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Gopal Pande: The First Mathematician of Nepal

Article · March 2013

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Eka Ratna Acharya

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 Gopal Pande: The First Mathematician of Nepal
-Pant, S.R1. & Acharya, E. R 2(er_acharya@yahoo.com)

Gopal Pande is the first mathematician and writer of mathematics books in Nepali language
among the known mathematicians of Nepal. He had written first Mathematics book “Wyakta
Chandrika” in 1883 A.D. In this context it is suitable to remember Bhaskaracarya; the greatest
mathematician. Bhaskaracarya’s contribution in the development of mathematics was very vast
and pioneer. He had command in each field of Mathematics whose evidence is his Algebra. The
manuscripts of Algebra are preserved at Kaiser Library of Nepal in the name of
“Bhaskaracarya’s Algebra”; but we feel that this is highly based in Arithmetic and highly useful
for home arithmetic. Bapudeve Shastri was a famous mathematician, who was the teacher of
Gopal Pande. Pande had written various books of mathematics which were very popular in Nepal
and India. Here we expressed Gopal Pande’s concept of Rule of Three in square root and cube
root with comparisons of Bhaskaracarya’s impression in The Rule of Three in square root and
cube roots. Bhaskaracarya said, “In the entire mathematics rule The Rule of three is used except
square root and cube roots”. This is expressed in Sanskrit as,

Varga vargapadam Ghana ghanapadam satyajya yadha ganyate

Tat trairashikmewa bhedabahulam nanyat tathwo vidhyate.

But Gopal Pande has claimed that the rule of three is used for determination of square root
and cube roots through his book Wyakta Chandrika. Now days this book is very rare in market
but it is only found in few libraries of Nepal. Pande’s Technique of determination of cube roots
was announced by Prof. Naya Raj Pant in his book “Pandit Gopal Pande Ra Unko Ghanmul
Lyaune Reeti” 1980 A.D (page 4). Prof. Pant is also a great Mathematician and historian. He is
popular in Asian countries. He has tested the rule given by Pande and praised to him for his
fundamental contribution of Trizoidiacle Rule and other mathematical developments. Thus we
explore the Mathematical contribution of Gopal Pande in Mathematical Science.

1
Prof. and former Head of Central Department of Mathematics (T.U.)
2
PhD Research Scholar, Research Centre, N.S.U.& Assistant Professor of Mathematics (S.M.C.-T.U.)

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