TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY ( THANLYIN)

Department Of Petroleum Engineering 1

NATURAL GAS DEHYDRATION

AND COMPRESSION
FOR CNG OPERATING SYSTEM
Presented by Ø Supervised by
ü Paing Moe Myint Ø U Zaw Zaw Aung
ü Phyo Thet Hein Ø
ü Htin Kyaw Aung Linn Ø Industrial Supervised by
ü Aung Phone Myint Ø U Hla Win Htay
ü Htet Aung Moe
Aim And Objective 2

Aim
• To remove the water vapor from the gas with an excellent dehydration method .
• To use the best compressor for the gas compression in the transmission and distribution
lines.
•
Objective
• By means of dehydration by adsorption
• To know types of compressors
• To select an appropriate compressors
•
Introduction 3

• When the gas is at reservoir temperature and pressure, it is generally saturated with
water.
• Water is responsible for most types of corrosion when it is associated with acid gas
( H2S and CO2) or salts ( calcium carbonates ) and hydrate formation.
• The gas therefore has to be processed to remove the water it contains.
•
• Compressor can be seen as equipment for pumping of gases.
• Compressor used to increase the pressure of a gas.
• Transport gases such as hydrogen , nitrogen, fuel gas etc in a chemical plant.
•
What’s natural gas? 4

Natural gas is a mixture of hydrocarbon compounds which are multiple combinations of

carbon and hydrogen atoms.
Natural gas as its name indicates is a gaseous fuel, consisting of 87-92% of Methane with a
small percentage of other higher hydrocarbons.

Principal components Heavier hydrocarbons

Methane Ethane Propane Butane Pentane

Natural Gas Composition

5
What’s CNG ? CNG 6

• CNG is made by compressing natural gas ( which is mainly composed of methane, CH 4 ), to less
than 1 % of the volume it occupies at standard atmospheric pressure. It is stored and
distributed in hard containers at a pressure of 20-25 MPa ( 2900-3600 Psi), usually in
cylindrical or spherical shapes.
 7
Hydrates Formation
• Natural gas hydrates are ice-like crystalline solids form a mixture of water and natural Gas
subjected to high pressure and Suitable low-temperature conditions.
•
How do they form ? 8

v Presence of liquid water

Example: liquid water released by the gas during a change in the pressure or temperature conditions
v
v Presence of light hydrocarbons
Only the first four hydrocarbons (methane, ethane, propane, butane) are likely to form hydrates in
presence of liquid water (risk of hydrates in the presence of CO2 or H2S)
v
v Favourable conditions: temperature and pressure
Hydrate formation conditions: pressure must be sufficiently high and its temperature sufficiently
low.

•
v Each natural gas has its own specific hydrate formation range, which depends on ;
factors at the density of the gas in relation to air
9
its composition and solid- vapour equilibrium P and T for the most precise methods.
Why is it a problem ? 10

ü Hydrate formation leads to:

Ø blocking of the pipes and equipment
Ø production shutdown
Ø risks of overpressure in the installations.
ü
ü Water deposition due to condensation in the pipes or free water from the
reservoir may cause large pressure drops with risks of:
Ø "water hammer" effects due to the liquid slugs
Ø erosion
ü
ü Water is responsible for most types of corrosion when it is associated with
Ø acid gases (H2S and CO2)
Ø or salts (calcium carbonates).
Dehydration 11

• Removal of water that is associated with natural gases in vapor form.

• Necessary to ensure smooth operation of gas transmission lines.
• Prevent the formation of gas hydrates and reduces corrosion.
•
Main reason for removing water vapor from natural gas is that water vapor
becomes liquid water under low temperature and/or high pressure conditions.
•
 Adsorption (Dehydration by Solid media) 12

v Adsorption [ or solid bed ] dehydration is the

process where a solid desiccant is used for
the removal of water vapor from a gas
stream.
v Property of solid desiccants to fix certain
molecules on their surface.
•
 Adsorption bed 13
• During normal operation in the drying ( adsorption ) cycles,
three separate zones exist in the bed;
•
ü Equilibrium Zone
• In the Equilibrium zone, the desiccant is saturated with
water; it has reached its equilibrium water capacity based
on inlet gas conditions and has no further capacity to
adsorb water.
ü
ü Mass transfer zone ( MTZ )
• Virtually all of the mass transfer takes place in the MTZ, a
connection gradient exists across the MTZ.
ü
•
üThe Active Zone
In the active zone the desiccant has its full capacity for water vapor removal and only that
amount of residual water left from the regeneration cycles. When the leading edge of the MTZ
reaches the end of the bed, breakthrough occurs. 14
Mass Transfer Zone passing through the sieve bed during one dehydration cycle
15
 Types Of Compressors
Compressors
Types
16
Positive
Dynamic
Displacement

Rotary Reciprocating Centrifugal Axial

Lobe Screw Liquid Scroll Vane Diaphragm Double Single Acting

Ring Acting
Compressor For CNG Operating System 17
Compressors are mainly divided into two types; (i) Air Cooling Type and (ii) Water Cooling
Type.
Air Cooling Types
• INTERMECH Compressor ( New Zealand )
• IMW Compressor ( Canada )
• KWANG-SHIN Compressor ( Korea
Water Cooling Types
§ ZW- Type Compressor ( China )
§ L- Type Compressor ( China )
§ SAFE Compressor ( Italy )
§ ASPRO
 ZW- Type Compressor 18

• Model - JX 533
• Country - China
• Capacity - 510Nm3 /H
• Drive - Motor Drive
• Motor Power - 108 KW
• Power Supply Voltage - 380 V
• Type - Piston , 4 Stages Water cooled
• Lubrication Styles - Oil- less
• Inlet Pressure - 17 psi
• Discharge pressure - 3000 psi
 L- Types Compressor 19
Model - L-4.5/1-250
Country - China
Capacity - 500Nm3 /H
Drive - Motor Drive
Motor Power - 132 KW
Power Supply Voltage - 400 V
Type - Piston , 4 Stages Water cooled r
RPM - 490 r/min
Lubrication Styles - Oil- less
Inlet Pressure - 15psi
Discharge pressure - 3000 psi
 SAFE Compressor 20
• Model - SW 132F7-EM 400/0/3A
• Country - Italy
• Capacity - 700Sm3 /h at 7Bar
• Drive - Motor Drive
• Motor Power - 132 KW
• Power Supply Voltage - 400 V/Ac
• Type - Piston , 4 Stages Water cooled
• Min Inlet Pressure - 3.5 Bar
• Max Inlet pressure - 7 Bar
• Discharge pressure - 250 Bar
• Temperature - 20 C ( Min ), 40 C ( Max )
Water Cooling System 21
 INTERMECH Compressor 22
• Model - BBR
• Country - New Zealand
• Capacity - 342SCFM, 580Sm3 /h
• Drive - Electric Motor
• Motor Power - 132 KW
• Power Supply Voltage - 400 V/Ac
• Type - 3Stages Air cooled
• Min Inlet Pressure - 138 psig/9.5Bar
• Max Inlet pressure - 203 psig/14Bar
• Discharge pressure - 3600psi/250 Bar
• Temperature -
 KWANG-SHIN Compressor 23
• Model - AEO-A-11-175
• Country - Korea
• Capacity - 700Nm3 /h
• Drive - Motor Drive
• Motor Power - 132 KW
• Power Supply Voltage - 400 V/AC
• Type - 4 Stages Air cooled
• RPM - 1480
• Inlet pressure - 45 psi
• Discharge pressure - 3000 psi
•
 IMW Compressor 24
• Model - IMW50-3X1250SA-50/FD-3625-2ACC
• Country - Canada
• Capacity - 171SCFM
• Drive - Motor
• Motor Power - 50HP
• Power Supply Voltage - 380 V
• RPM - 640-920 RPM
• Type - 2Stages Air cooled
• Inlet Pressure - 2900 to 435 psig
• Discharge pressure - 3600psi