Code No: 07A70205 SET-1

R07
B.Tech IV Year I Semester Examinations, December-2011
EHV AC TRANSMISSION
(ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 80
Answer any five questions
All questions carry equal marks
---
1.a) A single-circuit 3-phase 50 Hz 400 kV line has a series reactance per phase of
0.327 ohm/km. Neglect line resistance. The line is 400 km long and the receiving-
end load is 600 MW at 0.9 p.f. lag. The positive-sequence line capacitance is
7.27 nF/km. In the absence of any compensating equipment connected to ends of
line, calculate the sending-end voltage. Work with and without considering line
capacitance. The base quantities for calculation are 400 kV, 1000 MVA.
b) Give ten levels of transmission voltages that are used in the world. [16]

2.a) What are the different modes of Propagation in EHV-AC lines?

b) Inductance and Capacitance calculations for single and Multi-conductor line for
calculation of Maxwell's potential coefficients. [16]

3.a) Describe the charge-potential relations of a transmission line with n conductors on

a tower/
b) Derive an expression for Maximum Charge Condition on a 3-Phase Line. [16]

4.a) Among HVAC and DC Transmission which one is best transmission, also
mention the advantages and disadvantages of it.
b) The heights of conductors of a bipolar dc line are H = 18 m and the pole spacing
P =12 m. Calculate and plot the field factors for this line for the two modes of
propagation as the distance d from line centre is varied from 0 to 3 H. [16]

5.a) Describe the mechanism of formation of a positive corona pulse train.

b) The positive and negative corona pulses can be assumed to be square pulses of
amplitudes 100 mA and 10 mA respectively. Their widths are 200 ns and 100 ns
respectively. Their repetition rates are 1000 pps and 10,000 pps. The bandwidth
of a filter is 5 kHz. Using equation R I (w )¥ f - 1 to f-1.5 calculate the ratio of
output of the filter for the two pulse trains at a tuned frequency f0 = 1 MHz. [16]

6. A 3–phase 230 kV D/C line has the dimensions shown, with all dimensions in
meters. The phase configuration is abc – cba with currents as follows:
I 1=I6=300 ∠ 00, I2=I5=300 ∠ -1200, I3=I4=300 ∠ +1200
The origin of coordinate system is at ground level under the line centre as shown
in figure 1. Evaluate the following:

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 Fig: 1

a) Write down the coordinates of the 6 conductors: (x1, y1) to (x6, y6)
b) Calculate and plot the intensity of the B-field along ground for x = 0 to x = 5
h, where h = 10 meters.
c) Give the value of x at which the maximum B-field occurs. [16]

7.a) Explain if the Transmission line is Open-Ended and is excited when Double-
exponential wave response?
b) What is the purpose of reflection and refraction coefficients of traveling waves
and its Significance explain in detail? [8+8]

8.a) What is the purpose and significance of power circle diagram and its uses and also
explain in detail the receiving end circle diagram for calculating reactive
compensation for voltage control buses.
b) What is the purpose of synchronous condenser and how voltage profile increases
using synchronous condenser also the design of the rating of the synchronous
phase modifier (or condenser for short)? [8+8]

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Code No: 07A70205 SET-2
R07
B.Tech IV Year I Semester Examinations, December-2011
EHV AC TRANSMISSION
(ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 80
Answer any five questions
All questions carry equal marks
---
1.a) What are the important and useful conclusions can be drawn for preliminary
understanding of trends relating to power-handling capacity of a.c. transmission
lines and line losses?
b) A power of 2000 MW is to be transmitted from a super thermal power station in
Central India over 800 km to Delhi. Use 400 kV and 750 kV alternatives. Suggest
the number of circuits required with 50% series capacitor compensation and
calculate the total power loss and loss per km. [8+8]

2. A 3-phase 750 kV horizontal line has minimum height of 12 m, sag at mid span =
12 m. Phase spacing S = 15 m. Conductors are 4 × 0.035 m with bundle spacing
of B = 0.4572m. Calculate per kilometre:
a) The matrix of Maxwell's Potential coefficients for an un transposed
configuration.
b) The inductance and capacitance matrices for un transposed and transposed
configurations.
c) The zero-, positive-, and negative-sequence inductances and capacitances for
transposed line.
d) The ground-return resistance and inductance matrices at 750 Hz taking
r s = 100 ohm-metre. [16]
3.a) Surface voltage Gradient on conductors under
i) Maximum Surface Voltage Gradients for N ≥ 3
ii) Mangoldt (Markt-Mengele) Formulae
b) Explain the Charge-Voltage (q – V ) Diagram and Corona loss. [8+8]

4.a) Verify the frequency spectrum for positive and negative pulses from Table under
the assumption that both have double-exponential wave shape with a and b values
given there. Assume equal amplitudes for both.

b) Plot the values as shown in Fig. but taking (log f) as the abscissa and the dB
values as ordinate.

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 c) Repeat when the peak values are in the ratio 10/1. [16]

5.a) At a town near which a proposed E.H.V. line will run, the measured radio-station
field strengths are as follows:

Frequency of Station (MHz) 0.5 0.75 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
Received Signal Strength (dB) 50 60 75 70 65 52 80 75 60

Take the corona noise from a line to vary as f–1.5, and the minimum S/N ratio to be
22dB. If the station at 1 MHz is to be received with this quality of reception,
determine which of the stations will have a S/N ratio lower than the minimum
allowable S/N ratio of 22 dB.
b) Explain how a body beneath the tower /line, within ROW, away from conductors
and insulated from ground gets charge. [16]

6.a) What are the effects of Field at ground level beneath the conductor of following?
i) A car parked below the line
ii) A person not wearing insulated shoes standing on ground and touching the
handle of the car.
b) How does the Electric field at ground level influence tower design? Also explain
significance of Electric field stress (voltage gradient) Potential at ground level?
[16]

7.a) A transmission line has l = 1 mH/km and c = 11.11 nF/km. The conductor plus
ground resistance amounts to 0.4 ohm/km. Taking only a single-phase
representation, calculate:
i) The velocity of propagation,
ii) The surge impedance,
iii) The attenuation factor for 400 km in Nepers and dB,
iv) The maximum value of open-end voltage.
b) The above line is terminated in a load of 500 ohms resistance. Calculate the
reflection and refraction factors at the load? [16]

8. What is the purpose and significance of power circle diagram and its uses and also
explain in detail the receiving end circle diagram for calculating reactive
compensation for voltage control buses? [16]

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Code No: 07A70205 SET-3
R07
B.Tech IV Year I Semester Examinations, December-2011
EHV AC TRANSMISSION
(ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 80
Answer any five questions
All questions carry equal marks
---
1.a) What are the properties of Bundled conductors in EHV-ac lines?
b) What is the effect of Inductance in EHVAC lines explain in detail? [8+8]

2.a) Why the Inductance and capacitance transformation required in Sequence

Quantities in EHV-AC lines?
b) What are the Conductor configurations used for bundles in e.h.v. lines and also
explain properties of Bundled conductors?

3.a) Surface voltage Gradient on conductors under

i) Single Conductor ii) 2 conductor bundle
b) Explain how transmission lines produce Radio Interference. What are the
remedial measures? [8+8]

4.a) Obtain Procedure for the Excitation Function from CIGRE Formula.
b) Take an example and explain the excitation function and its propagation on line
for RI calculation. [8+8]

5.a) Explain and describe the different cases for lateral profile of RI and modes of
propagation.
b) Take an example and explain the excitation function and its propagation on line
for RI calculation. [8+8]

6.a) Find the total vertical component of Electrostatic and total horizontal component
of Electrostatic field for Double-Circuit 3-phase A.C. Line.
b) Explain in detail the effect of high electrostatic field on:
i) HUMANS ii) ANIMALS iii) PLANTS iv) Metallalic objects. [8+8]

7.a) Derive the generalized constants of of a distributed parameter transmission line?

b) Obtain the time function of open end voltage equation using step response
considering:
i) Omit losses ii) Omit only g. [8+8]

8. A 400-kV line is 800 km long. Its inductance and capacitance per km are l = 1
mH/km and c = 11.1 nF/km (Z00 = 300 ohms). The voltages at the two ends are to
be held at 400 kV at no load. Neglect resistance. Calculate:
a) MVAR of shunt-reactors to be provided at the two ends and at an intermediate
station Midway with all four reactors having equal reactance.
b) The A, B, C, D constants for the entire line with the shunt reactors connected.
c) The voltage at the intermediate station. (Use 6°/100 km). [16]

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Code No: 07A70205 SET-4
R07
B.Tech IV Year I Semester Examinations, December-2011
EHV AC TRANSMISSION
(ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 80
Answer any five questions
All questions carry equal marks
---
1.a) Explain the effect of Resistance ,power loss and skin effect on EHVAC-lines.
b) What are the different mechanical considerations in EHV line performance? [8+8]

2.a) Explain the relation between the temperature rise and current carrying Capacity
of EHV-AC line.
b) A 400-kV line in India uses a 2-conductor bundle with dm = 0.0318 m for each
conductor. The phase current is 1000 Amps (500 Amps per conductor). The area
of each conductor is 515.7 mm2, r a = 2.7 × 10–8 ohm-m at 20°C, a = 0.0045
ohm/°C at 20°. Take the ambient temperature ta = 40°C, atmospheric pressure
p = 1, wind velocity vm = 1 m/s, e = 0.5 and neglect solar irradiation. Calculate
the final temperature of conductor due only to I2R heating. [8+8]

3.a) Explain the Voltage Gradient on Sub-Conductors of Two and six bundle.
b) What are the Gradient factors and their advantages? [8+8]

4.a) Explain the need of Bundled conductors for EHV AC lines.

b) Explain the corona Phenomena and the factors influencing the corona inception.
c) Explain the demerits of corona, what are the preventive measures against corona?
[8+8]
5. A 400-kV line has conductors in horizontal configuration at average height H = 14 m
and phase spacing S = 11 m, as shown in Figure 1. The conductors of each phase are
2 × 0.0318 m diameter at B = 0.4572 m spacing:
a) Calculate the RI level of each phase at a Distance of 30 m from the outer phases at
ground level at 0.5 MHz at 420 kV using the CIGRE formula.

Fig: 1 Calculation of RI level of 400-kV line using CIGRE formula.

b) Calculate the RI level of the line at the measuring point at 0.5 MHz and 1 MHz in
fair weather.
c) If the RI limit is given to be 40 dB at 1 MHz, calculate the width of right-of-way of
the line Corridor. [5+6+5]

6.a) Explain the classification of shock currents.

b) Explain the effect of Electrostatic fields cause damage to human life, plants and
animals. [8+8]

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7.a) Explain the clear difference between Traveling and Standing wave theory.
b) Derive the differential expression and their solutions for a transmission line with
distributed Inductance and capacitance. [8+8]

8.a) Explain SUB-SYNCHRONOUS Resonance in Series-Capacitor for Compensated

lines under Natural frequency and Short-Circuit Current.
b) What are the remedied for countering effect?
a) Induction b) Tensional and c) Transient torque problem.
With neat sketches. [5+5+6]

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