ES 11: STATICS OF RIGID BODIES

LECTURE 07:
RIGID BODY
FRICTION and
BELT FRICTION

ENGR. GIANCARLO P. VENTURA

Institute of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
University of the Philippines Diliman
 FRICTION
• Friction forces are forces that develop between two surfaces in
contact which quantifies the resistance of a body to motion along the
surface.

• Friction force on a PARTICLE • Friction force on a RIGID BODY

prevents translation. prevents translation and makes
tipping possible.

• Normal force (and its location)

prevents tipping over.
ES 11: STATICS OF RIGID BODIES GPVentura 2
 EXAMPLE 7.1
SOLUTION:
A 40-kg packing crate is pulled by a • Draw the Free Body Diagram of the crate.
rope as shown. The coefficient of P
static friction between the crate and B
40°=
the floor is 0.35. Determine
G
A. the magnitude of the force P
required to move the crate and W = 40(9.81) N

B. whether the crate will slide or tip. f

E
N

• Assume no tipping. (Impending to slide) • Check for tipping.

+
→ 𝚺𝑭𝒙 = 𝟎: 𝑓 − 𝑃 cos 40° = 0 ↺
+ 𝚺𝑴 = 𝟎:
𝑬
0.35N
𝑃 cos 40° 0.5 + 𝑃 sin 40° 0.4 − 𝑁𝑥 = 0
+↑ 𝚺𝑭𝒚 = 𝟎: 𝑁+𝑃 sin 40° − 40 9.81 = 0
𝑥 = 0.292 m < 0.4 m
• Solving simultaneously,
𝑁 = 303.32 𝑁
∴ 𝐬𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐨𝐜𝐜𝐮𝐫 𝐛𝐞𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐭𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐠!
𝑷 = 𝟏𝟑𝟖. 𝟓𝟖𝟒 𝑵
𝑷 = 𝟏𝟑𝟖. 𝟓𝟖𝟒 𝑵
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 EXAMPLE 7.1
SOLUTION:
A 40-kg packing crate is pulled by a • Draw the Free Body Diagram of the crate.
rope as shown. The coefficient of P
static friction between the crate and B
40°=
the floor is 0.35. Determine
G
A. the magnitude of the force P
required to move the crate and W = 40(9.81) N

B. whether the crate will slide or tip. E

f
N

• Assume no tipping. (Impending to slide) • Assume impending to tip over

+
→ 𝚺𝑭𝒙 = 𝟎: 𝑓 − 𝑃 cos 40° = 0 ↺
+ 𝚺𝑴 = 𝟎:
𝑪
0.35N 𝑃 cos 40° 0.5 + 𝑃 sin 40° 0.8
+↑ 𝚺𝑭𝒚 = 𝟎: 𝑁+𝑃 sin 40° − 40 9.81 = 0 − 40 9.81 0.4 = 0

• Solving simultaneously, 𝑷 = 𝟏𝟕𝟒. 𝟗𝟑𝟒 𝑵

𝑁 = 303.32 𝑁 • Choose lower value since motion is
𝑷 = 𝟏𝟑𝟖. 𝟓𝟖𝟒 𝑵 already impending.
∴ 𝐬𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐨𝐜𝐜𝐮𝐫 𝐛𝐞𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐭𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐠!
ES 11: STATICS OF RIGID BODIES GPVentura 4
 EXAMPLE 7.2
Determine the minimum distance d
at which a 400 N girl can stand +→ σ 𝐹𝑥 = 0:
without causing the plank to rotate if
𝑁𝐴 sin 60 − 0.3𝑁𝐴 cos 60
the coefficient of static friction
between the plank and the floor is − 𝑁𝐵 sin 45 − 0.3𝑁𝐵 cos 45 = 0
0.30. The weight of the plank is
negligible.

400 N +↑ σ 𝐹𝑦 = 0:
Impending 𝑁𝐴 cos 60 + 0.3𝑁𝐴 sin 60
Motion
+ 𝑁𝐵 cos 45 − 0.3𝑁𝐵 sin 45
− 400 = 0
NA fA fB NB 𝑁𝐴 = 349.23 𝑁
𝑁𝐵 = 272.03 𝑁

ES 11: STATICS OF RIGID BODIES GPVentura 5

 EXAMPLE 7.2
Determine the minimum distance d
at which a 400 N girl can stand 𝑁𝐴 = 349.23 𝑁
without causing the plank to rotate if
the coefficient of static friction
𝑁𝐵 = 272.03 𝑁
between the plank and the floor is
0.30. The weight of the plank is
negligible. +↶ σ 𝑀𝐴 = 0:
400 N 𝑁𝐵 cos 45 (12)
− 0.3𝑁𝐵 sin 45 (12) − 400𝑑 = 0

𝒅 = 𝟒. 𝟎𝟒 𝒎
NA fA fB NB

ES 11: STATICS OF RIGID BODIES GPVentura 6

 BELT FRICTION

Friction developed between ropes, belts, or

bands with the surface they wrap upon

ES 11: STATICS OF RIGID BODIES GPVentura 7

 BELT FRICTION
Direction of motion
• Consider a belt wrapped around a pulley that
is about to slide.
• Relate Ts and TL when belt is about to slide to
the right.
dT
  sT
d
• Separating variables and integrating, = 𝐓𝐬 𝐓𝐋 =
𝑺𝒎𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒓 𝑻𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑳𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒆𝒓 𝑻𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏

Where:
𝑇𝑆 = 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝜇𝑆 = 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑇𝐿 = 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝛽 = 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑡
𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒔
ES 11: STATICS OF RIGID BODIES GPVentura 8
 EXAMPLE 7.3
Two masses are held up by SOLUTION:
two fixed drums as shown. If • Identify the direction of motion.
the coefficient of friction
between the rope and the • Drum B:
drums is 0.25, determine the
maximum mass m to 𝑻𝑳,𝑩
maintain equilibrium.
𝑇𝐿,𝐵 0.25 120°×
𝜋
𝑻𝑺,𝑩 =𝑒 180°
50 9.81
= 𝟓𝟎 𝟗. 𝟖𝟏 𝑵
𝑇𝐿,𝐵 = 828.009 𝑁 = 𝑇𝑆,𝐶

• Drum C:
m 9.81 0.25 60°×
𝜋
𝑻𝑺,𝑪 =𝑒 180°
𝑇𝑆,𝐶

𝐦 = 𝟏𝟎𝟗. 𝟔𝟔𝟒 𝐤𝐠

𝑻𝑳,𝑪 = 𝐦 𝟗. 𝟖𝟏 𝑵
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 EXAMPLE 7.4
Bucket A and block C are connected A. The minimum mass m of bucket A
by a cable that passes over fixed
drum B. The coefficient of static
friction at all surfaces is μs = 0.35, to
maintain equilibrium, determine

A. The minimum mass m of bucket A

B. The maximum mass m of bucket A

ES 11: STATICS OF RIGID BODIES GPVentura 10

 EXAMPLE 7.4
Bucket A and block C are connected B. The maximum mass m of bucket A
by a cable that passes over fixed
drum B. The coefficient of static
friction at all surfaces is μs = 0.35, to
maintain equilibrium, determine

A. The minimum mass m of bucket A

B. The maximum mass m of bucket A

ES 11: STATICS OF RIGID BODIES GPVentura 11

 PRACTICE PROBLEM A
The machine base shown has a mass of 75 kg and is fitted
with skids at A and B. The coefficient of static friction between
the skids and the floor is 0.30. If a force P of magnitude 500 N
is applied at corner C, determine the range of values of θ for
which the base will not move.

48.3o ≤ Θ ≤ 78.7o
ANSWER:

ES 11: STATICS OF RIGID BODIES GPVentura 12

 PRACTICE PROBLEM B
Blocks A and B have a mass of 100 kg and 150 kg,
respectively. If the coefficient of static friction between A
and B and between B and C is μs = 0.25 and between the
ropes and the pegs D and E μs’ = 0.5, determine the
smallest force F needed to cause motion of block B if P =
30 N.

112 N
ANSWER:

ES 11: STATICS OF RIGID BODIES GPVentura 13

 ES 11: STATICS OF RIGID BODIES
END OF LECTURE
Engr. GIANCARLO P. VENTURA

Institute of Civil Engineering gianpventura@gmail.com

College of Engineering ICE 319
University of the Philippines Diliman UVLE: ES 11 (Ventura)

Beer, F. P. et al (2013). Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics (10th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Hibbeler, R. C., & Hibbeler, R. C. (2013). Engineering Mechanics: Statics (12th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall.
ES 11: STATICS OF RIGID BODIES GPVentura