such period is selected for the study purpose.

Nature and size of Respondents

The researcher has selected following number of sample respondents. Such
selection is based on the effectiveness of study convenience of the sample size. Out of
the sample respondent, 10% Board of Directors are chosen. They include chairman
and secretary and that the joint questionnaires are framed for them.
Next sample respondents are 100 % of the Accounts/Finance officers and the
sample respondents are 5% active traders and commission agents.
However only ‘A’ grade category traders whose annual turnover is above Rs. 50,000/-
were selected. For the sample design, simple random sampling is adopted. In the
sample design, data is collected through questionnaires canvassed among 10% BODs)
Board of Directors, 5% (580 farmers) selected active farmer member and 5% (66
traders and commission agents) ‘A’ traders and commission agents.
Research Methodology:

The present study is a descriptive and in depth study of financial analysis of

APMCs in Pune district. This study is an analytical study of the financial performance
of these APMCs. The study covers the financial organizational structure of APMCs

21 | P a g e
and their financial administration and the financial problems faced by the APMCs in
relation to agricultural marketing.

Collection of Data

A) Primary Data :

Primary Data is collected through discussions, personal interviews with well

structured designed questionnaires. The personal interviews was held with Board of
directors and other official staff related to finance function of APMCs. The
questionnaires was framed to obtain the opinion and information about the financial
structure, financial administration, and source of income pattern of expenditure,
financial position and financial problems faced by APMCs in relation to agriculture
marketing.

B) Secondary Data :

Secondary data is collected from the records of APMCs such as annual

reports, government reports, journals, periodicals, newspaper and annual audit reports
of APMCs and related websites.

Apart from the above sources personal contacts and discussions was made
available with the experts who are actively engaged in this field and ex-official
concerned with the administration of Agricultural produce market committees. Such
discussion has enabled the researcher to reconstruct the required data and information
in such a manner to arrive at the authentic and concrete conclusions and
recommendations.

Tools and Techniques Used:

Under this research study, the following statistical data of Agriculture produce
market committee is gathered, scrutinized, tabulated and analyzed by using certain
techniques like percentage, average, variance, correlation, regression, etc. In addition
to graphs, and diagrams is also used for the presentation of data.

Selection of Samples:

The Pune district it covers 13 taluka places with 12 different market

committees. By random sampling method overall four market committees has been

22 | P a g e
selected for study purpose i.e. Junnar, Ambegoan, Khed and Shirur market
committees have been selected for the analysis.

Limitations of the Study:

The limitations of the present study are as follows:

1. The study is geographically limited to Pune district only and related to Junnar,
Ambegaon, Khed and Shirur talukas for financial analysis of agricultural produce
market committees as a special reference.
2. The study is restricted to the span of 10 years only. (1999-2000 to 2008-09).
3. There are 12 agricultural produce market committees in Pune district. But the
study was restricted to four agricultural produce market committees only.
4. The study was related with only financial aspects of agricultural produce market
committees in relation to agricultural produce marketing over the times.
5. Financial weaknesses was analyzed on the basis of statistical analysis of collected
data and discussions that would be done with officials and nonofficials- concerned
with the financial administration of agricultural produce market committees.
Presentation of the Study:

The present study is followed by different chapters as follows.

Chapter - I : Introduction and Research Methodology

Chapter - II : Review of literature

Chapter - III : Profile of Pune District and Agriculture Produce Market

Committees
Chapter - IV : Organization and Management of APMCs

Chapter -V : Analysis of Financial Performance of APMC’s

Chapter – VI : Summary of Findings, Conclusions and Suggestions

23 | P a g e
 References:-
1. Anita Arya (2000) “Agriculture Marketing in Gujarat” Concept
Publishing.ISBN 8170224497
2. Acharya S S (2008) “Agricultural Marketing In India” Oxford & Ibh ISBN:
8120416368

3. A K Singhal (2008) “Agricultural Marketing in India” Anmol

Publications ISBN8170411793
4. Bala Krishna A V (2005) “Agricultural Marketing” ICFAI ISBN84915830
5. Bill Malcolm, Jack Makeham, Vic Wright (1999) “The Farming Game:
Agricultural Management and Marketing” Cambridge University Press
ISBN 052153755X

6. Dr. Mushir Ali (2009) Geography of Agriculture Marketing At Grass

Roots Level Pacific Publication ISBN: 9380147239
7. Premjit Sharma (2005) “Agricultural Marketing Management” Daya
ISBN8189729292

8. Panda S C (2007) “Farm Management and Agricultural Marketing “

Kalyani Press ISBN8127240356
9. P.K.Dhar (2001) “Indian Economy”Its Growing Dimensions” , Kalyani
Publishers 9th Edition New Delhi.
10. Rajnish Chandra Srivastava (2006) Agricultural Markets & Transpo Rawat
Publications.
11. Ruddra Dutt & K.P.M.Sundaram,” (2001) lndian Economy”, Chand &
Company Ltd., 43 edition. ,New Delhi.
12. S.K.Mishra & V.K. Puri, (1999) “Indian Economy” Its Development
Experience” , Himalaya Publishing House 17th Revised & Enlarged
Edition New Delhi.
13. Suresh C. Sinha and Anil K. Dhiman,” (2002) Research Methodology”,
vedams eBooks (P) Ltd , New Delhi.
14. V James Rhodes (2004) The Agricultural Marketing System Holcomb
Hathaway Publishing.
Journal:-

1. Indian journal of Commerce (1999-2009 Issues).

2. Indian journal of Finance (1999-2009 Issues).

24 | P a g e
3. Indian journal of Marketing (1999-2009 Issues).
4. Indian journal of Agriculture Economy (1999-2009 Issues).
5. Economic and Political weekly (1999-2009 Issues)
6. Times of India (1999-2009 Issues)

25 | P a g e
 CHAPTER-II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Introduction
This section manages the general survey of the writing accessible on the specific
theme. Writing is the most imperative piece of any examination. In this subject, the
audit is taken from research articles and books with respect to the exploration point.
This section is isolated into two sections for example Audit of Research Articles,
Review of Books, theory and review of other related distributed or unpublished
writing on this specific subject.
Horticultural advertising involves extraordinary significance to agriculturists,
customers and go between. It gives the channel of correspondence among
agriculturists and the general public. It additionally gives his nonstop data about the
requests of the agrarian produce. Rural advertising when all is said in done
incorporates every one of the exercises from homestead to the kitchen of the
customers. In this manner, the showcasing of horticultural produce has turned into an
essential piece of the modem generation and utilization process. Horticultural
showcasing is a procedure by which the makers and purchasers of rural products are
united to impacts the deal with respect to the makers and make the buy with respect to
buyers.
In farming showcasing Agricultural produce advertise advisory groups are the
primary foundations, which are directing the exchange of rural items in a
predetermined zone. The agrarian produce advertise board of trustees Act, 1963, has
given numerous wellsprings of pay to them. These sources are to be abused by the
boards for crating a solid climate for purchasers and merchants in the predefined
territory. In this way, advertise councils makes distinctive offices separated from
executing the arrangements of the Act, Market Committees can accomplish their
destinations with the assistance of the monetary inflow of money from such sources
made accessible by the demonstration.
Review of Literature:
A Sivarama Prasad an extraordinary academician attempted to characterize in his
book entitled "Farming Marketing in India" Agriculture Is the Predominant Sector In
Indian Economy. Normally The Agricultural Marketing Plays A Crucial Role In Its
Economic Development. As A Sequel to The Technological Revolution, Better
Communications, Modernisation Of Agriculture, Marketing Of Agricultural Produce
26 | P a g e
Has Assumed Added Significance. Expanded Production Resulting In Greater
Marketable Surplus, Shortage of Storage Facilities, Expansion Of Middlemen And
Their Malpractices, The High Degree Of Illiteracy And Ignorance Of The Farmers
And Increased Demand For Agricultural Produce From Urban Population, Together
Have required A Rapid Improvement In The Existing Marketing System. The
Government Has Made a Commendable Attempt In This Direction By Establishing
Regulated Markets Through Legislation. An Attempt Is Made In This Book To
consider The Role And Working Of Selected Regulated Markets In Andhra Pradesh.
This Work Is Based On The Author's Dissertation Submitted For Ph.D In Andhra
University In 1982. Subsequent to Making A Detailed Examination Of The Existing
Marketing System In The Country, The Study Of The Selected Markets Has Been
Attempted. Aside From The Origin And Growth Of The Markets, It Provides In-
Depth Analysis Of The Market Facilities And Amenities, The Market Practices, The
Volume Of Business Transactions, Financial Performance, Operational Efficiency
Etc. A New And Extended Roe Of The Markets Has Also Been Suggested. In The
Light Of This, The Study Is Expected To Provide Greater Insights Into The
Agricultural Marketing System Not Only Of Andhra Pradesh But The Country As A
Whole.
Dr. N.L. Agarwal, Associate Professor And Head, Department Of Agricultural
Economics, Sukhadia University, S.K.N. School Of Agriculture, Jobner; The
Present Volume Contains As In-depth Study Of The Food grains Prices And
Competitive Nature Of Food grains Markets In The State Of Rajasthan Covering A
Period Of 23 Years. The Study Covers Six Important Food grains - Wheat, Barley,
Jowar, Bajra, Maize And Gram, Accounting For 89.83 Per Cent Of Total Food grains
Production And 80.14 Percent Of The Total Food grains Area In The State Of
Rajasthan. The Book Examines Price Structure Of Foodgrains, Seasonal Price
Behavior of And Returns To Storage, Spatial Price Variation Among The Different
Level Markets, Returns To Transportation, Price Parity Concepts, Price Policy Of
Foodgrains, Pricing Efficiency Of The Markets And Competitiveness Of The Primary
And Secondary Wholesale Foodgrain Markets Of The State. The Study Has Also
Examined The Impact On Reduction Is Seasonality Of Prices Among Foodgrains Or
Otherwise Due To The Start Of Various Programs By The Government Such As
Regulation Of Markets, Announcement Of Procurement And Support Prices Etc. The
Study Brings Out That By And Large The Marketing System For Foodgrains In
27 | P a g e
Efficient And Competitive In The State Of Rajasthan Excepting Certain Pockets Of
Imperfections In Certain Market Pairs And In Some Crops. No Substantial Returns
Were Gained By The Traders In Storage Of Foodgrains Crops Viz, Wheat, Bajra And
Jowar From The Production Season Till Different Marketing Seasons Of The Year.
There Is An Increase In Intra-Year Price-Spread Over The Years In Barley, Bajra,
Jowar And Gram Crops Inspite Of All The Efforts Of The Government To Reduce
The Seasonal Variation. The Book Exhaustively Covers Several Other Important
Aspects Of Foodgrain Prices And Marketing System. It Is Likely To Prove Extremely
Useful To Agricultural Planners, Policy Makers, Administrators, Teachers And
Research Scholars Engaged In The Study Of Problems Of Indian Agriculture And
Agricultural Marketing.
Standards of Agricultural Economics: Markets and Prices in Less Developed
Countries book composed by David Colman and Young location the primary
monetary standards required by farming financial specialists engaged with country
advancement. They draw upon the attributes of rural and sustenance frameworks in
less created nations to feature the significance of financial standards. Since
argriculture presents special issues to financial experts, this book furnishes the peruser
with the expository apparatuses that farming business analysts requirement for the
investigation of supply, request, and agrarian markets in creating nations. The book
considers the three fundamental strands in the hypothetical investigation of agrarian
item showcases - generation, utilization, and trade. Likewise, later sections survey the
benefits of option monetary circumstances.
David Colman has added to Principles of Agricultural Economics: Markets and
Prices in Less Developed Countries as a creator. David Colman is Professor of
Agricultural Economics at the University of Manchester. He is President-Elect of the
International Association of Agricultural Economists and a past President of the
Agricultural Economics Society in the UK. He has gone about as master counselor to
the House of Commons Agriculture Committee on two events in connection to the
dairy segment arrangement, and has been a specialist witness and guide in various
court cases identifying with the milk business. David Colman has attempted research
extends and counseling contracts for different global bodies, including OECD, FAO,
WHO.
Premjit Sharma featured in his book entitled "Rural Marketing Management " In
Many Countries, Agriculture Is The Biggest Single Industry. It Employs Over Fify
28 | P a g e
Per Cent Of The Labor Force In Developed Countries With Industry And Commerce
Dependent Upon It As A Source Of Raw Materials And As A Market For
Manufactured Goods. Subsequently, The Development Of Agriculture And The
Marketing Systems Which Impinge Upon It Are At The Heart Of The Economic
Growth Process In Developed Countries. Enhancement Of Marketing Systems For
Both Farm Produce And Inputs In Developing Countries And The Emerging
Economies Necessitates A Strong Private Sector Backed Up By Appropriate Policy
Frame-Works And Effective Government Support Services. In Addition,
Governments Need To Ensure That The Legislative And Regulatory Environment Is
Suitable For Competitive And Efficient Private Sector Marketing. The investigation is
isolated into following part :- Chapter 1: Introduction To Global Marketing; Chapter
2: Planning And Control; Chapter 3: Market Entry Strategies; Chapter 4: Product
Decision; Chapter 5: Pricing Decision; Chapter 6: Promotion Decision; Chapter 7:
Commodity Marketing; Chapter 8: Buyer Behavior; Chapter 9: Market Liberalization;
Chapter 10: Marketing Research.
The Agricultural Marketing System V James Rhodes, Jan Dauve another release
of a mainstream content, refreshed to reflect late changes in the global markets, the
progressions created by the deregulation of transportation in the U.S., and the recently
permitted exchanging of rural choices on the item trades. At the full scale level, this
book gives an exhaustive portrayal of the focused showcasing situations looked by
ranchers, constructing agents, processors, wholesalers, nourishment retailers, and
sustenance administration firms. At the miniaturized scale level, this third version
keeps up the business advertising way to deal with promoting firm issues. Part request
and general topic are as yet like the second release, where sections are composed
under the headings of Marketing, Market Competition and Consumer Markets; The
Marketing System; and Public Policy Issues in Marketing-obtainment.
Indian Agricultural Marketing a decent commitment in the horticultural promoting
by Jagdish Prasad, Arbind Prasad he endeavored to characterize the requirement for
and the significance of an effective system of agrarian showcasing framework as
crucial connection among ranchers and shoppers has just been perceived in the nation.
Numerous states have just set out upon a tremendous program of the advancement of
rural markets. The aftereffects of these endeavors are empowering as confirm from
changing farming showcasing situation to the upside of maker merchants. Despite
these accomplishments, a large number of the issues of advertising of agrarian
29 | P a g e
produce still exist. This calls forward for further streamlining the administrative
measures as it is generally imagined that control of market is an essential for making
an empowering situation for the agriculturists to create for the market. The present
volume is a humble endeavor to expedite sharp center appropriate issues of agrarian
promoting and market improvement. The chose papers are contributed by prominent
researchers, promoting financial analysts and farming researchers. These are all
around looked into, far reaching and open to advancement overseers, promoting staff,
expert perusers and understudies of farming showcasing and provincial improvement.
Dr. Jagdish Prasad (b. 1948) is as of now a senior employee in the Division of
Economics, A.N. Sinha Institute of Social Studies, Patna. Dr. Prasad has been taking a
shot at different subjects veering around farming and financial improvement. A
productive essayist, he has composed the book Marketable Surplus and Market
Performance (1989).
Nagpal C S written in his book entitled Indian Agriculture by The Royal Commission
on farming was named in 1926 to inspect the state of horticulture and country
improvement in India. The significant investigations did by that commission brought
about its admirable suggestions, some of which hold great even today. Amid the last
50 years the nation has seen significant changes in horticultural condition which have
an extensive effect on the financial circumstance in the nation. It is in effect
progressively understood that the issue of farming and country improvement, is the
issue of creating and using HR. The improvement and use of the HR suggests
guaranteeing every one of the general population of the correct sort of nutritious
sustenances fitting wellbeing administrations and offices for obtaining the required
learning and ability. Each person in the nation should be given satisfactory chance to
gain the proper information, ledge and bent to empower him to lead a solid and
deliberate life and furthermore to add to the social and monetary advancement of the
nation. The human asset of our nation is huge numerically. This asset is required to be
created subjectively and used. Advancement, in this way, needs to worry about the
improvement of the entire individual and all people. Human asset advancement is,
along these lines, considered as the way to agribusiness and rustic improvement.
The principle bottlenecks in Indian horticulture are in satisfactory monetary help for
farming and provincial improvement programs and out-moded authoritative systems.
Except if these bottlenecks are cleared no measure of preparing in arranging, the

30 | P a g e
board and organization will understand the enigma of horticultural improvement in
India.
Transforming Agricultural Markets in Africa by Mylene Kherallah is a decent
commitment in horticultural promoting it gives The long haul decrease of craving and
neediness in Sub-Saharan Africa stays one of the incredible difficulties for the
worldwide improvement network. Taking out yearning and advancing across the
board development in the area unavoidably includes agribusiness, given its focal job
in the district's economies. In the course of recent years, most African governments
have done changes to deregulate farming markets and diminish the job of state
ventures. What amount has the state really pulled back from horticultural markets?
Have well-working private markets risen? How effective were these changes in
boosting farming creation, monetary development, and the livelihoods of the rustic
poor? What exercises would we be able to gain from the change procedure?
The writers of this book address these inquiries through an investigation dependent on
a broad audit of encounters with change, concentrating on three noteworthy rural
markets: compost, sustenance harvests, and fare crops. They inspect the chronicled
reasons for mediation, the elements adding to change, the procedure of usage, and the
effect of the changes on ranchers and buyers in Sub-Saharan Africa.
The creators find that changes have had numerous great outcomes, yet that the effect
has been quieted by fractional execution and auxiliary requirements. They propose
another plan for advancing the improvement of horticultural markets in Sub-Saharan
Africa, recognizing territories where governments can assume a steady job. They
contend that fitting agrarian advertising approaches and speculations can enhance
vocations and the monetary wellbeing of the district.
The Agricultural Marketing System By Jan V James Rhodes, The 6th version of The
Agricultural Marketing System will enable you to comprehend the what as well as the
why of farming showcasing, and it will help set you up for accomplishment in
genuine agrarian promoting. This content mirrors the monetary elements, financial
patterns, ranch statistic changes, worldwide aggressiveness, and purchaser
dispositions that shape the present structure and activity of the U.S. farming
promoting framework. It demonstrates to you how choices at one dimension in the
esteem chain sway every single other dimension, and it investigates how and when the
framework changes because of individual choices. As in past versions, the emphasis
stays on showing future supervisors, chiefs, and conclusion pioneers about the
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financial powers of the agrarian evolved way of life. New to this release are a more
noteworthy spotlight on quality-based promoting and contracting and an increasingly
worldwide point of view. Clear clarifications, refreshed shows, genuine models, and
new learning exercises all guide comprehension and help you get ready to end up an
effective market member ready to evaluate the promoting condition and to create and
execute methodologies for accomplishing your showcasing goals.
Ronald A Schrimper a decent academician endeavored to include the procedure of
rural advertising "Financial aspects of Agricultural Markets" "Farming Marketing"
looks at the standards and practices of monetary examination to develop a
comprehension of how horticultural and sustenance markets work. After a
presentation that talks about the absolute most every now and again experienced
financial estimations of market status, an essential system is displayed for the
examination of monetary exercises that interface farming generation with
nourishment utilization. Inclusion at that point investigates both the spatial and
fleeting components of rural markets. For those intrigued by worldwide farming and
nourishment advertising, financial matters, and generation.
New Perspectives in Rural and Agricultural Marketing* by Ramkishen Y This
examination clarifies the hypothesis and routine with regards to country advertising.
The hypothesis manages profiles of provincial customers, systems of rustic
advertising research, item estimating and conveyance in country zones, deals
constrain the executives and advancement. It likewise manages the financial aspects
of farming, particularly agrarian account. Cautiously chosen contextual analyses
represent how this hypothesis functions by and by.
Job of Institutions in Rural Policies and Agricultural Markets is delineated by Van G
Huylenbroeck in his book the agri-nourishment area is consistently gone up against
with significant difficulties. It is an intricate area in the economy due to its imperative
societal ramifications and embeddedness inside a more extensive rustic framework.
Besides, the horticultural area is a multi-specialist part with a perplexing chain of
sources of info, intermediates, yields and markets that are exceptionally managed.
Multi-office and solid government control result in a complex institutional
framework. The point of this book is to bring a chosen best in class of the reasonable
and observational New Institutional Economics-enlivened research by European
farming business analysts. Other than the social condition, the two primary segments
of the institutional condition are approaches and markets. The title of this book
32 | P a g e
endeavors to catch the principle subjects. For an agriculturist, as a financial creating
performing artist and social specialist, his condition contains legislative issues,
markets and rurality, of which the first is trying to get additionally requesting in the
two others. Moreover, the term rustic in the title attempts to catch, both in
arrangements and markets, the standard agrarian exercises just as the new ones which
are progressively situated to the provincial social framework. This book centers
around the three fundamental zones of enthusiasm for establishments: strategy
execution, market and store network association and the executives of provincial
assets and country frameworks. The sections are covering bits of knowledge on the
importance of foundations on exchange costs, strategy investigation, arrangement
change, market and chain elements, input markets, agri-natural strategies, social
capital and base up methodologies.
Rural Markets: Mechanisms, Failures and Regulations D Martimort This examination
goes for covering the assortment of issues lying at the crossing point of the cutting
edge hypothesis of Industrial Organization and of the more conventional Agricultural
Economics. The book is partitioned into three fundamental segments. Every one of
them incorporates commitments which are especially applicable for a superior
comprehension of one or a few of the accompanying key issues: the association of
horticulture and its instruments, the degree of the market control in agri-sustenance
enterprises and, all the more for the most part, the disappointments of farming
markets, lastly the idea of government's intercession in these business sectors. David
Martimort has added to Agricultural Markets: Mechanisms, Failures and Regulations
as a creator. Martimort is Professor of Economics and an examination individual of
the IDEI at the University of Social Sciences in Toulouse. He has been a meeting
educator at Harvard, MIT, Pompeu Fabra in Barcelona, ECARE in Brussels, and is an
individual from the Center for Economic and Policy Research in the United Kingdom.
Reference book Of Agricultural Marketing-Market Infrastructure by Dr. Jagdish
Prasad This is the fifth volume in a noteworthy arrangement of the Encyclopedia of
Agricultural Marketing, first of its sort, with crucial perspectives, for example,
evaluating and institutionalization, stockpiling and warehousing, advertise knowledge
and development framework, transportation and correspondence. The job of market
infrastructural offices in making near market condition can barely be over underlined
in the light of the past execution of different market enactments, principles and
controls that the objective of showcasing proficiency can be accomplished just by
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giving sufficient offices to the agriculturists which is conceivable through expanding
open speculation and giving careful consideration on advancement and appropriate
administration of market infrastructural offices. This volume makes an unobtrusive
endeavor to analyze these essential issues with the assistance of complete and well
research articles composed by surely understood showcasing financial analysts and
agrarian researchers. The understudies of farming promoting and country
advancement researchers, State and Central advertising work force and others inspired
by the zone of horticultural showcasing will discover this volume of gigantic
enthusiasm including different volumes. Dr. Jagdish Prasad (b. 1948) is as of now a
senior employee in Economics Deptt. in A.N. Sinha Institute of Social Studies, Patna.
Since his joining the Institute in 1974. Dr. Prasad has been taking a shot at different
subjects identified with horticulture and financial improvement. In the field of
farming showcasing, he has for quite some time been related with many examination
extends and has drawn out a substantial number of research papers and reports. He is
at present additionally Editor of The Bihar Journal of Agricultural Marketing. A
horticultural business analyst of prominence, Dr. Prasad has composed the book
'Attractive Surplus and Market Performance' (1989). He has co-altered three books
viz. New Economic Policy: Reforms and Development (1993), Development
Planning for Agriculture (1994), and Indian Agricultural Marketing: Emerging Trends
and Perspectives (1995). He has surprisingly various/look into articles and papers
distributed in diaries of notoriety and over twelve research reports.
The Crisis of Food Brands (Food and Agricultural Marketing) by Adam Lindgreen
Food and agribusiness is one of the quickest changing worldwide markets; change
that is driven by innovation, improvements in assembling and supply, and a
developing shopper commitment. The achievement of the agri-sustenance industry
and a considerable lot of our family image names will rely upon the amount you
comprehend about these progressions and the degree to which you can convey secure
and focused items even with developing assumptions regarding nourishment
wellbeing and quality, just as changing frames of mind about nature, human eating
regimen and sustenance, and creature welfare. "The Crisis of Food Brands" offers
points of view on many key parts of these progressions including the job of business,
approach creators, and the media in speaking with and connecting with partners
about: pertinent and dynamic models of hazard and emergency the executives; the
estimation of imaginative and, now and again dubious, nourishment frameworks; their
34 | P a g e
purchasing conduct and dispositions to developments, for example, natural and
reasonable exchange; and, how and where we source and purchase our sustenance
now (and later on). The nature of the first research that supports this book and the
creative ability and reasonableness with which the writers address its applications for
the business is top notch. Anybody with obligation regarding promoting sustenance,
conveying about the nourishment business, or drawing in with buyers will discover
this a critical wellspring of thoughts and motivation.
Job of Institutions in Rural Policies and Agricultural Markets by Van G Huylenbroeck
The agri-nourishment part is constantly stood up to with significant difficulties. It is a
mind boggling segment in the economy in light of its imperative societal ramifications
and embeddedness inside a more extensive country framework. Besides, the agrarian
segment is a multi-operator area with a mind boggling chain of data sources,
intermediates, yields and markets that are very managed. Multi-office and solid
government control result in a complex institutional framework. The point of this
examination is to bring a chosen best in class of the theoretical and observational New
Institutional Economics-roused research by European agrarian financial analysts.
Other than the social condition, the two fundamental segments of the institutional
condition are arrangements and markets. The title of this book attempts to catch the
fundamental subjects. For an agriculturist, as a financial creating performer and social
operator, his condition contains legislative issues, markets and rurality, of which the
first is trying to get all the more requesting in the two others. Besides, the term
country in the title attempts to catch, both in strategies and markets, the standard
agrarian exercises just as the new ones which are progressively situated to the rustic
social framework. This book centers around the three principle territories of
enthusiasm for foundations: arrangement usage, market and store network association
and the board of provincial assets and rustic frameworks. The parts are covering bits
of knowledge on the essentialness of establishments on exchange costs, arrangement
investigation, strategy change, market and chain elements, input markets, agri-natural
strategies, social capital and base up methodologies.
Rural Marketing and Consumer Behavior in a Changing World by Berend Wierenga
As in numerous different parts, in agribusiness significant changes are occurring. On
the interest side, buyers are evolving ways of life, eating and shopping propensities,
and progressively are requesting more convenience of these necessities in the grocery
store. As to the supply: the conventional circulation channel dominators - makers of
35 | P a g e
marked shopper items - are making a decent attempt to protect their situations against
retailers, who accumulate and use data about the purchaser to streamline their
endeavors and fortify their ties with the customer. The farming makers, in the mean
time, face expanded directions with respect to nourishment added substances,
pesticides, and herbicides. Weights ascend as their business turns out to be more
particular and capital-concentrated than that of their antecedents. At last, the bigger
political atmosphere isn't so positive to agribusiness, which presently needs to
contend in the worldwide market without noteworthy government support. This title
depicts and translates changes in the space of horticulture and nourishment. The
patrons build up the subject of adopting an interdisciplinary strategy to adapting to
these changes, utilizing ideas and strategies created all in all advertising, which are
adjusted in order to apply to the specific qualities of the nourishment and agribusiness
division. This book is distributed to respect the recognized vocation of Professor
Mathew T.G. Meulenberg from Wageningen Agricultural University, on the event of
his retirement in September 1996. As a researcher, educator, and counsel to the
agribusiness and the administration, Professor Meulenberg has made a vital
commitment to the improvement of showcasing, inside and outside the space of
farming.
Farming Marketing Enterprises for the Developing World: With Case Studies of
Indigenous Private, Transnational Co-Operative and Parastatal Enterp by John Cave
Abbott This Study exhibits a determination of promoting endeavors which prevailing
under the conditions winning in creating nations. John C Abbott has added to
Agricultural Marketing Enterprises for the Developing World: With Case Studies of
Indigenous Private, Transnational Co-Operative and Parastatal Enterp as a creator.
John C. Abbott is Lecturer in the Section of Integrative Biology, Curator of the
Brackenridge Field Laboratory Insect Collection, and Research Associate of the
Texas Memorial Museum at the University of Texas, Austin.
Attractive And Marketed Surplus In Agriculture by M Upender The present book
contains a systematic investigation of attractive and advertised overflow of paddy in
Warangal locale of Telangana Region in Andhra Pradesh. The focal point of the
examination is on the reaction of promoted overflow of paddy to yield of different
size-bunches based on cross-sectional homestead information gathered from the
haphazardly chosen test of 320 ranchers on one hand, and the reaction of advertised
excess of paddy to value developments based on auxiliary time arrangement
36 | P a g e
information gathered from chosen markets (for which information were accessible
routinely and reliably for longer period) in Warangal region on the other. The testing
plan of the investigation was a three phase stratified irregular examining strategy with
income mandal as the principal arrange inspecting unit, town as the second stage unit
and ranchers as the third unit of examination. The cross-sectional information
gathered for the investigation identifies with a solitary agrarian year 1985-86. The
little cultivators were found to have the greatest authoritative commitments rather
than other size gatherings of cultivators. The conduct of promoted surplus as an extent
of generation continues expanding as holding size increments. In every size gathering
considers, there exists a solid straight connection between the promoted surplus and
yield. Since the flexibility of advertised surplus concerning yield surpasses solidarity,
any expansion in yield is probably going to be trailed by a more than proportionate
increment in promoted excess. The value versatility of market landings of Paddy were
certain and more noteworthy than solidarity in Kesamudrem and Narsampet markets
showing that value reaction is higher. The book likewise looks at a few other critical
angles. It very well may be incredibly valuable to horticultural organizers,
arrangement creators, instructors and specialists occupied with the investigation of
issues of attractive excess of farming items. Dr. M. Upender (b. 1958) got his M.A.
(Financial aspects) in first division with first position from Kakatiya University in
1983 for which he was granted Gold Medal. He secure top of the line in M.Phil. from
a similar University in 1985. He got his Ph.D. in 1989 from Kakatiya University. Dr.
Upender has distributed in excess of fifteen research papers/articles in different
diaries. He likewise finished one UGC Minor Research Project. He was granted first
prize in the personnel of Social Sciences at the State level for the year 1987 by Telugu
Academy for his commitments in that year to 'Telugu' Journals. At present Dr.
Upender is employee in the Department of Economics, Kakatiya University,
Warangal.
Showcasing of Agricultural Products by Richard L Kohls The tenth release of
"Advertising of Agricultural Products" contains totally refreshed substance, tables,
figures, and references including the 1997 Census of Agriculture and Business, just as
Trade information, and U.S. Branch of Agriculture thinks about. It mixes advertising
and financial hypothesis with true diagnostic instruments to help perusers in better
understanding the sustenance framework and settling on gainful promoting choices.
This release incorporates expanded treatment of nourishment esteem including and
37 | P a g e
showcasing the executives, including publicizing, new item improvement, deals
advancement, estimating, and coordinations. For ranchers, customers, or those in
sustenance showcasing.
Advertising in an Agricultural Region by Ajit Kumar Jain The present examination,
while concentrating on the occasional markets in an agrarian district, endeavors to
dissect the manner in which these market focuses have composed the domain,
individuals and capacities in the locale as an areal useful association and its working
regarding Geographical components. In the more straightforward economies of such
districts, occasional markets are most sound endeavor of society to defeat the
requirement for adequately close dispersing of market focuses. They work not just as
gathering spots of purchasers and dealers yet in addition as the purposes of social
change, modernisation and dissemination of advancements. In this manner, the
present work tries to discover how the spatial arrangement of market focuses is
composed and organized as vested progressive framework, and how territorial
improvement ought to be organized in consonance with their local chain of
importance, so the utilitarian attachment and productivity of the provincial framework
is safeguarded and enlarged.
Farming Prices and Marketing In India by N L Agarwal The Present investigation
Contains As Indepth Study Of The Foodgrains Prices And Competitive Nature Of
Foodgrains Markets In The State Of Rajasthan Covering A Period Of 23 Years. The
Study Covers Six Important Foodgrains - Wheat, Barley, Jowar, Bajra, Maize And
Gram, Accounting For 89.83 Per Cent Of Total Foodgrains Production And 80.14
Percent Of The Total Foodgrains Area In The State Of Rajasthan. The Book
Examines Price Structure Of Foodgrains, Seasonal Price Behaviouf And Returns To
Storage, Spatial Price Variation Among The Different Level Markets, Returns To
Transportation, Price Parity Concepts, Price Policy Of Foodgrains, Pricing Efficiency
Of The Markets And Competitiveness Of The Primary And Secondary Wholesale
Foodgrain Markets Of The State. The Study Has Also Examined The Impact On
Reduction Is Seasonality Of Prices Among Foodgrains Or Otherwise Due To The
Start Of Various Programs By The Government Such As Regulation Of Markets,
Announcement Of Procurement And Support Prices Etc. The Study Brings Out That
By And Large The Marketing System For Foodgrains In Efficient And Competitive In
The State Of Rajasthan Excepting Certain Pockets Of Imperfections In Certain
Market Pairs And In Some Crops. No Substantial Returns Were Gained By The
38 | P a g e
Traders In Storage Of Foodgrains Crops Viz, Wheat, Bajra And Jowar From The
Production Season Till Different Marketing Seasons Of The Year. There Is An
Increase In Intra-Year Price-Spread Over The Years In Barley, Bajra, Jowar And
Gram Crops Inspite Of All The Efforts Of The Government To Reduce The Seasonal
Variation. The Book Exhaustively Covers Several Other Important Aspects Of
Foodgrain Prices And Marketing System. It Is Likely To Prove Extremely Useful To
Agricultural Planners, Policy Makers, Administrators, Teachers And Research
Scholars Engaged In The Study Of Problems Of Indian Agriculture And Agricultural
Marketing.
Agribusiness and the State: Market Processes and Bureaucracy Jr E C Pasour This
examination investigates the impacts of homestead arrangements and shows how they
are in charge of the high and increasing expense of nourishment and the ruin of the
little agriculturist. Bruce L Gardner has added to Agriculture and the State: Market
Processes and Bureaucracy . E. C. Pasour, Jr.,is an educator of business and financial
aspects at North Carolina State University and the creator of Agriculture and the
State. He lives in Raleigh, North Carolina. Randall R. Rucker is an educator of
farming financial matters at Montana State University. He lives in Bozeman,
Montana.Bruce L. Gardner is the previous partner secretary for financial aspects in
the U.S. Bureau of Agriculture and the senior member of the school of horticulture at
the University of Maryland. He lives in College Park, Maryland.
Advertising Of Agricultural Products, ninth Ed. Book Description by Kohls Richard L
This investigation, presently in its ninth version, gives a clear, far reaching, and
adjusted treatment of nourishment promoting frameworks. Adapted towards perusers
with next to zero involvement in advertising or financial aspects, the content strikes a
decent treatment between the actualities, standards, and qualities engaged with
nourishment promoting. It helps understudies in understanding the structure and
functions of the nourishment advertising framework, how this framework influences
ranchers, customers, and go betweens, and how this dynamic market framework has
reacted to mechanical, social, monetary, and political powers after some time. While
the focal point of the book stays on the financial matters of the sustenance framework,
there are liberal references to the social, political, and authentic parts of nourishment
showcasing too. The examination likewise mixes the engaging, systematic, and
regularizing ways to deal with understanding the nourishment showcasing
frameworks. It empowers understudies to assess the execution of these frameworks,
39 | P a g e
just as increase a thankfulness for showcasing and its commitment to financial
advancement.
Advertising of Sugar and different Sweeteners (Developments in Agricultural
Economics) By L C Polopolus gives the insights concerning the Marketing Sugar and
Other Sweeteners was composed to fill an extensive bereft of writing on the
showcasing parts of an essential segment of the nourishment advertise. Truth be told,
there are no books accessible regarding this matter. The expectation of this book is to
give an intelligible, non-specialized production which gives an exhaustive
introduction of serious issues, patterns, information, and likely results of sugar
showcasing. The accentuation endless supply of this present reality activity of sugar
and other sugar advertises instead of a hypothetical model of sugar markets. This
target requires testing into private market foundations, for example, sugar business,
just as openly initiated sugar arrangements of the American administrative
government. All of the members in sugar creation, advertising, and approach will
discover this book helpful.
Mrs Indra Kala Bhandari, Ph.D. from Rajasthan University and Presently Head
Department of Economic Administration and Financial Management at J.D.B school
Kota, is an accomplished educator with research foundation .She has distinct
fascination in concentrate the consuming experimental methodology.
"Open Distribution System" a book distributed by RBSA Publishers, India is a very
much prepared gathering of contextual analyses on various way to deal with open
Distribution framework.
This book completely investigations the PDS in India taking a minuscule view.
Different applied and operational parts of PDS with respect to its execution and
observing is additionally examined and basically dissected in the book.
The book, likewise feature the job of focal and state government in regulating the
PDS framework.
The book likewise endeavors to examine how through. The System of Public
Distribution it is endeavored to help poor and powerless segments society from
spirallying swelling,
Prof S. K Misra of Hindu College, college of Delhi and Mr.V.K.Puri Shyam Lal
school , college of Delhi are normal journalists and have number of Publications
amazingly. The present work "Indian Economy-Its Development Experience "is an

40 | P a g e
endeavor to examine the troublesome time from which India is passing particularly
after the In choice of new monetary approach.
The present Book includes the formative issues confronting the Indian Economy. It is
partitioned into 46 sections managing for all intents and purposes with all issues
standing up to the Indian Economy.
From the utility perspective the book is helpful as it contains in the casing work parts
in a populace issue" an exact review on the "system of improvement" capital,
Technology and Institutions. It additionally raises number of issues that are for the
most part overlooked in the customary Textbooks on Indian Economy.
The present work incorporates data's world to PDS basically in the most recent decade
from 1989 to 1999.The new speech openly circulation framework in the changed
monetary situation and the aim of the administration to satisfy the objectives in time
as respects to creation and appropriation Through PDS.
The Book likewise incorporating the sections in the Financing of the plans and
speculation design, Food security, Industrial Development amid arranging period
,Indian's Foreign Trade: esteem creation and heading, India's Balance of Payment
Problem, Trade strategy of the administration of India.
A.N. Agarwal instructed at Allahabad, has been showing calling for more than four
decades. He is the notable writer of a few Books which have been generally
welcomed both inside the nation and abroad.
The London Economist bountifully commended his Indian Agricultural and its
concern, while Problems of agreeable cultivating in India Co-Authored with Prof
A.M. Khusroo won the legislature of India Award.
The present book" Indian Economy Problems of Development and Planning" has
been distributed. It is Divided into 58 parts to furnish the peruser with the scientific
devices for understanding the Indian Economy. The initial two sections clarify the
financial of Development and after that few parts give an outline of present economy,
normal assets, HR, physical capital foundation portray the beneficial limit of the
nation.
Sectoral Problems bearing on horticulture Industry administrations and a few parts are
dedicated to current issues like value rise, deficiencies in government spending plans,
shortfalls in parity of installments, a few parts of arranging, targets, brought together
and decentralized arranging.

41 | P a g e
Sustenance Problem and Public Distribution System is additionally incorporated into
the part plot. Nature of issue quantitative insufficiency, Qualitative inadequacy, issues
identifying with obtaining intensity of poor, request factor and supply factor,
destitution as an issue. Government's nourishment approach basic development,
Public Distribution System-its centrality, present position, the real weakness and the
approaches to beat it are explicitly incorporated into the book.
This book is fundamentally valuable to understudies getting ready for the college
classes and competitors of different expert and focused examinations. ISBN-81-732-
0860.
Ruddar Dutt, Former Principal school of correspondence courses and proceeding with
training, college of Delhi, Delhi.
K.P.M. Sundharam , Former senior speaker in financial matters division of Economic
,S.R. School of Commerce, Delhi.
Both productive essayists have a few distributions to their credit.Indian Economy is
one of such production of Ruddar Dutt/Sundaram which gives a diagram of the parts
of Indian Economy thus introducing another way to deal with the investigation of
Indian Economy .The book is partitioned into six sections.
Horticulture in national Economy, the foremost themes examined are profitability
patterns use and yield design, agrarian data sources, the strategies and job of land
changes in raising farming efficiency and giving social Justice. PDS diagram and the
plans running under the multiyear designs are talked about in this part.
Section four and five unfurls a mechanical example that was acquired and the
arrangement carrying on industrialization is talked about. The issues identifying with
expansive scale endeavors and little scale enterprises their account and the executives,
issue identifying with Indian work, joblessness, circulation of Indian work and the
degree of Maladjustments in its interest and supply in various divisions is portrayed in
subtleties.
The Tertiary division of India economy manages the issue of transport and
interchanges, the outside exchange of India, its equalization of installment position,
job of business Banks, impact of RBI in building up a composed currency advertise in
India is accessible for reference in the last piece of the book. ISBN-81-556-0345-6
Dr. P. K. Dhar, in his book Indian Economy widely covering monetary advancement
and National Agriculture Policy Document National Policy of Procurement of
sustenance. Open circulation framework and approaches in the light of enumeration
42 | P a g e
report are examined in nitty gritty in this book turns out to be some assistance for
instructors, understudies and obviously scientists doing research on the parts of Indian
Economy.
Monetary study Published by Government of India consistently ,By Economic
Division of Ministry of Finance legislature of India exhibits an image Review of
advancements in the previous one year and its near execution for as long as decade or
thereabouts.
Energetic development with solid macroeconomic basics has described improvement
in the Indian economy since the start of multi year designs in India. On the off chance
that the consequences of the by and large macroeconomic essentials are assessed they
appear to be reburst, especially with unmistakable advancement towards monetary
contemplations and a solid parity of installments position. The upsurge in speculation
the standpoint is particularly perky.
The monetary review displays a general picture of execution of economy in key areas
with a relative investigation of the past. Directly from open fund for example focal
government accounts amid the particular multi year designs, Budgetary
advancements, Tax Measures funds of state governments, Economic overview
incorporates cash and saving money improvements which thusly incorporates fiscal
and credit strategy, bank credit, non managing an account monetary organizations and
so forth. The situation as respects to capital essential, optional and ware advertise;
Costs and sustenance the board in certainty are the imperative parts of the production
mirroring the most recent advancement relating expansion customer value record,
entire deal value file, nourishment the executives, obtainment of nourishment grains
for supply in open market and through PDS. The cushion stock to be kept up and its
most recent position, distinctive plans of obtainment lastly the nourishment
appropriation given by the administration as a facilitator state is reflected in the
monetary review.
Horticulture is the backbone of Indian economy thus it needs unique spot here
Agricultural, industry, Infrastructure, Social segment and are very much announced in
detail. Development in Agriculture , ongoing activities Agricultural sources of info,
horticultural credits ,Agricultural Marketing, Highlights of a few businesses Micro
and little endeavors remote direct speculation ,ecological issues, Progress in media
transmission common Aviation and an exceptional audit of all the infrastructural
actualized of focal segment ventures are secured destitution easing and work age
43 | P a g e
programs the report identifying with improvement of Backward classes and the more
fragile segments of the general public is likewise revealed exhaustively in monetary
overview report distributed by Ministry of account.
Pancras has endeavored an investigation on assets the executives in agreeable banks.
The fundamental object of his examination was to look at the changed wellsprings of
assets and convey them in the helpful division of locale focal agreeable banks in
India. He has reasoned that a scientific way to deal with the issue of assets the
executives in the agreeable banks, utilize the equivalent, both as an instrument for
everyday administration and an examination for control reason would tremendously
enhance the use of the assets accessible in the helpful division. As per him, to the
extent finances the executives is concerned, the focal helpful banks are administered
by segments 18 and 24 of the Banking Regulations Act. They are will undoubtedly
keep 3 percent and 25 percent in real money and fluid resources individually of both
time and request stores. Complete finances the board having the accompanying
fundamental advances. Money should cover least of 3 percent statutory farthest point
sizeable bit of day by day expected withdrawells of stores gathering from advances,
everyday running use reimbursement of borrowings and pad for crisis. Fluid resources
should cover the statutory furthest reaches of 25 percent and crisis pad for variances
in the stores. The main part of the stores, acquired assets and value, should be utilized
to the greatest advantage of the bank, yet at long last utilization of indistinguishable
both from a device for everyday administration and as an investigation for control
purposes would massively enhance the use of the assets accessible in the helpful
division.
Kutumba has distributed an article on the executives of focal helpful banks-a
contextual analysis of Krishna region of Andhra Pradesh for a long time period from
1971-72 to 1978-79. Be that as it may, the activities relating to crediting and
recuperation are examined for a long time period (1974-75 to 1976-77) as it were. He
considered the two national banks working in the Andhra Pradesh State. The
fundamental destinations of his investigation were to break down the authoritative
structure of the chose national banks, to analyze the execution of the administrations
of focal agreeable banks, to consider the idea of utilitarian linkage between national
banks and essential social orders and to survey the adequacy of the chose board. With
respect to authoritative structures, he found that the job of the board in arrangement
making is typical. The Reserve Bank of India and the enlistment center endorse the
44 | P a g e
majority of the arrangements. Practically speaking, this job isn't appropriately
considered and successfully played. As to of this bank he inferred that the
development of stores is great yet not similar with that of the loaning. He additionally
presumed that the budgetary arranging and control systems of the banks are
exceptionally basic for the exceedingly controlled nature of the banks and absence of
independence for the branches in monetary issues. Usually called attention to that the
law based set up of an agreeable banks influences the proficiency, because of delicate
accelerating of the thorough strategies and systems by and the unjustifiable
impedance of the administration. To entirety up, just set up of an agreeable isn't
incongruent with its productivity, and bureaucratic administration, is not a viable
replacement for inadequate chose initiative, if any in cooperatives.
Mani and Latha has distributed a paper on concentrate on save the board of helpful
bank a contextual investigation of Trichur region agreeable bank. The primary targets
of this examination were to asses the degree of abundance saves kept by the Trichur
area agreeable bank and to evaluate the open door cost of overabundance saves kept
up over a 10 years time frame from 1977-78 to 1986-87. They have seen that if the
money hold proportion is kept at the rate of 3 percent and the whole abundance sum is
used for business loaning at 25 percent statutory liquidity proportion, net benefit will
be Rs.77.51 lakhs. It was likewise seen that if money save proportion is kept at the
rate of 3 percent and the overabundance sum is used for various loaning task at 25
percent statutory liquidity proportion, total deficit will be Rs.53.48 lakhs. In the event
that money save proportion is kept at the rate 4.5 percent and the whole abundance
sum is used for business loaning at 25 percent statutory liquidity proportion, overal
deficit will be Rs.42.11 lakhs. The investigation has reasoned that if the money save
proportion is kept at the rate of 4.5 percent and the abundance sum is used for various
loaning tasks at 25 percent statutory liquidity proportion.
Sharma has distributed his articles on a contextual analysis of the Jammu focal
agreeable Bank Ltd; Jammu. The principle target of this examination was to discover
development execution of Jammu focal helpful bank and considered a period from
1980-81 to 1989-90. He has seen that the development rates of the bank through
rising are likewise enlisting a declining pattern. An all out recuperation of 73.4
percent in the year 1985-86, the situation in recuperations has dwindled down to 52.7
percent in 1987-88, 43.9 percent in 1988-89 and to just 21 percent of the interest in
the year 1989-90 The influencing factors were the real government orders, for
45 | P a g e
example, 'Change of helpful banks to multi year long haul advances, Droughts and
alleviation measures by the Government; the obligation help plot 1990. Indeed, even
the submission approach of the administration towards the association also has done a
considerable amount of mischief to the bank, as it has not been conceivable to
implement perfect control among the representatives. The workers additionally have
their very own part in the declining site of the bank.
Sukumaran and Shaheena have distributed an article on the board of spread, weight
and productivity a contextual investigation of palghat region helpful bank. The
fundamental point of the investigation to break down the proficiency of the banks in
dealing with the premium spread and weight to expand the productivity of the bank. It
likewise lays weight on the measures that must be taken at different dimension for
equipping further banks. The investigation demonstrated that the gainfulness of the
bank demonstrated a declining pattern through the time of study. This investigation
has seen that the benefit of the bank, which remained as Rs.9.05 lakhs in 1977-78, has
diminished to Rs.2.76 lakhs in 1978-79. It again tumbled to at least Rs.0.14 lakhs
amid 1979-80. Amid the following three years the bank demonstrated a sensible
enhancement in its gainfulness position from 1983-84 The benefit of the bank which
was Rs.1.57 lakhs amid 1983-84 has diminished to Rs.0.21 lakhs in 1984-85 and
again to Rs.0.01 lakhs in 1986-87. The examination has expressed explanations
behind diminishing benefit as an absence of viable administration of skewered and
weight of the bank. The investigation has seen that the gainfulness of the bank falls as
weight goes up. The benefit of the bank has decreased from Rs.7.26 lakhs in 1981-82
to Rs.0.33 lakhs in 1985-86. The examination additionally investigation that the
premium salary establishes around 69.12 percent of the complete pay of the bank
amid the reference time frame and the non-premium pay amid the investigation time
frame correspondingly, of the all out consumption. The level of intrigue use
establishes 55.80 percent amid the investigation time frame. The investigation
likewise inferred that the productivity premium use of the bank demonstrated a
fluctuating yet a troublesome pattern all through the reference time frame an
examination of the spread proportion and weight proportion show towards some
insufficiency in the discovered administration inside the bank. Further test of the save
the board of the bank tosses some light on the overabundance and inactive stores kept
by the bank amid this decade. These abundance holds kept by the bank are a sign
towards inadequate administration of assets inside the bank
46 | P a g e
Chinnappa has endeavored to analyze the issues of the Anantapur locale focal
agreeable bank in Andhra Pradesh. The primary target of this examination was to
discover issues of the Anantapur area focal helpful bank. The examination has
expressed that the Anantapur area national bank in Andhra Pradesh is confronting
incalculable issues like, flawed credit approach delay in approval and dispensing of
advances, insufficient making arrangements for medium term advances, issues of
individual administration, overdues preparation of stores, recuperation of advances
and so forth obviously these issues are not limited to Anantapur region focal
agreeable bank as it were. Such issues are looked by practically all the region focal
helpful banks in Andhra Pradesh and India however their seriousness is more in
Anantapur region agreeable bank. The investigation has expressed that every one of
the banks in the area viz, the locale focal agreeable bank, the business banks and the
local rustic banks set up together financed rural credit to the tune of Rs.71.9 crores for
the year 1989-90 which was just 20.8 percent of the all out credit required by the
agriculturists bigly at a concessional rate of premium and there by the motivation for
raising stores by the helpful banks turned out to be additionally debilitated.
Substantial overdues of focal agreeable banks throughout the previous 15 years have
debilitated their ability to acquire from higher financing organizations. The normal
recuperation execution of Anantapur area helpful bank for as far back as 15 years is
52 percent where as the overdues are 48 percent.
Viswa prasad and parthasarathy has endeavored to inspect the supply of transient
credit and estimation of credit holes in Medak area (Andhra Pradesh). The
information relates to 1986-87 rural year. An endeavor has been made by him to
survey the profitability of credit and the credit needs of various sizes of ranches in
Medak locale of Andhra Pradesh. The investigation expressed the business banks
comprised biggest offer of credit (40.82 percent) and cooperatives and moneylenders
gave pretty much a similar extent of credit needs of the agriculturists (26.76 percent)
and (24.46 percent) separately cash loan specialists still shaped the most essential
wellspring of acknowledge to little ranchers when contrasted with different sources
and substantial agriculturists used more from business banks and cooperatives. It flags
that little ranchers credit necessity is for the most part met by private loan specialists
to the tune of 50 percent. The sources insightful characterization of acquired assets
uncovered that business bank and helpful are taking into account the need of vast
47 | P a g e
agriculturists while the little ranchers credit prerequisites are as yet being met by
private sources. At long last, ponder has inferred that the sources astute grouping of
obtained assets uncovered that business bank and helpful are taking into account the
need of extensive ranchers while the little agriculturists credit prerequisites are as yet
being met by private sources. This demonstrates the institutional offices have not
gone bigly in obliging the credit needs of little agriculturists. The estimation of credit
holes showed that the equivalent was most astounding if there should be an
occurrence of little ranchers when contrasted with medium and extensive
agriculturists. This circumstance needs the need to shield the enthusiasm of little
ranchers who are as a general rule, capital starved, by permitting still more stream of
institutional credit for meeting their utilization prerequisites.
Sivaprkashan has distributed an article on an evaluation of work force the executives
arrangements and practice in focal helpful banks in Tamil Nadu for period from 1978-
79 to 1987-88. The principle target of this investigation has the authoritative set-up
for individual administration works in the focal helpful banks in Tamil Nadu. The
foundation of the workers, their frame of mind towards staff strategies and rehearses,
and their activity fulfillment and to recognize the reasonable issues, looked in
actualizing the faculty arrangements and offer recommendations for enhancing faculty
the board in the focal agreeable banks. The investigation saw that there are such a
significant number of strategies and practices were made with respect to the work
force the board. The examination has discovered that working profile of the bank has
a sorted out framework, the advances and advances were multiplied in a limited
capacity to focus 5 years benefit earned, the productivity had been declining the
normal measure of net benefit earned per bank had expanded from Rs.38.2 lakhs in
1978-79 to Rs.53.9 lakhs in 1987-88 and net benefit rate was 1.59 to 0.76 from 1978-
79 to 1987-88. Representatives benefit was that larger part of them were of age
gathering of 41 to 50 years, 75 percent were regions, they were knowledgeable about
staff arrangement, and work force arranging enlistment and choice, preparing,
advancement all were gifted administration. That is the reason; there was occupation
fulfillment among the representatives. The central proposals made by larger part of
the workers incorporate common comprehension between the administration and the
associations.
Dayanandan and Sasikumar have distributed an article on an investigation on the
execution assessment of focal helpful banks in Kerala. Period from 1981-82 to 1989-
48 | P a g e
90. The fundamental target of the investigation is to assess the execution of focal
helpful banks in Kerala based on their advancement in participation enlistment, share
capital, store prepared, gathered hold support, advances overdues and net benefit
earned. The examination has seen that the enrollment of focal agreeable banks in
Kerala has been expanding consistently which demonstrates the powerful investment
of the more fragile area individuals in the crediting program. Inclusion of individuals
in the country advancement program guarantees monetary improvement. The offer
capital was Rs.16.32 crores in 1981-82 and has expanded to Rs.30.48 crores in 1989-
90 (186.76 percent). Higher save finance the more noteworthy will be the viable
working of the bank. It discovered Rs.13.21 crores in 1981-82 and has brought to
Rs.75.28 crores up in 1989-90 (569.84 percent) share capital and save finance
comprised claim support, which was represented 358.14 percent in 1989-90 more than
1981-82. In store assembly, the bank has appeared amazing outcome store represented
Rs.132.76 crores in 1981-82 went up about multiple occasions. The credits past due
remained at Rs. 128.48 crores in 1989-90, which was, in excess of multiple times to
that of 1981-82. Similar examination of the absolute credits overdues with different
variables talked about above demonstrates that the advancement of the focal agreeable
banks isn't palatable on the grounds that the rate of increment of all out advances
overdues is fairly ominous to the rate of increment in different components. The net
benefit represented Rs.1.61 crores in 1981-82 went up about just under multiple times
in 1989-90. For whatever length of time that there is no decline in the rate of all out
credits overdues, productivity of the bank can't be progressed. The examination has
inferred that the focal helpful bank has accomplished better execution on offer capital,
enrollment, stores and holds finance there is no relating accomplishment in the net
benefit as a result of the troublesome consistent increment in the overdues. it very
well may be expressed in another way that the development of focal helpful banks in
Kerala is presently influenced due to high overdues. On the off chance that the
administration of the bank takes reasonable measures for controlling its overdues, at
that point no one but it can perform better in future.
Parameshwar has endeavored an examination on branch extension of focal helpful
banks in Andhra Pradesh period from 1970-71 to 1989-90. In perspective of the
investigation were the arrangements embraced and measures started for branch
development by focal helpful Banks in Andhra Pradesh further, it is likewise planned
to dissect the execution of the locale focal agreeable Banks in growing their system of
49 | P a g e
branches. The investigation has seen that the quantity of branch workplaces has
climbed from 134 out of 1970-71 to 279 out of 1976-77, to 434 out of 1985-86 and to
539 of every 1989-90 by 1989-90 all the focal helpful banks in the state have at the
very least 10 branches each and a limit of 50 workplaces are there in the event of the
Krishna region focal agreeable bank. Because of the revamping of 27 helpful national
banks into 22 focal agreeable Banks in Andhra Pradesh, to consent to one bank for
one income region. The focal helpful banks in the state got money related and non-
monetary help for development of their system of branches. The primary issue for the
focal agreeable banks in Andhra Pradesh to broaden saving money offices by
expanding their branch net-work was that an extraordinary number of them were not
monetarily solid and not achieved the condition of inconstancy. The branch
development of focal agreeable banks in Andhra Pradesh was to a great extent the
aftereffect of inspiration and bearing of the state government, Reserve Bank of India
and APSCB.
Sivaprakasan has distributed an article on his works audit of faculty the executives in
focal helpful bank. The investigation has embraced covering all the focal agreeable
banks of Tamil Nadu and 648 workers were secured in this way comprising 10.5
percent of the all out populace just the officers and representatives were incorporated
into the examination. The investigation has seen that 56 percent of the representatives
are happy with the enlistment and choice methodology and their proposals are brought
out. It is significant that just 23.3 percent of the representatives consent to delegation
while 61.7 percent contradict in light of the accompanying reasons absence of
information, absence of duty of the part nomination, absence of managing an account
learning, hindering the advancement of bank workers, delay in approach and basic
leadership, visit exchanges since they are from the administration.
Reddy and Puyalvanna have distributed a paper on budgetary pre-emption and
statutory consistence of focal helpful bank-A contextual investigation of Tamil Nadu.
The primary target of the examination was to dissect the operational execution of
Pudukkottai region focal helpful bank, Tamil Nadu. The investigation has seen that
the banks had constantly kept up more level of money save proportion and statutory
liquidity proportion than as far as possible amid June 1992, January/February 1993.
They expressed the necessity of upkeep of money save is in this way a requirement on
assets the executives. There is further requirement that the banks are not in a situation
to direct the surplus money with them by making brief settlement to head office/Apex
50 | P a g e
bank. It had kept up thrice and least sum required to be kept up under money hold
proportion. They have discovered that the position has enhanced amid year 1993-94.
Money save proportion and statutory liquidity proportion were kept up at the required
dimension aside from amid the months June 93 and March 94 and June 94. The
support at a higher rate was because of gathering of advances with an extraordinary
drive and target settled for preparation of stores combined with industrious settlement
issues looked by the region focal agreeable bank. The creators have seen that the most
essential issues in helpful banks are identified with the support of statutory liquidity
proportion and money save proportion. Ordinarily State Bank of India declines
agreeable banks to store their quantum of money. The creators have recommended for
a national dimension approach choice with respect to legitimate plan for settlement in
order to keep up gainfulness and effectiveness in the helpful bank. At long last they
have inferred that the bank is keeping up the money save proportion and statutory
liquidity proportion adequately amid the ongoing time frames.
Shanmugasundaram has distributed the paper on authoritative atmosphere in
cooperatives; A contextual analysis of Madurai region focal helpful bank restricted.
The fundamental target of this investigation was the authoritative atmosphere in an
agreeable bank. Ten hierarchical atmosphere measurements have been chosen for the
reason. The examination has seen that the general view of hierarchical atmosphere
measurements by the example all in all is in accordance with the impression of
authoritative atmosphere measurements by the bosses. The general observation scores
showed that the measurement 'social qualities' (84.86 percent) is the most very much
taken care of factor pursued by professional stability (78.2 percent) and pay and
advantages' (72.4 percent) at the other outrageous, the measurement 'participative
administration' (53.86 percent) is the least-took care of factor pursued by
'acknowledgment and gratefulness' (57.6 percent) and 'preparing and improvement'
(64.26) percent). The staying four measurements' discernment' complaint giving and
working conditions fall between these two limits for the example in general. The
creator has recommended the general atmosphere of the association ought to be
enhanced by giving careful consideration to the elements of participative
administration, acknowledgment and gratefulness, and preparing and advancement
which are least taken care of at present. The association should endeavor to fulfill
certain gatherings of representatives like the more youthful representatives,
representatives working at the branch workplaces and the workers at lower classes so
51 | P a g e
as to enhance their view of atmosphere. The workers, particularly at the supervisory
classification ought to be engaged with detailing and actualizing approaches and
systems of the administration. The general atmosphere of the association could be
enhanced be giving careful consideration to participative administration since the
respondents are happy with the other seven measurements as they seem to be. The
administrative and the faculty arrangements and practices ought to be changed in
connection to the desires for the workers. There ought to be adequate extension for
advancement and professional success. Acceptable methodology for dealing with
complaints ought to be set up. Due acknowledgment ought to be given to proficient
workers, recognizing them from normal representatives.
Monetary and Political week by week:-
Sameeksha Trust Publication
The week after week gives data on issues identified with economy and on assortment
of subject on financial and political front .Mostly the articles are examine based
giving direct data. The diary has ended up being a shelter to understudies and analysts
regarding giving data.
Business world:-
A magazine with an alternate sort of methodology containing data identified with
business world, Mergers, Acquisition, joint efforts, Decisions fuse world is featured
with in dept investigation on related issues.

The magazine likewise features the business heads and their profile. Their obligations
with contextual investigations including vital choices.
Standpoint Weekly:-
A production well perused in all quarters of the general public .As the name
recommend ,it gives data directly from political, to economy, sports, and consuming
issues National and worldwide front. Articles espically identified with Indian
economy are available with in dept examination.
Indian Journal of business
A quarterly production through overseeing editorial manager school of the board
thinks about, Indira Gandhi National open college, (IGNOU) Madian Garhi, New
Delhi. The distribution spread Knowledge and data in the regions of exchange, trade,
business and the board rehearses. The diary anticipates on hypothetical connected and
bury disciplinary research in trade and business studies and the executives. It gives a
52 | P a g e
discussion to debat and consultations of scholastics, industrialists and specialists. The
diary has ended up being an instructive in the changing situation at national and
universal dimension.
CJMR (Center for Management Research and Development, pune.)
Twice per year diary with broad articles on Commerce, Management and Economics
is a shelter to the analysts for exhibiting there perspectives.
Afflation and the Public Distribution System by M.H.Suryanarayana Indra Gandhi
Institute of Development Research Mumbai. Article-Economic and Political Weekly,
3/05/2008 Vol XL1115. The interest for "universalisation" of the general population
circulation framework amid a time of rising
costs isn't applicable since more than four-fifths of families in provincial territories
and 66% in urban focuses are as of now secured by it. However, an extremely little
extent of rustic/urban family units really make buys of either rice or wheat from the
PDS; an irrelevant measure of utilization is met by proportion shop buys. The
example is to some degree better for beneath the destitution line family units with
proportion cards. What this shows is that the issue isn't universalisation yet enhanced
working, more prominent effectiveness and BPL-invitingness of the PDS.
The Article contains the board issues for example Unviversalisation of PDS and its
suggestion for acquirement and cradle stock. It likewise featured the significance of
stable costs the profile of PDS in India with an extraordinary table on the
dissemination of family unit by proportion cards, type and rate of family neediness in
country and urban territories among SC/ST/OBC and others the dependence on PDS
with the focusing of PDS and its adequacy. Towards the end the investigation on the
issues that calls for approach consideration and the endeavors required for
universalisation of PDS and amendment of nourishment security standards a more
BPL well-disposed framework and its proficient capacity. This article through light on
the general changes required in the PDS and the genuine to actualize the equivalent
portrayed.
Governmental issues of PDS Anger in West Bengal by Dwaipayan Bhattacharyya,
Kumar Rana. (Article) Economic and political Weekly 02-02-2008 VolXLIII5. A mix
of components have been in charge of the episodes in late 2007 including people in
general circulation framework in West Bengal, While the focal arrangement of
Targeted Public Distribution System and diminished/assignments to the state have
been essential contributory variables, nearby dimension elements that have influenced
53 | P a g e
the Panchayati Raj framework are additionally of essentialness. This article attempts
to consolidate a field think about in country West Bengal with full scale level
examination to dissect the issue.
The article through light on the ideological groups who are in a propensity for giving
a curve to the issue and likewise a general diagram of the PDS throughout the years
with the objective PDS and the reactions against the objective PDS the appropriation
which are given are exhibited in the overstated way the instance of west Bengal and
TPDS and furthermore the instance of BPL and APL classifications is spelt out the
value variances as respects the rice and wheat the marvels at Bengal and national
dimension with the episodes in various parts of Bengal with the exclusive class has
led the pack if there should arise an occurrence of the poor area in Bengal it
additionally talks about the counter CPIM turn which the minute took, towards the
finish of article the writers introduced an image about the social observing to begin
from the Panchyat framework which in itself in broken necessities remedies, the
article is likewise alert given to one side gatherings about the situation going on
imperceptible world and its suggestions allover India.
The survey of writing however had a major canvas, couple of critical agrarian
promoting related articles, books, Journals and site were alluded. The way that India
is facilitator state in its endeavors have completed a ton and continous enhancement in
various plans now and again gave a knowledge to go for broad referral. Articles
identified with rural promoting in India, and on various states helped in making an
examination progressively thought towards the target.
References:-
1. Benjamin Horace Hibbard (2004) “Marketing Agricultural Products” General
Books ISBN 115027074
2. B P Skey (2005) “Co- Operative Marketing of Agricultural Products in Ontario”
General Books ISBN 1153463571
3. Bhujanga Rao(2008) , “A Research Methodology:for Mangement & Social
Science”, Excel Books, New Delhi,.
4. Chinna S S (2002) “Agricultural Marketing and Indian Agrcultural Marketing”
Kalyani ISBN 8127203970
5. Charles Lamb, Joseph Hair, Carl Mc Daniel (2008) Principles of Marketing
Kalyani ISBN0538813687

54 | P a g e
6. D Martimort, (2007) Agricultural Markets: Mechanisms, Failures and
Regulations North-Holland ISBN 0444824812
7. Devendra Pal Singh Tomar (2006), “Sociological Research Methodology”
Discovery Publishing House, Mumbai,.
8. Harish Nayyar, P Ramaswamy (2001) Globalization and Agricultural
Marketing Rawat Books ISBN 817033280X
9. Hm Saxena (2005) Regulated Agricultural Markets Rawat Books ISBN 8170331609
10. Jaspal Singh (2001), “Methodology & Techniques Of Social Research”,
Kanishka Publishers Distributor, Mumbai.
11. Lee Warren F, Nelson Aaron G (1998) “Agricultural Finance” Kalyani
ISBN8170961300

12. Mahesh. K. Jain (2005)., “Research Methodology And Statistical Techniques”,

Shree Publishers & Distributors, Mumbai,.
13. Manoj Sharma (2004),”Research Methodology”, Anmol Publications Pvt Ltd,
New Delhi,.
14. Mukesh Pandey Deepali (1999) Rural & Agricultural Marketing
INTERNATIONAL BOOK DISTRIBUTING CO.
ISBN
15. Ravi Kumar K N, (2007) Indian Agriculture in the, 21st Century Kalyani
8127226181

16. Roger Higgs (2001) Agricultural Mathematics: Problems in Production

Management, Marketing, Mechanization, Environmental Quality Book
Description Vero Media Inc ISBN 0813421306.
17. Richard L Kohls (2002) Marketing of agricultural products Macmillan: Collier-
Macmillan,ISBN 0023656506
18. Shakuntala Gupta (2007) Marketing of Agricultural Products Anmol
Publications ISBN 8174882227
19. Suresh C. Sinha and Anil K. Dhiman (2002),” Research Methodology”,
vedams eBooks (P) Ltd ,New Delhi,.

55 | P a g e
 CHAPTER-III
PROFILE OF PUNE DISTRICT

Introduction
Pune District is arranged in Maharashtra State of India. Pune city is the area
central command. In the last enumeration of 2001, the complete populace of the
region was 7,232,555. Urban populace involves 58.08% of the all-out populace. The
present populace of Pune urban agglomerate is more than 4 million.
Pune in the past known as Punawadi or Punya-Nagari or Poona, is the eighth
biggest city in India, and the second biggest in the province of Maharashtra, after
Mumbai. Arranged 560 meters above ocean level on the Deccan level at the
conjunction of the Mula and Mutha streams; Pune is the managerial capital of Pune
area and the seventh Metro city of India.
Pune is referred to have existed as a town since 937 AD. Shivaji, the organizer
of the Maratha Empire, lived in Pune as a kid, and later directed critical development
and improvement of the town amid his routine. In 1730, Pune turned into a significant
political focus as the seat of the Peshwa, the leader of the Chhatrapati of Satara. After
the town was attached to British India in 1817, it filled in as a cantonment town and as
the "rainstorm capital" of the Bombay Presidency until the freedom of India.
Today, Pune is known for its instructive offices, having in excess of a hundred
instructive foundations and nine colleges Pune has entrenched Manufacturing, Glass,
Sugar and Metal Forging enterprises since 1950-60s. Pune additionally has a
developing modern hinterland, with numerous data innovation and car organizations
setting up industrial facilities in Pune area. Furthermore, Pune city is outstanding for
different social exercises like Classical Music, Sports, Literature, Foreign language
learning and Administrative, Economics, Social Science considers. These exercises
and openings for work draw in transients and understudies from all over India, and
furthermore pull in understudies from Middle-East, Iran, Eastern Europe, South-East
Asia which makes for a city of numerous networks and societies.
The name Pune (anglicized as Poona) gets from Punya Nagari (Sanskrit, "City
of Virtue"). The most established reference to this name is on a Rashtrakuta copper
plate dated to 937. Current Era in which, the town is alluded to as Punya-Vishaya or
Punak

56 | P a g e
 Vishaya. By the thirteenth century, it had come to be known as Kasbe Pune or
Punavadi. In spite of the fact that the city's name is here and there translated as Poona
in English, a training especially basic amid the British Raj, the spelling "Pune" has
now turned out to be standard. Pune is likewise alluded to as the "Understudy Capital
of India", by virtue of a huge populace here being fundamentally of understudies in
different colleges and foundations.

Major characteristics of the district

Pune District has a blended economy for example Agrarian just as modern
Half of the populace is occupied with horticulture and the staying in other non-rural
exercises. It isn't invested with major financial assets viz. land fishery or wealth of
mineral stores. Be that as it may, dark stone mines are found in certain pieces of the
area. This stone is utilized in development works. Tajor harvests of this locale are rice
jowar, bajri, and maize. Jowar is developed in huge amounts in shirur tahsil of the
locale. The popular 'Pune college is situated in this region. Understudies from India,
yet additionally from different nations come to ponder in this college in Arts, Science,
Commerce and different parts of drug and designing. The locale is hence in the front
line in the field of instruction. Sugarcane is developed in a huge scale. There are
around 7 sugarcane production lines in the region and increasingly more land is being
utilized for development of sugarcane moreover onion, potatoes, tomatoes and
vegetable are developed in wealth and are traded to different areas. Because of the
nonattendance of coastline, the angling exercises are constrained to lakes and
waterways as it were.
Notwithstanding agrarian exercises, the locale has made obvious scratch in the
field of industrialization. There are little just as large enterprises in the locale.
Horticultural instruments and executes, siphons, motors, electrical machines and
vessels, and so forth are fabricated in little ventures. Vehicle parts and fans and so on
are made by enormous mechanical units. The world well known Bajaj bike is
produced in this locale, notwithstanding Rickshaws and trucks. Automation has made
critical mark in this region with most recent types of gear and strategies being utilized
in both the horticultural and mechanical areas.
Lonavala and Khandala are the two celebrated slope resorts in this locale.
Travelers from everywhere throughout the nation are pulled in to these spots. Plus,
there are additionally authentic spots of significance in the locale which draw in the
57 | P a g e
outsiders. In any case, despites few spots of vacationer intrigue, the travel industry
thusly has no potential in the region. The locale is socially, socially and politically at
cutting edge in the State. It additionally positions fourth in proficiency among the 30
locale of the state.
Puneri is the nearby language of the locale. The fundamental sustenance
comprises rice, dal and chapatti. A few dishes are set up from rice and maize for
Ganesh utsav, Holi, Diwali, Ramnavmi, Hanuman Jayanti, Christmas. Muharam are
the religious celebrations of the general population, yet Gauri-Ganpati and Shimga are
the most significant celebrations of the locale. Individuals remaining in Bombay,
Ahmadnagar and other huge urban communities visit their local spots so as to take an
interest these celebrations. The social and social existence of the general population of
this locale has been very tranquil amid the decade.

History and Culture

The mankind's history in the area of Pune locale returns to 1.4 million years
based on proof of stone instruments that found beneath the layers of volcanic fiery
remains in the segment of Kukadi River close Junnar. One of taluka home office of
Pune locale. This has likewise taken the date of Lower Paleolithic Culture of India
back of start of second million years B.P.
The proof of succeeding Middle Paleolithic Culture have originated from the
stretches of streams Mula, Mutha, Bhima and Ghod alongside fossilized
palaentological stays of Hippo, elephant and so forth. Waterway Bhima has
additionally given the proof of Upper Paleothic Culture alongside fossilized creature
remains. The date of this period from Inamgaon (Tal.Shirur) close Shikrapur. On
Bhima comes to multi year B.P. The event of Hippo and elephant demonstrate wet
atmosphere.
The succeeding Mesolithic time frame isn't all around shown in this locale
Few of the surface finds were noted by this creator between the territory of Koregaon
and Shikrapur. These microliths are unquestionably of pre-chalcolithic period.
Unearthing at Inamgaon by the Deccan College, Pune drew out the remaining
parts of Malwa, Jorwe and late Jorwe Culture of protohistoric period which included
rectangular and roundabout house designs, the prior comprised of 2 to 3 rooms
including kitchen; explicit kind of ceramics collection; internments, stone and metal
items; stone, earth trimmings; and a few different remains featuring the socio-social
58 | P a g e
and financial circumstance winning between the time of C. 1600 B.C. to 700 B.C. The
four legged container where the expired was made to situate in hunkering stance, the
slashing of leg parcel underneath the lower legs of perished, disclosure of a female
and bull dirt figures and mud enclose which female figure was kept cautiously are the
trademark feartures of this removal. This uncovering likewise uncovered the late the
late or degenerate period of Jorwe culture dated to C. 1000 B.C. served to dridge the
hole between protohistoric 700 B.C. also, early Historic period. This stage is
portrayed. Other than different highlights, by the event of megalithic Black and Red
were.
The succeeding Megalithic Culture is seen at Inamgaon unearthing as
additionally at Walki, Theur and Sastewadi.
Locale of Pune region saw the introducing Historical period C. 700 – 600 B.C.
forward. No immediate proof of early verifiable period has become visible up until
this point yet it was certainly under principle Ashok Maurya. Fall of Maurya rule saw
the development of Statevahana rule in Maharashtra, the locale of Pune region was a
significant topographical area for them. Furious battling among Statavahanas and
Kshtrapas occurred in this area (north – western piece of Pune locale) as evidnet from
Karle cavern engraving. Therefore Nahaphanas tule reached end on account of
Gautamiputra Satakarmi. Nearly all through the Satavahana rule this locale taluka
Junnar found by Dr. Suresh Jadhav and thusly unearthed by this creator at junnar in
1985. Amid this period enormous number of shake cut caverns of buddhisst stage was
cut in the north and western piece of this locale. The Junnar, Bhaje, Karle, Bedsa,
Lohgarh, Shelarwadi are the significant cavern gatherings of this period. Junnar has
through and through 209 shake cut caverns and 115 water tanks situated at 9 distinct
regions showing significant structural and surface embellishing highlights. Altogether
36 engravings accessible from Junnar reval host of data including distinctive Buddhist
groups like. Dharmottariya, Apaguriya, Lakundiya which are known from different
sources, name of Indian and non-Indian donees from various areas of society; names
of Trader Shrenis managing contemporary economy; and references to contemporary
circumstance. Comparative is the situation with the engraved records found at Bhaja
(9ins.),. Bedse (3ins.), Karle (36ins.) and Kondane (1 ins.) There are not many more
cavern bunches in this region however don't shade significant light on the
contemporary history.

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 Junnar was significant seat in the Satavahana Kshartapa rule. Till V. 120 – 125
A.D., it was administered by Kshatrapse Echos of their reality are reflected in the
cavern design. There are number of significant finds from the region of Junnar
taluka/Naneghat, the most significant spot amid this period, is found 25 kms. From
Junnar. It was the most frequented exchange course associating Knokan district –
particularly Kaliyan (present day Kalyan) with pune and further locale. A long
engraving in on of the caverns caused to cut by Satavahana ruler Naganika give surge
of data on contemporaty religio-socio-political circumstance. The now totally harm
help models of famous identities of Satavahana families and relivio engraving situated
at Naneghat is the main case of such kind and of an early date. Junnar district has
given enormous number of early coins. Two of them are novel. The one has a place
with satakarni which is a commorative coin, bears the names of satakarni and
Naganika on one side and Asvamedha on the other. This is the main proof that lets us
know truly that Naganika was satakarni's better half. Another success bears the name
of vasithiputasa on one side and Mahakhatapas (Mahakshtrapa) on opposite side. This
is the main coin which bears the names of two opponent administrations, Rivalry
among Satavahanas and Kshatrapas is notable. This coin was likely issued when
Rudradamana dfefeated Satavahana ruler in the last 50% of the second century A.D.
also, offered his little girl to the child of Satavahana ruler. Be that as it may, this fix
up between these two adversaries did not proceed for long. An egg molded model cut
in alabaster stone of Greek goddess Eros found close Ganesh cavern gathering of
Junner demonstrate the presence of Westerners in this locale. Junnar and Nasik had
the provinces of these individuals.
Chalukyas of Badami were administering over this locale since the mid
seventh century A.D. down to center of eighth century A.D. their copperplates are
found from Jejuri (purpose 609), Pune (purpose 612) and Bopgaon (purpose 640).
These copperplate are chiefly issued to record the gifts and notice saveral places from
southern area of Pune locale.
The succeeding rulers were Rashtrakutas. There are 4 copperplates issued by
Rashtrakuta rulers found in this locale. The most punctual have a place with lord
Vibhuraja who had a place with one of the Rashtrakuta family which was
administering from Man, a spot now a taluka headquarter of region Satara. They most
likely had their standard over the area of present Satara and Pune locale after the
defeat of Vakatakas till end of sixth century A.D.
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 Rashtrakutas were prevailing by later Chalukyas. Amid their standard Pune
area was administered by Mahasamanta Siddha Adityavarman. His two copperplates
dated to purpose 887 (A.D.965) are accessible.
Yadavas set up their suzerainty in 10th|century A.D. also, in eleventh century
or so broadened their standard over bigger piece of Maharashtra including Pune area.
Just engraving of line issued by lord Ramchandra dated to purpose 1207 (A.D. 1285)
was found at Pur of Purandar taluka.
End of Yadava rule is the finish of Hindu principle in Maharashtra. There
were insignificant chieftains in Pune district Though Allauddin Khilaji vanquished
Deogiri, he couldn't set up his standard over real piece of Maharashtra. It was
Mohammad Tughlaq who previously laid attack to Kondana stronghold (later on
named Sinhagad) and the neighborhood ruler Nag Naik needed to clear the fortress
after solid opposition in A.D. 1340. In 1344 A.D. Burya Arab, a Sardar from Tughlaq
armed force assumed control over the standard of this district when Tughlaq control
was very little viable and built up his headquarter at Chakan. At the point when
Hassan Bahamani revolted and headed out Tughlaq armed force from Deccan, Pune
district went under their standard and his child was the first governer of this locale
who had his headquarter at chakan. Pune locale right now was independent Taraf the
regulatory unit. Chakan was additionally a managerial focus in 1443 A.D. at the point
when Malik-ut-Tujar was administering this region. In 1472 A.D. Mahmood Gawan,
the well known priest of Muhammad Shah III, separated the kingdom into eight
sections and Pune was incorporated into the Bid territory. In 1477 A.D. Gawan was
prevailing by Nizam-ul-mulk Bhairi whose child Malik Ahmad who later on
established Nizamshahi in 1495 A.D. was controlling over Pune locale and Chakan
was his regulatory focus. Not long after Bahamani kingdom was separated into
various Shahis and Pune went under the standard of Nizamshahi. Malik Ahmed was
the main ruler and he set up his capital at Bhingar close present Ahmednagar city,
named Bhingar as Bagh-Nizam and built up the town of Ahmednagar. At the point
when Mughlas under Akbar compromising the Nizamshahi, at that point Nizam so as
to pick up help from neighborhood chieftains appropriated the Jagirs. Pune and Supe
area in Ellora locale (of present Aurangabad region). Shivneri and Chakan posts were
given under his standard.
At the point when Akbar kicked the bucket in A.D. 1605, the standard of
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Mughals in the pieces of Maharashtra debilitated. Exploiting the circumstance Malik
Ambar, the confided in priest of Nizam reestablished the circumstance in Pune area.
The year 1630 A.D. seen the introduction of Shivaji, the future leader of
Maharashtra at shivneri. As of now Shivaji's dad Shahaji was in the administration of
Bijapur's Adilshahi. The weight of Mughals was expanding over the locale of
Deccan and under the standard of Shahajahan northern Maharashtra was at
that point under their standard. Shahaji was sent to Karnatak. Shivaji and his mom
Jijabai were left at Shivneri under the assurance of Dadoji Kondadev, the most
confided in lieutenant of Shahaji and Guri of Shivaji. Pune was one of the living
arrangements of Shivaji who alongside his mom Jijabai lived in Lal Mahal of Pune.
Dadoji Kondadev passed on in 1647 A.D.
At this point Shivaji had officially grown up by the age as well as with
incredible vision of future and he flagged his aspiration as autonomous expert by
claiming Kondane fortress. Step by step Shivaji merged his position over the piece of
northern Konkan and pune area. Adilshahi and Mughals were greetings.

Social Structure
The social structure of the district isn't not quite the same as rest of
Maharashtra. Till Peshwa period the social framework was much inflexible which
turned out to be progressively adaptable after landing of Britishers.
The general public is made out of Hindu (47,53,854), Buddhist (2,60,002),
Christians (92,894), Jains (71,712), Muslims (3,20,504), Sikh (17,263), Miscellaneous
(7210) and there are 3093 people who have not proclaimed their religion. Out of the
absolute populace 11.41% people had a place with planned positions, 6,31,063
people, 2,16,336 had a place with booked clans (3.91%), Neo Buddhists
20,874(0.50%). Pune area has individuals recognized as Bene Israels (Jews), 2000 in
quality and for the most part occupied with neighborhood business. Prior there
fundamental occupation was identified with oil and subsequently were called Shanwar
Teli in light of the fact that they shut their business on Saturday. There lifestyle is
presently ordinary Maharashtrian, still serenade the supplications in Herbew and have
synagogue. These individuals are for the most part found in Pune city.
The Hindus in the rigion pursue their very own traditions for the most part
impacted by Bhakti clique Varkari Panth. Alandi and Dehu are the extraordinary
focuses in the locale and Pandharpur is close-by. It is a similar case with others that
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they pursue their very own religious traditions. The dietry propensities are normal to
all and represented by religion as opposed to society. But Hindus all are Beef eaters.
Because of impact of the Bhakti faction a large number of the Hindus don't eat non-
veggie lover sustenance. Among the non-veggie lover's a sure gathering will just eat
the meat of sheep and not of goat since they venerate Bolai goddess. In the veggie
lover diet there is no qualification. The modernization has more impact on these
taboos.
Joint families are once in a while observed. The industrialization has its own
impact on society. The clothing is normal Muslims still pursue their own clothing.
Sikhas can likewise be related to the hair-facial hair and pagdi. Others don't have
average style.
House design is as normal with a distinction of provincial assortment.
Neighborhood amusements basic to Maharashtra, Gondhal, Tamasha and so
on are the tradional approaches to hang loose.
Muslims establish Sayids, Shaikhs, Mughals and Pathans and tradionally
occupied with aroma, Bangle utensils, firecrackers, tinsmith, Silk decoration bending
business.
These days the inclination to do any accessible employment is basic because
of money related requirements and thought of family calling is dieing.
Pune locale have number of Sindhi and Punjabis connected for the most part
in systematic Gujratis and Marwadis. They are Hindus. Sindhis have Shri Uderolal the
benefactor holy person who sorted out the new Church called the Thakmai-Varuna the
lord of water is adored. Jhari a pot is a favorable for them.

Geography & Location

Pune District is in the western locale in Maharashtra in India. It is limited by
Thane District toward the northwest, Raigad District toward the west, Satara District
toward the south, Solapur District toward the southeast, and Ahmednagar District
toward the north and upper east.
Pune locale is situated between 17 degrees 54' and 10degrees24' north scope
and 73 degrees19' and 75 degrees 10' east longitude. The locale has topographical
region of 15.642 sq.km. Pune area is bound by Ahmadnagar region on north-east,
Solapur locale on the south-east, Satara region on south, Raigad region on the west
and Thane region on the northe-west. It is the second biggest region in the state and
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covers 5.10 % of the all out geological region of the state.The scene of Pune region is
conveyed triangularly in western Maharashtra at the lower regions of the Sahyadri
Mountains and is isolated into three sections: "Ghatmatha", "Maval" and "Desh".
Pune lies in the Western Ghats or Sahyadri mountain range and it stretches out
on to the Deccan Plateau on the east. Pune remains on the leeward side of the Western
Ghats.Pune is at an elevation of 559m.(1863 ft.). Pune area is situated between 17.5°
to 19.2° North and 73.2° to 75.1° East. In Pune area, there are two civil partnerships,
specifically Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) and Pimpri-Chinchawad Municipal
Corporation (PCMC).
Pimpri Chinchwad is situated at the West of Pune city, contacting the Pune-
Mumbai National parkway. The company covers the zone of Akurdi, Pimpri,
Chinchwad and Bhosari. The said region is created by MIDC as a modern zone.

Climate
Pune district forms a part of the tropical monsoon land and therefore shows a
significant seasonal variation in temperature as well as rainfall conditions. Climate of
the western region of Pune is cool whereas the eastern part is hot and dry.
Average rainfall in the district is 600 to 700 mm. This is usually during the
monsoon months from July - October. Moderate temperatures are mainly observed
here. The rainfall is unpredictable in tune with the Indian monsoon. Summers here
begin from early March to July. Summers are dry and hot. The temperature ranges
from 20°C to 38°C, though at the peak they may reach 40°C.
From November to January, is the winter season. Temperatures at the peak
drop to single digits but usually they hover around 9°C to 14°C sometimes lowers up
to 3°C. January to March are the months with moderate temperatures. In year due
rainfall stress in June, & upto 20 September agriculture sector come in danger.
Pune district forms a part of the tropical monsoon land and therefore shows a
significant seasonal variation in temperature as well as rainfall conditions. Climate of
the western region of Pune is cool whereas the eastern part is hot and dry.

Rainfall distribution
Attributable to the land conditions inside the area, the precipitation is unevenly
disseminated. The Western piece of the region contiguous the West coast is sloping
region having woods spread, because of which the precipitation force is more around
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there when contrasted with the eastern parts. A large portion of this downpour is
brought by the southwest storm twists amid the mid year and about 87% of rainfalls
amid the rainstorm months.The storm touches base in the period of June, with the
greatest power of precipitation amid the long stretch of July and August.
Talukas falling in the most elevated precipitation force zone are Velha, Mulshi
and Maval. Talukas falling in the moderate precipitation force zone are Bhor,
Ambegaon, Junnar, Khed, haveli, Pune city and Purandar. Talukas with most minimal
precipitation power, the dry and semi-parched zone are Shirur, Daund, Indapur and
Baramati.

Rivers and Lakes and Dams

Major rivers of the district are: Pushpavati, Krushnavati, Kukadi, Meena,
Ghod, Bhima, Bhama, Andhra, Indryani, Pavna, Mula, Mutha, Ambi, Mose,
Shivganga, Kanandi, Gunjavni, Velvandi, Neera, Karha, etc. Some major dams are:
Pimpalgaon (Pushpavati), Manikdoh,Yedgaon (Kukadi), Meena (Meena),
Dimbe (Ghod), Chas-Kaman and Ujani (Bhima), Andhra (Andhra), Valvhan
(Indrayani), Pavna (Pavna), Mulshi (Mula), Temghar, Khadakwasla (Mutha),
Varasgaon (Ambi), Panshet (Mose), Chapet (Kanandi), Bhatgar (Velvandi), Devghar,
Veer (Neera)
Lonavla region (Wadgaon-Maval Taluka) can be called as lake district of
Maharashtra due to numerous lakes in this area viz, Bhushi, The Lonavla lake, INS
Shivaji, Pavna, Valvhan, Tungarli, Andhra, Shirawta lake. However, the Sahyadris
and its branches offer lot of opportunity for damming the streams leading to large
number of lakes in Pune district.

Agriculture
The region of Pune has 3100-hectare cultivable land. Individuals are given the
required composts by the legislature to expand the yield efficiency. The topographical
territory in Pune District is characterized into three classifications. Horticulture in
Pune locale has much variety when contrasted with different areas of Maharashtra. It
incorporates 4 among the 7 agrarian atmosphere zones in Maharashtra in particular
the Ghat Zone, Sub Mountain Zone, Plain Zone and Scarcity Zone.
There are three harvesting seasons in the district which includes:

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Kharip Crop - Rice, Bajara, Tur, Moong, Udid, Groundnut and Soyabeen

Rabi Crop - Jawar, Wheat, Pulses and Sunflower

Annual Crop - Sugarcane

Other major crops in district are:

Mango, Banana, Grapes, Chiku and Pomegranate and so forth. Sugarcane is
developed on a huge scale in Pune District. It is developed in Baramati, Indapur, and
Haveli Talukas on a huge scale. It is additionally developed in Purandhar, Daund, and
Shirur Talukas.

Irrigation
Because of the nearness of Sahyadri goes in its western part, the region gets a
satisfactory supply of water through precipitation. Likewise, the area has an
appropriate geological structure for the development of dams to help different water
system ventures. Pune locale goes under the Krishna valley including the streams of
Bhima, Mula, Mutha, Indrayani, Ghodnadi, and Nira. There are 5 significant
Irrigation Projects on the Khadakwasla, Kukadi, Ghod, Nira, and Pavana waterways.
Because of the progression of waterways from west to east, shortage zone in
east is used for cultivating. Sugarcane is the significant money crop. There are 10
sugar industrial facilities in the area. Planting, wheat and vegetables are somewhat
supplanting the development of the Jowar crop. Pune is additionally a minor maker of
organic products in the state.

Education
University Education
Most schools in Pune are associated to the University of Pune, built up in
1948. Seven other regarded colleges have likewise been built up in the city. The
College of Engineering, Pune, established in 1854, is the second-most seasoned
designing school in Asia. The Deccan Education Society was established by a few
nearby natives in 1884, including social and political extremist Bal Gangadhar Tilak,
and was in charge of establishing Fergusson College in 1885. This general public as
of now keeps up and works 32 establishes in Pune.
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 The University of Pune, the National Defense Academy, Film and Television
Institute of India, National Film Archives, Armed Forces Medical College and
National Chemical Laboratory were built up in Pune after the autonomy of India.
Beneficial interaction International University, which works 33 distinct
schools and establishments in the city, is one of India's biggest private colleges. The
best organization inside the Symbiosis Umbrella being SIBM (Symbiosis Institute of
Business Management) among others is positioned among the top administration
foundations in the nation.
ILS Law College, set up by the Indian Law Society is one of the main ten
graduate schools in India. Built up restorative schools, for example, the Armed Forces
Medical College and Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Medical College train understudies from
all over Maharashtra and India and are among the top medicinal universities in India.
The AFMC reliably positions among the best five medicinal schools in India.
Research Institutes
Notwithstanding the University of Pune , Pune is home to a few research
organizations of national significance. Found neighboring the college is the National
Chemical Laboratory, one of the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
(IISER) and the Center for Materials for Electronics Technology (C-MET), while the
college grounds houses the Center for Development of Advanced Computing (C-
DAC), Inter-University Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, the National Center
for Radio Astrophysics and the National Center for Cell Science.
The KEM Hospital Research Center, Central Water and Power Research
Station (CW and PRS), National Institute Of Bank Management (NIBM), NIC
[National Informatics Centre], the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, the
Agharkar Research Institute and the Automotive Research Association of India
(ARAI),Unit for Research and Development of Information Products (URDIP) and
the National AIDS Research Institute are all in or around Pune. YASHADA, which is
the Administrative Training Institute of Maharashtra is arranged alongside the Raj
Bhavan in Pune.
The Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute was built up in 1917 and is a
widely acclaimed establishment for research and guidance in the Sanskrit and Prakrit
dialects and houses in excess of 20,000 old original copies. The National Institute of
Virology and National Insurance Academy are situated in Pune. Pune likewise houses
the Tata Research Development and Design Center, an exploration unit of Tata
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Consultancy Services, working in the territories of software engineering and
displaying/recreation for materials handling. A few military and combat hardware
explore associations are likewise situated in Pune.
Higher Education
Pune District is home to Pune University. The City itself is known as Oxford of the
East. Popular universities incorporate Tolani Maritime Institute (nautical innovation,
marine designing, presea, DWST), Wadia school, BMCC, College of Engineering,
B.J. Medicinal College, Fergusson College, S.P. School, Abasaheb Garware College,
ILS Law College, AFMC, MIT (Maharashtra Institute of Technology), Symbiosis
Arts and Commerce College, Symbiosis International University, Deccan College,
Agriculture school and so on.
Primary and Secondary Education:
Public education in Pune District is administered by the Zilla Parishad. There
are a number of Primary and Secondary Schools in the district.

Divisions
Administratively the region is partitioned into 14 talukas and 13 Panchayat
Samitis. These are Junnar, Ambegaon, Khed, Maval, Mulshi, Velhe, Bhor, Haveli,
Purandar, Pune City, Indapur, Daund, Baramati and Shirur. Pune city is the
authoritative base camp of the region. There are around 1,866 towns in the area.
There are 18 Vidhan Sabha bodies electorate in this region. These are Junnar,
Ambegaon, Khed-Alandi, Maval, Mulshi, Haveli, Bopodi, Shivajinagar, Parvati (SC),
Kasba Peth, Bhvani Peth, Pune Cantonment, Shirur, Daund, Indapur, Baramati,
Purandhar and Bhor. The 4 Lok Sabha bodies electorate of the locale are Pune,
Baramati, Shirur and Maval (is shared by Raigad region).
Sub-divisions
For managerial purposes, selective of the city of Poona which shapes a
different sub-division, the locale is disseminated more than eight sub-divisions.
These, start from the north-west and working east, are, Junnar, Khed including
Ambegaon, Maval, Haveli including Mulshi, Sirur, Purandhar, Bhimthadi including
Baramati, and Indapur.

Economy
Pune is 'The Detroit of India', It is a modern focus just as agribusiness based
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economy. It is a significant IT Hub of India. There is Infosys place of business in
Pune. As one of the biggest urban areas in India, and because of its numerous schools
and colleges, Pune is rising as a noticeable area for IT and assembling organizations
to extend. Pune has the 6th biggest metropolitan economy and the most astounding
per capita salary in the nation.

Industries
Automotive
The car segment is especially conspicuous in Pune. It is home to the
Automotive Research Association of India, which is in charge of the homologation of
all vehicles accessible in India. All parts of the car business are spoken to, from bikes
and autorickshaws (Bajaj Auto, Kinetic Motor Company) to vehicles (Volkswagen
Group, General Motors, Tata Motors, Mercedes-Benz, Fiat,Peugeot), tractors (John
Deere), beats, excavators (JCB Mfg. Co. Ltd.) and trucks (Force Motors). A few car
segment producers like TATA Auto-comp Systems Limited , Robert Bosch GmbH,
Visteon, Continental Corporation, ITW, SKF, Magna and so forth are additionally
situated here. Other car organizations including General Motors, Volkswagen, and
Fiat have set up greenfield offices close Pune, driving The Independent to refer to
Pune as India's "Engine City".
Other Manufacturing:
Designing products made in Pune incorporate manufactures (Bharat Forge),
Truck Transmissions Systems, Clutches and Hydraulic segments Eaton Corporation,
and motors (Kirloskar Oil Engines, Cummins). Other significant producers
incorporate Alfa Laval, Thyssen Krupp and Black and Veatch, Saint-Gobain Sekurit
(Automotive wellbeing glass.)
India's biggest designing combination the Kirloskar Group is situated in Pune
and was one of the first to set up assembling offices in Pune. Kirloskar Brothers
Limited (One of the World's biggest Pump Company's), Kirloskar Oil Engines (The
World's biggest Gen-set Company), Kirloskar Pneumatics Co Ltd and other Kirloskar
organizations are situated in Pune.
Different products are additionally made in the territory. Electronic
merchandise are fabricated by global organizations, for example, the Whirlpool
Corporation and the LG Group. Nourishment monsters like Frito Lay and Coca Cola
have sustenance preparing plants, while more current organizations, for example,
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Tasty Bite have a close-by homestead. Numerous little and medium-sized
organizations are likewise dynamic, delivering parts for bigger organizations and
making extraordinary segments for the Indian commercial center.
Software and Information Technology:
The HSBC Global Technology Center at Kalyani Nagar creates programming
for the whole HSBC gathering. The Hinjewadi IT Park (formally called as the Rajeev
Gandhi IT Park), is a venture embraced by MIDC to advance the IT part in Pune.
Whenever finished, the Hinjewadi IT Park is relied upon to have a zone of around
2800 sections of land. The evaluated interest in the task is Rs. 600.0 million. To
encourage monetary development, the legislature made liberal motivators in its IT and
ITES Policy, 2003 and rented properties dependent on MIDC land The light IT part in
Pune utilizes in excess of 70,000 individuals. Significant programming organizations
in Pune incorporate Infosys, Wipro, Satyam, TCS, Cognizant and IBM worldwide.
Programming monster Microsoft expects to set up a Rs. 700 crore (Rs. 7 billion)
venture in Hinjewadi Communications counseling bellwether Tech Mahindra has set
up their essential advancement focus in Pune, utilizing more than 23,000 faculty.

Transport
The locale is all around associated with the state capital and encompassing
region central station through street and rail linkages. The street arrange comprises of
Express Highways, National Highways, State Highways and Major District Roads.
The rail organize comprises of both broadgauge (Electrified and Non Electrified)
twofold track just as single track lines. The locale headquarter has availability through
aviation routes for transport and exchange to real air terminals inside the nation and to
choose universal goals. Despite accessibility of enduring stream extends, there is no
critical usage of conduits in the region.
Road Network
The region has absolute length of 13,642 km of streets (2001) of which 5394
km streets are bituminous surface, 3554 km streets of water bound macadam surface
and 4694 km of other surface streets for example unmetalled street. The streets are
arranged by their significance. Of the all out street length in the area, 331km street
length is secured by National Highways and 1368 km by State Highways. The major
and other locale streets have a complete length of 5388 km, which goes through all
the talukas. Practically all the villagesare all around associated by waterbound
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macadam street. The all out length of town streets is 6555 km.
Following National Highways Pass Through The District
National Highway No. 4 (Mumbai-Banglore) - The NH-4 passes through
following places in the district: Khandala, Lonavala, talegaon, Chinchwad, Pune and
Khed-Shivapur. It enters from Raigad district and exits in Satara district.Total length
of NH4 in the district is 120 km.
National Highway No. 9 (Pune-Solapur-Hyderabad )- The NH-9 starts at Pune
district and passes through Loni, Bhigawan and Indapur. It exits in Solapur district.
Total length of NH9 in the district is 152km.
National Highway No. 50 (Pune-Nashik) - The NH-50 originates at Pune and
passes through Chakan, Rajgurunagar, Manchar, Narayangaon, Aalephata and it exits
in Nashik district. The total length of NH50 in the district is 95km.
Rail Network:
The broad gauge single and double track rail length within the district have a
total length of 311 km. Of these, single line is 162 km and the double line is 149 km.
Pune and Daund are the two railway junctions in the district. Following are the three
main railway routes passing through the district:
Mumbai_Pune_Solapur rail route. Pune-Miraj rail route, Daund-Baramti rail route.
Air Route:
Pune is well connected through domestic airlines with the entire country. The
airport located at Lohgaon has recently acquired status of an international airport and
is being used to carry domestic as well as international traffic. Also, it is proposed to
develop an international air-cargo hub near Khed Tahsil of district.

Bibliography:
1. “Sandharbh Maharashtra State & Districts at a glance”, set in 2 Vol, Intellectual
Book Bureau, P. 417.
2. “Gazetted of the Bombay Presidency”, Poona, (1992) The Government
Photozincographic Press, Volume XVIII, Part III
3. “District Census Handbook” (1995), The Maharashtra Census Directorate.

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 CHAPTER-IV
ORGANISATION AND MANAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE
MARKET COMMITTEES
Introduction
This Chapter covers the data about the working and the executives of Agriculture
produce advertise advisory groups in pune area just as Agriculture Produce Market
Committees in Khed, Ambegaon, Shirur and Junnar talukas. Farming Produce Market
Committees are assuming dominent job in horticulture showcasing in India. It is the
managed market practice. The motivation behind managed market is to dispose of
undesirable market practices to decrease promoting charges and to guarantee
reasonable costs. Practically every one of the states have passed the enactment for the
foundation of managed market. A managed market is begun under the law either for a
particular product or for gathering of wares. Such market is controlled by the market
advisory group which comprises of delegates of the state Government, the legitimate
bodies (with respect to occurrence the District board) the brokers, the commission
specialists the dalals and the agriculturists themselves. The advisory group is selected
by the Government, for a particular period and is depended with the administration of
the market.
The Maharashtra State Agricultural Marketing Board (MSAMB) was built up on 23rd
of March 1984. With increment in the generation of agrarian produce in the state,
increasingly more market advisory groups were established. Because of this the
legislature of Maharashtra felt the requirement for a pinnacle association to organize
the working and working of the various APMCs in the state. Along these lines in the
year 1984 the state farming promoting board was fused.
MSAMB has its home office in Pune. The Board has 7 divisional workplaces at Pune,
Nasik, Aurangabad, Latur, Amravati, Nagpur and Ratnagiri for legitimate co-
appointment of the exercises of all APMCs in the state.
The Board is endowed with exercises, for example, keeping vital co-appointment in
the working of market advisory groups, to encourage them to make enhancements in
their working, arranging the improvement of market panels, to keep up the market
advancement subsidize, planning of plans and gauges of common works embraced by
market councils, sorting out courses, workshops, presentations and preparing
programs in subjects identified with farming showcasing, fare of agrarian items,

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foundation of rural fare zones, agriculture preparing focus, evaluating pressing office
and so forth.
Objectives of the Board
The Board has the accompanying goals:
 To co-ordinate the working of market boards of trustees including the projects
attempted by such market panels for improvement of their business sectors and
market regions.
 To attempt state level getting ready for the improvement of horticultural produce
markets.
 To keep up and control "Agrarian Market Development Fund".
 To offer encourage to advertise panels when all is said in done or potentially to
any market board of trustees specifically with the end goal of guaranteeing
enhancement in the working thereof.
 To regulate and direct the market board in the readiness of plans and gauges of
developments program embraced by market advisory groups.
 To make essential courses of action for promulgation and exposure on issues
identifying with showcasing of agrarian produce.
 To allow subventions or credits to showcase boards of trustees.
 To mastermind and sort out the courses, workshops or displays regarding the
matters identifying with horticultural showcasing.
 To mastermind preparing to the individuals just as to the representatives of the
market boards.
 To do such different things as might be of general enthusiasm identifying with
showcasing of agrarian produce.
 To do some other capacity explicitly endowed to it by this demonstration.
 To do such different elements of like nature as might be endowed to it by state
government or like nature as might be depended to it by the state government.

Role of Marketing Committees

The activity of the market advisory groups which the Marketing Board controls is
essentially, the way in which any installment from the Market Fund is made, how its
records are kept and inspected or re-evaluated, its yearly, updated or beneficial
spending plan, appraisals of pay and use made, and gathering of yearly commitment.
"Anyway there is no arrangement of market advisory groups joining with the
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Marketing Boards. When the market council is informed by the administration, it is
naturally managed by the Director of Marketing and the Marketing Board," says Mr.
S.P. Sangle, overseeing executive.

Activities to Support Farmer

Maharashtra State Agricultural Marketing Board (MSAMB) embraces different
exercises to help singular ranchers. A portion of the exercises like sponsorship for
onion stockpiling structure, vow advance plan, encouraging issuance of Eurep Gap
authentication, advancement of fares, help the individual agriculturist fiscally. The
Board embraces the accompanying exercises:
Onion stockpiling structure: MSAMB gives endowment to the tune of Rs.500 per
M.T. for production of onion stockpiling structure (having limit of 5 M.T., 10 M.T.,
15 M.T., 20 M.T. 25 M.T. 50 M.T.). These capacity structures increment the
timeframe of realistic usability of onion and agriculturists bolstered monetarily.
Pledge credit plot: In the promise advance plan Agricultural Produce Market
Committees (APMCs) are given advance energize the capacity of rural produce of the
ranchers in the godown. The credit in this way verified by APMCs is passed on to the
individual rancher @ 6% which is given as development to him as indicated by the
common market cost of that product.

Constitution of Market Committee

The respectable target of guaranteeing a reasonable cost to ranchers, the Indian
government built up independent bodies called APMCs - or Agricultural Produce
Market Committees - in different parts of the nation. Each APMC is actually a unified
commercial center - a gathering point for venders, purchasers and specialists. The
advisory group is in charge of giving the required foundation just as forestalling out of
line exchange rehearses by functionaries.
APMCs direct the discount moving of farming produce in their characterized zone of
activity. The point of managing the market working was to present/build up an open
and straightforward exchanging condition wherein the dealers (who are for the most
part ranchers) would get their horticultural produce the market to move in open
closeouts. The total procedure of such deal including the closeout, weighment,
evaluating, installment and impermanent stockpiling at that point would be
constrained by a managing body spoken to by the fairly chosen individuals. In
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addition, even the conduct of the functionaries working in the market territory would
be intently checked. Refreshed data about the complete inflow of different farming
wares, their costs, month-wise interest/supply position would be effectively
accessible.
As circumstances are different and as India moves towards a more changed agri-
exchange condition, the APMCs are likewise step by step starting to reclassify their
goal as facilitators of exchange. Along these lines, some of them, for example, the
Mumbai APMC, Azadpur APMC (in Delhi) and Bangalore APMC have led the pack
in setting up present day foundation and offices, offering send out direction and
support, etc.
The previously mentioned APMCs are among the biggest in Indian APMCs, however
by a wide margin, Mumbai APMC is the biggest - in truth it is today the biggest
managed market in the entire of Asia.
Market Committee is a neighborhood body in the zone of its activity. Accordingly, a
specific zone it might be a taluka or a piece of a taluka or two talukas or part of one
taluka and part of the other is proclaimed as a market zone. Farming produce
advertise Committees are overseen by a market council, a corporate body containing
individuals speaking to different premiums associated with the deal and buy of
horticulture produce. Segment 11 of the Act accommodates foundation of Agriculture
produce showcase council for each market region, which is to be controlled and
overseen by a market board of trustees in which the enthusiasm of market
functionaries, for example, a maker dealer, merchants and hamals are spoken to.
There might be more than one market advisory group in a similar market territory,
however such market boards can't direct create. They should direct extraordinary
farming produce.
Segment 11 of the Act, expresses that for each market territory, there will be one
market council built up by the state Government. A market board of trustees
comprising of an administrator, a Vice-director and different individuals.
Appropriately, each of the twelve Agricultural Produce showcase Committees in the
region have their own market councils established for Management, according to the
arrangements of the Act. Every council comprises of 21 individuals as pursues-
a. Thirteen agriculturists living in the market region not being under 21 years old on
the date determined now and again by the Collector for the sake, nine of whom
will be chosen by individuals from the overseeing boards of trustees of the
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 agrarian credit social orders in the market zone, and four are chosen by individuals
from town panchayats working in that.
b. Two will be chosen by merchants and commission specialists holding liences to
work in that capacity in the market region.
c. One part will be chosen by hamals and weighmen working in that capacity in the
market region.
d. One will be the executive of the co-work social orders working together of
preparing or showcasing of agrarian produce in the market territory or in his
nonattendance an agent of the co-agent social orders chosen by its overseeing
board of trustees.
e. One will be the President of the Panchayat Samiti inside the ward of which the
central market is arranged or the delegate chosen by such nearby expert.
f. One of whom is the Deputy Regisrar of co-agent social orders of the locale or his
delegate.
g. One of whom is the District Agriculture Officer of the Department of Agriculture.

4.3 Market Committee - Powers and Duties

4.3.1 The Market Committee to provide for certain matters.
In the wake of paying all entireties to the Government, a Market Committee will, so
far as the assets available to its license, however subject to the arrangements of the
Act and these tenets, give –
1. for the support and enhancement of any walled in area or building which may
comprise the market;
2. for the development and fix of building, and other erection important with the end
goal of the market;
3. for endeavor advancements and for conveniences in the market;
4. for the wellbeing, comfort and security of the people utilizing the market;
5. for endeavor welfare exercises in light of a legitimate concern for the workers of
the Market Committee or of the agriculturists living in the market territory with
the past endorsement of the Director;
6. for endeavor purposeful publicity and advancement of showcasing of pronounced
rural produce;
7. for incidental costs not surpassing one percent of its absolute salary in a .year, so
anyway that such costs does not surpass rupees fifty at any given moment;
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8. for such different exercises as would be conductive to the facilitation of the
proficient working of promoting of announced agrarian produce in the market
zone; and
9. in admiration of deterioration on squandering resources claimed by the Market
Committee including dead stock, furnishings, apparatus, hardware and different
things.

4.3.2. Power to order production and power of entry, inspection and seizure of
documents.
(1) The Market Committee may approve by a goals go for that sake, an officer not
underneath the position of an Assistant Secretary of the Market Committee for
the motivations behind area 32 A.
(2) The officer so approved by the Market Committee will give a composed notice
to such individual for generation of the record before him or demonstrating the
longing to enter the premises for assessment or seizure of the record. The
officer will take alongwith him two panchas when he expects to grab the
record. (3) The officer so approved should give the individual from whom the
record is grabbed, a rundown of record seized, properly seen by the panchas
and marked by the individual from whom the record is seized, and where such
individual declines to sign the rundown, the reality will be recorded in the
panchanama.
(3) The officer will not hold the seized record for over fifteen days and will inside
that period, return the record to the individual as indicated by the rundown and
such individual will give a receipt for having gotten back the record seized and
where such individual declines to give a receipt, the reality will be recorded
before the panchas on the rundown itself.
(4) The officer will not stay at the premises longer than would normally be
appropriate.
(5) The officer will work out - the aforementioned controls just from dawn to
dusk.
(6) Papers just identifying with business in Agricultural Produce and installment
of market expense and installment of offer cost to venders will be requested to
be delivered or assessed or seized.

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 (7) The approved officer concerned will quickly give an answer to the Market
Committee and to the Director about the creation, examination or seizure of
the archives and his discoveries and the Secretary will put the report before the
following resulting meeting of the Market Committee.
(8) The Market Committee will before making any move based on the report as
referenced above call upon the individual by a notice to clarify why move
ought not be made against him and will give a conference to him.

4.3.3. Power to write-off loss shortage of fee etc., which is irrecoverable.

A Market Committee may discount hopeless duty, expenses or misfortunes as gave in
area 32B if -
(a) the measure of charges, contribution or misfortunes of estimation of mobile or
undaunted property which are hopeless is guaranteed to be irretrievable by the
Auditor of the Cooperation Department in his Audit Memo;
(b) the Market Committee has found a way to recuperate such sum from the
people worried as gave under segment 57, however has neglected to recoup
the equivalent and an answer with that impact has been gotten by it from the
Revenue Officer or Officer of the Court;
(c) the Market Committee has settled the obligation regarding the
misrepresentation or carelessness on the individual concerned and has found a
way to recoup the sum yet the sum couldn't be recuperated by the report of the
Revenue Officer or Officer of the Court and in the event that the individual
mindful is anofficer or a representative of the Market Committee, the Market
Committee has made suitable disciplinary move against him.

4.3.4. Power to make alternative arrangements during strike.

(1) The Market Committee will be able to make substitute courses of action amid a
strike by licensees or class of licensees for keeping the market running including
game plans to buy the farming produce got the market through Co-agent and
different organizations or without anyone else to the degree permitted by the
Director, issue of transitory permit to buyers or other market functionaries who
might be prepared to buy the produce or to render administrations including
taking care of, gauging and estimating ordinarily given by the licensees who
strike work masterminding capacity and warehousing of the horticultural
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 produce; orchestrating transport of the rural produce to and from the market;
orchestrating credit offices against the capacity of agrarian produce; going into
game plans with other Market Committee for transfer of the rural produce or
such different strides as it regards fit.
(2) The Market Committee will be skillful to suspend or drop the permit of the
licensee who strikes work or participates in the hit with an aim to disturb or stop
the working of the market.
(3) The Director will give quick help required by the Market Committee to keep the
market working amid strike.

4.3.5 Power to Take steps to Prevent Purchases of Agricultural Produce Below

the Support Price.
(1) The Market Committee will be skillful to make courses of action and to find a
way to forestall buys of rural produce in the market zone underneath the help cost
settled by the Government. For this reason, the officers and workers of the Market
Committee will keep a watch on the ii't deals - of agrarian produce in admiration
of which Government has announced help cost. The officer or the worker who
sees that the farming produce has been sold or is being sold at a value lower than
the help' cost, will forthwith convey the reality to the notice of the Secretary. The
Secretary will promptly make enquiries and make such preventive strides as he
regards fit and illuminate the Chairman.
(2) The Chairman will advise the Collector, the District Deputy Registrar of Co-agent
Societies and the neighborhood officer of the Agent selected by Government
about the reality of offers beneath help cost and the preventive advances taken by
the Secretary for this benefit and demand him to open a buy focus or to make
courses of action to buy the farming produce at help cost promptly by making
essential game plans for the reason. The Collector and the District Deputy
Registrar of Cooperative Societies will direct and help the nearby officer for this
benefit.
(3) It will be able for the Market Committee to suspend or drop the permit of the
individual who buys the agrarian produce underneath help cost in the event that he
is an authorized individual and to arraign him for contradiction of segments 6 and
7 of the Act in the event that he is definitely not an authorized person.]

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(a) Guidelines 94 A to 94 D embedded by Notification No. APM. 1088/6524/37-11-C
dated 7-6-1990.

4.3.6 Duties of the Market Committee.

A market Committee will outfit all the data which the Director or the officers
appropriately approved by him may require, notwithstanding the obligations endorsed
by the Act and the standard and bye-laws made thereunder, the Market Committee
will likewise be in charge of –
i. maintenance of appropriate keep an eye on all receipt and installment by its
officer;
ii. the appropriate execution of all works chargeable to the Market Fund.
iii. keeping a duplicate of the Act and of the guidelines and notifications
issued thereunder and of its bye-laws open to review free of charge at its office;
and [(iii-an) allocation of shops, celebrations, sheds, plots or any other
premises just for the reasons for deal and buy of horticultural produce or such
other reason straightforwardly or in a roundabout way associated with the deal
and buy of rural produce and not for some other reason, for example,
conveying clearance of alcohol, wine, lager, flavor or some other opiate
substance in discount or retail or for whatever other action which is against
open approach or open moral.]
iv. doing such different things as may, every now and then, be necessary for the
productive working of the Market Committee.
v. On disappointment of a Market Committee to outfit any data or profit for due
date, the Director may, subsequent to giving due notice to the Market
Committee, depute any individual working under him, to set up the arrival or
returns and submit it or them to him. The Chairman and the Secretary of the
Committee will outfit to such individual all data fundamental for getting ready
such return or returns. The costs acquired by the Director in getting such return
or data will be borne by the Market Committee and will be recoverable from
the Market Committee under segment 57.
vi. In instance of infringement of arrangement contained in provisions (I), (iii-an)
and (iv) of sub-rule (1) the Director will be skilled to find a way to avert or to
address such infringement in the wake of giving a chance of being heard to the
distressed party.]
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 Embedded by Notification No. APM. 1088/6524/37/11 - C dated 7-6-1990.

4.4 Chairman and Vice-Chairman

4.4.1. Term of office and casual vacancy in the office of the Chairman and Vice-
Chairman.
The Chairman and Vice-Chairman shall subject to the provisions of section 21, hold
office so long as they continue to hold office as members under sub-section (3) of
section 14.
4.4.2. Functions and powers of Chairman and Vice-Chairman.
The Chairman will assemble, manage at and lead gatherings of—
(a) Market Committee;
(b) have access to the records of a Market Committee;
(c) discharge all obligations forced and practice all forces gave on him by or
under the Act and the guidelines and bye-laws made thereunder;
(d) have authority over all officers and workers of the Market Committee
subject to these standards and to the headings, assuming any, given by the
Committee;
(e) supervise and control the execution of the considerable number of exercises
of the Market Committee: and
(f) Conduct or cause to be led correspondence and be in charge of the keeping
of records, for the dependable rendering of the records, reports and returns
and for the guardianship all things considered (other than those saved in the
treasury or with a bank endorsed by the Director).
(2) The Vice-Chairman will-
(a) In the nonappearance of a Chairman, direct at the gatherings of (Market
Committee;
(b) Exercise such of the forces and perform such of the obligations of the
Chairman as the Chairman may, subject to any bye-laws made by the
Market Committee for this sake, representative to him by a request
recorded as a hard copy.
(c) Pending the race of a Chairman, or amid the nonappearance of the
Chairman from the market zone, or by reason of leave got with the consent
of the Market Committee, practice the forces and play out the obligations
of the Chairman.
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4.4.3. Leave of absence to Chairman or Vice-Chairman.
(1) The Chairman or Vice-Chairman, on the off chance that he needs to
stay missing from any gathering of the Market Committee, or for a
period not surpassing thirty days in the total in a year will, at the latest
the date settled for that gathering or as the case might be whenever
before the date of the leave requested, apply to the Committee for leave.
+[ - ]
(2) The Market Committee may, by at goals go for that sake, give the
Chairman or Vice-Chairman the leave connected for.
(3) Any nonappearance from the gathering of a Market Committee without
consent acquired as per the arrangements of this standard will, for the
motivations behind segment 24, be regarded to be nonattendance from
the gatherings of the Committee without its leave.

4.5 Secretary : The Executive Officer of the Market Committee

The powers and duties of the secretary are very important as per the Maharashtra
Agriculture Produce Market Committee Act 1963. He is chief executive officer
working under the control of chairman. His power and duties are as follows-
Duties of Secretary
1. He is the CEO in charge of the administration of the market under the supervision
of market board of trustees and under disciplinary control of executive.
2. Policy making and its execution are two distinct sides of any organization. Market
panel outlines the approach and the secretary should execute it.
3. He must direct correspondence with the branch of agrarian promoting
Government offices, merchants, agriculturist and so on.
4. He is in charge of keeping the records of the market Committee.
5. He needs to assemble the conferences of market board.
6. He should gather, keep up and propagate advertising insights and knowledge.
Powers of Secretary
1. He is enabled to set out the obligations of every single subordinate officer and
workers of the market board of trustees.
2. To exercise authority over them.
3. He is engaged to have care of the considerable number of papers and reports of
market panel.
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4. He can go to the gathering of market board.
The Secretary is a worker of the market board of trustees and he should release his
forces and obligations inside the structure of the Act, rules and by-laws of the market
Committee.

4.6 Marketing Activities or Functions

Showcasing exercises incorporate "those business exercises engaged with the stream
of merchandise and ventures from generation to utilization." The investigation of
advertising includes playing out the different promoting capacities and of the
progressions that are oftentimes occurring in the strategy of a market. The different
showcasing capacities might be quickly depicted as under-
1. Moving
Moving is the individual or generic procedure of helping a forthcoming client to
purchase an item or administration or to follow up on a thought. It is a costly and
troublesome capacity to perform. In nowadays of rivalry to move merchandise at a
benefit is a mindful assignment. The dealer needs to make an interest for his items. He
can not do this except if he is in a situation to persuade the purchasers of the utility of
his products and offers them at such costs as are inside the limit of the vast majority
of the purchasers.
2. Purchasing or Assembling
Purchasing or collecting is an essential promoting movement under present day states
of creation and utilization. The motivation behind amassing is to unite wares where
they are needed either for use underway or for utilization. The article is accomplished
through the endeavors of representatives and purchasers. The items required originate
from dissipated territories of generation. To make them accessible for use they should
be searched out and united in convenient parcels or quality or assortment required.
3. Traffic Management
Traffic the board is a course and control of all major physical developments of
merchandise all through the advertising procedure. In present day life the
administration associated with the development of items from the wellsprings of their
creation to the spots of utilization has expected extraordinary significance. Usually
learning that enhanced and created methods for transport make conceivable vast
markets, huge scale generation and specialization in industry. Enhancement in the
methods for transport has enormously aided an expansion in the assortment of
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merchandise for utilization and has diminished their expense to the purchaser by
expanding the speed of their dissemination.
4. Capacity
"Capacity is an advertising capacity which includes holding and saving of
merchandise between the period from their creation and their utilization". Capacity
makes it workable for merchandise that are created amid specific seasons to be
utilized consistently. Transient wares can along these lines be saved for moderately
significant lots and items can likewise be kept down for more expensive rate.
5. Financing
"Financing is the arrangement and the executives of the cash and credit important to
get products from the maker in the hands of the shopper." Modern advertising
requires impressive assets in materials, land and men and tremendous amounts of
merchandise would require to be held away for some time later. To satisfy these needs
supply of assets is vital and the methods by which the essential assets are made
accessible to the monetary framework is known as financing. Financing is an
imperative showcasing capacity which is vital on the grounds that purchasing,
stockpiling, transport or exchange of possession requires some investment. Credit
facilities are given by business or co-agent banks or rebate houses or brokers
themselves so as to guide the stream of merchandise to a definitive client or customer.
6. Hazard Management
"Hazard Management is the suspicion or shirking of the peril of losing financial
estimation of merchandise amid the way toward advertising them." The entire
showcasing process by methods for which the products are moved from the maker to
the customer includes risk. The chance is borne by the individuals who partake in
promoting and especially by the individuals who possess the merchandise. Danger of
misfortune may emerge by virtue of flame, flood, burglary, crumbling, terrible
obligations or value changes or different elements that are outside the ability to
control of the person. Therefore, chance is widespread. The methods by which their
dangers are guaranteed against or limited or diminished or moved and borne is a vital
part of advertising.
7. Institutionalization
1) "Institutionalization includes as far as possible or grades and. 2. The foundation of
model procedures and strategies for creating, taking care of and moving merchandise
and ventures." Before products are put available they should be cleaned, put away,
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reworked into uniform sorts, characteristics and sizes and legitimately stuffed and
marked. The Agricultural Promoting Advisor to the Government of India and the
showcasing staff in the states have been making endeavors to review. The
accompanying sorts of items viz. natural products, vegetables, eggs, dairy produce,
oilseeds rice and so on.
In this manner through different procedure or exercises it winds up conceivable to put
merchandise inside the scope of the buyers who need them and accordingly promoting
serves, as it were, in the fulfillment of human needs.

4.7 Role of Maharashtra State Agricultural Marketing Board

Introduction:
This subject covers a short dialog of the job of Maharashtra State Agricultural
Marketing Board (M.S.A.M.B.) The Maharashtra State Agricultural Marketing Board,
Pune was built up on 23rd March 1984,as per the arrangement of {Clause No. 39 (A)}
Maharashtra Agricultural Produce Marketing (Regulation) Act of 1963.
(1) The State Government may, for coordinating the exercises of market councils
and for practicing such different powers and performing such capacities as are
given or endowed under this Act, by warning in the Official Gazette, build up,
with impact from such date as might be determined in such notice, a state
Agricultural Marketing Board to be called " The Maharashtra State
Agricultural Marketing Board."
(2) The State Marketing Board will be a body corporate by the name previously
mentioned and will have unending progression and a typical seal, and may in
its corporate name sue and be sued and will be skillful to contract, get and
hold property, both moveable and unfaltering, and to do every single other
thing fundamental for the reasons for which it is set up.
(3) Notwithstanding anything contained in any law, for the present in power, the
State Marketing Board will, for all reasons for existing, be considered to be a
neighborhood specialist.
4.7.1 Constitution of State Marketing Board (Section 39 - B)
The State Marketing Board shall consist of the following members, that to say -
i) The Minister for Co-operation ex. Officio Chairman
ii) The Minister of State for ex. Officio
Co-operation Vice- Chairman
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iii) The Commissioner for ex. Officio Member
Co-operation and Registrar of
Co-operative Societies,
Maharashtra State, Pune.
iv) The Director of Agriculture, ex. Officio Member
Maharashtra State, Pune.
v) One representative of the ex. Officio Member
National Bank of Agricultural
and Rural Development
(NABARD), to be nominated
by the state Government.
vi) The Agricultural Marketing ex. Officio Member
Advisor to the Government of
India, or his representative.
vii) Members, not exceeding six, Members;
to be nominated by the State
Government from amongst
the Chairman of the Market
Committees, one each from the
six revenue divisions.
viii)The Chairman, the Maharashtra Member;
State Market Committees
Co-operative Federation
Limited, Pune
ix) The Director of Agricultural Member and the
Marketing,Maharashtra
Managing Director
State, Pune
Explanation : For the purposes, the expression “member” means a member
of the state Marketing Board.

4.7.2 Objectives
According to the arrangements of Maharashtra Agricultural Produce Marketing
(Regulation) Act, 1963, Section 39 (J), the goals of the board are as per the following:
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 1) To co-ordinate the working of market boards of trustees including the projects
attempted by such market panels for advancement of their business sectors and
market territories.
2) To attempt state level getting ready for the advancement of Agricultural
Produce Markets.
3) To keep up and control "Horticultural Market Development Fund".
4) To offer guidance to advertise advisory groups by and large and/or to any
market board of trustees specifically with the end goal of guaranteeing
enhancement in the working thereof.
5) To oversee and guide the market board in the arrangement of plans and gauges
of development program embraced by market advisory groups.
6) To make important game plans for promulgation and exposure on issues
identifying with promoting of agrarian produce.
7) To concede subventions or advances to advertise boards for the reasons for
this Act on such terms and conditions as it might decide.
8) To orchestrate and sort out Seminars, Workshops, or Exhibitions on subjects
identifying with Agricultural Marketing.
9) To do such different things as might be of general enthusiasm identifying with
showcasing of horticultural produce.
10) To complete some other capacity explicitly depended to it by this
demonstration
11) To do such different elements of like nature as might be depended to it by the
state Government.

4.7.3 Functions
1. Co-appointment of the distinctive Market Committees.
2. And perform such capacities as are depended to it by the State Government for
the advertising of agrarian Produce and facilate the agriculturist to show signs of
improvement cost for its produce.
3. For working of this board agrarian improvement showcase support is build up
(S.39-L). All the farming produce showcase panels will contribute 10% of its
gross yearly salary, this is the real wellspring of the pay of the board. The store
will be spent for such work as is expressed in S.39-N.

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4.7.4 Officers and Servants of State Marketing Board (Section 39 - C)
(1) Subject to the superintendence of the State Marketing Board, the managing
Director shall function as the chief executive officer of the State Marketing
Board.
(2) The State Marketing Board shall appoint such other officers and servants
under the supervision and control of the Managing Director as it may
consider necessary for the efficient discharge of its duties and functions
under this act.
4.7.5 Regulations (Section 39 -K)
(1) The State Marketing Board may, with the past endorsement of the State
Government, make controls, not conflicting with this Act and standards made
thereunder, for the organization of its issues.
(2) In specific and without bias to the sweeping statement of the previous power, such
controls may accommodate all or any of the accompanying issues, in particular :-
(a) The calling and holding of gatherings of the State Marketing Board, the time
and date when such gatherings are to be held, the lead of business at such
gatherings and the quantity of people important to frame a majority thereat;
(b) The forces and obligations, the compensations and stipends and different
states of administration of officers and different workers of the State
Marketing Board;
(c) The executives of the properties of the State Marketing Board;
(d) The support of records and the arrangement of asset report and other budget
summaries;
(e) Any other issue for which arrangement is to be or might be required to be
made in the controls for completing the elements of the State Marketing
Board under this Act.
4.7.6 Establishment and Administration of Agricultural Marketing Development
Fund (Section 39-L):
1. A reserve to be classified "the Agricultural Marketing Development Fund" is
therefore settled, which will be kept up and managed by the State Market
Board.
2. The after will frame some portion of, or be paid into, the Agricultural
Marketing Development Fund (hereinafter called "the Development Fund"),
specifically :-
88 | P a g e
 (a) All commitments gotten by the State Marketing Board from the Market
Committees under sub-area (2) of Section 37;
(b) All commitments, allows or credits made or authorized to the State
Marketing Board by the State Government;
(c) Any totals acquired by the State Marketing Board, with the
authorizations of the State Government;
(d) All salary or cash gotten by the State Marketing Board from some other
source at all, including pay from expenses or charges exacted by it or
gifts or gives got from any neighborhood experts, advertise advisory
groups or different foundations and people;
(e) Such different entireties as the State Government may, now and again,
indicate.
3. All use brought about by the State Marketing Board will, now and again, be
met out of the Development support, and the surplus assuming any, will be put
by the State Marketing Board openly securities or will be stored in any,
booked bank as characterized in the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934, or in a
co-agent bank affirmed by the State Government for this reason.

4.7.7 Power of State Marketing Board to Borrow (Section 39 - M)

Subject to such conditions as might be endorsed, the State Marketing Board may, to
provide itself with satisfactory assets, get cash in the open market by issue of ensured
or unguaranteed securities, debentures, stocks or something else, or acquire cash from
any planned banks, or from such different banks or money related organizations as are
affirmed, every once in a while, by the State Government.

4.7.8 Utilization of the Development Fund (Section 39 N.)

(1) The State Marketing Board may use the Development Fund for release of its
capacities under this Act.
(2) Without bias to the all inclusive statement of the prior arrangement, the State
Marketing Board may use the Development Fund for the accompanying
purposes, to be specific :-
(i) Payment of authoritative consumption of the State Marketing Board;
(ii) Payment of making a trip and different recompenses to its individuals;
(iii) Payment of legitimate costs brought about;
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 (iv) Financial help to Market Committees as credit or allow for procurement
of land for foundation of market yard or for developing framework
offices in the market region;
(v) Propaganda and exposure on issues identifying with showcasing of rural
produce;
(vi) Training of officers and staff of the Market Committee and the State
Marketing Board;
(vii) Imparting training in advertising of rural produce;
(viii) Organizing or organizing workshops, classes or displays on
improvement of showcasing of farming produce;
(ix) General upgrades of the control of advertising in the State;
(x) Providing specialized and legitimate help to the market boards of
trustees;
(xi) Any different purposes essential for execution of the capacities allocated
to the State Marketing Board under this Act or as coordinated by the
State Government.
State Marketing Board is a body corporate framed by the correcting Act No.10 of
1984. The league of the Market Committees is through and through an alternate body
from the state promoting board, which is a statutory body consolidated by the APMC
Act. S.39-B of the Act indicates the constitution; there is overseeing chief who will
work as a CEO. He will under the superintendence and control of the State Marketing
Board. This body is likewise a neighborhood expert for the motivations behind the
Marketing of Agricultural produce in the territory of Maharashtra.
References:-
1. Aad Van Tilburg (2005) Agricultural Markets Beyond Liberalization
Springer Netherlands ISBN 0792378555
2. Awadhesh Kumar Singh (2005) Rural Marketing: Indian Perspective New
Age International.
3. Arsiema Girmay Gebreselassie (2005) Problems and Prospectus of
Agricultural Marketing Information VDM Verlag ISBN 3639238834
4. B Harriss White (2005) Agricultural Markets from Theory to Practice
Bertrams Print On Demand ISBN 0333732278
5. Barbara Harriss White (2007) Rural Commercial Capital: Agricultural
Markets in West Bengal Oxford University Press, USA ISBN 0195691598
90 | P a g e
6. David Colman, Trevor Young, Alan Buckwell (1998) Principles of
Agricultural Economics: Markets and Prices in Less Developed Countries
Cambridge University Press ISBN 0521336643
7. Donald Dewey Microeconomics: The analysis of prices and markets Oxford
University Press ISBN195018281
8. F Bailey Norwood (2005) Agricultural Marketing and Price Analysis Prentice
Hall ISBN 0132211211
9. George Angell (2007) Agricultural Options: Trading Puts and Calls in the
New Grain and Livestock Futures Markets ISBN 0930233468
10. Hanumantha Rao Ch (2001) Indian Economy And Society In The Era Of
Globalization And Liberalization.
11. James Vercammen (2004) Agricultural Marketing: Structural Models for
Price Analysis Routledge ISBN 0415480442
12. John Cave Abbott (1987) Agricultural Marketing Enterprises for the
Developing World: With Case Studies of Indigenous Private, Transnational
Co- Operative and Parastatal Enterp Cambridge University Press ISBN 0521339081
13. Lowell D Hill (2008) Developing the Regulatory Environment for
Competitive Agricultural Markets World Bank Publications ISBN 0821331159
14. Mary E Lassanyi (2004) Agricultural Marketing Directory for U. S. & Africa
Trade Diane Pub Co ISBN 0788144790
15. P Farris (2001) Future Frontiers in Agricultural Marketing Research Iowa
State Pr ISBN 0813805600
16. Pasquale Scandizzo (2009) Risky Agricultural Markets: Price Forecasting
ISBN 0865318492
and the Need for Intervention Policies Westview Pr (Short Disc)
17. Ramkishen Y (2006) New Perspectives in Rural & Agricultural Marketing
Jaico Publishing House ISBN 8179920852
18. Rajagopal (2008) Indian Rural Marketing Rawat Books ISBN 8170332141
19. Richard Duncan Editor (2008) Agricultural Futures and Options:
Understanding and Implementing Trades on the North American and
European Markets McGraw-Hill Trade ISBN 0071349227
20. Vijaya Kumar A (2000) Indian Rural Marketing In Liberalised Era
AUTHORS PRESS

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 CHAPTER – V
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL POSITIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE
MARKET COMMITTEES
This chapter aims at analyzing the data collected under different heads in
respect with three important parts related to Agricultural Produce Market
Committees-the Board of Directors, the Accounts/ Finance officers and the traders
and commission agents. For the convenience of analysis, the chapter is classified into
three parts which are as follows –
1. Part I - Analysis of the findings related to the financial analysis of selected
APMC for the study.
2. Part II – Important findings related to Board of Directors - viz; chairman and
secretary.
3. Part III- Analysis of the findings related to traders and commission agents.

Part I: Report of The Financial Analysis of the Agricultural Produce Market

Committees (Junnar, Ambegaon, Khed and Shirur Taluka).
Financial Management is the specialized function of general management which is
related to the procurement of finance and its effective utilization for the achievement
of common goal of the organisation. It includes each and every aspect of financial
activity in the business.
Financial Management has been defined differently by different scholars. A few of
the definitions are being reproduced below:
“Financial Management is an area of financial decision making harmonizing
individual motives and enterprise goals.”- Weston and Brigam.
“Financial Management is the application of the planning and control functions to the
finance function.”- Howard and Upton.
“Financial Management is the operational activity of a business that is responsible for
obtaining and effectively, utilizing the funds necessary for efficient operations.”-
Joseph and Massie.
Taking a commercial business as the most common organisational structure, the key
objectives of financial management would be to:
• Create wealth for the business
• Generate cash, and

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• Provide an adequate return on investment bearing in mind the risks that the business
is taking and the resources invested
There are three key elements to the process of financial management:

Financial Planning
Management need to ensure that enough funding is available at the right time to meet
the needs of the business. In the short term, funding may be needed to invest in
equipment and stocks, pay employees and fund sales made on credit.
In the medium and long term, funding may be required for significant additions to the
productive capacity of the business or to make acquisitions.
Financial Control
Financial control is a critically important activity to help the business ensure that the
business is meeting its objectives. Financial control addresses questions such as:
 Are assets being used efficiently?
 Are the businesses assets secure?
 Do management act in the best interest of shareholders and in accordance with
business rules?
Financial Decision-making
The key aspects of financial decision-making relate to investment, financing and
dividends:
 Investments must be financed in some way – however there are always
financing alternatives that can be considered. For example it is possible to
raise finance from selling new shares, borrowing from banks or taking credit
from suppliers
 A key financing decision is whether profits earned by the business should be
retained rather than distributed to shareholders via dividends. If dividends are
too high, the business may be starved of funding to reinvest in growing
revenues and profits further.

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Table No 5.1
Statement Showing Market Fees of Selected APMC in Pune District
Sr. No. Year Khed Ambegaon Shirur Junnar Average
(Area wise)

1 2009-10 64,41,647 27,55,346 26,28,134 31,41,518 37,41,661

2 2010-11 69,48,222 27,53,931 25,40,403 30,90,341 38,33,224

3 2011-12 64,58,474 42,14,250 39,00,316 43,42,200 47,28,809

4 2012-13 62,54,064 51,11,002 46,96,595 51,65,914 53,06,893

5 2013-14 59,39,208 49,05,120 48,15,309 55,42,505 53,00,535

6 2014-15 66,50,319 58,01,681 52,97,328 56,06,431 58,38,939

7 2015-16 72,04,365 65,04,015 59,34,198 62,58,059 64,75,159

8 2016-17 78,05,989 69,43,312 65,35,501 66,85,935 69,92,684
9 2017-18 90,13,537 76,98,301 72,58,619 74,21,983 78,58,110
Source: - Field Survey (2017-18)
The table 6.1 shows the market fees of the selected APMC in Pune district, it can be

seen from the above table that the highest market fees of Khed Agricultural Produce

Market Committee was Rs. 90,13,537 in market year 2017-18 and the lowest market

fees was Rs. 59,39,208 in the year 2013-14. The highest market fees of Ambegaon

Agricultural Produce Market Committee was Rs. 76,98,301/- for the year 2017-18 &

the lowest market fees was Rs. 27,53,931/- for the year 2010-11. The highest market

fees of Shirur Agricultural Produce Market Committee was Rs 72,58,619/- for the

year 2017-18 and the lowest market fees was Rs. 25,40,403/- for the year 2010-11.

The highest market fees of Junnar Agricultural Produce Market Committee was Rs.

74,21,983/- for the year 2017-18 and the lowest market fees was Rs. 30,90,341/- for

the year 2010-11.

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Table 5.2
Statement Showing Rates of Hamali and Weighment Charges of the selected
APMC in Pune district
Sr. Khed Ambegaon Junnar Shirur
Product
No Hamali Weighment Hamali Weighment
1 Onion 0.70 0.40 0.75 0.50
Chilies
2 0.70 0.40 0.75 0.50 Hamali Hamali
(Red)
Rate Rate
Potato-
3 0.70 0.40 0.75 0.50 Rs.1 .75 Rs.1 .25
garlic
(25 Kg), (25 Kg),
Groundnut-
Rs 1.25 Rs 1.00
4 shelled And 0.70 0.40 0.75 0.50
(Per Bag) (Per Bag)
Unshelled
Rs. 2.50 Rs. 2.00
Bajri-mug-
5 0.70 0.40 0.75 0.50 (Perquinta) (Perquinta)
udid
Weighment Weighment
Fresh
Rate Re. Rate Re.
Vegetables
6 0.60 0.40 0.75 0.50 0.50 (up to 0.50 (up to
Methi,
25 kg), 25 kg),
Coriander
Rs. 0.80 Rs. 0.60
Gawar,
(Per Bag) (Per Bag)
Cauliflower,
Rs. 1.25 Rs. 1.00
Ladies
(Per (Per
7 Finger, 0.60 0.40 0.75 0.50
quintal) quintal)
Bean,
Surcharge Surcharge
Tomato,
Add 30% Add 30%
Chilies
Wheat,
8 Paddy, 0.70 0.40 0.75 0.50
Jawar
Source: - Compiled from the Annual Administrative of respective APMC (2008 to
2018)
It is observed from the table 5.2 that the rates of hamali (unskilled labour charges) and
weighment is differ in four Agricultural Produce Market Committees. In the case of

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 onion and potato rate of hamali in Khed Agricultural Produce Market Committee is
lower than other two Agricultural Produce Market Committees. It can be observed
that the rates of hamali and weighment are different not only in terms of money but
also in terms of bags and items. It is therefore recommendable that the variations in
the rate should be controlled and uniFromity of rates should be observed.
PERMANENT FUND / MARKET FUND
This fund is generated by capitalizing the net income i.e. surplus under the head
permanent fund. The asset transferred under this head mostly consists of land,
building, investment and deposit in banks owned by the Agricultural Produce Market
Committees. The Agricultural Produce Market Committees may spend this fund on
certain purpose of a capital nature which are shown on the asset side of the Balance
Sheet. These expenditure purposes include the acquisition of sites for market,
construction of buildings for market purpose, maintenance, development and
improvement of the market and the purpose of necessary items like furniture etc.

Table No 5.3
Statement Showing Permanent Fund of the selected APMC in Pune District

Year Khed (Rs) % Ambegaon % Junnar % Shirur %

(Rs)
2009-10 3,08,79,666 11.82 16,80,027 8.28 1,31,94,195 5.55 14,40,403 7.89
2010-11 3,37,18,857 9.19 25,84,888 53.86 1,44,69,352 9.66 23,50,463 45.26
2011-12 3,46,67,671 2.81 23,78,200 -8.00 1,62,43,968 12.26 24,15,859 56.23
2012-13 3,57,69,679 3.81 23,86,169 9.45 1,69,28,619 14.23 24,19,767 49.23
2013-14 3,79,79,134 10.56 24,03,901 12.56 1,76,50,037 15.45 24,21,927 89.36
2014-15 3,95,39,637 12.58 24,18,739 78.00 1,88,63,813 16.25 24,34,015 45.12
2015-16 4,04,68,157 9.25 24,27,467 45.01 2,00,69,953 85.23 24,58,661 78.26
2016-17 4,17,40,209 14.25 24,35,853 89.25 2,18,85,859 24.94 24,95,997 89.66
4,41,23,459 16.23 24,38,101 48.23 2,21,23,600 45.63 25,06,253 65.12
2017-18
Source: - Compiled from the Annual Administrative report of respective APMC
(2009 to 2018)
As the table 5.3 indicates that there has been a steady increase in the permanent fund
of the four sample Agricultural Produce Market Committees every year. It is observed
that the financial position of the three Agricultural Produce Market committees is

96 | P a g e
sound and that they had no loan outstanding during the period of study under
consideration. These agricultural produce market committees have generated
mobilized resources and have become self-sufficient. The percentage in average of
Khed Agricultural Produce Market Committees and junnar Agricultural Produce
Market Committees respectively shows that they are financially strong and can make
further development.
Table No 5.4
Statement Showing Income, Expenditure and Surplus of Khed Agriculture
Produce Market Committee

Year Income Expenditure Surplus

2009-10 94,66,804 66,27,606 28,39,198

2010-11 86,03,159 76,54,344 09,48,815

2011-12 85,85,100 76,37,494 09,47,606

2012-13 86,96,001 77,04,559 09,41,442

2013-14 98,40,315 77,61,767 20,78,548

2014-15 98,52,096 76,40,559 22,11,537

2015-16 98,69,701 77,49,638 21,20,063

2016-17 1,02,80,485 77,98,547 24,81,938

2017-18 1,03,14,419 76,75,935 26,38,484

Source: - Compiled From the Annual Administrative report of Khed APMC (2009 to 2018)
The financial position of the committee is sound; It was always in surplus during the
study period. As we can see from the above table that the highest income of khed
Agricultural Produce Market Committees was Rs. 1,03,14,419 with Rs. 26,38,484
surplus in the year 2017-18. The lowest income of the khed Agricultural Produce
Market Committees was Rs. 85,85,100 and there was a surplus of Rs. 09,47,606 in the
year 2011-12. so It is observed from the study period that the income of the khed
Agricultural Produce Market Committees has been increased and also the expenditure
has been steady which shows that the khed Agricultural Produce Market Committees
has strong financial position.

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Table No 5.5
Statement Showing Income Expenditure and Surplus of Ambegaon Agriculture
Produce Market Committee

Year Income Expenditure Surplus

2009-10 41,09,521 22,30,717 18,78,804

2010-11 57,33,858 31,57,761 25,76,097

2011-12 68,08,802 39,04,708 29,04,094

2012-13 68,15,001 43,39,953 24,75,048

2013-14 79,85,519 50,55,758 29,29,761

2014-15 90,82,353 54,52,134 36,30,219

2015-16 93,99,997 58,83,253 35,16,744

2016-17 98,71,537 70,15,959 28,55,578

2017-18 1,05,02,759 81,90,559 23,12,200

Source: - Compiled from the Annual Administrative report of Ambegaon APMC (2008 to 2018)
The financial position of the committee is sound; It was always in surplus during the
study period. As we can see from the above table that the highest income of
Ambegaon Agricultural Produce Market Committees was Rs. 1,05,02,759 with Rs.
23,12,200 surplus in the year 2017-18. The lowest income of the Ambegaon
Agricultural Produce Market Committees was Rs. 41,09,521 and there was a surplus
of Rs. 18,78,804 in the year 2009-10. It is observed from the study period that the
income of the Ambegaon Agricultural Produce Market Committee has been increased
and also the expenditure has been steady which shows that the Ambegaon
Agricultural Produce Market Committee has strong financial position.
Table No 5.6
Statement Showing Income Expenditure and Surplus of Junnar Agriculture
Produce Market Committee.

Year Income Expenditure Surplus

2009-10 54,43,049 1,03,39,625 -48,96,576

2010-11 70,39,465 57,64,308 12,75,157

2011-12 74,59,060 64,11,754 10,47,306

2012-13 76,72,953 64,23,397 12,49,556

2013-14 79,69,789 65,39,901 14,29,888

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 2014-15 87,42,967 67,26,905 20,16,062

2015-16 87,96,097 68,11,337 19,84,760

2016-17 93,99,659 69,81,859 24,17,800

Source: - Compiled From the Annual Administrative report of Junnar APMC (2009 to 2017)
The financial position of the committee is sound; It was always in surplus during the
study period. As we can see from the above table that the highest in come of Junnar
Agricultural Produce Market Committees was Rs. 93,99,659 with Rs. 24,17,800
surplus in the year 2016-17. The lowest income of the Junnar Agricultural Produce
Market Committees was Rs. 54,43,049 and there was a surplus of Rs. -48,96,576 in
the year 2009-10. So It is observed from the study period that the income of the
Junnar Agricultural Produce Market Committees has been increased and also the
expenditure has been steady which shows that the Junnar Agricultural Produce
Market Committees has strong financial position.
Table No 5.7
Statement Showing Income Expenditure and Surplus of Shirur Agriculture
Produce Market Committee

Year Income Expenditure Surplus

2009-10 4,76,492 6,41,921 -1,65,429

2010-11 5,92,252 6,32,996 -40717

2011-12 10,11,481 6,04,708 04,06,773

2012-13 13,15,001 10,39,953 02,75,048

2013-14 21,55,519 17,55,758 03,99,761

2014-15 24,82,353 11,62,134 13,20,219

2015-16 38,99,997 25,83,253 13,16,744

2016-17 54,71,537 37,15,959 17,55,578

2017-18 56,60,195 38,46,178 18,14,017

Source: - Compiled From the Annual Administrative report of Shirur APMC (2009 to 2018)
The financial position of the committee is not that much sound as compared to the
other APMC selected for the purpose of the study from the Pune district; It was not
always in surplus during the study period the first three year of the period of the study
saw that the APMC was in deficit. As we can see from the above table that the highest
income of shirur Agricultural Produce Market Committees was Rs. 56,60,195 with
Rs. 18,14,017 surplus in the year 2017-18. The lowest income of the Shirur

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Agricultural Produce Market Committees was Rs. 4,76,492 and there was a deficit of
Rs. -1,65,429 in the year 2009-10.
Table No 5.8
Showing Grade as per Income Level of Selected APMC in pune District
Year Khed Ambegaon Junnar Shirur

2009-10 B C C C

2010-11 B C C C

2011-12 B C B C

2012-13 B C B C

2013-14 B B B C

2014-15 B B B C

2015-16 B B A B

2016-17 A B A B

2017-18 A B A B
Source: - Compiled From the Annual Administrative report of Shirur APMC (2009 to 2018)
We can see from the table 5.8 the grade as per the income level of the respective
APMC selected for the purpose of the study, the finding shows that all the APMC has
good income of till one crore and also the two out of four APMC has income of more
than crore.

PART II: REPORT OF THE MANAGEMENT (BOD) CHAIRMAN AND

SECRETARY OF THE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE MARKET
COMMITTEES (JUNNAR, AMBEGAON, KHED AND SHIRUR TALUKA.
The Agricultural Produce Market Committee in Maharashtra in general and the Pune
district in particular are governed by the Board of Directors which includes Chairman
and Secretary. These members of management of the Agricultural Produce Market
Committee are important because they are the policy makers, organizers, direction
givers and regulators. The BODS are therefore the trend - setters in the case of
Agricultural Produce Market Committee and so their study from different views
becomes important. The researcher would like to make it clear at this point that he has
made the sample survey of only three selected Agricultural Produce Market
Committees. i.e. Khed, Ambegaon and Junnar. The researcher has made this selection
owing to the time constrain and the vast range of the topic. It would be very difficult

100 | P a g e
to deal with all 12 Agricultural Produce Market Committees in the Pune district. The
selection gives scope for concentrated and deep study and fairly accurate
observations. The researcher has made the survey of the important aspects of the topic
like general management, sales or marketing management, personnel management
and financial management. For the sake of convenience, the questionnaires are
prepared for the joint response from the chairman and secretary, since these two
persons take active part in Agricultural Produce Market Committee and responsible
representatives of the entire proceedings of Agricultural Produce Market Committee.

ESTABLISHMENT OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE MARKET

COMMITEES.
Agricultural Produce Market Committees were registered as per ‘The Bombay
Agriculture Produce Market Act 1939’. The inFromation regarding the year of
establishment of the Agricultural Produce Market Committees is given below
Table No 5.9
Establishment of Sample Agricultural Produce
Market Committees.
Year of Establishment No. of APMCs Percentage
1941 - 50 2 66.67%
1951 60 .
1961 - 70 1 33,33%
1971 - 80 .1 .
1981 - 90 - .
1991 - 2000 - -
Total 04 100%
Source:- Field Survey (2017-18)
Table 5.9 highlights that two Agricultural Produce Market
Committees (66.67%) were established between the period
1941-1950 i.e. Khed and Ambegaon (Manchar) Agricultural Produce
Market Committee, while one Agricultural Prodube Market
Committee (33.33%) was established between the period 1961-70
(i.e. Junnar Agricultural Produce Market Committee).

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INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES
Agricultural Produce Market Committees as the regulating body of the agriculture
marketing sector should provide infrastructural facilities like public sanitation, office
building and other required amenities to the market functionaries like farmers, tradd[s
etc. These facilities are important for the facilitation and comfort of the users and they
also help to increase the standard of living of the concerned people. Below given is
the table which statistically indicates the infrastructural facilities provided by the
Agricultural Produce Market Committee.
Table No 5.10
Infrastructure Facilities in the Selected Sample Agricultural Produce Market
Committees.
Sr. No. Particulars Khed Ambegaon Junnar Shirur

1 Sanitation Yes Yes Yes Yes

2 Drinking Water Yes Yes Yes Yes

3 Office Building Yes Yes Yes Yes

4 Entertainment Facility Yes Yes Yes Yes

5 Storage Yes Yes Yes Yes

6 Farmers Residence Yes Yes No No

7 Market Price Board Yes Yes Yes Yes

8 Telephone Yes Yes Yes Yes

9 Post Office No No No No

10 Drainage Yes Yes Yes Yes

11 Internal Roads Yes Yes Yes Yes

12 Lights Yes Yes Yes Yes

13 Rest House Yes Yes No No

14 Sheds Yes Yes Yes Yes

15 Open Ground Yes Yes Yes Yes

16 Parking Yes Yes Yes Yes

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17 Cattle Market Yes Yes Yes Yes

18 Gate Check Post Yes Yes Yes Yes

19 Bank No Yes Yes No

20 Gradation Unit No No Yes No

21 Computer Facility Yes Yes Yes Yes

22 Cold Store No No No No

23 Canteen Yes Yes Yes Yes

24 Staff Quarters No No No No

25 Market Information Centre Yes Yes Yes Yes

26 Internet Facility Yes Yes Yes Yes

27 Fax Facility No No No No

28 Notice Board Yes Yes Yes Yes

29 Grievance Sub. Committee Yes Yes Yes Yes

30 Laboratories No No No No

(Source:- Field Survey 2017-18)

The table 5.10 shows the the infrastructural facilities provided by the sample
Agricultural Produce Market Committees. There are 30 classified items of facilities in
the table out of which 5 important facilities are not provided by the Agricultural
Produce Market Committees. These facilities are, cold store, Laboratories, fax
facility, post office, and staff quarters. Rest of the facilities are normally provided by
the Agricultural Produce Market Committees.
But it should be noted here that basic facilities which the sampled Agricultural
Produce Market Committees claimed to be providing are below the required mark of
satisfaction. In practice, in most of the Agricultural Produce Market Committees
observed so far, these facilities are not properly monitored and maintained and in
some cases they are not available.

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NATURE AND CLASSIFICATION OF MEMBERSHIP
Agricultural Produce Market Committee shall be deemed for all purposed to be local
authorities. Their membership procedure is altogether different from the co-operative
societies. Here the membership is regulated by the Maharashtra Agricultural Produce
Marketing Act, 1963. All the farmers who are the holders of 7/12 are directly the
Members of Agricultural Produce Market Committee. However, these members are
not entitled the right of voting in the Agricultural Produce Market Committee. The
table 653 shows the membership details of the Agricultural Produce Market
Committees.
Table No 5.11
Showing 7/12 Holders of Agricultural Produce
Market Committees
Sr. No. Particulars Khed Ambegaon Junnar Shirur

1 Total 7/12 holders 52,522 59,152 65,935 55,452

2 Disqualified 15,961 14,455 9,760 11,657

3 Qualified 36,561 44,697 56,175 40,188

a) Big 17,561 16,250 13,540 14,490
b) Small 8,300 9,756 15,443 7,183
c) Very small 10,700 18,691 27,192 12,291
(Source:- Field Survey 2017-18)

Representative Membership
As mentioned in the earlier table 5.11 all the members of the Agricultural Produce
Market Committees are not the voters, Only those who are the members of the
executive bodies of the primary Agriculture credit cooperative societies and members
of gram panchayats in the taluka area are entitled the right of voting in the
Agricultural Produce Market Committees. These voters are the representatives of all
farmers in that area.

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Table No 5.12
Classification of Representative Membership
Sr.
Type of Representation Member Khed Ambegaon Junnar Shirur
No.
1 Traders 681 170 1281 126

2 Hamals 633 63 162 49

3 Societies 1096 726 695 548

4 Gram panchayats 1290 839 1119 674

5 Processing (Units) Societies 02 04 07 02

Total 3702 1,802 3,264 923

(Source: - Field Survey 2017-18)
The table 5.12 explains regarding the registered license holding traders and hamals
are the voters. The directors of the Agricultural Produce Market Committees and
members of grampanchyats are the representative voters of the farmers. But the
figures in the table 5.3 & 5.4 show that there is some kind of imbalance in the
representation of farmers. A few members of other local authorities who do not
directly come from the farmers, represent a large number of member farmers. This is
an unjustifiable process and works on centralization basis. There should be
decentralization of voting system and an addition to the number of voters for farmers.
ELECTION PROCEDURE
As per the Maharashtra Agricultural Produce Market Committees Act, 1963, the
election of the Agricultural Produce Market Committees are held every five years.
They are democratic in nature and conducted as per the Act and the members of the
Agricultural Produce Market Committees are elected from the following
constituencies: traders, hamals, societies, gram panchayats and processing units.
Table No 5.13
Election Procedure
Sr. No Particulars Total Response Total Percentage
1 Yes 4 100%
2 No - -
Total 04 100%
(Source: - Field Survey 2017-18)

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Table 5.13 indicates that as per Agricultural Produce Marketing Committee Act 1963
all the vacancies of board of directors are duly filled.
FACILITIES PROVIDED TO OFFICERS AND STAFF.
Facilities work as incentives to the officers and staff working in the Agricultural
Produce Market Committee. They offer convenience to the staff and add to their
efficiency level. It is therefore important to give these facilities. Following table
provides information related to the point.
Table No 5.14
Facilities to Officers and Staff
Sr. No Particulars No. of Respondents Percentage
1 Medical Facilities 4 100%
2 Uniform 4 100%
3 Canteen 4 100%
4 Transport 0 0
(Source: - Field Survey 2017-18)
Table 5.14 shows that medical, uniform and canteen facilities were provided by all
sample Agricultural Produce Market Committees except the transport facility.
APPOINTMENT OF SUB-COMMITTEES
Sub-committees work as important functional bodies in the Agricultural Produce
Market Committee. They are constituted as per the regulations. The important sub-
committees are grievance sub-committee, regulation sub-committee, construction
subcommittee, employee’s sub-committee. As per the survey questionnaires, these
sub-committees are established for different purposes. But it is observed that these
sub-committees do not work properly to the benefit of the farmers and they are often
politically influenced in their workings.

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 MAIN MARKET YARD AND SUB-MARKET YARD

Table No 5.15
Showing Main Market Yard and Sub-Market Yard
Khed Junnar Ambegaon Shirur
Main Sub Main Sub Main Sub Main Sub

Talegaon – Dhamdhere Pabal Jambut vadgaon

Chakan Pail Pimpaigaon Wada Kude

Beihe Otur N.gaon Alephata Madh

Ghociegaon Loni Taleghar

Rasai Kavathe Yamai

Dehane

Aptale
Khed Junnar Manchar Shirur

(Source: - Field Survey 2017-18)

The figures in the table 5.15 indicate that the number of sub-markets of Khed and
Junnar Agricultural Produce Market Committee are comparatively bigger than in
Ambegaon Agricultural Produce Market Committee. It was observed that there is
considerable scope for the establishment of sub-markets in Ambegaon Agricultural
Produce Market Committee. inspire of the taluka place, Ambegaon Agricultural
Produce Market Committee does not have sufficient number of sub-markets.
It is also observed that the sub-markets in Khed and Junnar Agricultural Produce
Market Committees are centered on the taluka place and the far-off regions rerain
deprived of this market facility. So it is important that more number of sub-markets
should be established in all the three Agricultural Produce Market Committees and
they should be established keeping in view the need of the area.

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FUTURE PLANS
According to the responses recorded in the questionnaires from the three Agricultural
Produce Market Committees, some of the future plans are as below.
Future Plans of Khed Agricultural Produce Market Committee.
1) Acquisition of land.
2) To set up wholesale market and retail enterprises.
3) Construction of commercial complex.
4) Construction of auction hall.
5) Loading/Unloading Platform’s for cattle market at Chakan.
6) To establish Sub-markets at Kadus, Amboli, Wafgaon and Alandi etc.
Future Plans of Ambegaon Agricultural Produce Market Committee.
1) Acquisition of land.
2) Construction of cold store & pre-cooling units.
3) Establishment of grading and packing.
4) To construct market shops at Loni.
5) To develop Ghodegaon and Taleghar sub-market.
6) Proposal to establish sub-markets at other required places.
Future Plans of Junnar Agricultural Produce Market Committee.
1) Construction of farmer’s residence.
2) Construction of auction hall.
Future Plans of Shirur Agricultural Produce Market Committee.
1) Construction of farmer’s residence.
2) Construction of auction hall.
3) Establishment of grading and packing.
4) To construct market shops at Loni.
5) To develop Ghodegaon and Taleghar sub-market.
Educational Pattern of B.O.D.s
The education level of B.O.D.s is important, because the B.O.D.s are expected to see
that the objects of Agricultural Produce Market Committee are met acording to the
provisions of the Acts and By-laws and rules there under.

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Table No 5.16
Educational Pattern of B.O.D.s
Sr. No. Educational Status No of Employees Percentage
1) Illiterate - -
2) Primary 22 17.46%
3) Secondary And Higher Secondary 36 28.57%
4) Degree 28 22.22%
5) PG. 40 31.75%
Total 126 100%
(Source: - Field Survey 2017-18)
The table 5.16 indicates that out (40 BODs) of them have got their post-graduation
28.57% (36 BODs) of them have got their secondary level education. 22.22% (28
BODs) of the BODs have completed degree level education and 17.46 (22 BODs)
have primary level education. As per the study no single BOD is found illiterate.
EDUCATIONAL PATTERN OF EMPLOYEES
It is needless to say that education does not bring only expertise but accuracy and
efficiency level in the employees. The employees need education of different types-
administration, management, daily business work and other related procedures. Such
education upgrades them and widens their thinking and working capacity. The
following table shows the education pattern of the employees.
Table No 5.17
Educational Pattern of Employees
Sr. No. Educational Status No of Employees /Percentage
1) Illiterate - -
2) Primary 28 19.18
3) Secondary and Higher Secondary 72 49.32
4) Degree 38 26.03
5) RO. 8 5.47
Total 146 100%
(Source: - Field Survey 2017-18)
It is observed from the table 6.17 that 49.32% (72 employees) out of the 146
employees surveyed so far have acquired secondary and higher secondary level
education; 26.03% (38 employees) employees have completed their degree level

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education 19.18% (28 employees) of employees have got primary level education and
only 5.17% (8 employees) have completed their post- graduation. No employee was
found illiterate.
MAIN PROBLEMS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE MARKET
COMMITTEES.
As per the survey of the three selected Agricultural Produce Market Committees,
following problems were found. There is the non-availability of basic infrastructure
and other facilities in all three Agricultural Produce Market Committees. Least use of
advance technology is the other major problem in the three Agricultural Produce
Market Committees. There are problems related to the export capacity of the
Agricultural Produce Market Committees. They are incapable of providing ex9rt
facilities and conducting concerned activities. There are other allied problems such as
the acquisition of land, the excessive level of political influence and dependence on
the part of Govt. for the development and functioning of Agricultural Produce Market
Committees.
Remedies to Improve Functioning of Agricultural Produce Market Committees.
The survey provides following remedies for the improvement of the Agricultural
Produce Market Committees
1) The Agricultural Produce Market Committees should prepare proposals for
Government financial aids.
2) The market cess should be increased for the growth in the Agricultural Produce
Market Committees income source.
3) The grading, packing and storage facilities should be provided by the Government
on minimum and concessional charges.
4) Such kind of mechanism should be evolved out to increase the number of local
customers.
5) There should be restriction on the marketing business outside the market yard.
6) The Agricultural Produce Market Committee should be entitled the powers for the
illegal and unfair practices outside the market yards.

MARKETING INFROMATION
The farmers need information on two aspects of marketing viz. current prices and
market arrival information and forecasting of market trends. This information needs to
be supplemented with other information about reaching a particular market, to get the
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particular price arrangements available in the market related to storage, transactional
methods, quality requirements post - harvest handling etc.
Table No 5.18
Media Used for Propagation of Market Information.
Sr. No. Items Response Percentage
1) Newspaper 4 100%
2) Information Centre 4 100 %
3) T.V 1 25 %
4) Visit Scheme 2 50 %
5) Magazine 2 50 %
6) Radio 2 50 %
7) Internet 4 100.00%
8) Other Projection T.V. 1 25 %
(Source: - Field Survey 2017-18)
Table 5.18 expresses that Agricultural Produce Market Committee propagates market
information by means of different channels. 100% (4 respondents) Agricultural
Produce Market Committees used the newspaper, information Centre and Internet
media. 50 % (2 respondents) Agricultural Produce Market Committees used the visit
scheme, magazines, T. V. and projection T. V. media.
EXPORT ACTIVITIES
In the fast developing world of globalization, the Agricultural Produce Market
Committees have not been able to upgrade themselves and keep in touch with the
advance technology. They should expand their area of activity and they should aim at
entering the global market.
Table No 5.19
Reasons for Non Satisfactory Progress in Export Activities
Sr. No. Reasons Total Response Percentage
1) Production Technology 4 100%
2) cold Storage 4 100%
3) Transport 4 100%
4) Technical Information 4 100%
5) Facilities 2 50 %
(Source: - Field Survey 2017-18)

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Table 5.19 highlights that 100% (4 respondents) sample Agricultural Produce Market
Committees face the problems of production technology, cold storage & technical
Information and 50 % (4 respondents) sample Agricultural Produce Market
Committees face the problem of basic facilities. As per the observation, there is also a
need to establish some common facilities in assistance with the Government.
SUGGESTIONS FOR EFFECTIVE AND EFFICIENT MARKETING.
According to the survey of the sample Agricultural Produce Market Committees,
following suggestions were made for effective and efficient marketing
1) Standardization of the measurement scales should be done in order to ensure the
accurate measurement of the agriculture produce and to reduce the margin in the
deduction or addition of prices.
2) In time and prompt release of payment should be done for the convenience of the
farmers.
3) The farmers should get guaranteed rate to their produce so that they can ensure
their benefits.
IMPACT OF NEW ECONOMIC POLICY.
In the new global spate, economic policies are rapidly changing and market
transactions are taking on new methods and techniques. But it seems from the survey
that the Agricultural Produce Market Committees have not been able to face these
changes competently. They have not made their functioning effective, polices-
customer / seller oriented and have not adopted new techniques to make their services
user-friendly.

PART III: REPORT OF THE SAMPLE TRADERS AND COMMISSION

AGENTS
The Maharashtra Agricultural Produce Market Committees Act (regulation) 1963 and
Rules 1967, makes distinction between the two terms ‘Trader and ‘Commission
Agent’. The Act defines the trader as a person who buys and sells agricultural produce
as a principal or as duly authorized agent of one or more persons. Commission agent
is defined as a person who buys or sells himself or through his servants the
agricultural produce for another person, keeps it in his custody and controls it during
the process of its sale or purchase and collects payment thereof from the buyer and
pay to the seller and receives the remuneration as his commission.

112 | P a g e
The traders and commission agents are important functionaries of the Agricultural
Produce Market Committee. For the convenience of accuracy and concentration, the
researcher has made the analysis of ‘A’ grade active traders whose annual turnover
exceeds Rs. 50000/-. The researcher has made the analysis of 5% of ‘A’ grade traders
and 5% of commission agents.

OPINIONS REGARDING TRANSACTIONS IN THE AGRICULTURAL

PRODUCE MARKET COMMITTEE AND OTHER PLACE
During survey traders and commission agents were asked their opinions in case of
transactions in the Agricultural Produce Market Committees and other places. The
inFromation is complied in the table 6.21
Table No 5.20
Opinions Regarding Transactions in the Agricultural
Produce Market Committee and Other Place
Sr. No. Particulars No. of Respondents Percentage
1 Competitive price 64 96.97%
2 Quick sale 64 96.97%
3 Proper and Scientific gradation 46 69.70%
4 Satisfactory representation 58 87.88%
5 Basic facilities 48 72.73%
(Source: - Field Survey 2017-18)
Table 5.20 shows that 96.97% (64 traders & commission agents) recorded in favour
of the competitive price and quick sale in the Agricultural Produce Market
Committees. 87.88% (58 traders & commission agents) recorded their satisfaction at
their representation in the Agricultural Produce Market Committees, while 72.73%
(48 traders & commission agents) expressed happiness over the provision of basic
facilities. 69.60% (46 traders & commission agents) said that they were benefited by
the proper and scientific gradation in the Agricultural Produce Market Committees.
TYPES OF SALE OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE
The traders and commission agents buy and sell various types of agriculture produce.
The analysis of their responses is tabulated in the following table 5.21

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Table No 5.21
Types of Sale of Agricultural Produce
Sr. No. Type No. of Respondents Percentage
1 Onion 48 72.73%
2 Potato 42 63.64%
3 Kothimbir 32 48.48%
4 vegetables 32 48.48%
(Source: - Field Survey 2017-18)
Table 5.21 expresses that 72.73% (24 sample traders and commission agents) bought
and sold onion, 63.64% (21 sample traders and commission agents) bought and sold
potato and 48.48% (16 sample traders and commission agents) bought and sold
kothimbair as well as vegetables.

RECORD OF TRANSACTIONS
The information regarding record of transactions of sample traders and commission
agents is given in table 5.22
Table No 5.22
Record of Transactions
Sr. No. Response No. of Respondents Percentage
1 Yes 62 93.94%
2 No 4 6.06%
Total 66 100%
(Source: - Field Survey 2017-18)
Table 5.22 explains that 93.94% (62 traders and commission agents) responded that
they maintained the record of their transactions while 6.06% (4 traders and
commission agents) responded that they did not keep the record of their transactions.
MEASURES & WEIGHT OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE
The information regarding measures and weight of agricultural produce by sample
traders and commission agents is given in table 5.23

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Table No 5.23
Measures & Weight of Agricultural Produce
Sr. No. Response No. of Respondents Percentage
1) Yes 66 100%
2) No 0 0%
(Source: - Field Survey 2017-18)
It is observed from table 5.23 that 100% (33 traders and commission agents)
respondents told that they undertook the measures and weights of the agriculture
produce in the Agricultural Produce Market Committee.

ANNUAL TURNOVER
The information regarding annual turnover of sample traders and commission agents
is given in table 5.24
Table No 5.24
Annual Turnovers of Sample Traders and Commission Agents.
Sr. No. Turnover (Rupees) No. of Respondents Percentage
1) Above Rs. 1,00,000 54 81 .82%
2) Above to Rs. 50,000 12 19.18%
3) Above to As. 25,000 00
4) Above to As. 10,000 00
Total 66 100%
(Source: - Field Survey 2017-18)
Table 5.24 highlights that 81.82% (54 traders and commission agents) had made the
turnover above Rs.1,00,000/- 19.18% (12 traders and commission agents) had made
the turnover up to Rs. 50,000/-.

INITIAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT

Initial capital investment is very important for doing day to day activities. Generally
capital investment and working capital is part of the business table 6.26 showing
initial capital investment.

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Table No 5.25
Initial Capital Investment of Sample Traders
and Commission Agents.
Sr. No. Capital Investment No. of Respondents Percentage
1 Up to Rs.10,000 2 3.03 %
2 Rs.10,000 - 20,000 2 3.03 %
3 Rs.20,000 - 30,000 12 18.18 %
4 Rs.30,000 - 40,000 - -
5 Rs.40,000 - 50,000 -
6 Above Rs. 50,000 50 75.76%
(Source: - Field Survey 2017-18)
Table 5.25 exhibits that 75.76% (50 traders and commission agents) had invested
capital above Rs. 50,000, 18.18% (12 traders and commission agents) had invested
capital in the range of Rs. 20,000 to Rs. 30,000 and remaining traders and commission
agents had invested in the range of As. 0 to As.10,000 and Rs.10,000 to Rs. 20,000.

AREA OF MARKET TRANSACTIONS

The traders and commission agents were asked about the of their transactions. The
analysis of their responses is tabulated following table 6.27
Table No 5.26
Area of Market Transactions of Sample Traders and Commission Agents.

Sr. No. Area No. of Respondents Percentage

1 Local 58 87.88 %
2 Divisional 52 78.79%
3 National 40 60.61%
4 International 2 3.03 %
(Source: - Field Survey 2017-18)
Table 5.26 indicates that 87.88% (58 traders and commission agents) sell their goods
at local market 78.79% (52 traders and commission agents) sell their goods at
divisional market, while 60.61% (40 traders and commission agent) sell their goods at
national market and 3.03% (2 respondent) sell at international market

116 | P a g e
PAYMENT TO FARMERS
As per the rules and regulation of Agricultural Produce Market Committee Act every
farmer has the right to get payment within 24 hours after the sale of agricultural
produce. Table 5.27 shows the position of payment to farmers.
Table No 5.27
Payment to Farmers
Sr. No. Payment No. of Respondents Percentage
1 Within 24 Hours 6 9.09%
2 Within 8 Days 56 84.85%
S Within 15 Days 4 6.06%
4 Within 1 Month - -
(Source: - Field Survey 2017-18)
It is observed from table 5.27 that 84.85% (56 traders and commission agents) paid
amount within 8 days, 6.06% (4 traders and commission agents) paid amount within
15 days and only 9.09% (6 traders and commission agents) paid as per Act within 24
hours.
PROBLEMS OF WORKING OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE MARKET
COMMITTEES
At the time of survey, traders and commission agents were asked question regarding
problems of working of Agricultural Produce Market Committees. They were facing
major problems. The information is compiled in the table 5.28
Table No 5.28
Problems of Traders and Commission Agents
Sr. No. Nature of problem No. of Respondents Percentage
1 Lack of facilities 62 93.94%
2 Improper management 34 51 .52%
3 Political interference 8 6.06%
(Source: - Field Survey 2017-18)
The table 5.28 shows the major problems faced by traders and commission agents.
93.94% (31 traders and commission agents) stated the lack of facilities, 51.52% (17
traders and commission agents) stated the improper management and 6.06% (2 traders
and commission agents) stated the political interference.

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References:-
1.
A K Asthana (2004) Fish Production & Marketing Management Wiley India
Pvt. Ltd. ISBN8177229958

2. Ajit Kumar Jain (2008) Marketing in an Agricultural Region Northern Book

Centre ISBN 8172110340

3. Bridget Impey (2001) Marketing and Promoting Agricultural and Rural

Development Publications Inasp ISBN 1902928016

4. Donald Dewey (2005) Microeconomics: The analysis of prices and markets

Oxford University Press ISBN0195018281

5. F Bailey Norwood (2005) Agricultural Marketing and Price Analysis Prentice

Hall ISBN 0132211211

6. James Vercammen (2004) Agricultural Marketing: Structural Models for

Price Analysis Routledge ISBN 0415480442

7. John Cave Abbott (1987) Agricultural Marketing Enterprises for the

Developing World: With Case Studies of Indigenous Private, Transnational
Co- Operative and Parastatal Enterp Cambridge University Press ISBN 0521339081

8. K G Grunert (2004) Market Orientation in Food and Agriculture Springer

ISBN 0792396499

9.
Lowell D Hill (2008) Developing the Regulatory Environment for
Competitive Agricultural Markets World Bank Publications ISBN 0821331159

10. Mary E Lassanyi (2004) Agricultural Marketing Directory for U. S. & Africa
Trade Diane Pub Co ISBN 0788144790

ISBN
11. Marketing Promotion Policies in Agriculture in India Sarup and Sons
8176257508

118 | P a g e
12. M Upender (2008) Marketable And Marketed Surplus In Agriculture Mittal
ISBN817099232

13. Organization For Economic Cooperation, (2009) Oecd, Paul Kristiansen

Organic Agriculture: Sustainability, Markets and Policies ISBN 0851997406
14. Paul Krugman Agricultural Policy and Markets to Accompany
Microeconomics Worth Publishers ISBN 071677321X

15. Pasquale Scandizzo (2009) Risky Agricultural Markets: Price Forecasting

ISBN 0865318492
and the Need for Intervention Policies Westview Pr (Short Disc)

16. Rrru Dubey (2000) Global Marketing and Agricultural Exports Deep & Deep
Publications ISBN 8189915134

17. Surjeet Singh (2004) Rural Marketing: Focus On Agricultural Inputs Vikas
Publishing House

18. State of Agricultural Commodity Markets: 2009 Food & Agriculture

Organization of the UN ISBN 9251062803

19. Theodore Macklin (2006) Efficient Marketing for Agriculture General Books
ISBN 0217710840

20. Van G Huylenbroeck Role of Institutions in Rural Policies and Agricultural

Markets Elsevier Science ISBN 0444517596

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 CHAPTER VI
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTION’S

This Chapter features on the general rundown of the examination, significant

ends drawn by the scientists and significant proposals made by the specialists with
respect to this investigation.
After a cautious introduction of the presentation and idea of Agricultural
Produce Market Committees. It presents decisions about various parts of the subject
under thought and perceptions about the study made up until this point. The ends
attracted this section the ends depend on the essential and optional information
gathered and concerned gatherings met amid the field review and methodicallly
examined in the part savvy ponder. The speculation has been tried and checked with
the object of this examination work. Suggestions are made after a point by point and
target investigation of the market functionaries identified with the Agricultural
Produce Market Committees like director, secretary, dealers, commission specialists
and ranchers. Different administrative parts of these functionaries are considered.
Suggestions consequently, are identified with the improvement in Financial
administration, up degree of working and widening of the work territory of the
Agricultural Produce Market Committees. The analyst has pointed mainly at the
advancement of the monetary position of Agricultural Produce Market Committees
and the improvement in the Agricultural Produce Market Committee. Working while
at the same time making suggestions.

This chapter is divided into four different parts i.e.

A) Summary of the present study.
B) Major Conclusions
C) Important Implications and.
D) Overall Conclusions
A. Summary of the Study:
The whole research is briefed in the following seven chapters:-
1. Introduction
This section gives the essential reason to the exploration contemplate. It
gives a short presentation of agribusiness promoting in India, the kinds of
agri business, extent of horticulture business; farming advertising and

120 | P a g e
 monetary improvement is likewise talked about in a word in this part, the
history and development of agribusiness showcasing is additionally clarified
to sum things up. The part likewise incorporates destinations of the
investigation, theory tried, look into approach, techniques and devices of
information gathering and, examination of information.
2. Review of writing
This section fourth arrangements with the general audit of the writing
accessible on the specific theme. Writing is the most significant piece of any
examination. In this subject, the audit is taken from articles and books in
regards to the examination theme. This section is partitioned into two
sections for example Survey of Research Articles, Review of Books,
proposal and other related distributed or unpublished writing on this specific
theme.
3. Profile of APMC in Pune District
In this part a concise audit of financial and geographic states of the region to
empower us to know the foundation on which the Agriculture Produce
Market Committees are working has been embraced. In the chronicled,
political, horticultural and Industrial maps of all the 35 regions of
Maharashtra state, Pune locale holds a main position in regard of sugarcane
development and sugar industry and different enterprises. For organization
reason it is separated Into 14 talukas Including Pune city, which is arranged
on Mumbai-Bangalore high Way No. 4.
4. Organization and Management of Agricultural Produce Market
Committees.
This Chapter covers the data about working and the board of Agriculture
produce advertise panels in pune region just as Agriculture Produce Market
Committees in Khed, Ambegaon, Shirur and Junnar talukas.
5. Comparative investigation of Financial Positions of Agricultural
Produce Market Committees.
This section 6th is the goes for examining the information gathered under
various heads in regard three significant parts identified with Agricultural
Produce Market Committees - the Board of Directors, the Accounts/Finance
officers and the merchants and commission specialists. For the
accommodation of investigation, the section is grouped into three sections
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 which are as per the following – Part I - This part comprises of the
examination of the discoveries identified with the budgetary examination of
chose APMC for the study. Part II – This part comprises of the discoveries
identified with Board of Directors - viz; administrator and secretary. Part III-
This part comprises of the examination of the discoveries identified with
dealers and commission operators.
6. Summary, Conclusions and Suggestion's
This Chapter features on the general synopsis of the examination, significant
ends drawn by the specialists and significant recommendations made by the
analysts with respect to this investigation.

B. Major Conclusions
1. Rural advertising assumes a pre-prevailing job in the financial advancement

of Country. In which Agricultural produce showcase boards are the principle

foundations which are managing the exchange of horticultural products in

the predetermined territories.

2. APMCs in their areas raise the Sources of salary and store them for the

making of solid climate for purchasers and venders to exchanging the rural

items.

3. The working of the APMCs has been controlled through the different model

enactments made by the Government now and again.

4. Pune District is one of the rich and inundated regions having bigger

generation of horticulture wares in the State of Maharashtra.

5. Junnar, Ambegaon, Khed and Shirur are the most inundated talukas in Pune

region. In these talukas, significant money crops are delivered and

exchanged through their particular APMCs. Since, the ranchers and

cultivators have picked up a ton.

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6. APMCs situated in these talukas have contributing generous commitment in

the absolute income of the District.

7. The money related association setup of all the APMCs is exceptionally solid.

Be that as it may, there is restraining infrastructure of executive and secretary

in the everyday working of market council.

8. There is a significant job of Maharashtra state Agricultural Showcasing

Board in the administration of market panel. In any case, it's incessant

obstruction in the working of the advisory group makes troubles in money

related basic leadership.

9. APMCs, Junnar is one of the main market board in Pune region as far as

income salary as contrast with APMCs, Ambegaon, Khed and Shirur. Its pay

represents multiple seasons of APMCs of Shirur.

10. There is bigger consumption has been made by APMCs, Khed on foundation

offices rather the APMCs of Shirur.

11. Excess of pay of APMCs Junnar is generously high as contrast with the

surpluses of different APMCs for example Ambegaon, Khed and Shirur.

12. AMPC, Junnar has bigger perpetual assets with adequate working capital;

subsequently, it will almost certainly make greater interest in various

beneficial exercises.

13. Monetary position of APMCs of Junnar and khed are exceptionally stable. It

has greater liquidity, possibility and Solvency. Since its liquidity, practicality

and dissolvability proportion are high as contrast with the proportions of

APMCs Shirur, Khed and Ambegaon.

14. All the APMCs with the exception of APMCs of Junnar are obligated from

state Government of Maharashtra and District Focal Co-Op. Banks. In any

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 case, they have not adequate financial soundness ability to make

reimbursement of advance in the couple of years.

15. APMCs of Ambegaon and Shirur have experiencing monetary lack in light

of the fact that their Liquidity, Solvency and achievability proportion are not

upto the measures.

16. All the Selected APMCs are not following standard planning Practices for

their future monetary arranging.

17. In the time of data innovation, all boards of trustees have not received

mechanized bookkeeping framework yet.

18. There is no successful interior review framework in all the APMCs to fortify

suspicion that all is well and good in the psyches of partners with respect to

bookkeeping precision and realness.

19. In respect of races of the Agricultural Produce Market Committees, it is

found out that 100% example Agricultural Produce Market Committees

experience the procedure of races.

20. In regard with offices gave to the officers and staff are concerned, it is found

out that offices like transport are not given and those given are not

appropriately given.

21. It is seen on the purpose of arrangement of sub-boards of trustees that the

sub-advisory groups don't work successfully and fairly despite the fact that

they are legitimately settled.

22. On the purpose of instructive example, it is seen that 31.75% of the

individual from the BODS have finished their post-graduate training while

17.46% of the individuals have finished their auxiliary and higher optional

dimension instruction.

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23. On the purpose of instructive example of the representatives it is seen that

just 5.47% workers are post-graduate and 49.32% workers have finished

their training up to the essential dimension.

24. It is seen on the purpose of spread of market data to the ranchers that 100%

Agricultural Produce Market Committees utilize the papers as a media

though just 33.33% are applying projection T.V. as a media for the

engendering of market data.

25. In the event of the effect of new monetary arrangement, it is seen that the

chose test Agricultural Produce Market Committees were not touchy to the

quick changes in financial approaches on national and global dimension and

they to a great extent stayed, unaffected. It demonstrates their failure to

confront new. Challenges emerging out of the new monetary approaches.

26. On the purpose of market charges, it is seen that the chose test Agricultural

Produce Market Committees have gained monetarily solid position amid

most recent ten years.

27. On the purpose of changeless gathered pledges by the chose test Agricultural

Produce Market Committees, it is seen that they have gained attractive

ground on this record and have raised adequate measure of perpetual store.

On the purpose of conclusions of chose test dealers and commission

operators about their exchanges in the Agricultural Produce Market

Committees and different spots, it is seen that they feel fulfilled over the

exchanges in the Agricultural Produce Market Committees. The reviewed

figures demonstrate that they are glad about aggressive value, speedy deal

and portrayal.

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28. It is seen on the purpose of procurement and closeout of agribusiness

produce by the brokers that 72.73% dealers execute onion, 63.64%

merchants execute potato, 48.48% merchants execute vegetables in the

Agricultural Produce Market Committees.

29. On the purpose of upkeep of the record of exchanges made by the dealers

and commission operators, it is seen that 93.94% merchants keep their

records.

30. 81.82% brokers and commission specialists had their yearly turnover over

one lakh and 19.18% merchants and operators had their yearly turnover up to

Rs. 50,000/-

31. 75.76% dealers and commission operators had their underlying capital

venture above Rs. 50,000/ - and 18.18% brokers and operators had their

interest in the scope of Rs. 20,000/ - to 30,000/.

32. It is seen on the purpose of region and market exchanges that 87.88%

merchants and commission specialists execute in the neighborhood showcase

and 60.61% brokers and operators execute in the national market.

33. Regarding the arrival of installment by dealers and commission specialists to

ranchers, it is seen that 84.85% of the merchants and commission operators

paid the installments inside eight days and just 9.09% brokers and specialists

paid the sum inside 24 hours.

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C. Important Implications:
1. APMCs should charge adequate market expenses from the concerned and

such expenses ought to be updated every once in a while.

2. APMCs should gather the stores, from commission specialists as per their

business turnover.

3. APMCs ought to reinforce their budgetary riches by making beneficial

speculations out of lasting assets and likewise raise extra sources under the

lead of different salaries.

4. Administrator's and Secretaries of particular APMCs ought to take an interest

the chiefs in the everyday basic leadership process.

5. APMCs ought to embrace most suggested Budgeting Practices in the

arrangement of Budgets.

6. APMCs, Shirur should raise its market finance by holding certain parity from

surplus from year to year.

7. APMCs Shirur should build its lasting asset by stopping back specific

salaries by making the investment funds in its consumption.

8. APMCs Shirur and Ambegaon ought to fortify their liquidity and

dissolvability by making interests in their present resources also and in the

meantime they ought to keep up their possibility by receiving appropriate

expense and reserve structure.

9. APMCs Khed, Ambegaon and Shirur ought to activate more and more assets

from their very own assets and should make their transfer generously on

making infrastructural offices.

10. All APMCs in Pune area ought to modernize their activities the improvement

of designers and producers.

127 | P a g e
11. Association and the executives of all the chose APMCs ought to be founded

on the framework 'Portland Framers Market' in America.

12. All the APMCs in Pune region should make sound focused field in

exchanging agrarian produce the enthusiasm of partners.

13. So as to acquire bigger advantages of globalization, Model Act ought to be

successful actualized and it should revised every once in a while in the light

of evolving conditions.

14. APMCs in Pune locale ought to embrace the idea of Market at the entryway

of ranchers so as to raise their money related quality.

15. APMCs in Pune locale should make their exchanging electronically and have

additionally receive completely modernized bookkeeping frameworks.

16. APMCs ought to pursue the frameworks of inside control and inward review

to make their bookkeeping framework increasingly straightforward.

17. APMCs ought to take an interest the composers in the overseeing/Governing

body by offering directorship.

18. Government should step up to the plate in the assurance of 'Least help Price'

in view of expense of generation of agrarian produce, make it required on

APMCs to pursue such cost in their exchanging.

19. An enormous number of ranchers don't have adequate dimension of yearly

pay. That influences their way of life and different advancements. So the

Agricultural Produce Market Committees should attempt to build the

dimension of their yearly salary.

20. The record of instructive capabilities is extremely low on account of

ranchers. So it significant that the ranchers ought to be persuaded to finish at

any rate degree level instruction. It will expand their certainty and skill.

128 | P a g e
21. There is a most extreme number of ranchers who need to go far from their

home to the market yard for the closeout of their agrarian products. The

Agricultural Produce Market Committees should endeavor to decrease the

separation between the rancher’s habitation and the market yard and make

the market office accessible at an advantageous separation.

22. The Agricultural Produce Market Committees should attempt to give the

basic offices like auspicious market data, security and different offices,

legitimate and logical degree to the ranchers. These offices are significant

and their accessibility would help the ranchers in their exchanges.

23. The vast majority of the example ranchers are not happy with the working of

the Agricultural Produce Market Committees and that there is a sentiment of

discontent in them about the political obstruction. The Agricultural Produce

Market Committees must improve their working and pay heed to the

ranchers feeling about the political impedance. They should attempt to lessen

and quite far expel the political obstruction.

24. The Agricultural Produce Market Committees should take sufficient

measures to guarantee that the ranchers maintain their horticulture business

on benefit premise.

25. It involves stress that few ranchers get the advantage ever water supply. The

Agricultural Produce Market Committees ought to urge the ranchers to make

some new ventures of water stockpiling and develop crops that require least

water.

26. The ranchers ought to be aided the matter of the absolute recuperation of

their use. This will result in the expansion in salary.

129 | P a g e
27. There is extremely earnest need of enhancement for the piece of the

Agricultural Produce Market Committees that they should make fast and

opportune installments to the ranchers.

28. The Agricultural Produce Market Committees ought to inspire ranchers to

utilize propelled methods for innovation to get horticultural data. The

Agricultural Produce Market Committees ought to likewise make

arrangement to make the data rapidly and effectively accessible to the

ranchers.

29. The Agricultural Produce Market Committees should support the merchants

and commission operators to expand their exchanges and turnovers. This

would mean the arrangement of different expected offices to the merchants

and commission operators.

30. The Agricultural Produce Market Committees ought to spur the brokers and

commission operators to do their exchanges in the national and global

markets. This would give them presentation to the worldwide dimension and

extend their business.

31. The merchants and commission specialists don't make early installments to

the ranchers. The Agricultural Produce Market Committees should

investigate the issue and urge them to make early arrival of installments.

32. The ranchers stay under overwhelming weights from the advertising and

money related perspective. They endure common cataclysms and are abused

by the market functionaries like dealers and operators. In this way the

Agricultural Produce Market Committees ought to give them some bundle of

money related help and endeavor to lessen the dimension of misuse.

130 | P a g e
33. The satisfactory number of merchants ought to take an interest in the open

closeout deal. The open closeout deal ought to be directed on all days in light

of the fact that the ranchers may endure misfortune on account of the

transient merchandise like vegetable and organic products. It will do useful

for the ranchers if the Agricultural Produce Market Committees build up the

framework in which approved delegates of the Agricultural Produce Market

Committee direct the sale deal on the homestead itself. It ought to likewise

be proposed that just the permit holders should participate in the open sale

deal.

34. The stockrooms/go-downs in the Agricultural Produce Market Committees

ought to be used. The Agricultural Produce Market Committees ought to

urge the ranchers to utilize these offices.

35. All the Agricultural Produce Market Committees should take the rural data to

the ranchers. They should utilize effectively open methods for

correspondence to serve the ranchers.

36. The Agricultural Produce Market Committees should make arrangements to

make the correct stockpiling of transient merchandise. This would assist the

ranchers with storing their merchandise and hold up till the sensible rate. The

Agricultural Produce Market Committees ought to set up pre-cooling

focuses, cold-store and go-down at the town level.

37. The minor ranchers ought to be given sufficient portrayal in the BOD of the

Agricultural Produce Market Committee according to proportion of their

numbers.

38. AGMARK reviewing ought to be made obligatory by joining appropriate

arrangement in the Act of the Agricultural Produce Market Committees.

131 | P a g e
 Other than these arrangements in the Act, extreme attention for reviewing

must be given and attention with this impact be made among the concerned

market functionaries. Any deal without AGMARK evaluating ought to be

disallowed. Its infringement must be made a cognizable offense. Evaluating

offices at maker’s level should be expanded.

D. Overall Conclusion:
Market Committees are built up to manage the exchange of farming items in a
predetermined territory. The APMC Act 1963 has given numerous wellsprings of
salary to a market board of trustees. These sources are to be abused by the advisory
group for making a solid environment for purchasers and dealers in the
predetermined territory. In the event of infrastructural offices in the example
Agricultural Produce Market Committees, it is seen that significant offices are not
given by the Agricultural Produce Market Committees. These offices incorporate
degree unit, cold stockpiling, labs, Post-office, Staff quarters and fax office. The
offices which appear to be given are not satisfactory and even some of them are in
the condition of complete substitution. In the respect of the rate of commission in the
example Agricultural Produce Market Committees, it is seen that the rates are
fluctuating in the three Agricultural Produce Market Committees with similar items.
We don't discover any consistency and relationship. In the obsession of the rate of
commission in the example Agricultural Produce Market Committees the rates are
nonsensical thus excruciating to the ranchers. It is seen that on account of rates of
hamali and weightment in the example Agricultural Produce Market Committees
extensively vary. For instance, the rate of hamali in the Khed Agricultural Produce
Market Committee is lower than other two Agricultural Produce Market
Committees. In respect of the nature and characterization of participation, it is seen
that every one of the individuals from the Agricultural Produce Market Committees
are not the voters. Some of them are the immediate voters and some of them are
agent voters.

132 | P a g e
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