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EMS98R3 User Guide

EMS98R3

Genset Controller

User Guide

This document applies to:


Build version 3600-0053
Software Version 5000-0410

EMS

www.ems.gen.nz

The information contained in this document is copyright,


and is not to be reproduced without the written authority
of EMS ©2004

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EMS98R3 User Guide

EMS98 Genset Controller

1 Introduction

Overview
The EMS98 is a controller suitable for use with Diesel powered Gensets, which are used for standby
or auxiliary power generation. It is very configurable and suitable for single or three phase gensets.
The unit controls the starting and stopping of a genset via a manual start button, an internal auto
mains failure system, an external autostart signal or the built in scheduler. Vital operating
parameters are monitored and displayed. If abnormal operation is detected, the unit alarms and
provides genset shutdown. Control for load transfer contactors is also provided.

Monitored Parameters:
Engine Parameters Electrical parameters
• Engine Speed • Generator Volts and Current
• Oil Pressure • Generator Line to Line Volts
• Coolant Temperature • Generator Frequency
• Oil Temperature or Fuel Level (optional) • Generator KW and KVA
• Battery Voltage • Generator Power Factor
• Engine Hours. • Generator KWHr
• Operating Status • Mains Voltage
• Operating Warnings and Alarms • Mains frequency

Front Panel Features

Alarm
LOP
HWT

F-Start
F-Stop
3100-0161 Chg-Fail
Low Batt

I O

The front panel comprises the following major features:


• Engine gauge set
• Engine display
• Engine start and stop buttons
• Generator display and selection button
• Alarm display

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Engine Gauge Set


The engine gauge set consists of two LED based gauges showing oil pressure and engine
temperature. If the operating parameters are normal the gauges indicate the current value in green.
A high engine temperature activates red LEDs at the top of the engine temperature gauge. Low oil
pressure activates a red LED at the bottom of the oil pressure gauge. If oil pressure is 0.5 Bar
above the warning level (if enabled), the red LED flashes. If it reaches the warning level, it remains
on.

Gauges are scaled to the to full-scale value of the sensor chosen in the unit configuration.

Engine Display
The engine display is a backlit LCD unit with 5 alphanumeric characters on the top line and 5
numeric characters on the bottom line.

This display shows engine speed in RPM on the top section and battery volts on the bottom section
while the engine is running. It also shows system status. If an alarm occurs, alarm text is displayed
on the top section of the display.

The active running mode is displayed as part of the Run display.

Running modes are:


Display Running Mode
UNCAL The genset is running with an uncalibrated speed signal and requires calibration.
See the section on calibration for details.
RUN M Indicates that the genset is running in manual mode and has been started by the
manual start button.
RUN A Indicates that the genset is running in Auto mode and has been started with the
autostart input.
RUN V Indicates that the genset is running in AMF mode.
RUN S Indicates that the genset is running in scheduled mode.

Engine start and stop Buttons


The Start (I) and Stop (O) buttons are used to manually start and stop the engine.

If an alarm occurs it can be cleared by pressing the stop button when the engine has stopped.
During the controller configuration procedures, the start button is used to increase an item value, and
the stop button is used to decrease an item value.

Electrical display and selection buttons


The Electrical display cycles through the mains voltages, and frequency, Genset line to neutral
voltages, phase to phase voltages, currents, frequency, power, power factor and kilowatt hours. It
shows individual phase voltages on the top section and phase currents on the bottom section. Mains
measurements are prefixed with M and Genset measurements are prefixed with G.

The L1, L2, L3, LEDs indicate the phase being displayed. Line to line values are shown with both L1
and L2 LEDs lit for L1 to L2 reading etc.

When other parameters are displayed, the top section shows the parameter name, and the bottom
section shows the parameter value.

The Menu (▼) button allows the user to scroll and view Electrical and Engine values in real time.
When the user scrolls to a value, this will be displayed for 30 seconds after which the display
resumes scrolling in its normal mode.

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Alarm LED display


The alarm LED display has 8 red LEDs that show genset alarms and warnings
Alarm Function
Alarm Indicates an alarm is present when lit.
Fast flashing indicates the unit is about to start.
Slow flashing indicates a warning or the engine is about to stop.
LOP Low oil pressure. Flashes for warning, on for alarm.
HWT High engine temperature. Flashes for warning, on for alarm.
O/S Overspeed. Flashes for warning, on for alarm.
F-Start Fail to Start
F-Stop Fail to Stop
Chg-Fail Charge failure. Indicates that the charging alternator is not charging the
battery (flashing) or the excitation voltage is not present (continuously on).
Low Batt Low Battery voltage

Inputs
The unit has the following inputs, which are described in more detail in section 3.
Input Function
DI 1 – DI 4 Configurable inputs. See section 3 for details
Oil Sensor Connects to the oil sensor. Switch or resistive.
Temperature Sensor Connects to the temperature transducer. Switch or resistive.
AN 1 May be configured for oil temperature, fuel level or Digital input (DI 5)

Outputs
The unit has the following outputs, which are described in more detail in section 3.
Output Function
Excite Connect to the excitation terminal (usually called WL) of the battery-
charging alternator.
Fuel Connect to the fuel control relay. Supports energise to stop (ETS) and
energise to run (ETR) modes.
Where dual coil solenoids are used use this control signal for the Hold coil.
Crank Connect to the crank.relay
Output 1 – Output 6 Configurable outputs. See section 3 for details

AC Power inputs
The unit has the following AC power inputs:
Input Function
MN Connect to the neutral of the mains.
ML1, ML2, ML3 Connect to L1, L2 and L3 of the mains.

GN Connect to the neutral of the generator.


GL1, GL2, GL3 Connect to L1, L2 and L3 of the generator.

CT Common Connect to the looped S2 terminals of the CTs.


This point must be free floating. It must not be earthed.
CT1, CT2, CT3 Connect to the S1 terminals of each CT for L1, L2 and L3.

Display Functions
In Ready or Run mode, the Engine and Electrical displays can be made to show any of the current
parameters by pressing the Menu (▼) button. Pressing the button again scrolls to the next value. If
the button is not pressed for 30 seconds the unit will restore the usual default display. Parameters
displayed are dependent on which options are enabled.

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Typical displays in this mode are:


Engine Display Electrical Display
OILP M VVV
XX.X AA.A
ETEMP L1 – L2
XXX VVV
HOURS KVA
XXXXX KKKK
ERUN KW
XXXX.X WWWW

2 Operation

Power Down

On initial power up, the controller exercises the LEDS as a lamp test.

When the unit is operated in manual or autostart mode and sleep mode is enabled, the unit will enter
a sleep state when in standby for very low power consumption. In this state, the backlight is turned
off and continuous monitoring of engine sensors is disabled. The unit will wake up regularly to check
battery volts and sensor status (as per the SMON setting). The unit returns to normal power mode
immediately when an Autostart or AMF input is activated, or a button is pressed.

Starting options

The genset can be started manually by using the start button ( I ) , or automatically by the Autostart
input, by mains out of specification (AMF), by the scheduler or by remote control (if communications
module is fitted).

The Autostart and AMF starting systems have three timers associated with them.
The Autostart timers are:

Name Function
ASSTB This timer is used to define the required activation time for the Auto Start
input to start the genset or initiate a longer delay (ASDTM).
ASDTM This timer is used to define a long-term delay for Autostart controlled
starting if required. It is triggered by the termination of the ASSTB timer.
ASRTM This timer is used to define the required Autostart restore time to terminate
the ASSTB or ASDTM timers and thus abort the start process.

The AMF timers are:

Name Function
BKSTB This timer is used to define the required activation time for the AMF system
to start the genset or initiate a longer delay (BKDTM).
BKDTM This timer is used to define a long-term delay for AMF controlled starting if
required. It is triggered by the termination of the BKSTB timer
BKRTM This time is used to define the require Autostart restore level to terminate
the BKSTB or BKDTM timers and thus abort the start process.

During the start or blackout delay, the alarm LED flashes quickly and the start warning output is
activated for the start delay time (if configured).

The A contactor (if enabled) will activate either immediately, after a preset delay, or when the genset
is ready for load (depending on configuration, see section 5 for details). If the preset delay has not

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expired when the B contactor is ready to operate, the A contactor will be activated followed by the B
contactor after the transfer delay.

The Start button immediately initiates the starting process. If the genset is running in manual mode
and an Autostart or AMF start is requested, then pressing the start button will convert the running
mode to Auto or AMF.

The Scheduler is used to regularly start and run the genset for a preset time and may transfer the
contactors as described above if a transfer has been enabled. It is used to test that the genset
remains in good operational condition.

The Remote start function requires the use of a communications interface to initiate the start
sequence. It behaves in a similar manner to a manual start.

The starting sequence is as follows:


Process RPM Display Comment
Starting Start An AMF event has occurred or the Autostart input has been
activated and the genset is preparing to start. This state continues
until the ASSTM and ASDTM (or BKSTM and BKDTM) delays have
terminated. If during this time the Autostart or AMF restores for
longer than ASRTM (or BKRTM) the starting delay is aborted and
the unit returns to ready mode.
Pheat The preheat output (if configured) is activated.
Fuel The Fuel output is activated (if configured for ETR). If an output is
configured to act as a fuel pull in control, then the output will
activate for 1 second at the start of the fuel state.
Crank The engine cranks
Crest The engine pauses between crank attempts. Fuel is turned off
during crank rest periods.
Runup The engine has started. During Runup, Engine Oil pressure,
Engine Temperature and Under speed are not monitored.
Warm The engine is warming up. Engine Temperature is not monitored
until some time (TmpTm) after the warmup period finishes.
Running Run/RPM The engine is running. The Con B output is activated. (if
configured).

Running
While the engine is running normally, the engine display shows the RPM, battery volts and the status
of the engine. Pressing the Menu (▼) button will cycle to Oil Pressure, Engine Temperature, Engine
Hours, Current Run Time and any active Warnings.

The electrical parameter display shows Mains voltage and frequency, Generator voltage, current and
frequency and Active and Reactive Power related values.
If an alarm occurs, the general alarm indicator will light up together with the relevant alarm indicator.

Stopping
When the Autostart input is deactivated, or the Mains restores (in AMF mode), the run state will
terminate and the run on state will commence. If stopping manually, Runon is skipped and Cool
down is initiated immediately.

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The stopping sequence is as follows:


Process RPM Display Comment
Stopping RUNON/RPM The Autostart or AMF system is deactivated and the Genset is
preparing to stop. If the Autostart or AMF system is reactivated,
then the Genset will revert to the running state and continue to run.
If the Genset has run for less than its minimum run time, the Runon
time will be extended. If at the end of Runon, an Autostart, AMF or
Scheduled start is pending within the Pull in time (PLITM), then the
unit will abort the stopping process and carry on running in the new
mode.
Pressing the stop button during Runon terminates Runon, and
initiates Cool down.
COOL/RPM The B Contactor is unloaded, shortly followed by the A Contactor
loading. If enabled, the idle output is activated. If at the end of
Cool down an Autostart, AMF or Scheduled start is pending within
the Preferred Stop time (PRSTM), then the unit will abort the
stopping process, load ConA, and carry on running in the new
mode.
Pressing the stop button during Cool down shuts the engine down
and brings up a manual stop lockout (Mlock)
STPWT A delay to ensure the engine has completely come to rest after the
fuel solenoid is released (ETR) or the fuel solenoid is activated
(ETS)
Ready READY The engine is stopped and ready to be started again. The fuel
solenoid is released if configured for ETS

During Runon and Cooldown the alarm LED flashes slowly, indicating that the engine is about to
stop.

3 Configuration

Configuring the Controller

The controller is configured using the Start (1), Stop (0) and Menu (▼) buttons.

Note: The unit must be in the Ready mode and the engine stationary in order to enter the
configuration mode.

To select the configuration mode press and hold the menu button (▼) until the alarm icon is lit.
(approx 10 seconds).
The alarm icon remains lit when configuration mode is active.

The configuration mode comprises a list of menu Items and Values.


• Each Item sets a unique controller function.
• Each Value gives the selected Item the desired characteristics

To increment items: Press the menu button (▼)


To decrement items: Press and hold the menu button (▼) and then press the stop (0)
button.

To increment values: Press the start button (1)


To decrement values Press the stop button (0).

The unit can be returned to normal READY mode by:


• Going to the last menu item called EXIT and select Yes
• Waiting for 1 minute without pressing any keys.

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Note: After any configuration changes it is highly recommended to power the unit Off for 10
seconds and then On again. This will allow any changes made, to reconfigure the hardware,
and flush the stored variables from the software for the new configuration.

Configuration Items

Note: Where there are coupled features such as alarms and warnings, then the warning set
point cannot be set above the alarm set point. This also applies to trip and restore logic
items.

Note: Some parameters are visible only if an associated function is enabled. Where a linked
function is disabled associated items will be hidden as they do not require setting

Note: The items in normal text may need to be adjusted to customise the behaviour and
performance of the genset. However the default values have been carefully chosen for typical
standby genset application without significant user adjustment being required. The items bolded in
the left column MUST be setup for each genset.

The following table lists configuration items and their possible values.

Display Name Range Default Comment


ASSTM Autostart stable 0 – 60 2 Selects the time for which the Autostart has to be active
time (Seconds) before either the start delay is initiated, or (if start delay
is zero) the genset is started.
ASDTM Autostart delay time 0 – 500 0 The time between the detection of a start activation by
(Minutes) the ASDTM timer and the initiation of starting
ASRTM Autostart restore 1 – 300 5 The time for which the Autostart has to be restored
time (Seconds) before the ASSTM and ASDTM timers are reset and
starting aborted
STWRN Start Warning time 0 – 30 2 Provides warning of impending start during the start
(Seconds) delay time.
PHEAT Preheat time 0 – 60 0 Preheat time. 0 indicates off. Preheat will extend the
(Seconds) start delay if preheat time is longer than the start delay.
CATM Crank Active Time 1 – 30 10 Sets maximum crank time in any single crank cycle
(Seconds)
CPTM Crank Pause Time 3 – 50 10 Sets crank pause time between crank cycles
(Seconds)
CTRY Crank Retries 1 – 10 3 Selects the maximum number of retries if engine fails to
start first time.
RUNUP Run Up Time 2 – 60 3 Only HIREV is monitored during this time. Oil pressure,
(Seconds) OREV and UREV are not monitored
WARM Warm Up Time 2 – 60 3 OIL and OREV are monitored. Run output is off. Run
(Seconds) output is turned on at completion of Warm up time
TMPTM Temperature hold 1–5 1 Time from start of running before engine temperature is
off time (Minutes) monitored. Used to allow a hot engine to be restarted
and cooling to be re-established.
RUNON Run On Time 0 – 3600 60 To prevent premature or nuisance stopping of the
(Seconds) genset if mains has not reliably restored set the Run On
time to allow a the genset to continue to produce power
for some time even after the Auto Start is deactivated or
AMF is within spec. Any mains disturbance during Run
On will maintain the genset running. The genset will
shutdown only if the mains has been stable for the Run
On time.
COOL Cool Down Time 0 – 3600 60 The load is transferred to mains and the genset
(Seconds) continues to run for the cool down.

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Display Name Range Default Comment


PRSTM Preferred Stop Time 0 – 60 The time from the end of Cool down within which any
(Minutes) pending start condition will cause the unit to reload
ConB and return to run mode
PLITM Pull In Time (Cool+1) – 60 Cool +1 The time from the end of Run on within which any
(Minutes) pending start condition will cause the unit to return to
Run mode and continue to run. ConB is not unloaded.
STOP Stop Hold Time 3 – 180 10 For Energise to Run systems, sets the maximum time
(Seconds) between deactivating the fuel solenoid and the engine
stopping.
REST Stop Rest Time 2 – 30 4 Sets the wait time before the engine is considered
(Seconds) stopped. Prevents engine restarting when RPM and Oil
indicate zero but engine may be still rotating due to
momentum..
FUEL Fuel control type ETS ETR ETS = energise to stop
ETR ETR = energise to run.
ETSR Energise to stop 1–5 3 Sets the number of stop retries for ETS solenoid.
retries Hidden if FUEL= ETR
ETSTM Energise to Stop 5 – 60 5 Sets the rest time between stop retries for ETS solenoid.
rest time (Seconds) Hidden if FUEL = ETR
RMINT Minimum run time 0 – 999 0 Sets the minimum time for which the genset will run this
(Minutes) cycle irrespective of the immediate condition of the
starting stimulus.
0 = RMINT function disabled.
RMAXT Maximum run time 0 – 999 0 Sets the maximum time for which the genset can run
(Hours) without generating a warning or stopping and resting.
Applies to each Autostart or AMF event. The timer
resets between each event.
0 = RMAXT function disabled
RMAXA Maximum run time Warn Warn Sets the action when the RMAXT has been reached.
Action Stop Warn = continues running with warning. Used to indicate
excessive running.
Stop = Engine stops and is prevented from restarting
without manual intervention.
Hidden if RMAXT = zero.
HOOT Hooter time 0 – 1800 120 Maximum Hooter activation time.
(Seconds) Used to limit Hooter operation time to avoid nuisance.
0= Continuous Hooter.
LVRCT Louvre Control Time 0 – 60 0 The Louvre output is activated when the genset is
(Minutes) running and remains on for the Louvre Control Time
after engine has stopped. This option may be used to
control a canopy fan.
DISP Display time Off 3 Sets Auto scrolling rate for LCD messages and values.
2 – 10 Off = Manual scrolling mode.
(Seconds)
SMON System monitoring 0 – 720 5 Sets the interval between sensor integrity and battery
(Hours) voltage checks during sleep mode.
0 =SMON function disabled.
SLEEP Sleep enable Yes Yes Enables power down (sleep mode) when the genset is
No not running.
EXTW Excitation warning Yes Yes Yes = charging alternator excitation failure warning
No enabled.
No = charging alternator excitation failure warning
disabled.
EXTCD Crank disconnect Yes Yes Yes = uses successful charging alternator excitation as
on excitation No a secondary crank disconnect signal to prevent over
cranking.

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Display Name Range Default Comment


No = EXTCD function disabled.
SCHTM Scheduled running 0 – 240 0 Selects the time between scheduled running of the
repeat time (Hours) Genset.
0= SCHTM function disabled.
Value = Time between scheduled starts in hours.
SCHXF Scheduled running Off Off Enables load transfer during scheduled running.
Transfer On Off = No transfer of load with a scheduled start.
Yes = Transfer of load with a scheduled start.
Hidden if SCHTM =0
SCHRT Scheduled running 1 – 999 5 Sets the duration of the scheduled running time.
run time (Minutes) Hidden if SCHTM = 0
SPDIS Starter Motor De- 100 – 1000 300 Selects the speed to de-energise the starter motor.
energise Speed RPM Usually set 20%> higher than Bendix operate speed.
SPSEL Speed signal source Tacho GenHz Selects Genset speed signal source.
GenHz Tacho = Battery charging alternator. (Requires
MPU Excitation)
GenHz = Generator AC output.
MPU = Magnetic Pickup Unit.
SPNOM Nominal running Uncal 1500 Sets the nominal running speed of the Genset in RPM.
speed 400 - 3600 If speed recalibration is necessary for Tacho or MPU
then change this value to UNCAL and re-calibrate
speed as normal
TEETH Flywheel teeth 50 - 250 100 Sets the number of flywheel teeth if SPSEL is set to
MPU. Hidden if MPU is not selected.
USA% Under Speed Alarm Off Off Sets the under speed alarm/shutdown set point as a %
set point 5 – 25 of nominal speed (SPNOM). Note that this is not
monitored until 30 seconds after running starts or in
cooldown.
USW% Under Speed Off Off Sets the under speed warning set point as a % of
Warning set point 4 – 25 nominal speed (SPNOM) . Note that this is not
monitored until 30 seconds after running starts or in
cooldown.
OSA% Over Speed Alarm Off 10 Sets the over speed alarm/shutdown set point as a % of
set point 5 – 25 nominal speed (SPNOM).
OSW% Over Speed Off 8 Sets the over speed warning set point as a % of
Warning set point 4 – 25 nominal speed (SPNOM).
PROT Engine protection Off On On = Engine protection functions are enabled. (Usual
enabled On setting)
Off = All protection shutdown mechanisms for the genset
are disabled. Warnings and Alarms continue to be
indicated.
Off should only be chosen for mission critical
applications when shutdown is not permitted and
the genset can run to destruction.
OPCHK Check for Oil Yes Yes Yes = Inhibits cranking if oil pressure is detected above
Pressure before No the alarm level.
cranking. No = Oil pressure detection does not inhibit starting.
Helps protect against cranking into a running engine
OPUNT Oil Pressure Units Kpa Bar Selects display units for Oil Pressure
Bar
OPSEN Oil Sensor Type COF 2 Selects type of oil sensor being used.
1 COF= Oil Switch….(Close On Fault)
2 1 = 0R – 90R
3 2 = 0R – 180R
4 3 = 120R – 16R
4 = 240R – 33R

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Display Name Range Default Comment


OPFSD Oil Pressure Sensor 5.0 10.0 Selects the full scale value of the oil pressure sensor in
Full Scale Rating 7.5 Bar.
10.0 1 Bar = 100KPa
OPALM Low Oil Pressure 0.5 – 3.1 1.5 Sets the low oil pressure alarm set point.
Alarm set point (Bar) The genset will alarm and shutdown if the oil pressure
falls below this value.
OPWRN Low Oil Pressure 0.6 – 3.0 2.0 Sets the low oil pressure warning set point.
Warning set point (Bar) A warning is indicated if the oil pressure falls below this
value
ETSEN Temperature COF 1 Selects type of temperature sensor being used.
Sensor Type 1 COF = Temperature Switch…(Close On Fault)
2 1 = TS120
3 2 = TS150
4 3 = TS200
4 = CM120 (Cummins)
ETALM High Temperature 75 – 200 98 Sets maximum allowable temp before alarm/shutdown
Alarm set point (ºC) Note: this alarm is not enabled until the temperature hold
off time (TMPTM) has expired. This allows a hot engine
to restart
ETWRN High Temperature Off 95 Sets the high engine temperature warning set point in ºC
Warning set point 70 – 200 Off = High engine temperature warning disabled.
Value = High engine temperature level set point
LVWRN Low Battery Voltage Off 10.0 Sets Low battery voltage warning level
Warning 9.5 – 24.0 Off = Low battery voltage warning disabled.
(Volts) Value = Low battery voltage level set point
HVWRN High Battery Off 15.0 Sets High battery voltage warning level
Voltage Warning 12.0 – 32.0 Off = High battery voltage warning disabled.
(Volts) Value = High battery voltage level set point
CVWRN Charging Voltage Off 13.2 Sets battery charge fail warning set point.
10.0 – 28.0 Off = Does not monitor battery for correct charging.
(Volts) Normally set to 13.2 for 12V and 26.4 for 24V systems.
AN 1 Auxiliary Input Off Off Selects functionality for AN1input
Options Fuel Off = Input is not used
OTemp Fuel = Fuel level sensor
DI 5 OTemp= Oil Temperature sensor
DI 5 = Configurable Digital Input (see later for details)
OTSEN Oil Temperature COF 1 Selects type of oil temperature sensor being used.
Sensor type 1 COF = Oil Temperature Switch (Close On Fault)
2 1 = TS120
3 2 = TS150
4 3 = TS200
4 = CM120
Hidden if AN1 is not set to OTemp
OTALM High Oil Off Off Oil Temperature Alarm set point.
Temperature Alarm 75 – 200 Off = Oil Temperature alarm/shutdown disabled.
(ºC) Value = Oil Temperature alarm shutdown set point
Hidden if AN1 is not set to Otemp or if OTSEN is set
to COF
OTWRN High Oil Off 90 Sets high oil temperature warning set point.
Temperature 70 – 200 Off = Oil Temperature alarm/shutdown disabled.
Warning (ºC) Value = Oil Temperature alarm shutdown set point
Hidden if AN1 is not set to Otemp or if OTSEN is set
to COF
FLSEN Fuel Sensor type 1 2 Fuel Sensor type:
2 1 = 0R – 90R resistance range.
2 = 10R – 180R resistance range.

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Display Name Range Default Comment


Hidden if AN1 is not set to Fuel.
FLALM Low Fuel Alarm Off 10 Low fuel alarm/shutdown set point as a% of full fuel
1 – 50 tank.
(%) Off = disables the alarm/shutdown function
Value = . Low fuel level set point as a% of full fuel tank.
Hidden if AN1 is not set to Fuel.
FLWRN Low Fuel Warning Off 20 Low Fuel level warning set point as a % of full fuel tank.
4 – 50 0ff = Low fuel level warning disabled.
(%) Value = Low Fuel level warning as a % of full fuel tank
Hidden if AN1 is not set to Fuel.
CHECK Maintenance due Off, 250 Selects period between maintenance schedules in
50-1000 operating hours. Displays LCD message when
(Hours) maintenance is required.
Reset by pressing the stop button for 30 seconds.
Cleared by pressing the stop button for 60 seconds.
Setting 0 for this item disables this warning
PHNUM Number of phases 1 3 The number of phases.
3 1 = 1 phase
3 = 3 phases
CTR CT Ratio 1 – 1000 10 The current ratio of the CTs.
Eg for 200 A to 5A CT the ratio is 40.
AMF Automatic Mains Yes No Automatic Mains failure starting of genset.
Fail Start No Yes = Monitors mains and starts genset if mains out of
spec.
No = Mains is not monitored. Unit requires manual
operation or activation of Autostart input.
Autostart input is often used with external LVM relays.
For safety reasons the default is set to No. This avoids
unintended starts due to no mains connections during
genset manufacture, transportation and commissioning.
It is suggested to set this option only when the system is
operational.
BKSTB AMF stable time 0 – 60 2 Selects the time for which the AMF system has to detect
(Seconds) out of spec mains before either the start delay is
initiated, or (if start delay is zero) the genset is started.
Hidden if AMF is set to No
BKDTM AMF delay time 0 – 500 0 The time between the detection of a start activation by
(Minutes) the BKDTM timer and the initiation of starting
Hidden if AMF is set to No
BKRTM AMF restore time 0 – 60 5 The time for which the AMF system has to detect
(Seconds) restored mains before the BKSTM and BKDTM timers
are reset and starting aborted
Hidden if AMF is set to No
CNALD Con A Load Off Mains Controls the loading permissions for ConA.
permissions Mains Off = Con A is loaded irrespective of AMF or Autostart
A-S status
Either Mains = Con A is loaded only if AMF status is OK
A –S = Con A is loaded only if Autostart input is not
active
Either = Con A is loaded if either AMF status is OK or
Autostart is not active.
UNLDM A Contactor unload Imed Imed Contactor A unload mode.
mode Delay Imed = Unloads A contactor immediately an event is
Run detected.
Delay = Unloads contactor A after a delay (see next
item)

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Display Name Range Default Comment


Run = Unloads contactor A when the genset is ready for
load.
UNLDT Unload Delay Time 3 – 999 5 The time delay between an event and A contactor
(seconds) unload.
Hidden if UNLDM is not set to Delay.
PHREV Mains Phase Yes Yes This item adds a mains phase reversal check to the
Reversal Check No AMF system.
Yes = Enabled mains phase reversal checking.
No = Disable mains phase reversal checking.
Hidden if AMF is set to No or if PHNUM = 1
VLOW Low AC Voltage 60 – 240 204 Low Mains Voltage set point for AMF starting.
(Volts) Hidden if AMF is set to No
VLOWR Low AC Voltage 60 – 240 216 Low Mains Voltage Restore set point for AMF stopping.
Return (Volts) Hidden if AMF is set to No
VHI High AC Voltage 110 – 350 276 High Mains Voltage set point for AMF starting.
(Volts) Hidden if AMF is set to No
VHIR High AC Voltage 110 – 350 264 High Mains Voltage Restore set point for AMF stopping.
Return (Volts) Hidden if AMF is set to No.
HZLO Low Frequency 38.0 – 60.0 42.0 Low Frequency set point for AMF starting.
(Hz) Hidden if AMF is set to No
HZLOR Low Frequency 38.0 – 60.0 45.0 Low Frequency Restore set point for AMF stopping.
Return (Hz) Hidden if AMF is set to No
HZHI High Frequency 50.0 – 72.0 58.0 High Frequency set point for AMF starting.
(Hz) Hidden if AMF is set to No
HZHIR High Frequency 50.0 – 72.0 55.0 High Frequency Restore set point for AMF stopping.
Return (Hz) Hidden if AMF is set to No
XFR Transfer delay time 0 – 10 1 Time between deactivating the A Contactor and
(seconds) activating the B Contactor and vice versa
OUT 1 Output 1 See Below Off Output 1 Configuration
OUT 2 Output 2 See Below Off Output 2 Configuration
OUT 3 Output 3 See Below Off Output 3 Configuration
OUT 4 Output 4 See Below Off Output 4 Configuration
OUT 5 Output 5 See Below Off Output 5 Configuration
OUT 6 Output 6 See Below Off Output 6 Configuration
DI 1 Input 1 See Below Off Input 1 Configuration
DI 2 Input 2 See Below Off Input 2 Configuration
DI 3 Input 3 See Below Off Input 3 Configuration
DI 4 Input 4 See Below Off Input 4 Configuration
DI 5 Auxiliary Input See Below Off Auxiliary Input Configuration
Only available if AN1 = DI 5
BAUD Baud Rate 1200 – 38,400 9600 Serial Port Baud Rate.
Hidden unless the communications adaptor
connected
BITS Data Bits 7 8 Serial Port Data Bits.
8 Hidden unless the communications adaptor
9 connected
PAR Parity Even – Odd - None Serial Port Parity.
None Hidden unless the communications adaptor
connected
SBIT Stop Bits 1 1 Serial Port Stop Bits.
2 Hidden unless the communications adaptor
connected
CADDR Comms address 1 – 240 198 Modbus Device address.
Hidden unless the communications adaptor
connected

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Display Name Range Default Comment


SECR Security Setting Off Off Protects configuration settings from being changed.
On Off = Configuration settings can be changed.
On = Configurations are protected from change.
PIN Security Pin Off Off PIN protection to access Security Setting.
Number 1 - 9999 Off = Security Setting can be changed without PIN
access.
Value = User PIN to allow Security Setting to be
changed..
DEFLT Set back to defaults Yes No Set all configuration changes back to factory defaults.
No Yes = Clears all user changed values to factory defaults.
No = Retain user selections and configuration.
EXIT Exit Set up Yes No Exit the set-up mode by changing the value to Yes.
No

Configurable Input Functions

Each of the 5 digital inputs can be configured exclusively as any one of the following functions:
Function Name Functionality
OFF If an Input is configured as off, then it will not be activate any function.
AUTO The Autostart input is used to automatically start the engine after the start delay.
ESTOP The emergency stop input shuts down the engine and triggers an alarm
BELT The broken belt triggers a shutdown and an alarm.
FUELA The Fuel alarm input can be used as a low fuel engine shut down alarm.
FUELW The fuel warning input can be used as a low fuel engine warning.
TEST The Test input inhibits the activation of the B contactor when the engine is run. The A
contactor is not affected. This input can be used to operate the engine manually without
transferring the load.
PLANT When activated, this input disables Auto and AMF starting and changes the mode of an auto
running genset to Cool for eventual shut down. This input does not prevent scheduled or
manual running of the genset. When this input is deactivated while and Autostart or AMF
start is requested, a lockout does not occur, but the genset will start immediately.
CNTHI Canopy Temperature High. Used to extend the activation of the LVRCT output once the
Genset has stopped. This input is may be connected to a thermostat to maintain the LVRCT
on while temperature is higher than a set value.
CANAL This input is used to shut down the Genset in the event of high canopy temperatures.
GENOL This input will display a GENOL warning (Generator Overload), if activated while the engine is
in run mode

The AN1 input can be assigned the following functions


Function Name Functionality
AN1 This input is an analog input which may be configured for Oil Temperature sensing (OTEMP),
Fuel level (FUEL), or as a digital input (DI 5). If configured as a digital input it has the same
configurability as the normal digital inputs. If configured for Oil Temperature or Fuel,
additional configuration items become visible for further setup. Note that the unit should be
powered down for 10 seconds and powered up again in order for changes in this setting to re-
configure the hardware.

Configurable Output Functions


Each of the 6 outputs can be configured as any one of the following functions:
Function Name Functionality
OFF If an output is configured as off, then it will not be activated by any activity.
FPULL The fuel pull in function is used with dual coil fuel solenoids. The assigned output is
connected to the relay that controls the high current pull in winding of the dual coil fuel
solenoid. It is actuated together with the fuel hold output, but is activated for only 1 second.
PHEAT The preheat output is activated for the preheat time before the engine is due to be started. It
remains on until the engine fires.

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WARN The warning output is activated when a warning is present. It remains on while the condition
is active.
ALARM The alarm output is activated when an alarm occurs. It remains on while the condition is
active.
Alarms are cleared by pressing the stop button (0).
HOOT The Hooter turns on for 1 second every 2 Sec for a warning and turns on continuously for an
alarm.
Pressing the stop button (0) disables the hooter. A new alarm will retrigger the Hooter
ESTOP The emergency stop output turns on while the emergency stop input is activated.
LVCON The louvre control output is used to control canopy louvres or a canopy fan. See the
configuration item for LVRCT for detailed operation.
STARF Activated when the genset fails to start.
STOPF Activated when the genset fails to stop.
LOP Activated if the genset is shut down due to low oil pressure
HET Activated if the genset is shut down due to high temperature.
SWARN Turns on the output at the beginning of either Start delay for an autostart, Preheat or Fuel On.
The output is turned off when cranking is about to commence.
A hooter connected to this output is useful to warn staff of any impending engine start.
CON A Contactor A output is activated to disconnect the load from the mains.
Depending on configuration it activates either immediately when mains fail or autostart is
detected, a programmable time after this or when the engine is in a fully running state.
CON B Contactor B output is activated to connect the load to the generator.
Connection occurs after a period defined by the transfer delay which starts at the end of the
Running state of the engine.

4 Speed Calibration
If the speed-sensing signal is derived from the battery charging alternator, (SPSEL = Tacho), the
controller must be calibrated before the genset can be operated.

In the uncalibrated mode, the genset displays UNCAL in the RPM display. For safety all sequenced
starting is disabled. The genset will not inadvertently start even if the autostart or AMF input are
activated. However a modified manual start mechanism is functional.

Before successful calibration can be achieved, SPNOM in the setup menu must be set to the
nominal running speed of the engine. (Typically 1500 or 1800 RPM).

In order to calibrate the speed, start the engine using the start button (1). The start button(1) must be
held pressed until the genset starts. Releasing the start button (1) prematurely may disconnect the
crank before the engine starts properly. This safety feature enables the user to stop cranking
immediately, if mechanical problems are encountered.

When the genset is running and the speed is stable, the calibration process is activated by pressing
and holding the menu button (▼) and the start button (1) until the display shows CAL…… This may
take up to about 10 seconds. At this point the buttons can be released.

After engine speed calibration, the genset must be stopped. Upon restarting the genset will operate
with the normal fully sequenced starting process. If Autostart or AMF are activate on stooping after
calibration the controller will enter the appropriate lockout. Pressing the start button will enable the
active input to start the engine.

Note: For safety, ensure the Autostart and AMF functions are disabled or controlled correctly,
as the genset will start automatically if these inputs are activated. Ensure personal safety at
all times and apply the Emergency Stop if in any doubt. Personal safety comes first.

5 Contactor A Operation
The Unit has a fully functional Automatic Mains Fail detection system which (as well as starting the
genset) controls Contactor A and operates irrespective of whether the unit is in manual or automatic

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mode. Contactor A is not affected by operation of the emergency stop input. It may be disabled by
setting CNALD to Off.

When the Engine is not running and CnALd is set to Mains, the AMF system will unload Contactor A
if the mains is abnormal. Similarly if CnALd is set to A-S, then Contactor A will be unloaded if the
Autostart input is active. If CnALd is set to either, then Contactor A will be unloaded if either mains is
abnormal or Autostart is active.

Contactor A unloads either immediately or after a delay depending on the setting of the unload
parameter. If UNLDT is set to Imedt, Contactor A will unload immediately on detection of an AMF
event or Autostart activation. On restoration of this event, Contactor A will activate immediately.
If UNLDM is set to Delay, then Contactor A will be unloaded after the delay time entered in the
UNLDT time. Contactor A will unload when the engine starts prior to the delay time completing.
If UNLOAD is set to Running, then Contactor A will unload once the engine has started.

6 Sensor Integrity and Engine Safety


In addition to the normal oil, temperature and speed alarms, the controller has a range of diagnostic
alarms and warnings that add to engine safety and the protection system.

Before cranking, the controller checks the various inputs for integrity. Cranking is inhibited for the
following sensor conditions
Condition Alarm Comment
OILP error Oil Pressure Error Oil Pressure greater than the oil pressure alarm set point has
been detected. This occurs only if OPCHK is enabled
OILP Fault Oil Pressure Fault A fault has been detected in the oil pressure sensing system.
This is usually an open circuit or broken connection.
TLOCK Speed Present A speed signal is present. See Section 7 Lockouts.

If the conditions inhibiting cranking remain for more than the crank rest time, a start fail alarm is
activated.

Other inputs such as ESTOP and BELT also inhibit engine starting.

During cranking, speed is monitored and the starter solenoid is de-energised when the speed rises
above the starter disconnect speed (SPDIS). If excitation warning (EXTW) and excitation disconnect
(EXTCD) are enabled and excitation occurs while cranking, the starter solenoid will also be
disconnected. This provides an additional safeguard if the speed signal is lost during cranking.

During running, the controller performs regular checks on the integrity of the engine sensors and
provides alarms and warnings as appropriate for sensor failures.

Alarms and engine shutdown are triggered by the following sensor failure conditions:
Condition Alarm Comment
OILP fault Oil Pressure Sensor There is a fault in the oil pressure sensing system. This is usually
Fault an open circuit or broken connection.
ETEMP fault Temperature There is a possible temperature sensor fault as the engine
Sensor Fault temperature appears too low after 5 minutes of running.
OTEMP fault Oil Temperature There is a possible oil temperature sensor fault as the oil
Sensor fault temperature appears too low after 5 minutes of running.
Only applicable if AN1 is set to OTEMP.
NOREV Speed Sensor The speed input signal, whether GenHz, MPU or Alternator, has
failure failed.

Warnings only are provided for failures in the fuel sensors.


Condition Alarm Comment
FUEL fault Fuel Sensor Fault The fuel sensor has failed. Only applicable if AN1 is set to
FUEL

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7 Minimum and Maximum Running Times


The controller has the ability to set a minimum run time. The function is used to reduce exhaust
system corrosion, provide minimum battery recharging time, and to minimise nuisance restarts under
unstable mains supply conditions.

The function is enabled by setting RMINT to the time required. Setting a zero in the timer value
disables the minimum run time function.

Note: When the genset is being operated in the Auto or AMF mode, if the autostart input is
deactivated before the minimum run time has elapsed, then the engine will continue to run
until the this time has completed. The additional time is added to the RUNON time.

The maximum run time function limits excessive running independently of the activating input. This is
useful where a genset is not rated for continuous duty, or where an unattended system is running
beyond a reasonable operational time limit.

The function is enabled by setting a non-zero value for RMAXT. When this feature is enabled,
options exist for activating a warning or stopping and locking out the genset when the maximum run
time is exceeded.

8 Scheduler Operation
The controller has a scheduler that can be configured to run the genset at defined intervals for a
defined length of time.

The interval between each scheduled running cycle is set by SCHTM. SCHRT sets the time of each
run. If load is to be transferred during the scheduled run, then SCHXR is set to on.

9 Lockout Conditions
Lockout conditions occur when the engine cannot start when requested due to the presence of
another condition, which is preventing it from starting.

Lockouts are cleared by removing the condition that prevents the start from occurring. At this point
the controller unit will return to the ready state.

Typical lockout conditions are shown below:


Display Associated Input Comment
MLOCK Manual Stop A Manual Stop Lockout occurs when a genset running in auto is
Lockout stopped with the manual stop button. If the Start button (1) is
pressed, the genset will resume running in auto mode. If the genset
is stopped and in Manual Stop Lockout, pushing the stop button (0)
attempts to clear the condition. If the previous auto start signal has
deactivated, then the unit will return to the Ready state, otherwise it
will enter the Autostart lockout.
ELOCK Emergency Stop An Emergency Stop Lockout occurs if the Emergency Stop input is
Lockout activated while the genset is not running. It is cleared by
deactivating the Emergency Stop Switch.
ALOCK Autostart Lockout An Autostart Lockout occurs when any of the other lockout conditions
are cleared with the Autostart input still active. This provides a safety
lockout when other lockout conditions are cleared. The genset may
be restarted in its Auto mode of operation by pressing the Start (1)
button.
If the Autostart is cleared the unit returns to the Ready state.
VLOCK AMF Lockout A Voltage Lockout occurs if the engine is stopped either manually or
by an alarm, and an AMF start is activated. The Genset may be
restarted and run under AMF control by pressing the start button.
Otherwise the AMF condition must be cleared to remove the lockout.
TLOCK Tacho Lockout A Tacho Lockout occurs if an unexpected speed signal is detected

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while the unit is in Ready mode. This lockout may be cleared by


removing the source of the unexpected speed signal. Battery
chargers imposing ripple current on the DC system are often the
cause. Such ripple can pass through the battery-charging alternator
affecting the speed sensing input.
The overspeed LED flashes if a Tacho Lockout is present.
OLOCK Oil Pressure An oil pressure lockout occurs when oil pressure greater than the oil
Lockout pressure alarm value is detected with the unit in ready mode. The
lockout may be removed by removing the source of the oil pressure
signal. This can be caused by faulty oil pressure wiring or a sticking
sensor.
The LOP LED flashes of an Oil Pressure Lockout is present.

10 Alarms and Warnings

Warnings.
Warnings are non-critical conditions which do not interfere with the normal operation of the genset
and which provide a warning of a current or pending abnormal condition. Warnings are generally
non-latching and do not stop the genset.

Warnings are shown on the LCD display and flash the alarm LED. The Hooter is activated for 1
second every 2 seconds and the warning output is activated.

Warnings which may occur are shown below:

Warning Display Comment


Start Warning START The controller has detected a start signal and is about to start
the genset.
(Only active if the start warning time is configured as non
zero)
Charge Failure CVLT fault The controller has not detected the voltage rise that
accompanies the normal battery charging process. This may
result from inadequate battery-charging alternator excitation,
insufficient alternator speed, a broken belt, alternator diode
failure, or because the charge voltage set point is set too
high.
Excitation Failure EXCIT fault The battery charging alternator has not generated the voltage
feedback which normally occurs when excitation is
established
Under Voltage LVOLT Battery volts are below the low battery voltage set point
Over Voltage HVOLT Battery volts are above the high battery voltage set point
Low Fuel Level LFUEL The low fuel warning input is activated or the fuel level has
dropped below the fuel warning level set point.
Low Oil Pressure LOIL Oil pressure is below the low oil pressure warning set point.
High Engine ETEMP Engine temperature has exceeded the high engine
Temp temperature warning level
High Oil Temp OTEMP Oil temperature has exceeded the oil temperature warning
set point
Oil Error OIL Error This message is displayed at the end of crank rest if oil
pressure is detected above the low oil pressure alarm set
point. This warning inhibits cranking to prevent the possibility
of cranking into a running engine. Cranking resumes when
the oil pressure falls below this level or a start fail alarm is
activated
Speed Error SPEED Error This message is displayed at the end of crank rest if a speed
signal above crank disconnect speed is detected.. This
warning inhibits further cranking to prevent the possibility of

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cranking into a running engine. Cranking will resume when


the genset voltages indicate the genset is now stationary or a
start fail alarm is activated.
Maintenance Due CHECK The genset requires scheduled maintenance.
Pressing the Stop button for 30 Sec resets this warning.
If the maintenance time has not yet expired, the accumulated
time can be cleared by pressing the Stop button for 60 Sec.
Speed input TLOCK A Tacho Lockout occurs if an unexpected speed signal is
present detected while the unit is in Ready mode. This lockout may
be cleared by removing the source of the unexpected speed
signal. Poor performing battery chargers imposing ripple
current on the DC system are often the cause. Such ripple
can pass through the battery-charging alternator affecting the
speed sensing input.
Plant input active PLANT on The plant input is active. Auto and AMF starting and running
is disabled but manual and scheduled running is not.
Note that if the hooter output is not required when this input is
active, the hooter output can be wired through the plant input
control switch.
Maximum RMAXT The Genset has run for longer than its permissible running
Runtime time. (RMAXT).
Exceeded
Generator GENOL The GenOL input has been activated while the engine is
overloaded running

Alarms

Alarms indicate conditions, which may cause serious damage to the genset. If an alarm condition is
detected the genset will be shutdown to protect it against possible damage.

Note: If the user has set Protect = Off in the setup menu then no protection is provided and
the genset may run to catastrophic destruction. There is no automatic shutdown.
Warnings and Alarms are still indicated.

When an alarm occurs, the alarm indicator indicates red. The Alarm output (if configured) will
activate while the alarm is active. The Hooter output (if configured) will activate for the alarm time or
until the Stop button (0) is pressed.

If the alarm has an associated LED indicator then this will also be activated.
Alarms that may occur are shown below:
Alarm Display Comment
Low Oil Pressure LOIL The oil pressure is below the low oil pressure alarm set point
High Engine ETEMP The high engine temperature alarm set point has been
Temp exceeded.
Broken Belt BELT The broken belt input is activated.
Emergency Stop ESTOP The emergency stop input has been activated.
Over speed OREV The genset has exceeded its maximum operational speed set
point.
Under speed UREV The genset is operating below the minimum speed set point.
High Speed HIREV The genset has exceeded the maximum allowable speed.
Speed Failure NOREV The genset speed signal has failed during running.
Start Failure START The genset appears to have failed to start
Fail
Stop Failure STOP The genset appears to have failed to stop
Fail
High Oil OTEMP Oil temperature has exceeded its alarm set point
Temperature

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Low Fuel LFUEL Low fuel alarm input has been activated.
Maximum RMAXT The Genset has run for longer than its permissible running
Runtime time. (RMAXT).
Exceeded
High Canopy HICNT The High Canopy Alarm (CanAl) input has been activated.
Temp

11 General Specifications
Feature Specification
Controller Overall W 180mm x L 126mm x D 28mm
dimensions
Controller Panel Cut out W 156mm x H 117mm
Controller Mounting M4 Plastic Rivets or Screws. 4 Points
Controller IP rating IP65 from the front, IP20 from rear
Interface Module W 81mm x L 151mm x D 55mm
Dimensions
Interface Module Mounting Din Rail
Interface Module IP Rating IP 30
Supply voltage Nominal 12V/24V DC automotive, 32 volts maximum.
Note: Double battery starting may irreparably damage this
equipment.
Supply current <100mA
Standby current <12 mA
AC Voltage inputs 50 – 400V RMS
AC Current inputs 0 – 5 Amps RMS. 6X overload 6 Seconds
AC measurement True RMS (up to 265 Volts)
AC accuracy better than 2%
DC accuracy 1%
Maximum output current 300ma
Maximum output voltage 32 Volts DC
Output protection Short circuit, reverse voltage, load dump, relay inductive currents
General protection Reverse voltage, load dump.
Cranking drop out protection 0 Volts for 200msec every second provided recovery voltage exceeds
10V.
Operating Temperature -10 to +50°C
Range
Storage Temperature -20 to +60°C
Relative Humidity 95% non condensing
Testing
Environmental Tests IEC68 Part2
EMC Compliance EN50081-1, EN50081-2, IEC6100-4-3
Electrical Safety AS3100, AS3260
Design ISO 9001
Manufacture ISO 9002

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12 Installation

Interface and Termination Module

151 mm
DI 1
AN1
DI 2
DI 3

Temp
DI 4

Excite

V+
0V
Oil
82 m m

Output 1
Output 2
Output 3
Output 4
Output 5
Output 6

CTs Generator Mains


Crank

M-L1
M-L2
M-L3
G-L1
G-L2
G-L3

M-N
Com
CT1

G-N
CT2
CT3
Fuel

EMS98 Wiring Diagram


CT
Connections
CT1 CT2 CT3 L1 L2 L3 N

Isolation
Switch

Start

+ WL
CT1

G-L1

G-N
Fuel
Crank

CT2
CT3

G-L2
G-L3
Output 6

Output 5

Output 4
Excite

Com
V+

ALT W

+
- -
Speed

Temp
Com

AN 1

M-L3
M-L1
M-L2

M-N
DI 4

DI 3

DI 2

DI 1
Oil

Starter
ALT

Speed L1 L2 L3 N
MPU Options
Mains
Connec tions

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EMS98 Electrical Wiring (Common Neutral)


EMS98 Electrical Terminals

Con B
Con A
Com
CT1
CT2
CT3
12/24V

Load
L1 L2 L3 N E

Generator
Main Switchboard

L1 L1

L2 L2
L3 L3
A Contactor B Contactor

N
Neutral Neutral
Link Chassis Earth

Earth
Earth Battery -ve

Note 1 Interposing relays are required to drive Con A and Con B if 230 volt coils are used
2 Mechanical interlocks should be fitted between ConA and Con B

EMS98 Electrical Wiring (Switched Neutral)


EMS98 Electrical Terminals
Con B
Con A
Com
CT1
CT2
CT3

12V

Load
L1 L2 L3 N E

Main Switchboard Generator

L1 L1

L2 L2

L3 L3

N
Neutral Neutral
Link A Contactor B Contactor Chassis Earth
Earth Battery -ve
Earth

Note 1 Interposing relays are required to drive Con A and Con B if 230 volt coils are used
2 Mechanical interlocks should be fitted between ConA and Con B
Note: For safety and correct operation it is recommended that earth and battery negative are connected
together. It is also recommended that neutral and earth are connected together either at the genset itself or
at the main switchboard.

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