CDB4223: Industrial Effluents & Waste Residue

May 2020

Tutorial
Name ID
Dewiyaa A/P Narayanan 16001555
Siti Aisyah Abdunnajib 16001387
Sarvini Gunaseharan 23671
Mohammad Zikry bin Abdul Razak 17007096
Sanjeev Nehru Jawahar Nehru 16001174
Amir Danial Bin Azman 17006927

Submission Deadline:
23/6/2020
Course Coordinator:
Prof Dr Murugesan Thanabalan
Example 2-4:
The following test results were obtained for a wastewater sample taken at the headworks to a
wastewater-treatment plant. All of the tests were performed using a sample size of 50 ml.
Determine the concentration of total solids, total volatile solids, suspended solids, volatile
suspended solids, total dissolved solids and total volatile dissolved solids. The samples used in
the solids analyses were all either evaporated, dried, or ignited to constant weight.
Data:
Tare mass of evaporating dish 53.5433 g

Mass of evaporating dish plus residue after 53.5794 g

evaporation at 105ºC
Mass of evaporating dish plus residue after 53.5625 g
ignition at 550ºC
Tare mass of Whatman GF/C filter after 1.5433 g
drying at 105ºC
Mass of Whatman GF/C filter and residue 1.5554 g
after drying at 105ºC
Mass of Whatman GF/C filter and residue 1.5476 g
after ignition at 550ºC

Solutions
1) Total Solids, TS :

𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔
(
TS = 𝑑𝑖𝑠ℎ 𝑝𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑒,𝑔 )−(𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑖𝑠ℎ,𝑔) 103𝑚𝑔
𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒,𝐿 ( 𝑔 )

(53.5794𝑔)−(53.5433𝑔)
= 0.05𝐿 103𝑚𝑔 ) = 722 𝑚𝑔
( 𝑔 𝐿

2) Total Volatile Solids, TVS:

𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔
(
𝑑𝑖𝑠ℎ 𝑝𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑒,𝑔 )−(𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑖𝑠ℎ𝑝𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛,𝑔)
TVS = 103𝑚𝑔
𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒, 𝐿 ( 𝑔 )

(53.5794𝑔 )−(53.5625𝑔)
𝑚𝑔
= 103𝑚𝑔 ) = 338
0.05 𝐿 ( 𝑔 𝐿
3) Total Suspended Solids, TSS:

(𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑟𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 ,𝑔)−(𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑟𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔,𝑔) 103𝑚𝑔
TSS = 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒,𝐿 ( 𝑔 )

(1.5554 𝑔)−(1.5433 ,𝑔) 103𝑚𝑔

= ( ) = 242 𝑚𝑔
0.05𝐿 𝑔 𝐿

4) Volatile Suspended Solids, VSS:

(𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑟𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 ,𝑔)−(𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ,𝑔) 103𝑚𝑔
VSS = 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒,𝐿 ( 𝑔)
(1.5554 ,𝑔)−(1.5476 ,𝑔) 103𝑚𝑔 ) = 156 𝑚𝑔
= 0.05𝐿
( 𝑔 𝐿

5) Total Dissolved Solids, TDS:

TDS = TS-TSS
𝑚𝑔 𝑚𝑔 𝑚𝑔
= 722 -242 = 480
𝐿 𝐿 𝐿

6) Volatile Dissolved Solids, VDS:

VDS = TVS –VSS

= 338𝑚𝑔 –156𝑚𝑔= 182 𝑚𝑔
𝐿 𝐿 𝐿
Exercise Problem 2-7:
The following test results were obtained for four different waste water samples. The size of the
samples was 100 ml. Determine concentration of total and volatile solids, expressed as mg/L, for
one of the samples.
Item Unit ( Sample A)
Sample Size ml 90

Tare mass of evaporating dish g 22.6435

Mass of evaporating dish plus g 22.6783
residue after evaporation at 105 ºC

Mass of evaporating dish plus g 22.6768

residue after ignition at 550 ºC

Solution:

1) Total Solids, TS :

𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔
(
TS = 𝑑𝑖𝑠ℎ 𝑝𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑒,𝑔 )−(𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑖𝑠ℎ,𝑔) 103𝑚𝑔
𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒,𝐿 ( 𝑔 )

(22.6783𝑔)−(22.6435,𝑔)
= 0.09𝐿 103𝑚𝑔 ) = 386.67
𝑚𝑔
( 𝑔 𝐿

2) Total Volatile Solids, TVS:

𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔
(
𝑑𝑖𝑠ℎ 𝑝𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑒,𝑔 )−(𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑖𝑠ℎ𝑝𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛,𝑔)
TVS = 103𝑚𝑔
𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒, 𝐿 ( 𝑔 )

(22.6783g)−(22.6768𝑔)
𝑚𝑔
= 103𝑚𝑔 ) = 16.67
0.09 𝐿 ( 𝑔 𝐿
Exercise Problem 2-9:
The following test results were obtained for a waste water sample taken at an industrial facility,
All of the tests were performed using sample size of 100 ml . Determine concentration of total
solids, total suspended solids and dissolved solids for one of the samples.
Data
Item ( Sample A) Weight,gm
Tare mass of evaporating dish 54.6422
Mass of evaporating dish plus 54.7022
residue after evaporation at 105 ºC

Mass of evaporating dish plus 54.6722

residue after ignition at 550 ºC
Tare mass of Whatman GF/C filter 1.5348
Mass of Whatman GF/C filter plus 1.5553
residue after drying at 105ºC
Mass of Whatman GF/C filter plus 1.5453
residue after ignition at 550ºC

Solution:

1) Total Solids, TS :

𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔
(
TS = 𝑑𝑖𝑠ℎ 𝑝𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑒,𝑔 )−(𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑖𝑠ℎ,𝑔) 103𝑚𝑔
𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒,𝐿 ( 𝑔 )

(54.7022g)−(54.6422g)
= 0.1𝐿 103𝑚𝑔 ) = 600 𝑚𝑔
( 𝑔 𝐿

2) Total Volatile Solids, TVS:

𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔
(
𝑑𝑖𝑠ℎ 𝑝𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑒,𝑔 )−(𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑖𝑠ℎ𝑝𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛,𝑔)
TVS = 103𝑚𝑔
𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒, 𝐿 ( 𝑔 )

(54.7022g)−(54.6722g)
𝑚𝑔
= 103𝑚𝑔 ) = 300
0.1𝐿 ( 𝑔 𝐿
3) Total Suspended Solids, TSS:

(𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑟𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 ,𝑔)−(𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑟𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔,𝑔) 103𝑚𝑔
TSS = 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒,𝐿 ( 𝑔 )

(1.5553𝑔)−(1.5348𝑔) 103𝑚𝑔
= ( ) = 205 𝑚𝑔
0.1,𝐿 𝑔 𝐿

4) Total Dissolved Solids, TDS:

TDS = TS-TSS

𝑚𝑔 𝑚𝑔 𝑚𝑔
= 600 - 205 = 395
𝐿 𝐿 𝐿

5) Volatile Suspended Solids, VSS:

(𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑟𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 ,𝑔)−(𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ,𝑔) 103𝑚𝑔
VSS = 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒,𝐿 ( 𝑔)
(1.5553,𝑔)−(1.5453𝑔) 103𝑚𝑔 ) = 100𝑚𝑔
= 0.1 𝐿
( 𝑔 𝐿

6) Volatile Dissolved Solids, VDS:

VDS = TVS –VSS

= 300𝑚𝑔 –100𝑚𝑔= 200 𝑚𝑔

𝐿 𝐿 𝐿