Analytical Chemistry-2

Action of Alkali on certain Metals

• Hot and concentrated alkalis react with certain metals like zinc, aluminium and
form corresponding soluble salts and liberate hydrogen gas, which burns with
pop sound.

• Most of the metal oxides are basic in nature, they dissolve in water forming
hydroxides. These metal oxides and their hydroxides neutralise acids but do
not react with bases. You will find it in my last note.

• Some of the metallic oxides and hydroxides like Zinc oxide, aluminium oxide
and lead oxide react with both acids and alkalis to form salt and water. Thus,
they are amphoteric in nature.

NB: go through this last part of the analytical chemistry and write it in your Note
Book and first try to solve the questions from the Exercise. Few selected
questions have been discussed below:
 Chapter 1
(Solved Questions from your text -book)

Question 1:
Arrange the following as per instructions given in the brackets.
a. Mg, Cl, Na, S, Si (increasing order of atomic size)
b. Cs, Na, Li, K, Rb (increasing metallic character)
c. Na, K, Cl, S, Si (increasing ionisation potential)
d. Cl, F, Br, I (increasing electron affinity)
e. Cs, Na, Li, K, Rb (decreasing electronegativity)

Solution 1:
a. Mg, Cl, Na, S, Si (increasing order of atomic size) -

Cl < S < Si < Mg < Na

b. Cs, Na, Li, K, Rb (increasing metallic character)

Li < Na < K < Rb < Cs

c. Na, K, Cl, S, Si (increasing ionisation potential) -

Cl < S < Si < Na < K

d. Cl, F, Br, I (increasing electron affinity) -

I < Br < F < Cl

e. Cs, Na, Li, K, Rb (decreasing electronegativity) -

Li > Na > K > Rb > Cs

Question 2:

Chorine in the periodic table is surrounded by the elements with atomic number 9, 16, 18.
(a) Which of these have physical and chemical properties resembling chlorine?
(b) Which is more electronegative than chlorine?

Solution 2:
(a) An element with atomic number 9
(b) An element with atomic number 9.

Question 3:
Arrange the following in order of increasing radii:
(a) Cl¯, Cl
(b) Mg2+, Mg, Mg+
(c) N, O, P
 Solution 3:
(a) Cl < Cl¯
(b) Mg2+ < Mg+ < Mg
(c) O < N < P

Question 4:
Which element from the following has the highest ionization energy?
(a) P, Na, Cl
(b) F, O, Ne
(c) Ne, He, Ar
Explain your choice.

Solution 4:
(a) Cl has highest I.E, Since across the period, ionisation energy tends to increase (the elements
P, Na and Cl belong to same period for which as we move from left to right nuclear charge
increases, for which nuclear pull increase, so it requires more energy to take out an electron).
(b)Ne (Inert gases has stable electronic configuration).

(c) He. Ionisation energy decreases with an increase in the atomic size, i.e. it decreases as one
moves down a group. Ne, He and Ar are inert gases. He - Period 1, Ne - Period 2 and Ar - Period
3.

Question 5:

IA IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA 0

1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18
Li D O J Ne
A Mg E Si H K
B C F G L

Select from the table:

i. Which is the most electronegative?
ii. How many valence electrons are present in G?
iii. Write the formula of the compound between B and H.
iv. In the compound between F and J, what type of bond will be formed?
v. Draw the electron dot structure for the compound formed between C and K.

Solution 5:
i. The most electronegative is J.
ii. Valence electrons present in G are 5.
iii. B contains 1 valence electron and H contains 6 valence electrons. So, the valency of B is +1
and the valency of H is - 2.
iv. In the compound between F and J, the type of bond formed will be covalent.
v. The electron dot structure for the compound formed between C and K is