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6.57(57). A luggage handler pulls a 20.0-kg suitcase up a ramp inclined at 25.0° above the horizontal by a force F of magnitude
140 N that acts parallel to the ramp. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the ramp and the incline is k = 0.300. If the
suitcase travels 3.80 m along the ramp, calculate (a) the work done on the suitcase by the force F; (b) the work done on the

Chapter 6: WORK AND KINETIC ENERGY suitcase by the gravitational force; (c) the work done on the suitcase by the normal force; (d) the work done on the suitcase
by the friction force; (e) the total work done on the suitcase. (f) If the speed of the suitcase is zero at the bottom of the ramp,
what is its speed after it has traveled 3.80 m along the ramp?
Exercises: 1, 5, 7, 13, 19, 21, 25, 27, 29, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 47, 49, 53   
W  F.s  Fs cos(F, s)
Problems: 57(57), 63(62), 65(66), 69, 73, 77, 83, 85, 89, 91, 93, 97, 98, 99 
F

(a) the work done by F W  F.s  F.s.cos 0  140  3.80  532J

F
0

(b) the work done by w

 
Dang Duc Vuong W  w.s  w.s.cos(115 )   20  9.81  3.80  cos115  315J
0 0


w

(c) the work done by the normal force; W  n.s  0J

Email: vuong.dangduc@hust.edu.vn n

(d) the work done by the friction force;

 
W  f .s   n.  s cos(f , s)   w cos 25     s  cos(180 )  202J
f k
0
K
0

(e) the total work done on the suitcase W  W  W  W  W  15J total F f w n

1
(f) The speed of the suitcase W  K  K  mv  0  15  v  1.2  m / s  2

2
total 2 1

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1 6.63(62). A 5.00-kg package slides 1.50 m down a long ramp that is inclined at 12.0° below the horizontal. The coefficient of kinetic friction
Kinetic energy K  mv 2

  2 2   2   2
between the package and the ramp is k = 0.310. Calculate (a) the work done on the package by friction; (b) the work done on the
Work dW  Fds  W   dW   Fds   Fds cos(F,ds) package by gravity; (c) the work done on the package by the normal force; (d) the total work done on the pack age. (e) If the package has
1 1 1

a speed of 2.20 m/s at the top of the ramp, what is its speed after sliding 1.50 m down the ramp? (g) Find how far down the ramp the
package slides before it stop using the work-energy theorem.
    Ox : w sin   f  ma n y
w  n  f  ma   x

Oy :  w cos   n  0
(a) the work done by the friction force; f
   o
W  f .s   n.  s cos(f ,s)   w cos12     s  cos(180 )  22.3J 0 0

Work-Kinetic Energy Theorem: Change in the kinetic energy of the particle = Net work done on the particle f k


K
x
(b) the work done by w W  w.s  w.s.cos(78 )  15.3J 0 12o
1 1
W  K  K  K  mv  mv
w
2 2

 w
2 2
2 1 2 1
(c) the work done by the normal force; W  n.s  0J
Power   n

dW Fds   (d) the total work done on the suitcase W  W  W  W  7.0J

Instantaneous power: P    Fv total f w n

dt dt 1 1
(e) The speed of the suitcase W  K  K  mv  mv  7.0  v  1.4  m / s  2 2

Average power: W 2 2
total 2 1 0

P 
t (g) how far down the ramp the package slides before it stop
avg

1 1 1
W  K  K  mv  mv    5.00 2.2  wscos78   wcos12   s  cos(180 )  s  2.6 m
2 2 2 0 0 0

2 2 2
total 2 1 0 K

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6.73 You and your bicycle have combined mass 80.0 kg. When you reach the base of a
6.65(66). The gravitational pull of the earth on an object is inversely proportional to the square of the distance of the object
bridge, you are traveling along the road at 5.00 m/s (Fig.). At the top of the bridge, you
from the center of the earth. At the earth’s surface this force is equal to the object’s normal weight mg, where g = 9.8 m/s2,
have climbed a vertical distance of 5.20 m and have slowed to 1.50 m/s. You can
and at large distances, the force is zero. If a 20,000-kg asteroid falls to earth from a very great distance away, what will be its
ignore work done by friction and any inefficiency in the bike or your legs. (a) What is
minimum speed as it strikes the earth’s surface, and how much kinetic energy will it impart to our planet? You can ignore the
the total work done on you and your bicycle when you go from the base to the top of
effects of the earth’s atmosphere.
the bridge? (b) How much work have you done with the force you apply to the pedals?
1 1 dr
F  F  k. 1 mgR 2
r Let point 1 be at the base of the bridge and point 2 be at the top of the bridge
r 2
r  F  k.  mg  k  mgR  F 
2 2 E
M
R r 2 E 2
1 1 1
r  R  F  mg
E
E
W  K  K  mv  mv   80.0  1.50  5.00   910  J  2 2 2 2

2 2 2
total 2 1 2 1

  mgR 2
dr
dW  F(r)dr  dr cos180  mgRE 0 2
W W W
r r
F 2 E 2 total person w

RE
   
W   dw   w  ds    w.ds.cos(w,ds)  w  ds cos   w.(0  h)   mgh  4077  J 
2 2 2 2
RE
 dr 
RE
1
W   dW     mgR   mgR    mgR
2 2
w
1 1 1 1
 r  r
F F E 2 E E
 

ds
1 1 1 W  W  W  910  ( 4077)  3170  J  ds.cos
W  W  K  K  mv  mv  mv  mgR  v  2gR  11000  m / s 
2 2 2 person total w

total F
2
2
2
1
2
0 E E 

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6.69 A small block with a mass of 0.120 kg is attached to a cord passing through a hole in a frictionless, 6.77. A 2.50-kg textbook is forced against a horizontal spring of negligible mass and force constant 250 N/m, compressing
horizontal surface (Fig.). The block is originally revolving at a distance of 0.40 m from the hole with a the spring a distance of 0.250 m. When released, the textbook slides on a horizontal tabletop with coefficient of kinetic
speed of 0.70 m/s. The cord is then pulled from below, shortening the radius of the circle in which the friction k = 0.30. Use the work-energy theorem to find how far the textbook moves from its initial position before coming to
block revolves to 0.10 m. At this new distance, the speed of the block is observed to be 2.80 m/s. (a) rest.
What is the tension in the cord in the original situation when the block has speed v = 0.70 m/s? (b)
What is the tension in the cord in the final situation when the block has speed v = 2.80 m/s? (c) How Let point 1 be where the textbook is released and point 2 be where it stops sliding
much work was done by the person who pulled on the cord? 1 1
W  K  K  mv  mv  0  0  0 2 2

2 2
total 2 1 2 1
(a) The free-body diagram for the block
1
W  W  W  kx  (  mgd) with x  0.250  m  2

2
total spring friction k

v 
2

F  ma  ma  m   mv 0.120  0.70 1
 kx   mgd  0  d  1.1 m 
2 2
2

R   T    0.15N
x x rad

2
k

 R 0.40
F T
x 

mv 0.120  2.80
2 2

(b) when the block has speed v = 2.80 m/s T   9.4N

R 0.10
(c) How much work was done by the person
1 1 0.120  2.80 0.120  0.70 2 2

W  W  K  K  mv  mv    0.44J 2 2

2 2 2 2
total F 2 1 0

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6.83 Consider the system shown in Fig. The rope and pulley have negligible mass, and the 6.89 A physics student spends part of her day walking between classes or for recreation, during which time she expends
pulley is frictionless. Initially the 6.00-kg block is moving downward and the 8.00-kg block energy at an average rate of 280 W. The remainder of the day she is sitting in class, studying, or resting; during these
is moving to the right, both with a speed of 0.900 m/s. The blocks come to rest after moving activities, she expends energy at an average rate of 100 W. If she expends a total of 1.1x107 J of energy in a 24-hour day,
2.00 m. Use the work-energy theorem to calculate the coefficient of kinetic friction between how much of the day did she spend walking?
the 8.00-kg block and the tabletop.
1 day = 24h = 24 x 3600 s = 8.64 x 104 s
Apply Wtot= K2−K1 to the system consisting of both blocks A & B. Let twalk be the time she spends walking and tother be the time she spends in other activities
1 1 1
K  m v  m v  m  m  v 2 2 2

The energy expended in each activity is the power output times the time E  P  t
2
1
2 2
A 1 B
1
1 A B 1

W  K  K   m  m  v 2

K 0 2
total 2 1 A B 1
 1 day : E  P  t  280  t  100  t  1.1 10  J  7

t  1.31 10  s   218  min   3.6  h 

2 ave walk other
4

t  t  8.64  10  s  4 walk

W W W total wA friction
 m gd   m gd
A k B
walk other

1 m m  m  v
2

 m gd   m gd   m  m  v      0.786
2 A A B 1

2 m 2m gd
A k B A B 1 k
B B

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6.85. On an essentially frictionless, horizontal ice rink, a skater moving at 3.0 m/s encounters a rough patch that reduces her 6.91. The Grand Coulee Dam is 1270 m long and 170 m high. The electrical power output from generators at its base is
speed by 45% due to a friction force that is 25% of her weight. Use the work-energy theorem to find the length of this rough approximately 2000 MW. How many cubic meters of water must flow from the top of the dam per second to produce this
patch. amount of power if 92% of the work done on the water by gravity is converted to electrical energy? (Each cubic meter of
water has a mass of 1000 kg.)
Let point 1 be just before she reaches the rough patch and let point 2 be where she exits from the patch.
1 1 The power output is Pav = 2000 MW
W  K  K  mv  mv 2 2

2 2
total 2 1 2 1

1 92% of the work done on the water by gravity is converted to electrical power output, so in
v  3.0  m / s  1 W  m  0.45v
2
total  1

2
v 1
2
 1.00 s the amount of work done on the water by gravity is
v  45%v P .t  2000  10  (1.00)
6

W   2.174  10  J 
2 1 9
av

W Wtotal friction
  mgd k
0.92 0.92
1 W = mgh so the mass of water flowing over the dam in 1.00 s must be
  mgd  mv (0.45  1)  d  1.5  m  2 2

2 W 2.174  10
k 1 9

m   1.30  10  kg  6

gh 9.81 170
m 1.30  10  kg  6

The volume of water V    1.30  10  m 3 3


 1.00  10  kg.m  3 3

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6.93 Power of the Human Heart. The human heart is a powerful and extremely reliable pump. Each day it takes in and dis- 6.98. Automotive Power I. A truck engine transmits 28.0 kW (37.5 hp) to the driving wheels when the truck is traveling
charges about 7500 l of blood. Assume that the work done by the heart is equal to the work required to lift this amount of at a constant velocity of magnitude 60.0km/h (37.3 mi/h) on a level road. (a) What is the resisting force acting on the
blood a height equal to that of the average American woman (1.63 m). The density (mass per unit volume) of blood is truck? (b) Assume that 65% of the resisting force is due to rolling friction and the remainder is due to air resistance. If the
1.05x105 kg/m3. (a) How much work does the heart do in a day? (b) What is the heart's power output in watts? force of rolling friction is independent of speed, and the force of air resistance is proportional to the square of the speed,
what power will drive the truck at 30.0 km/h? At 120.0 km/h? Give your answers in kilowatts and in horsepower.
(a) What is the resisting force?
(a) calculate m from the volume of blood pumped by the heart in one day   
Constant velocity F  F  F 0 F F F V= 60.0km/h
m  V  net engine resis tan ce resis tan ce engine

  m  1.05  10 kg.m  7.50 m   7.875  10 (kg)

3 3 3 3

V  7500  7.50  m   3 28.0  10 (w) P 3

P  Fv  F  1

 1.68 10 (N)  F  1.68  10 3 3
(N)
1 1
1000  m 
1
v
resis tan ce1
P = 28.0 kW
One day, the work done by heart: W  mgh  7.875  9.81 1.63  1.26 10  J  5 60.0  km.h   1 1

3600  s 
(b) The heart's power output (b,c) The power of the truck when v2 = 30.0 km/h P  F  F  v roll air

W 1.26  10  J  5
v  v  60km / h F  0.65 P 1 v  v  30km / h
2

P    1.46  w 
1
v
roll
 P 0.35P 
t  24 h    3600 s.h
av 1
 P 0.35P
1
P   0.65  v  v  10.3  kw   13.8  hp 
1 1 2

F ~ v  F  1  0.65   kv  k 
2  P 0.35P  2 2
 v v 
3 2 2

P   0.65 
1 1
air
v
air
v v v 1 3
1 1 2
1 1

 v v  1 1
3

v  v  120km / h
0.35P 0.35P 1 1

k F 
3
v 1 1 2

v v 3 air 3
 P 0.35P 
1 1 P   0.65  v  v  114.8  kw   154  hp 
1 1 2

v v
2 3 3 3
 1 1

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6.97 Cycling. For a touring bicyclist the drag coefficient C(fair = 1/2.CAv2) is 1.00, the frontal area A is 0.463 m2 , and the coefficient 6.99 Automotive Power II. (a) If 8.00 hp are required to drive a 1800-kg automobile at 60.0 km/h on a level road, what is the total retarding
of rolling friction is 0.0045. The rider has mass 50.0 kg, and her bike has mass 12.0 kg. (a) To maintain a speed of 12.0m/s (about 27 force due to friction, air resistance, and so on? (b) What power is necessary to drive the car at 60.0 km/h up a 10.00/0 grade (a hill rising 10.0
mi/h) on a level road, what must the rider's power output to the rear wheel be? (b) For racing, the same rider uses a different bike with m vertically in 100.0 m horizontally)? (c) What power is necessary to drive the car at 60.0 km/h down a 1.00% grade? (d) Down what
coefficient of rolling friction 0.0030 and mass 9.00 kg. She also crouches down, reducing her drag coefficient to 0.88 and reducing her percent grade would the car coast at 60.0 km/h?
  
frontal area to 0.366 m2. What must her power output to the rear wheel be then to maintain a speed of 12.0 m/s? (c) For the situation in a) The total retarding force? P  (F  F )v 1 friction air

part (b), what power output is required to maintain a speed of 6.0 m/s? Note the great drop in power requirement when the speed is only 746  w 
P  8.00hp  8.00  hp   5968  w 
halved. (For more on aerodynamic speed limitations for a wide variety of human-powered vehicles, see "The Aerodynamics of Human- 1 hp 
1

Powered Land Vehicles," Scientific American, December 1983.) P 5968  w  5968  w 

F F  1
  358  N 
v 60.0  kmh  1000(m.km ) 16.67  m.s 
1
tan  = 0.10  =5.71o
resis tan ce 1
1

(a) on a level road P = ? A = 0.463 m2 3600(s.h ) 1

P  F v (b) v = 60.0 km/h, drive up, tan  = 0.10

total
          
1
F  F  F   .N  CAv    m  m  g  CAv
1 F  F  F  F  W  N  0  F  F  F  W  N
fair = 1/2.CAv2
2 2

 P  513  w                  
net engine friction air engine friction air

2 2 P  F v   N  F  F  W  v  Nv  (F  F )v  Wv  (F  F )v  Wv
total roll air roll roll rider bike

air = 1.2 kg.m-3 P  P  wv  P   mg sin   .v

v  12.0  m / s  engine friction air
  
friction air friction air 1 1

P  (F  F )v  5968  1800  9.81 sin 5.71  35168  w   47.1 hp  o

  0.0045; m  50.0kg; m  12.0kg

roll rider bike
1 friction air

(c) v = 60.0 km/h, drive down, tan  = 0.010   = 0.5729o

 1  
(b) For racing P = ? P   F  F   v     m  m  g  CAv  v  354  w  2

Since Fair ~v2 and, P  P  Wv  P   mgsin   .v  5968  1800  9.81  sin 0.5729  3028  w   4.06  hp  o

 2 
roll air roll rider bike
1 1

 1  P = Fv reducing the speed greatly (d) Down what percent grade would the car coast at 60.0 km/h?
(c) v = 6.0 m/s P   F  F   v     m  m  g  CAv  v  52.1 w  2


roll
2
air

roll rider bike
 reduces the power required. P  P  Wv  0  P   mgsin   .v  0  sin   0.02030  tan   0.0203  2.03% grade
1 1

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