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Experiment No.

1
Dew Point Hygrometer
1- Objective:
To determine the dew point, absolute humidity and relative humidity with the help of dew
point hygrometer.

2- Theory:
Dew point temperature (°C or °F) or Dew point is the temperature where condensation begins,
or where the relative humidity would be 100% if the air was cooled or the temperature at
which the rate of evaporation becomes equal to the rate of condensation at constant
barometric pressure. A hygrometer is an instrument used for measuring the moisture content
in the atmosphere.

Dew point temperature is always less than or equal to the actual temperature, with the
extremes for normal outdoor air being –3°C and +30 °C. Dryer and wetter gases can be found in
industrial environments, for example, where dew points between –100 °C and +100 °C are
sometimes measured. Theoretically, the dew point temperature can be as low as –273 °C
(absolute zero), but at a normal atmospheric pressure it can never exceed 100 °C. When the
dew point is 100 °C, the air only contains water vapor and no other gas, so the amount of water
cannot be raised without increasing the density of the vapor, and hence the pressure. The
water vapor saturation pressure at different temperatures is a known variable, so the dew point
can be calculated from the relative humidity and temperature. Conversely, if the dew point and
temperature or relative humidity is known, the missing variable can be calculated.
2.1- Relative humidity: is the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapor in an air-water mixture
to the saturated vapor pressure of water at a prescribed temperature. The relative humidity of
air depends on temperature and the pressure of the system of interes
The relative humidity of an air-water mixture is defined as the ratio of the partial pressure of water
vapor (H2O) in the mixture to the saturated vapor pressure of water at a given temperature. Relative
humidity is normally expressed as a percentage and is calculated by using the following equation

2.2- Absolute humidity: is basically the density of moisture (water vapor) per unit volume of air,
expressed usually as kilogram per cubic meter (kg/m3). In comparison, relative humidity is the ratio
(expressed as a percentage) of the water vapor in the air at a certain temperature and pressure to the
maximum water vapor it can contain at the same temperature and pressure; and specific humidity is the
ratio of water vapor in the air to the total mass of the air and water vapor.

3. Apparatus:
• Hygrometer • Thermometer

• Right angle glass tube

• Obtuse angle glass tube

• Three stoppers and rubber bulb for pumping air

4-Chemical required:
• n-pentane or any other low boiling point liquid
6 Procedure: -
• Pump air through the surface of pentane slowly and continuously by using the rubber bulb.
• Observe the outer surface of the tube and the comparison mirror while pumping air.
• A misting up of the tube surface as compared to the mirror will be recognized while pumping
air through pentane.
• Record this temperature as T1
• Stop blowing air through pentane and wait until misting disappear and record the
corresponding temperature as T2
7-Applications:

 . Aside from greenhouses and industrial spaces, 


 Also used in some incubators, saunas, humidors and museums.
 They are also used in the care of wooden musical instruments such as pianos, guitars,
violins, and harps which can be damaged by improper humidity conditions.
8-Precautions:
1. Do not immerse the obtuse angle glass tube in the liquid.
2. Pump the air slowly and constantly.
3. Thermometer should be immersed in the liquid.
.

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