What is this module all about?

Good day SPIan! Welcome to the world of writing!

“Education must continue even in times of crisis, whether it may be a calamity, disaster,
emergency, quarantine, or even war” as the Education Secretary Leonor Magtolis Briones always
says. Whatever happen on our society, there’s always a room to educate ourselves formally or
informally. Learning occurs when we are able to find ways to satisfy our curiosities in life. Hence,
learning must continue even if you are at home. This module is one of the resources that you
may use to study and appreciate the literatures of our country and of the world originally written
in the 21st century.

21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World aims to engage students
like you in appreciation and critical study of literatures from the Philippines and the World
encompassing their various dimensions, genres, elements, structures, contexts, and traditions.

Goodluck on you journey SPIan! Stay at home and Learn at home.

How do you use this module?

To help you to navigate this module, do the following:

1. Read the What I need to know? These tell you the Learning Outcome/s and
Performance Standards that you should know and be able to do at the end of this
Module.

2. Find out what you already know by taking the Pretest in What I know? then
check your answer against the Answer Key. If you get 99 to 100% of the items
correctly, you may proceed to the next Lesson. This means that you need not go
through the Lesson because you already know what it is about. If you failed to get 99
to 100% correctly, go through the Lesson again and review especially those items
which you failed to get.

3. The lesson proper is composed of What’s In?, What’s New?, What is it?

and What’s More? It is composed of lessons and activities to help to understand

the lesson well.

4. What I have learned? helps you to generalize/summarize the topic you have

learned. Then proceed to What I can do? to apply it into your day-to-day basis.

5. Test your knowledge by taking an Assessment and Additional Activities.

This will be evaluated by your teacher.

6. Glossary provides the list of unfamiliar words and their meanings while
References or the bibliography is a list of resources used by the author to help you
understand the lesson.

7. Suggested Readings/Websites is a list of other books, published or unpublished

studies, journals, links, website for your references.

If you have questions, ask your teacher for assistance.

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21ST CENTURY LITERATURE FROM THE PHILIPPINES AND THE WORLD
Senior High School | Grade 11 1
 Lesson 1:
PHILIPPINE LITERARY HISTORY FROM PRE-COLONIAL
TO CONTEMPORARY

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW?

Intended Learning Outcomes:

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:
LO1: write a close analysis and critical interpretation of literary texts and
do an adaptation of these to identify the geographic, linguistic and ethnic
dimensions of Philippine literary history from pre-colonial to the
contemporary.

Performance Standards: Demonstrate understanding and appreciation of 21st

Century Philippine literature from the regions through a written close analysis
and critical interpretation of a literary text in terms of form and theme, with a
description of its context derived from research.

WHAT I KNOW?

Learning Outcome 1: Writing a close analysis and critical

interpretation of literary texts
Literature, is a body of written works. The name has traditionally been
applied to those imaginative works of poetry and prose distinguished by the
intentions of their authors and the perceived aesthetic excellence of their
execution (Rexroth, n.d.).
The word literature is derived from the Latin term litera which means
letter. Most commonly refers to works of the creative imagination written within
a book, a magazine or a pamphlet using imaginable and beautiful language e.g.
poetry, drama, fiction and non-fiction, song and some instances.

WHAT’S IN?
Analyze the news article below from the Inquire.net:

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21ST CENTURY LITERATURE FROM THE PHILIPPINES AND THE WORLD
Senior High School | Grade 11 2
 DepEd, CHED asked to ‘initiate academic freeze’ until virus mass testing is
conducted
By: Katrina Hallare - Reporter
July 02, 2020 04:05 PM

MANILA, Philippines — A youth group on Thursday called on the Department of

Education (DepEd) and Commission on Higher Education (CHED) to introduce an
“academic freeze” until mass testing for the coronavirus is carried out.

In a statement, the Samahan ng Progresibong Kabataan (Spark) also urged DepEd

Secretary Leonor Briones and CHED chairman Prospero de Vera III to cancel planned
online classes, saying it is “anti-poor”, and continue the compensation of academic
and non-academic employees.

“We urge these government agencies to fulfill their mandate by siding with students,
teachers, and academic and non-academic employees, instead of greedy capitalist-
educators,” Spark said.

The group’s statement comes as DepEd reported a dismal enrollment turnout of 15.9
million students in public and private schools under the K-12 curriculum.

Spark said “now is the time” for Briones and De Vera “to prove your commitment to
providing quality and accessible education for students.”

“If not, these dismal enrollment numbers will just be the beginning of the unraveling
of the broken Philippine educational system in this time of crisis,” it said.

Read the full article here: https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1300803/deped-ched-asked-to-initiate-

academic-freeze-until-virus-mass-testing-is-conducted

WHAT’S NEW?
List down at least 5 questions about the given article below:
1. _____________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________
4. _____________________________________________________________________
5. _____________________________________________________________________

This news article that you have read is not as sensitive as what you can
read and watch on the radios and televisions today, proper guidance from your
parents and teachers are necessary to address your concerns. Always remember
to regularly be aware about the happenings in our surroundings and be updated
with the local and international news as much as possible.

For you to instantly understand an article, scholarly work or a type of

literature, you may use your pen and paper to break what you have read into
chunks, this process is called chunking wherein you divide the selected reading
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21ST CENTURY LITERATURE FROM THE PHILIPPINES AND THE WORLD
Senior High School | Grade 11 3
into sections to easily understand each. You may also write as many questions
as you want about the topic you have read, this is what we called inquiry-based
learning wherein you are encouraged to explore the material, ask questions and
share ideas to your co-learners. The questions you have provided do not need to
be answered right away. This is the premise of Inquiry-Based Learning – that
some questions are broad and are better left rhetorical.

WHAT IS IT?
Philippine Precolonial Literature
The Philippines, located in a very strategic location in Southeast Asia, is a
wealthy sovereign country not only in natural resources but also in history,
culture, language and literature. Even before the Philippines was colonized, it
was already brimming with a rich tradition of oral literature. Early Filipinos
weaved together countless myths and legends to explain certain phenomena in
life. Because paper was not invented yet, many of the tales were not preserved
and have vanished from local knowledge (Sanchez, Lizada, Agustin, & Cuartero,
2016). The characteristics of our literature in the form of songs or chant; includes
our beliefs, traditions and uniqueness of our natives; mostly the stories are about
the heroes or powerful characters (Orilla, 2019).

The precolonial literature includes all literature produced before the

Spanish colonization like chants, proverbs, songs, and folk narratives. Philippine
folk narratives are varied and distinct. They depict the people’s livelihood,
customs, and traditions. One of the varieties of our pre-colonial literature is what
we called oral literature typically passed down from generation to generation by
word of mouth:

1. Proverbs are practical observations and philosophy of everyday life

that are written in a rhyming scheme. It is meant to entertain while
teaching basic skills in surviving local life. In Filipino, these are
called salawikain. Here are some of the examples of proverbs:
a. Kung ano ang puno, siya ang bunga.
b. Kung walang tiyaga, walang nilaga.
2. Riddles demand an answer and are used to test the wits of those
who are listening to them. In Filipino, this is called bugtong and used
in a battle of wits. Here are some of the examples of riddles:
a. Buto’t balat lumilipad
b. Naririto na si Pascualita, hila-hila ang bituka.

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21ST CENTURY LITERATURE FROM THE PHILIPPINES AND THE WORLD
Senior High School | Grade 11 4
 3. Folksongs are songs that are in beautiful formal expressions of our
ancestors’ experiences in life. These range from courtship (harana),
to lullabies, harvest, funerals and others. Some of the examples of
famous folksongs are below:
a. Bahay Kubo
b. Leron Leron Sinta
c. Kundiman
d. Ili-Ili Tulog Anay
4. Tales are stories of origins for certain places, their names and their
creation. It is also known as myths and legends. They usually used
to explain certain events or phenomena in our ancestors’ lives that
science cannot explain.
a. Alamat ng Pinya
b. Alamat ng Kawayan
c. Alamat ni Maria Makiling
d. Alamat ni Daragang Magayon
5. Epics are long-winded poems about a hero and his adventures and
misadventures. Supernatural elements are introduced to show the
strength of the hero and his capabilities.
a. Biag ni Lam-Ang
b. Ibong Adarna
c. Florante at Laura

WHAT’S MORE?
Processing questions:
1. What are the oral literatures you usually hear and/or use since then and
now?
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2. How can these forms of literature be use to your life right now?
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3. Do you think you can still use the lessons they teach in your daily life?
Explain you answer.
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21ST CENTURY LITERATURE FROM THE PHILIPPINES AND THE WORLD
Senior High School | Grade 11 5
 WHAT I HAVE LEARNED?

The precolonial literature of the Philippines includes all literature

produced before the Spanish colonization. It includes chants, proverbs,
songs, spells, and different folk narratives like folk tales, fables, legends
myths, and epics that were all passed down from generation to generation
through the word of mouth.

WHAT I CAN DO?

ASSESSMENT

ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES

GLOSSARY
• Close Reading – deep analysis of how a literary text works.
• Critical Analysis – subjective writing because it expresses the writer's
opinion or evaluation of a text.
• Geographic – physical features of the setting of a literary text or the author
itself.
• Linguistic – relating to the language used in a literary text.
• Ethnic – refers to the race of the characters of the story or of the author.
• Pre-colonial literature – those written works produced before the
colonization of Western nations.
• Contemporary literature - defined as literature written after World War II
through the current day.
• Scholarly – involving or relating to serious academic study.

REFERENCES
Garcia, E. L. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1zJWkIZrNTnjUYNA_eHJQesuKURPQIwEs?fbclid
=IwAR3JJn8FaIp1ybji_Y0H1favOb4xQAWdhrHltNuxJ51VkzQ6UAYwcxFHVjU

Orilla, D. R. (2019). An Essay About THE Philippine Literature IN Precolonial Period.

Rexroth, K. (n.d.). Retrieved from ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA:

https://www.britannica.com/art/literature

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21ST CENTURY LITERATURE FROM THE PHILIPPINES AND THE WORLD
Senior High School | Grade 11 6
 Sanchez, L. J., Lizada, M. N., Agustin, R. B., & Cuartero, J. B. (2016). 21st Century Philippine
Literature from the Philippines and the World. Quzon City: Vibal Group, Inc.

SUGGESTED READINGS/WEBSITES

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21ST CENTURY LITERATURE FROM THE PHILIPPINES AND THE WORLD
Senior High School | Grade 11 7