UNIT-I

9.4.1.1 Subjective Questions

1. Define sample space and explain the difference between discrete sample space and
continuous sample space by giving examples.
2. Given the following probability function:
X x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
P ( X  x) = 0 c 2c 2c 3c c2 c2 7c 2  c
f (x)

Find (a) c (b) E ( X ) (c) E ( X 2 ) (d) P ( X  6) (e) P( X  6) (f)

P (0  X  5) .

3. Define probability density function. If a random variable has the probability density
 2e  2 x x0
f ( x)   find the probabilities that it will take on a value
 0 elsewhere,

(a) between 1 and 3 (b) greater than 0.5.

4. A random variable X has density function
 ce 3 x x0
f ( x)   Find
 0 elsewhere.

(a) the constant c (b) P ( 1  X  2 ) (c) P ( X  3 ) .

 k (1  x 2 ) 0  x 1
5. A random variable X has density function: f ( x)  
 0 elsewhere.

Find the value of k and the probabilities that X will take on a value
(a) between 0.1 and 0.2 (b) greater than 0.5.
1
6. Find the mean and the variance of the uniform probability distribution given by f ( x) 
n
for x  1, 2, 3,  , n.

7. Explain binomial distribution.

8. Ten coins are thrown simultaneously. Find the probability of getting at least seven heads.

9. The incidence of occupational disease in an industry is such that the workers have a 20%
chance of suffering from it. What is the probability that out of 6 workers chosen at random,
four or more will suffer from the disease?
10. Determine the Binomial distribution for which the mean is 4 and variance 3. Also find its
mode.
11. Find the mean of the probability distribution of the number of heads in three flips of a
balanced coin.
12. If in eight throws of a fair die, getting a 5 or 6 is considered as a success, find the mean and
the standard deviation of the successes.
13. The mean and variance of binomial distribution are 4 and 4/3 respectively. Find the
probability of occurrence of
(a ) at most one success (b) least 3 successes.
14. A car hire firm has two cars, which it hires out day by day. The number of demands for a car
on each day is distributed as Poisson variable with mean 1.5. Calculate the proportion of days
on which
(a) neither car is used (b) some demand is refused.
15. Over a 10-minute period, a counter records an average of 1.3 gamma particles per
millisecond coming off a radioactive substance. To a good approximation of the count, X ,
of gamma particles during the next millisecond is Poisson. Determine the parameter ;the
probability of one or more gamma particles; the variance.

16 Find the probability that a random variable having the standard normal distribution will take
on a value between 0.87 and 1.28 between  0.34 and 0.62.
17. If X is a normal variate with mean 30 and the standard deviation 5, find the probabilities
that
(a) 26  X  40 (b) X  45.
18. In a normal distribution, 7% of the items are under 35 and 89% are under 63. Find the mean
and the standard deviation of the distribution.
19. In a normal distribution 31% of the items are under 31% and 8% are over 64. Find the mean
and standard deviation of the distribution.
20. If the height of 300 students are normally distributed with mean 172 centimeters and
standard deviation 6 cm, how many students have heights greater than 184 centimeters;
between 164 and 180 centimeters (inclusive) and equal to 172 centimeters?
21. Prove that Poisson distribution is a limiting case of a binomial distribution (Alternatively this
may be proved by using mgf)
22. A manufacturer of cotter pins knows that 5% of his product is defective. If he sells cotter pins
in losses of 100 and guarantees that not more than 10 pins will be defective. What is the
approximate probability that a box will fail to meet the guaranteed quality?
23. A population consists of six numbers 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24. Consider all samples of size two
which can be drawn without replacement from this population. Find the means of sampling
distribution of means the population standard deviation the population standard deviation the
mean of the sampling distribution of means the standard deviation of the sampling
distribution of means.
Verify (iii) and (iv) by use of suitable formulae.
24. A population consists of the five numbers 3, 4, 7, 9, and 12. Consider all possible samples
of size two, which can be drawn with replacement from this population. Find:
the mean of the population
the standard deviation of the population
the mean of the sampling distribution of means
the standard error of means.
25. If 2 gallon can of paint covers on the average 800 sft. with standard deviation 80 sft., what is
the probability that the mean area covered by the sample of 60 of these 2 gallon cans will be
any where from 750 to 825 sft.?
26. If a random sample of size n is taken from a population having the mean  and the
variance, then prove that X is a random variable whose distribution has the mean 

9.4.1.2 Assignment Questions

1. Define the following

(i) Random variable (ii)Distribution function (iii) Condition probability
n
2. Show that for the binomial distribution: f ( x)   x  p x ( n  p ) n  x , x  0, 1,  , n
 
(a) the mean is np .
(b) the variance is np(1  p ).
3. Show that both median and mode of normal distribution coincide with its mean.
4. If the height of 300 students are normally distributed with mean 172 centimeters and standard
deviation 6 cm, how many students have heights
greater than 184 centimeters;
between 164 and 180 centimeters (inclusive) and
equal to 172 centimeters?

9.4.1.3 Tutorial Questions

1. Definitions of conditional probability, baye’s theorem.

2. Random variables and their types.
3.The mean and variance of binomial distribution are 4 and 4/3 respectively. Find the probability
of occurrence of
(a ) at most one success (b) least 3 successes.
4 .Chief characteristics of Normal distribution.
9.4.1.4 Objective Questions

1. If the standard deviation of Poisson distribution is  2 then the probability for r=2 is
a) 1/e2 b)2/e2 c)1/e d)2/ e
2. If the probability of a defective fuse is .05,the variance for the distribution of defective fuses
in a total of 40 is
a) 1 b)3 c)5 d)2
3. The probability of getting number 5 exactly two times in five throws of an unbiased
die is
a) 10 x 13/65 b)10 x 53/65 c)10 x 43/65
d)none
4. Let X be the Poisson Random Variable such that 2 P(X=0)=P(X=2) then thestandard
deviation of X is
a) 4 b)2 c)- 2 d) 2
5. The random variable X has a Poisson Distribution .If P(X=3)=1/6 P(X=2)=1/3 then
P(X=0) is
a) e-3/2 b)e3/2 c)e-3 d)e-1/2
5. A card is drawn from a well-shuffled pack of cards. A sequence of 156 consecutive
trials are made. Using Poisson distribution the probability that the Queen of clubs will be drawn
at least once is
a) e-3 b)1-e-3 c)e-1/3 d)1- e-1/3
6. The mean of the marks obtained by the students is 50 and the variance is 25. If a Student
gets 60 marks his standard score is
a) 1 b)2 c)1.5 d)none
7. If pdf =f(x)= x2/9 in 0<x<2 then mean is
a) 9/8 b)1/ 8 c)0.98 d)1.21
8. If P(0 z z1)=0.3770 then z1 is
a)  1.16 b) 1 c) 0.98 d)1.21
9. Finite population correction factor:
a) N-n/(n-1) b)N-1/(N-n) c)N-n/(N-1) d)n-1/(N-n)
10. If a sample of size ‘5’ results in the sample values 7, 9, 1, 6, 2 then sample variance is
a) 2 b)2.1 c)2.02 d)2.01
11. If the population is of size ‘N’ if the sampling is with replacement and if sample size is n
 N then variance of sample mean is
 a) 2/N b)2(N-n) / n( N-1) c)2/n d)n(N-n) / 2
(N-1)
12. If a population consists of five numbers 2 ,3, 6 , 8, 11 and a sample of size two is drawn
from it under the condition without replacement then mean of sampling distribution of
means is
a) 4 b)5 c)7 d)6
13. If the size of the sample is 5 and size of population is 2000 the correction factor is
a) 0.999 b)1.001 c)0.55 d)0.658
UNIT-II
9.4.2.1 Subjective Questions
1. Explain the method of least squares.
Write a short note on the method of least squares to fit a straight line.
2. The following are measurements of the air velocity ( x cm / sec) and evaporation
coefficient ( y mm 2 /sec) of burning fuel droplets in an impulse engine:
x 60 61 100 140 180 220 260 300 340 380
y 0.18 0.37 0.35 0.78 0.56 0.75 1.18 1.36 1.17 1.65

Fit a straight line to the above data by the method of least squares.
3. Fit a straight line to the following data:
x: 1 2 3 4 6 8
y: 2.4 3 3.6 4 5 6
4. The following data pertain to the number of jobs (x) per day and CPU time (y) required:
x 1 2 3 4 5
y 2 5 4 9 10

Use the above data to obtain a least squres line of fit to the observations as on CPU time and
also estimate the mean CPU time at x  3.5.
5. Estimate Y at x  2.25 by fitting an indifference curve of the form y  ax  b to
the following data:
1 2 3 4
x
y 3 1.5 6 7.5
6. Given the following data, find the least-squres regressin lines of X on y and of
Y on x :
 Weight of son Weight of son Weight of son
Weight (Y kg) (Y kg) (Y kg)
of father
( X kg)

65 68 70 68
63 66 66 65
67 68 68 71
64 65 67 67
68 69 69 68
62 66 71 70

7. Explain the method of fitting a second-degree parabola by using the principle of least
squares.
8. Fit a least-squares parabola y  a  bx  cx 2 to the following data:
X 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
2.4 2.1 3.2 5.6 9.3 14.6 21.9
9. Fit a parabola for the following data:
X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9
Y 2 6 7 8 10 11 11 10 9
10. Predict Y at x  3.75 by fitting a power curve to the following data:
X 1 2 3 4 5 6
Y 2.98 4.26 5.21 6.10 6.80 7.50

11. Fit an exponential curve of the form y  a e b x to the following data:

x 1 2 3 4
y 7 11 17 27
12. Predict the mean radiation dose at an altitude of 3000 feet by fitting an exponential curve to
the following data:
Dose of radiaton
( y)
Altitude
( x)
 50 28
450 30
780 32
1200 36
4400 51
4800 58
5300 69
13. Write a short note on correlation.
14. Two variables x and y are connected by the relation ax  by  c  0. Prove that the
coefficient of correlation between them is either  1 or – 1.
15. Compare and contrast the roles of correlation and regression in studying the interdependence
of two random variables.
16. Obtain the coefficient of correlation and the equations of the lines of regressions for
the following data:
X 65 66 67 67 68 69 79 72
Y 67
65 68 72 72 69 71 68
17. Find the correlation coefficient between x and y and obtain the two regression lines for
the data given below:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
x
y 10 12 16 28 25 36 41 49 40 50
18. Find the rank correlation coefficient for the following data:
x 56 42 72 36 63 47 55 49 38 42 68 60
y 147 125 160 118 149 128 150 145 11 140 15 15
5 2 5
19. Find the rank correlation coefficient for the following data: (S)
X 68 64 75 50 64 80 75 40 55 64
Y 62 58 68 45 81 60 68 48 50 70
20. Find the correlation coefficient for the following bivariate distribution:
15 – 25 25 – 35 35 - 45 45 – 55 55 – 65 65 -75
15 – 25 1 1
25 – 35 2 12 1
35 - 45 4 10 1
45 – 55 3 6 1
 55 – 65 1 2 4 2
65 -75 1 2

9.4.2.2 Assignment Questions

1.Find the correlation coefficient between x and y and obtain the two regression lines for the
data given below:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
x
y 10 12 16 28 25 36 41 49 40 50

2. Explain the method of fitting a second-degree parabola by using the principle of least squares
9.4.2.3 Tutorial Questions

9.4.2.4 Objective Questions

1. The straight line fitted by least squares method is y=a0+1.2x then mean of x and y are 5 and
15 then a0 is
a) 5 b)12 c)9 d)7
2. Two lines of regression pass through the point
a) (x, y) b)(x, y) c)origin d)none
3. Arithmetic mean of the coefficients of regression is
a) Coefficient of correlation b)least square regression c)multiple regression d)none of
these
4. If SXY=38 ,SXX=SYY=40 then the coefficient of correlation is
a) 0.9 b)0.95 c)0.85 d)0.75
5. If the coefficient of regression of x<0 then bxy is
a) < 0 b)=0 c)> 0 d) 0
6. If the coefficient of correlation between the variables x and y is –1 then the lines of
regression
a) intersect b)coincide c)parallel d)none
7. If  xy = 75 and x2=70 then the fitted straight line y=ax by method of squares has ‘a’ value
a) 1.05 b)1.07 c)1.21 d)0.9
8. If r=0.4 and n=9 then standard error of r is
a) 0.18 b)0.38 c)0.28 d)none
9. The two lines of regression are y=2x+3 and x= y/3+2 with x=2 then y is
 a) 2.9 b)3.8 c)7.3 d)4.8
10. If x+y > 0 then coefficient of correlation is
a) < 0 b)> 0 c) 0 d) 0
11. The straight line to be fitted to y= x+a by method of least squares given that x=3
and y=7 then a is
a) 0.95 b)0.85 c)0.75 d)1.25
12. If x= 4 y= 8 x =2 y= 3 and r=0.3 then the line of regression of y on x is
a) y=0.45x+6.2 b)y=0.55x+4.2 c)y=-0.45x-6.2
d)y=0.55x-4.2
13. The coefficient of regression of y on x is ½ The ratio of the regression coefficients
is ½ then r=
a) 1 b)2 c)0.7 d)none
14.If r= 0.26 the sum of the squares of differences of ranks is 122.5 then n is
a) 10 b)12 c)13 d)9
15. The lines of regression of y on x and x on y are y= 0.4 x +0.009 and x= 0.7 y+1.0
respectively then x is
a) 1.486 b)1.476 c)1.576 d)1.586
16. If di2=45 n=10. In x series 2 variables are repeated and in y series one value is repeated
thrice then rank correlation is
a) 0.17 b)0.71 c)0.51 d)0.27
17. The line y= x+a is the line of regression of y on x. Given that x= 3 and y= 7then coefficient
of correlation is
a) 1 b)2 c)3 d)none
18. If the variables x and y are independent then the angle between the lines of regression is
a) 0 b)450 c)600 d)900
19. If two coefficients of regression are 0.1 and 0.4 then coefficient of correlation is
a) 0.1 b)0.2 c)00.3 d)0.4
20. If di2= 24.5 and N=10 the rank correlation coefficient is
a) > 0 b)< 0 c) 0 d) 0

UNIT-III
9.4.3.1 Subjective Questions
1. Define and distinguish between point estimation and interval estimation.
2. Explain the terms:
Unbiased Estimator,
More Efficient Unbiased Estimator
Maximum Error of Estimate.
3. In measuring reaction time, a psychologist estimates that the standard deviation is 0.05
second. How large a sample of measurements must be taken in order to be 99% confident
that the error of his estimate will not exceed 0.01 seconds?
4. A research worker wants to determine the average time it takes a mechanic to rotate the tires
of a car, and she wants to be able to assert with 95% confidence that the mean of her sample
is off by at most 0.5 minute. If she presumes from the past experience that   1.6 minutes,
how large a sample will she have to take?
5. Inspecting ceramic tiles prior to their shipment, a quality control engineer detects 2, 3, 6, 0,
4 and 9 defectives in six cartons, each containing 144 tiles. What can we assert with a
probability of 0.99 about the possible size of his error, if he uses the mean of this sample to
estimate the true average number of defective tiles per carton?

6. A random sample of size n =100 is taken from a population with   5.1. Give that the
sample mean is X  21.6 . Construct a 95% confidence interval for the population mean.
7. Measurements of the weights of a random sample of 200 ball bearings made by a certain
achine during are week shows a mean of 0.824 Newtons and a standard deviation of 0.042
Newtons. Find 95% confidence limits for the mean weight of all the ball bearings.

8. The mean weight loss of grinding balls after a certain length of time in mill slurry is 3.42
grams with a standard deviation of 0.68 grams. Construct 99% confidence interval for the
true mean weight loss of such grinding balls.
9. Out of a consignment of 100000 tennis balls 496 were selected at random and examined
and it was found that 20 of these were defective. How many defective balls can you reasonably
expect to have in the whole consignment at 95% confidence level?
10. Write a short note on Null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis Type I and Type II errors (c)
Critical region (d) Level of significance
11. Explain basic steps involved in testing of hypothesis.

12. A trucking firm suspects that claim that the average life time of certain tires is at least
28,000 miles. To test the claim, the firm pus 40 of these tires on its trucks and gets a mean
life time of 27, 463 miles with a standard deviation of 1, 348 miles. What can it conclude if
the probability of type I error is to be at most 0.01?
14. An ambulance service claims that it takes, on the average 8.9 minutes to reach its destination
in emergency calls. To test this claim, the agency which issues license to ambulance services
 has them timed on 50 emergency calls getting a mean of 9.2 minutes and a standard deviation
of 1.6 minutes. What can they infer at 5% level of significance?
15. The mean lifetime of 100 fluorescent light bulb produced by a company is computed to be
1570 hours with a standard duration of 120 hours. If  is the lifetime of all the bulbs
produced by the company, test the hypothesis that  = 1600 hours against the alternative
hypothesis:   1600 hours using a load of significance of 0.05.
16. A lady stenographer claims that she can take dictation at the rate of 120 words per minute.
Can we reject her claim on the basis of 100 trials in which she demonstrates a mean of 116
words with a standard deviation of 15 words per minute?
17. An Oceanographer wants to check whether the average depth of the ocean in a certain region
is 57.4 fathoms, as had previously recorded. What can he conclude at   0.05 level of
significance if soundings taken at 40 random locations in the given region yielded a mean of
59.1 fathoms with a standard deviation of 5.2 fathoms?
18. A paint manufacturer’s claim that the average drying time of his new fast-drying paint is 20
minutes. To test this claim a governmental agency painted 36 boards, respectively with paint
from 36 different cans of this paint dried on the average in 20.75 minutes. If it is known from
the past experience that the standard deviation of such drying times can be expected to equal
  2.4 minutes, is this sufficient evidence to take appropriate action against the
manufacturer?
19. A manufacturer of fuses claims that with a 20% overload, the fuses will blow in 12.40
minutes on the average. To test this claim, a sample of 20 of these fuses was subjected to a
20% overload and the times it took them to blow had a mean of 10.63 minutes and standard
deviation of 2.48 minutes. It can be assumed drawn from a normal population. Do they tend
to support or refute the claim of the manufacturer?
20. A process of making certain bearings is under control if the diameters of the bearings have a
mean of 0.50 cm. What can we say about this process if a sample of 10 of these bearings has
a mean diameter of 0.5060 cm and a standard deviation of 0.0040 cm?
21.On the basis of their total scores, 200 candidates of a civil service examination are divided in
to two groups ,the upper 30% and the remaining 70%. Consider the first question of the
examination.Among the first group,40 had the correct answer, where as among the second
group,80 had the correct answer. on the basis of these results , can one conclude that the the
first question is not good at discriminating ability of the type being examined here?
22.A manufacture of electronic equipment subjects samples of two completing brands of
transistors to an accelerated performance test . If 45 0f 180 transistors of the first kind and 34
0f 120 transistors of the second kind fail the test, what can conclude at the level of significance
0.05 about the difference between the corresponding sample proportions.
23. Random samples of 400 men and 600 women in a locality were asked whether they would
like to have a bus stop near their residence. 200 men and 325 women were in favour of the
proposal. Test the hypothesis that proportions of men and women in favour of the proposal
are same in the male and female at 5% level of significance.
24. In a sample of 600 men from a certain large city, 450 were found to be smokers. In one of
900 from another city 450 are smokers. Do the data indicate that the cities are significantly
different with respect to prevalence of smoking among men
25. Explain the Student’s t  distribution. What is the importance of t  distribution in
Statistics
26. In an air pollution study, the following amounts of suspended benzene soluble organic
matter (in micrograms per cubic meter) were obtained at an experiment station for eight
different samples of ir: 2.2, 1.8, 3.1, 2.0, 2.4, 2.0, 2.1 and 1.2. Construct 95% confidence
interval for the corresponding true mean
27. The standard deviation of the heights of 16 male students chosen at random in a school of
1000 male students is 6.10 cm. Find 95% and 99% confidence limits of the standard deviation
for all male students at the school.
28. A random sample of size 25 from a normal population has the mean 47.5 and the standard
deviation 8.4. Does this information tend to support the claim that the mean of the population
is  = 42.1?
29.Test runs with 6 models of an experimental engine showed that they operated for 24, 28, 21,
23, 32 and 22 minutes with a gallon of certain kind of fuel. If the probability of type I error is
to be atmost 0.01, is this evidence against a hypothesis that on the average this kind of engine
will operate for atleast 29 minutes per gallon of this kind of fuel? (Assume normality)

30. A sample of 9 items had the following values: 45, 47, 50, 52, 48, 47, 49, 53 and 51. Does the
mean of these nine items differ significantly from the assumed population mean of 47.5?
31. Measurements of the fat content of two kinds of ice cream, Brand A and Brand B, yielded the
following sample data:
Brand A (%) 13.5 14.0 13.6 12.9 13.0

Brand B (%) 12.9 13.0 12.4 13.5 12.7

Test the null hypothesis that 1 = 2 (where 1 and 2 are the respective true average fat
contents of the two kinds of ice creams) against the alternative 1  2 at 5% level of
significance.
32. Samples of three kinds of materials, subjected to extreme temperature changes, produced the
results shown in the following table:

Material A Material B Material C Material D

Crumbled 41 27 22 90
Remained intact 79 53 78 210
 Use 0.05 level of significance to test whether under the stated conditions, the
probability of crumbling is the same for three kinds of materials.
33. Explain the Chi-square test for independence of two attributes.
34. To determine whether there really is a relation between an employee’s performance in the
company’s training program and his or her ultimate success in the job, it takes a sample of
400 cases from its very extensive files and obtains the results shown below:

Performance
Success Above Average Below
in average average

job Poor 23 60 29
Average 28 79 60
Very good 9 49 63
Use 1% level of significance to test the null hypothesis that the performance in the
training program and success in the job are independent.
35. A large electronics firm that hires many handicapped workers wants to determine whether
their handicaps affect such worker’s performance. Use 5% level of significance to decide on
the basis of the sample data shown in the following table whether it is reasonable to maintain
that the handicaps have no effect on the worker’s performance:

Performance
Above average Average Below average
Blind 21 64 17
Deaf 16 49 14
No handicapped 29 93 28

9.4.3.2 Assignment Questions

1. A population consists of the five numbers 3, 4, 7, 9, and 12. Consider all possible samples of
size two, which can be drawn with replacement from this population. Find:
a) the mean of the population b)the standard deviation of the population
c) the mean of the sampling distribution of means d)the standard error of
means.
2. Write a short note on
a) Null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis
b) Type I and Type II errors
c) Critical region
 d) Level of significance
3. The mean lifetime of 100 fluorescent light bulb produced by a company is computed to be
1570 hours with a standard duration of 120 hours. If  is the lifetime of all the bulbs
produced by the company, test the hypothesis that  = 1600 hours against the alternative
hypothesis:   1600 hours using a load of significance of 0.05.
4. On the basis of their total scores, 200 candidates of a civil service examination are divided in
to two groups ,the upper 30% and the remaining 70%. Consider the first question of the
examination .Among the first group,40 had the correct answer, where as among the second
group,80 had the correct answer. on the basis of these results , can one conclude that the the
first question is not good at discriminating ability of the type being examined here?
5. A manufacture of electronic equipment subjects samples of two completing brands of
transistors to an accelerated performance test . If 45 0f 180 transistors of the first kind and 34
0f 120 transistors of the second kind fail the test, what can conclude at the level of significance
0.05 about the difference between the corresponding sample proportions.

6 The following are the average weekly losses of worker-hours due to accidents in 10 industrial
plants before and after a certain safety program was put into operation: 45 and 36, 73 and 60,
46 and 44, 124 and 119, 33 and 35, 57 and 51, 83 and 77, 34 and 29, 26 and 24, and 17 and
11 Use 5% level of significance to test whether the safety program is effective.
7. The measure ments of the out put of two units have given the following results. Assuming that both
samples have been obtained from the normal populations at 10% significant level,test whether the
two populations have the same variance.
Unit-A 14.1 10.1 14.7 13.7 14.0
Unit-B 14.0 14.5 13.7 12.7 14.1

9.4.3.3 Tutorial Questions

1.Write a short note on
a) Null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis
b) Type I and Type II errors
c) Critical region
d) Level of significance
2.Procesure for setting null hypothesis/alternative hypothesis concerning one ean/difference
between means.
3.In a sample of 600 men from a certain large city, 450 were found to be smokers. In one of 900
from another city 450 are smokers. Do the data indicate that the cities are significantly
different with respect to prevalence of smoking among men?
4.Procesure for setting null hypothesis/alternative hypothesis concerning one
proportion/difference between the proportions
5. A random sample of size 25 from a normal population has the mean 47.5 and the standard
Deviation 8.4. Does this information tend to support the claim that the mean of the population
is  = 42.1?
6.Explain the Chi-square test for independence of two attributes.

9.4.3.4 Objective Questions

1. If size of the sample is 121 and standard deviation of the population is 2 then standard
error of mean of sampling distribution is
a) 0.25 b)0.32 c)0.1 d)0.182
2. If a sample is taken from an infinite population and sample size is increased from 25 to 100
the effect on standard error is
a) multiplied by 3 b)remains same c)divided by 2
d)multiplied by 2
3. If a sample is taken from an infinite population and the sample size is decreased from 1000
to 160 the effect of standard error is
a) multiplied by 5 b) divided by 5 c)multiplied
by 5/2 d)divided by 5/2
4. If a sample of size 64 is taken from a population whose standard deviation is 0.4 then
probable error is
a) 0.330 b)0.337 c)0.42 d)0.45
5. Type 1 error means……………………………………………
6. Type 2 error means……………………………………………..
7. Define Hypothesis……………………………………………..
8. Alternative Hypothesis means…………………………………
9. Null Hypothesis means means…………………………………
10. Hypothesis concerning one mean formula……………………….
11. Hypothesis concerning diff b/w means formula………………….
12. One tail test means……………………………………………….
13. Two tail test means……………………………………………….
14. If  =30.5 n=100 =8.35 and x =28.8 then |z | is
a) 2.58 b)2.68 c)2.78 d)2.88
15 If the population is 2,4 ,6 8,10.If samples of size 2 are taken with replacement then
mean of means of sample distribution is
a) 2 b)4 c)6 d)8
16. Samples of size 2 taken from the population 62,57,63,58. Variance of the mean
of sampling distribution is
a) 2 b)2.11 c)2.27 d)2.17
17. A random sample of size 64 is taken from an infinite population having mean 50
and variance 25. The probability that x is less than 51.5 is
a) 0.9918 b)0.9234 c)0.9567
d)0.9327
18. The size of the sample is 121.Mean and standard deviation of the population are 70 and
10.The probability that x is greater than 72 is
a) 0.025 b)0. C)0.2 d)0.013
19. For the sample mean x, the standard error is
a) √n b)√n / c)/√n d)none
20. Level of significance means………………………………………..

2 1. Define proportion…………………………………………
22. Test statistic for significance for single proportion………………………….
23. Test statistic for significance for difference of proportion………………………….
24. Type 1 error means……………………………………………
25. Type 2 error means……………………………………………..
26. Define Hypothesis……………………………………………..
27. Alternative Hypothesis means…………………………………
28. Null Hypothesis means means…………………………………
29. Hypothesis concerning one mean formula……………………….
30. Hypothesis concerning diff b/w means formula………………….
31 One tail test means……………………………………………….
32. Two tail test means……………………………………………….
33. A random sample of 400 products contains 52 defective items. Standard error of proportions
is
a) 0.0265 B)0.0165 c)0.0365 d)0.0565
34. Two random samples of sizes 40 and 50 whose standard deviations are 10 and 15.Variance of
the difference between means of mean of sampling distribution is
a) 6 b)5 c)7 d)8
35. If True proportion p= 1/3 , the maximum error with 0.95 probability is0.02 then sample
size is
a) 0.168 b)0.268 c)0.568 d)0.468
36. If the maximum error with 99% confidence is 0.06 and =1 then size of the sample is
a) 1899 b)1879 c)1869 d)1849
37. If the standard deviation of Poisson distribution is  2 then the probability for r=2 is
a) 1/e2 b)2/e2 c)1/e d)2/ e
38. If the probability of a defective fuse is .05,the variance for the distribution of defective
fuses in a total of 40 is
a) 1 b)3 c)5 d)2
39. The probability of getting number 5 exactly two times in five throws of an unbiased
die is
40. Test statistic for significance for single proportion----------------------------------

41. The value of F0.95 for V1=10 and V2=20 degree of freedom is
a) 0.56 b)0.46 c)0.26 d)0.36
42. The collection of objects of an operation is called
a) statistics b)probability c)event d)population
43. The marks of 5 students in the subjects are 45,47,49,61,48 and mean of the population is
52 then t=
a) 0.5 b)0.6 c)0.7 d)0.8
44. If size of sample is 200 and population is 2000, then correction factor is
a) 0.5 b)0.9 c)0.7 d)0.8
45. If the size of the samples is 5, and size of population is 2000 then correction factor is
a) 0.699 b)0.799 c)0.899 d)0.999
46. A Binomial distribution was fitted in using 2 test .If n=5, expected frequency at x=2 is 100
then f(3) is
a) 2.2 b)3.2 c)4.2 d)5.2
4 7. Two samples whose variances 2X=64 and 2Y=25 and sizes are 100 and 64 then 2X-Y is
a) 100 b)101 c)102 d)103
48. Two samples of sizes 200 and 300 and variances 100 and 144 are taken. The standard error
1-2 is
a) 0.9 b)0.99 c)1.2 d)0.6
49. Random samples of 200 men and 100 women were asked whether they want bus stop in
their colony.50 men and 80 women said yes. Then standard error of population is
a) 18.2 b)19.2 c)17.2 d)18.6
50. We want to be at least 99% confidence that the error is at the most 0.03.Then sample size is
 a) 1950 b)1829 c)1899 d)1849
51. The variances of two samples were 25 and 225.Sample sizes are 9 and 15 then standard error
of 1-2 is
a) 4 b)4.1 c)4.2 d)4.3
52. If n=9, s=0.15,the maximum error with 0.99 probability is
a) 0.15 b)0.158 c)0.258 d)0.168
53. A sample of size 2 is taken from a population whose standard deviation is 3. The maximum
error with probability is 0.95 is
a) 0.72 b)0.73 c)0.735 d)0.745
54. If the maximum error with 0.99 probability is 0.25 and sample size 400 then standard
deviation of the population is
a) 1.93 b)2.93 c)0.93 d)1.8
55. A sample of size 64 was taken and found that 15 are smokers. The standard error of
proportions is
a) 0.275 b)0.175 c)0.225
d)0.125
56. If n=16,s=2 x=18 then 95% confidence interval for mean is
a) 16.935 b)15.935 c)17.935 d)14.935
57. Among 100 students in a class, 60 people used ball pens with 95% confidence, the maximum
error for the proportion is
a) 0.9 b)0.96 c)0.86 d)0.89
58. A random sample of 1000 people were taken and out of which 4% are chapathi eaters. The
maximum error with probability 0.95 is
a) 0.22 b)0.32 c)0.12 d)0.52
59. A random sample of 400 products contains 52 defective items. Standard error of
proportions is
a) 0.0265 b)0.0165 c)0.0365
d)0.0565
60. Two random samples of sizes 40 and 50 whose standard deviations are 10 and 15. Variance
of the difference between means of mean of sampling distribution is
a) 6 b)5 c)7 d)8
61. If True proportion p= 1/3 , the maximum error with 0.95 probability is0.02 then sample
size is
a) 0.168 b)0.268 c)0.568
d)0.468
62. If the maximum error with 99% confidence is 0.06 and =1 then size of the sample is
 a) 1899 b)1879 c)1869 d)1849
63. If standard deviation of two samples whose sample sizes were 9 and 10 are 18 and 24 then
F is
a) 1.2 b)1.4 c)1.6 d)1.8
64. If there are x=3 failures among 3000 parts used continuously for a month one sided, 95%
confidence interval is (2 = 15.507)
a) p < 0.0026 b)p> 0.0026 c)p= 0.0026 d)p=0
65. 900 articles from a factory are examined and found to be 5% defective with 0.99 probability
then maximum error corresponding to True proportion is
a) 0.015 b)0.025 c)0.029
d)0.019

UNIT-IV
9.4.4.1 Subjective Questions
1.Briefly explain the main characteristics of Queuing system.
2. The ABC company’s quality control department is managed by a single executive, who takes
on a average 5 minutes in checking parts of each of the machine coming for inspection. The
machine arrive once in every 8 minutes on the average. One hour of the machine is valued at
Rs.15 and a clerk’s time is valued at Rs.4 per hour. What are the average hourly queuing
system costs associated with quality control department?
3. What are the assumptions of single Queue?
4. At the election commission office , for the Voter’s identity card, a photographer takes a
passportsize photo at an average rate of 24 photos per hour. The photographer must wait until
the voter blinks or scowls, so the time to take photo is exponentially distributed. Customers
arrives at Poisson distributed average rate of 20 votes per hour. Find What is the Utilization
of Photographer. How much time , the voter has to spend at the election commission office
an average.
5. A manager of a local hamburger restaurant is preparing to open a new fast food restaurant
called hasty burgers. Based on the arrival rates at existing outlests. Manager expects
customers to arrive at drie in window according to a position distribution. The drive in
windows is single server operation. What service rate is needed to keep the average number
of customers in the service system to 4.For the service rate in part(i), what is he probability
that more than 4 customers are in the line and being served?
6. At a certain petrol pump ,customers arrive in a poison process with an average time of five
minutes between arrivals. the time intervals between serves at the petrol pump follows
exponential distribution and the mean time taken to service a unit is two minutes. Find
thefollowing:
I. Average time a customer has to wait in the Queue .
 II. By how much time the flow of the customers be increases to justify the opening of
another service point ,where the customers has to wait for five minutes for the
service.
7. A fast-food restaurant has to drive-in window . It is estimated that cars arrive according to a
poisson distribution at the rate of 2 every 5 minutes and that there is enough space to
accommodate a line of 10 cars. other arriving cars can wait outside this space ,if necessary. it
takes 15 minutes on the average to fill an order, but the service time actually varies according
to an exponential distribution. Determine the following The probability that the facility is
idle. The expected no of customers waiting to be served.
9.1.7.2 Assignment Questions
1. Briefly explain the main characteristics of Queuing system.
2. The ABC company’s quality control department is managed by a single executive, who takes
on a average 5 minutes in checking parts of each of the machine coming for inspection.
The machine arrive once in
every 8 minutes on the average. One hour of the machine is valued at Rs.15 and a clerk’s
time is valued at Rs.4 per hour. What are the average hourly queuing system costs associated
with quality control department?
9.4.4.3 Tutorial Questions
1. Briefly explain the main characteristics of Queuing system.
2. The ABC company’s quality control department is managed by a single executive, who takes
on a average 5 minutes in checking parts of each of the machine coming for inspection. The
machine arrive once in every 8 minutes on the average. One hour of the machine is valued at
Rs.15 and a clerk’s time is valued at Rs.4 per hour. What are the average hourly queuing
system costs associated with quality control department
9.4.4.4 Objective Questions
1. The time taken to service a customer is reffered to as………………….
2 FIFO means…………………………………….
3. FCFS means……………………………………..
4. A customer may not enter the queue in view of it’s lengh.this customer behavior
referred as……………………………….
5. A customer ,who is in the queue for long time, due to impatience may leave the queue.this
customer behavior referred as……………………………….
6. The number of arrivals in non-overlapping intervels is statistically…………
7. Suppose the inter arrival time is 15 minutes and interservice time is 10 minutes the traffic
intensity is………………………
8. If average number of arrivals is 4 per hour and average number of services is 6 per
our,probability that a new arrival neednot wait for the service is…………
9. Arrival rate is 10 per day; service rate is 16 per day. The day consists of 8 working
hours.expected idle time per day is……………………….
 10. In the above problem , average no of customers in the system is…………
11. If λ=8 and µ=12 per hour,the average time spent by customer in the system is
……………..
12. In the above problem ,the expected time a customer spends in the queue is…….
13. Arrival rate is 3 per hour; service rate is 5 per hour. the traffic intensity is……….
14. Probability that there are more than or equal to 10 customers in the system……
15. Kendall’s Notation…………………………
16. The term Birth refers to……………………….
17. The term Death refers to……………………….
18. A system is in………………..state, when its operating characteristics are dependent on
time.
19. Queue size =……………………………………
20. Markovian property of inter arrival times…………………………….

UNIT-V
9.4.5.1 Subjective Questions
1. Is the process with the following transition matrix irreducible?
 
 p q 0
 1 1
P=  0 
 2 2
p  1 7 1
 2 10 5 
What can you say about the values of p and q?
Draw the transition graph for the process represented by p.
2. Explain stochastic process and classification of Stochastic process.
3. Explain the Markov process.
4. Consider a homogeneous markov chain with state space S={1,2,3} and transition matrix.
1 1 1
4 2 4
1 1
P=  0  calculate the 3-Step transition matrix.
2 2
3 1
0
 4 4 
5. Define markov chain and give example.
6. Explain about the classification of states in a Markov process.
7. Explain about types of states.
8. Define and expain transition matrix transition graph.
9. Explain the procedure of calculating the long run probabilities of markov chain.
10. Explain about limiting distribution of a markov chain.
9.4.5.2 Assignment Questions
1.Is the process with the following transition matrix irreducible?
 
 p q 0
 1 1
P=  0 
 2 2
p  1 7 1
 2 10 5 
What can you say about the values of p and q?
Draw the transition graph for the process represented by p.
2.explain Stochastic process and classification of Stochastic process.
9.4.5.3 Tutorial Questions
1. Define markov chain and give example.
2. Explain about the classification of states in a Markov process.
3. Explain about types of states
9.4.5.4 Objective Questions
1. Markov property:………………………………………………………….
2. The Markov process with discreate parameter and descreate state space is called
a…………………
3. A matrix P=[pij] is called………………
If (i) p has non negative entries (ii) p has row sums equal to one.
4. The transition matrix p of Markov chain is……………………
5. A Markov chain with a finite state space has at least one………….
6. Three persons are throwing a ring to each other.The first person throws the ring to the second
person but the third person is just as likely to throw it to the second person as to the first
persion. Is this process a Markov chain?
7. Consider a Markov process with state space S={0,1,2} and transition matrix
 p q 0 
 0.5 0 0.5
P=   then p=……………. And q=…………….

 p  0.5 0.7 0.2


8. The chain X is called homogeneous if…………………………….

9. A matrix p =[pij] is called stochastic if it satisfies……………………………
10. The valumes assumed by the process are called a …………………process.
11. The set of possible values of the indexing parameter is calledthe………….space.
12. A state is called …………….if it is persistent non-null and periodic.
13. If a markov chain has all its states belonging to one equivalence class,it is said to
be………………..
14. A Markov chain with a finite number of state is known as ……………… chain.
15. A Markov chain with a finite state space has atleast one stationary probability distribution.
(true/false)
16. If i bi-conditional j ,then I and j does not have the same period.(true/false)
17. A Markov chain with a finite number of state is known as finite Markov chain.
(true/false)
18. A state is called ergodic if it is persistent non-null and periodic.(true/false)
19. The set of possible values of the indexing parameter is Called the parameter space.(true/false)
20. Three persons are throwing a ring to each other.The first person throws the ring to the second
person but the third person is just as likely to throw it to the second person as to the first
persion. (true/false)