Grade 9 Quadratic Quations 1 Week: (M9AL-la-1 & M9AL-la-b-1)

GRADE 9
QUADRATIC QUATIONS
ST
1 WEEK
(M9AL-la-1 & M9AL-la-b-1)
PREPARED BY: RALUTO, RANDEL ROY G.
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Table of Contents
ILLUSTRATION OF QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
A. ULLUSTRATIONS OF QUADRATIC QUATIONS 3

ACTIVITY 1,2,3 4
B. SOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
B. I EXTRACTING SQUARE ROOT 5-6
ACTIVITY 1 ,2 7
B.II FACTORING 8-10
ACTIVITY 1 10
B.III COMPLETING THE SQUARE 11-14
ACTIVITY 1 14
B. IV QUADRATIC FORMULA 15-17
ACTIVITY 1 17
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QUADRATIC QUATIONS
A. ULLUSTRATIONS OF QUADRATIC QUATIONS
A Quadratic equation is an equation of d) -3(x - 4) (2x + 3) = 0

the second degree x², meaning it contains [upon computing becomes -6x² + 15x + 36 =
at least one term that is squared. The 0]
standard form is ax² + bx + c = 0 with a,
e) (x – 5) (x + 3) = 0
b, and c being constants, or [upon computing becomes x² − 2x − 15 = 0]
numerical coefficients, and x is an
unknown variable. One absolute rule is
Here are examples of other forms of quadratic
that the first constant "a" cannot be a zero.
equations:
a≠0
Standard Form Equations a) x (x - 2) = 4

[upon multiplying and moving the
ax² + bx + c = 0 4 becomes x² - 2x - 4 = 0]
Here are examples of quadratic equations
of a standard equation b) x (2x + 3) = 12
[upon multiplying and moving the
a) 6x² + 11x - 35 = 0 12 becomes 2x² - 3x - 12 = 0]
b) 2x² - 4x - 2 = 0
c) -4x² - 7x +12 = 0 c) 3x (x + 8) = -2
d) 20x² -15x - 10 = 0 [upon multiplying and moving the
e) x² -x - 3 = 0 -2 becomes 3x² + 24x + 2 = 0]
Here are examples of quadratic equations d) 5x² = 9 - x

lacking the linear coefficient or the "bx": [moving the 9 and -x to the other
side becomes 5x² + x - 9]
a) 2x² - 64 = 0
b) x² - 16 = 0 e) -6x² = -2 + x
c) 9x² + 49 = 0 [moving the -2 and x to the other
d) -2x² - 4 = 0 side becomes -6x² - x + 2]
e) 4x² + 81 = 0
Here are examples of quadratic equations Here are examples of quadratic equations in word
lacking the constant term or "c": problem.
a) x² - 7x = 0
a. The sum of two numbers is 27 and their
b) 2x² + 8x = 0
product is 50. Find the numbers.
c) -x² - 9x = 0
Given:
d) x² + 2x = 0
Let one number be x.
e) -6x² - 3x = 0
50
Then the other number is
x
50
Here are examples of quadratic equation in step 1 x+ =27
x
factored form:
50
Step 2 xx + x=27 x (multiply
a) (x + 2) (x - 3) = 0
x
both side by x)
[upon computing becomes x² -1x - 6 = 0]
Step 3 x 2+ 50=27 x (change into
standard form)
b) (x + 1) (x + 6) = 0 Step 4 x 2−27 x +50=0 (then
[upon computing becomes x² + 7x + 6 = 0] simplify)
c) (x - 6) (x + 1) = 0 b. The length of a rectangle is 5 cm more

[upon computing becomes x² - 5x - 6 = 0 than its width and the area is 50cm2.
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Find the length, width and the c. The three sides of a right-angled
perimeter. triangle are x, x+1 and 5. Find x and the
area, if the longest side is 5.
Step 1. Let the width be x.
Step 2. Then the length = x + 5. Step 1. x2 + (x+1)2 = 52 (Pythagoras' Theorem)
Step 3. x (x + 5) = 50 (multiply x to step 2. x2 + x2 + 2x + 1 = 25 (expand (x+1)2 and 52)
(x+5)
step 3. 2 x2+2x+1-25=25-25 (subtract both side
Step 4. x 2 + 5x = 50 (change into by 25)
standard form) step 4. 2x2 + 2x - 24 = 0 (then simplify)
2
Step 5. x + 5x - 50 = 0 (then simplify)
Activity 1. Identify which is Quadratic or Not Quadratic

Identify which of the following are quadratic and which are not. If the equation not quadratic ,explain.
1) 2x² - 4x - 2 = 0 6) -x - 9x = 0
2) -4x - 7x +12 = 0 7) -6x² + 15x + 36 = 0
3) -2x - 4 = 0 8) x² -1x - 6 = 0
4) 4x² + 81 = 0 9) 2x2 + 2x - 24 = 0
5) 2x + 8x = 0
x 2−27 x +50=0 Activity 2. Set me to your standard!

Write each quadratic equation in standard form, ax² + bx + c = 0 then identify the values of a, b, and c.
Answer the equations that follows.
1) 2x² - 4 – 2x = 0 6) (x - 6) (x + 1) = 0
2) -4x +12 = 7x + x² 7) + 15x + 36 = -6x²
3) -3(x - 4) (2x + 3) = 0 8) x² - 6 = +1x
4) x² + 81 = -4x 9) + 2x - 24 = -2x2
5) 2x + 8 = -x² 10) x 2−27 x +50=0
Activity 3. Illustrate me to your standard.
Transform the word problem into standard form of quadratic equation.
1) The sum of two numbers is 3 and their product is 2. Find the numbers.
4) The length of a rectangle is 10 cm more than its width and the area is 100cm2. Find the length, width
and the perimeter.
5) Two cyclists move away from a town along two perpendicular paths at 20 mph and 40 mph
respectively. The second cyclist starts the journey an hour later than the first one. Find the time taken
for them to be 100 miles apart.
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B. SOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
B.I EXTRACTING SQUARE ROOT
How to Solve Quadratic Equations using the
Square Root Method?
This is the “best” method whenever the quadratic
equation only contains x² terms. That implies no
presence of any x term being raised to the first
power somewhere in the equation.
Key Strategy in Solving Quadratic Equations using

the Square Root Method
The general approach is to collect all x² terms on one
side of the equation while keeping the constants to
the opposite side. After doing so, the next obvious
step is to take the square roots of both sides to solve
The final answers are x = 4 and x= −4
for the value of x Always attach the ± symbol when
you get the square root of the constant.
Example 3: Solve the quadratic equation below using
the Square Root Method.
Examples of How to Solve Quadratic Equations by
Square Root Method
I can see that I have two x² terms, one on each side
of the equation. My approach is to collect all the
squared terms of x to the left side, and combine all
I will isolate the only x² term on the left side by the constants to the right side. Then solve for x as
adding both sides by +1. Then solve the values usual, just like in Examples 1 and 2.
of x by taking the square roots of both sides of the
equation. As I mentioned before, we need to attach
the plus or minus symbol to the square root of the
constant.
So I have x = 5 and x=−5 as final answers since both

of these values satisfy the original quadratic
equation. I will leave it to you to verify.
The solutions to this quadratic formula
Example 2: Solve the quadratic equation below using are x=3 and x=−3.
This problem is very similar to the previous example.
The only difference is that after I have separated
the x² term and the constant in the opposite sides of The two parentheses should not bother you at all.
the equation, I need to divide the equation by the The fact remains that all variables come in the
coefficient of the squared term before taking the squared form, which is what we want. This problem
square roots of both sides. is perfectly solvable using the square root method.
So my first step is to eliminate both of the

parentheses by applying the distributive property of
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multiplication. Once they are gone, I can easily  Solve the second case where 66 is negative.
combine like terms. Keep the x² terms to the left,
and constants to the right. Finally, apply square root
operation in both sides and we’re done!
The solutions to this quadratic equation are x = 4, x =

− 4, x = 2, and x = −2. Yep, we have four values
of x that can satisfy the original quadratic equation.

Solution:

Since the x-term is being raised to the second power

twice, that means, I need to perform two square
root operations in order to solve for x.
The first step is to have something like this: ( )2 =
constant. This allows me to get rid of the exponent
of the parenthesis on the first application of square
root operation.
After doing so, what remains is the “stuff” inside the Example 7: Solve the quadratic equation below using
parenthesis which has an x² term. Well, this is great the Square Root Method.
since I already know how to handle it just like the
previous examples.
Solution:
There’s an x-squared term left after the first

application of square root.
Now we have to break up x² =±6+10 into two cases

because of the “plus” or “minus” in 6.
 Solve the first case where 6 is positive.
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Activity No 1. Solve by factoring and then solve by extracting roots.
1. x² −16 = 0 6. (x + 1) ² − 4 = 0
2. x² − 36 = 0 7. 4 (y − 2) ² − 9 = 0
3. 9y² − 1 = 0 8. 9 (y + 1) ² − 4 = 0
4. 4y² − 25 = 0 9. (u − 5) ² − 25 = 0
5. (x − 2) ² − 1 = 0 10. (u + 2) ² − 4 = 0
Activity No 2. Solve by extracting the roots.

1. x² = 81 16. 6x² − 5 = 0
2. x² = 1 17. 8x² + 1 = 0
3. y² = 19 18. 12x² + 5 = 0
4. y² = 116 19. y² + 4 = 0
5. x² = 12 20. y² + 1 = 0
6. x² = 18 21. x² − 49 = 0
7. 16x² = 9 22. x² − 925 = 0
8. 4x² = 25 23. x² − 8 = 0
9. 2t² = 1 24. t² − 18 = 0
10. 3t² = 2 25. x² + 8 = 0
11. x² − 4 26. x² + 125 = 0
12. x² − 24 = 0 27. 5y² − 2 = 0
13. x² + 1 = 0 28. 3x² − 1 = 0
14. x² + 100 = 0 29. (x + 7) ² − 4 = 0
15. 5x² − 1 = 0 30. (x + 9) ² − 36 =0
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B.II FACTORING
How to Solve Quadratic Equations using Factoring solutions. Notice that the left side contains factors of
Method some polynomial, and the right side is just zero!
What we need to do is simply set each factor equal
to zero, and solve each equation for x.
This is the easiest method of solving a quadratic
equation as long as the binomial or trinomial is easily
factorable. Otherwise, we will need other methods
such as completing the square or using the quadratic
formula.
The following diagram illustrates the main approach
to solving a quadratic equation by factoring method.
Main Idea of using Factoring Method to Solve a The answers are x = −7 and x = 2. You may back-
Quadratic Equation substitute these values of x to the original
equation to verify if they are true answers. I will
leave it to you as an exercise.
Example 2: Solve the quadratic equation below by

Factoring Method.
The left side of the equation is a binomial. That

means I can pull out a monomial factor. If you think
about it, between the numerical
coefficients −2 and 6, I can factor out −2. More so,
between x² and x, I can factor out x. So to find the
overall factor (it’s like finding the GCF), I will
multiply −2 and x to get −2x.
The diagram above suggests the following key
points: Note, I can also factor out 2x instead of −2x. The final
answer should be the same. Try it out!
 One side of the equation is just zero.
 The opposite side should contain the factors

of the given polynomial.
 After the two conditions stated above are

met, then it is now OKAY to set each factor
equal to zero then solve for the value of the
unknown variable.
Examples of How to Solve Quadratic

Equations using the Factoring Method
Example 1: Solve the quadratic equation below by Example 3: Solve the quadratic equation below using
Factoring Method. the Factoring Method.
I consider this type of problem as a “freebie”

because it is already set up for us to find the
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Have you factored a trinomial before where the
coefficient of the squared term is +1? If not, it is very
simple.
To factor this trinomial into two binomials, I need to

find two numbers (by trial and error) that satisfy two
given conditions:
 The product of these two numbers is equal

to the constant term (last number) which It is always the case that the middle signs will be
is −10. opposites (see yellow).
 The sum of these two numbers is equal to Here is the complete solution.
the coefficient of the linear term which
is +3.
Since the product of two numbers is negative, I know

that these numbers must have opposite signs. More
so, having a sum of positive number implies that the
number with the larger absolute value must be
positive.
You should back-substitute to verify that x = 0, x = −
3, and x = 3 are the correct solutions.
If you work it out mentally or using paper and pencil
to run through possible combinations, the two
numbers that can satisfy the given conditions are +
5 and -−2. Example 5: Solve the quadratic equation below using
the Factoring Method.
To check, their products (+5) (−2) = −10, and their
sum (+5) + (−2) = + 3. Works out great!
The first thing I realize in this problem is that one

side of the equation doesn’t contain zero. I can
easily create a zero on the right side by subtracting
both sides by 20.
After doing so, the left side should have a factorable

trinomial that is very similar to problem 3. To factor
out this trinomial, think of two numbers when
multiplied together gives −14 (constant term) and
when added gives + 5 (coefficient of x-term). By trial
The final solutions are x = − 5 and x = 2. and error, the numbers should be −2 and 7. You may
verify this correct combination.

Between the coefficients 3 and −27, I can pull out 3.

And between x 3 and x, I can take out xx. Therefore,
the overall expression that I can factor out is their
product: (3) (x) = 3x.
Notice that after I factored out 3x3x, I am left with a

“special” binomial called the “Difference of Two
Squares” which is very easy to factor.
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The final answers are x = 2 and x = x=−7. Example 7: Solve the quadratic equation below using

Solution:
Solution:
Here we have x = − 6 and x = 7 as our final answers.
Our final answers are x = 5 and x = 1.

Solution:
The final solutions are x = 1 and x = −3.
Activity No. 1. SOLVE THE QUADRATIC EQUATION BELOW USING FACTORING METHOD
1) x² − 9x + 18 = 0 8) 3x²+ 14x − 49 = 0
2) x² + 5x + 4 = 0 9) 3k²− 18k − 21 = 0
3) n²− 64 = 0 10) 6k²− 42k + 72 = 0
4) b²+ 5b = 0 11) x²= 11x − 28
5) 35n²+ 22n + 3 = 0 12) k²+ 15k = −56
6) 15b² + 4b − 4 = 0 13) 3m²= −16m − 21
7) 7p²− 38 p − 24 = 0 14) 8x²= 30 + 43x
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15) x²+ 17x + 49 = 3x 18) 3v²+ 36v + 49 = 8v
16) m²= 2m 19) 10x²− 26x = −12
17) 2k²− 14 = −3k 20) 15p²+ 80 = −80 p
B.III COMPLETING THE SQUARE
How to Solve Quadratic Equations using the

Completing the Square Method
If you are already familiar with the steps involved in

completing the square, you may skip the
introductory discussion and review the seven (7)
worked examples right away.The key step in this
method is to find the constant “k” that will allow us If I substitute kk by 99, the trinomial is factored into
to express the given trinomial as the square of a two equal binomials. This is great because I can now
binomial. For instance, rewrite it in a more compact form, that is, the square
of a single binomial.
The value of “k” is determined by squaring one-half

of the coefficient of x. In this case, the coefficient of
the linear term xx is −6.
Therefore, half of - − 6 is - −3, and its square (−3¿2 =
9. The value of k must be 9! The following are the general steps involved in
solving quadratic equations using completing the
square method.
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Key Steps in Solving Quadratic Equation by
Completing the Square
1) Keep all the x-terms (both the squared and linear)

on the left side, while moving the constant to the
right side.
In symbol, rewrite the general form a 2+ bx + c as: The output here, which is +1, will be added to both
2 sides of the quadratic equation.
a +bx =c This step forces the left side to generate a perfect-
2) Now, identify what type of problem you have by square-trinomial which can be expressed as
looking at the coefficient of the leading term, a. a square of a binomial. Great!
Examples:
 “Easy Type” when a = 1
 “Difficult Type” when a ≠ 1
At this point, it is very easy to solve for x. To get rid

3) If you have the “Easy type”, proceed immediately of the exponent 2 in the binomial, I will apply square
to Step 4. If you have the “Difficult Type”, you must root operation on both sides of the equation.
divide the entire equation first by the value Next, solve the pair of linear equations that arise as a
of a before moving to step 4. result of squaring both sides.
4) Take the coefficient of x-term, divide it by 2 then
square its result. Add this value to both sides of the
equation.
5) Express the left side as a square of binomial.
6) Get the square root of both sides of the equation.
Don’t forget to attach the ± symbol on the right side!
7) Finish it off by solving the linear equation(s) that
arise from it.
Examples of How to Solve Quadratic Equations by Break = ± 4 + 1 into two cases, then solve.
Completing the Square

completing the square method.
This is an “Easy Type” since a = 1a=1. I will keep the That is it! Our answers are x 1=5∧x 2=−3.
“xx-terms” (both the squared and linear terms) on Make it a habit to check your solved values of x back
the left side but move the constant to the right side. into the original equation to verify if indeed they
I can do that by adding 1515 on both sides of the are “true” answers. I will leave it to you as an
equation. exercise.

Now, take the coefficient of the linear term (which is

the x-term with power 1) and perform TWO Obviously, I can’t proceed with the steps required in
operations on it: completing the square. I must isolate the x-terms to
the left, and the constant to the right.
 Divide by 2, followed by Do that by subtracting both sides by 1.
 Squaring (raising to the 2nd power)
This time I am ready to perform the completing the

square steps to solve this quadratic equation. Start
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by taking the coefficient of the linear x-term then The first thing to do is to move the constant to the
divide it by 2 followed by squaring it. This is the right side by subtracting each side by 8.
MOST important step of this whole process.
Whatever number that comes out will be added to
both sides of the equation. The left side becomes a
perfect square trinomial which can be rewritten as
the square of binomial. This is actually the “Difficult Type” since a ≠ 1. Thus, I
need to make the coefficient of the squared x-term
Eliminate the power 2 of the binomial by taking the equal to 1. This can be done by dividing through the
square root of both sides. I hope that you’ll be able entire equation by a which equals 8!
to follow the rest of the solution.
By dividing through by 8, I have converted this

problem into the “easy” case because the coefficient
of the squared x-term becomes +1. Finish this off by
doing the same process as seen in examples 1 and 2.
The only difference is that I will deal with fractions.
Consider the coefficient of the linear xx-term, divide
by 2 and square it.
I got the following as the answers which

are x 1=7∧x2 =3. Go ahead and check the
solutions yourself as an exercise.

completing the square method. Take the output of the step above and add to both
sides of the quadratic equation. Then proceed with
the rest of the steps to complete the square.
Solution:
The answers are

x 1=2∧x 2=−10
1
The answers should be x 1=2∧x 2= 2
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Example 5 (Practice Problem): Solve the quadratic
equation below by completing the square method.
NOTE: The solution to this problem may look messy

but as long as you apply the correct procedures for
completing the square, you will soon realize that the
answers to this problem come out nicely.
Hint: The solution set includes a rational number and
a negative integer.
Add this output 4 to both sides of the equation. This
Example 6: Solve the quadratic equation below by makes the left side a perfect-square-trinomial which
completing the square method. can be rewritten as the square of a binomial.
I will move the constant to the right side while

keeping all x-terms on the left. Then I must divide
the entire equation by −3 since a ≠ 1.
 Subtract both sides by 42
 Divide entire equation by −3
That was easy, right? Again, the more you see how
Now, I will take the coefficient of the linear term,
these problems are being solved correctly, the better
divide it by 2 and square it.
you become!
Activity No. 1 Solve each equation by completing the square.
1) p2 + 14 p − 38 = 0 7) x 2 + 14x − 15 = 0
2) v 2 + 6v − 59 = 0 8) k 2 − 12k + 23 = 0
3) a 2+ 14a − 51 = 0 9) r 2− 4r − 91 = 7
4) x 2 − 12x + 11 = 0 10) x 2− 10x + 26 = 8
5) x 2 + 6x + 8 = 0 11) k 2− 4k + 1 = −5
6) n2 − 2n − 3 = 0 12) b 2 + 2b = −20
B.IV QUADRATIC FORMULA

How to Solve Quadratic Equations using the will not work. The goal is to transform the quadratic
Quadratic Formula equation such that the quadratic expression is
isolated on one side of the equation while the
opposite side only contains the number zero, 0.
There are times when we are stuck solving a Take a look at the diagram below.
quadratic equation of the form a x 2 +bx +
c = 0 because the trinomial on the left side can’t be
factored out easily. It doesn’t mean that the
quadratic equation has no solution. At this point, we
need to call upon the straightforward approach of
the quadratic formula to find the solutions of the
quadratic equation or put simply, determine the
values of x that can satisfy the equation.
In order use the quadratic formula, the quadratic
equation that we are solving must be converted into
the “standard form”, otherwise, all subsequent steps
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In this convenient format, the numerical values
of a, b, and c are easily identified! Upon knowing
those values, we can now substitute them into the
quadratic formula then solve for the values of x.
The Quadratic Formula
That’s it! Make it a habit to always check the solved

values of x back into the original equation to verify.

the Quadratic Formula.
 Where a, b, and c are the coefficients an This quadratic equation is absolutely not in the form
arbitrary quadratic equation in standard that we want because the right side is NOT zero. I
form, a x 2 + bx + c = 0 need to eliminate that 7 on the right side by
Slow down if you need to. Be careful with every step subtracting both sides by 7. That takes care of our
while simplifying the expressions. This is where problem. After doing so, solve for xx as usual.
common mistakes usually happen because students
tend to “relax” which results to errors that could
have been prevented, such as in the addition,
subtraction, multiplication and/or division of real
numbers
Examples of How to Solve Quadratic Equations by

the Quadratic Formula

By inspection, it’s obvious that the quadratic

equation is in the standard form since the right side
is just zero while the rest of the terms stay on the
left side. In other words, we have something like
this…
This is great! What we need to do is simply identify

the values of a, b, and c then substitute into the
quadratic formula.
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−2
The final answers are x 1=1∧x 2=
3
Therefore, we must do whatever it takes to make
the right side of the equation equal to zero. Since we
have three terms on the right side, it follows that
three steps are required to make it zero.

The solution below starts by adding both sides
by 3 x 2, followed by subtraction of 3x, and finally the
addition of 5. Done!
This quadratic equation looks like a “mess”. I have
variable x ‘s and constants on both sides of the
equation. If we are faced with something like this,
always stick to what we know. Yes, it’s all about the
Standard Form. We have to force the right side to be
equal to zero. We can do just that in two steps.
I will first subtract both sides by 5x and followed by
the addition of 8.
After making the right side equal to zero, the values

of a, b, and c are easy to identify. Plug those values
into the quadratic formula and simplify to get the
final answers!
Values we need:
a = − 1, b = − 8, and c = 2

the Quadratic Formula. Example 5: Solve the quadratic equation below using
Well, if you think that Example 3 is a “mess” then

this must be even “messier”. However, you’ll soon First, we need to rewrite the given quadratic
realize that they are really very similar. equation in Standard Form, a x 2+ bx + c = 0.
We first need to perform some cleanup by
converting this quadratic equation into standard
 Eliminate the x 2 term on the right side.
form. Sounds familiar? Trust me, this problem is not
as bad as it looks, as long as we know what to do.
Just to remind you, we want something like this…

 Eliminate the x term on the right side.
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 Eliminate the constant on the right side.
After getting the correct standard form in the

previous step, it’s now time to plug the values
of a, b, and c into the quadratic formula to solve
for x.
 From the converted standard form, extract

the required values.
a=1, b = − 4, and c = − 14
 Then evaluate these values into the

quadratic formula.
Activity no. 1 SOLVE THE FOLLOWING USING QUADRATIC FORMULA
1) m 2− 5m − 14 = 0 7) 4b 2 + 8b + 7 = 4
2)b 2 − 4b + 4 = 0 8) 2m 2 − 7m − 13 = −10
3) 2m 2 + 2m − 12 = 0 9) 2 x 2 − 3x − 15 = 5
4) 2 x 2 − 3x − 5 = 0 10) x 2 + 2x − 1 = 2
5) x 2 + 4x + 3 = 0 11) 2k 2 + 9k = −7
6) 2 x 2 + 3x − 20 = 0 12) 5r 2= 80
C. NATURE OF ROOTS QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
NATURE OF THE ROOTS OF A QUADRATIC EQUATION

In this section, we will learn about the nature of the roots of a quadratic equation.
That is, we will analyze whether the roots of a quadratic equation are equal or unequal, real or
imaginary and rational or irrational. To understand the nature of the roots of a quadratic equation, let us
consider the general form a quadratic equation.
ax² + bx + c = 0
(Here a, b and c are real and rational numbers)
To know the nature of the roots of a quadratic-equation, we will be using the discriminant b² - 4ac.
Because b² - 4ac discriminates the nature of the roots.
Let us see how this discriminant b² - 4ac can be used to know the nature of the roots of a quadratic-
equation.
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Examples
Example 1 :
Examine the nature of the roots of the following quadratic equation.
3x2 + 8x + 4 = 0
Solution :
The given quadratic equation is in the general form
ax2 + bx + c = 0
Then, we have a = 3, b = 8 and c = 4.
Find the value of the discriminant b2 - 4ac.
b2 - 4ac = 82 - 4(3)(4)
b2 - 4ac = 64 - 48
b2 - 4ac = 16
2
Here, b - 4ac > 0 and also a perfect square.
So, the roots are real, unequal and rational.
Example 2 :
2x2 - 3x - 1 = 0
Solution :
ax2 + bx + c = 0
Then, we have a = 2, b = -3 and c = -1.
b2 - 4ac = (-3)2 - 4(2)(-1)
b2 - 4ac = 9 + 8
b2 - 4ac = 17
2
Here, b - 4ac > 0, but not a perfect square.
So, the roots are real, unequal and irrational.
Example 3 :
x2 - 16x + 64 = 0
Solution :
ax2 + bx + c = 0
Then, we have a = 1, b = -16 and c = 64.
b2 - 4ac = (-16)2 - 4(1)(64)
b2 - 4ac = 256 - 256
b2 - 4ac = 0
So, the roots are real, equal and rational.
Example 4 :
5x2 - 4x + 2 = 0
Solution :
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ax2 + bx + c = 0
Then, we have a = 5, b = -4 and c = 2.
b2 - 4ac = (-4)2 - 4(5)(2)
b2 - 4ac = 16 - 40
b2 - 4ac = -24
Here, b2 - 4ac < 0.
So, the roots are imaginary.
Problem 5 :
1/(x+1) + 2/(x-4) = 2
Solution :
The given quadratic equation is not in the general form.
First, write the given quadratic equation in the general form.
1/(x+1) + 2/(x-4) = 2
Add the two fractions on the right side of the equation using cross multiplication.
[(x-4) + 2(x+1)] / [(x+1)(x-4)] = 2
(x - 4 + 2x + 2) / (x2 - 3x - 4) = 2
(3x - 2) / (x2 - 3x - 4) = 2
Multiply each side by (x2 - 3x - 4).
3x - 2 = 2(x2 - 3x - 4)
3x - 2 = 2x2 - 6x - 8
2x2 - 9x - 6 = 0
Now, the quadratic equation is the general form
ax2 + bx + c = 0
Then, we have a = 2, b = -9 and c = -6.
b2 - 4ac = (-9)2 - 4(2)(-6)
b2 - 4ac = 81 + 48
b2 - 4ac = 129
2
Here, b - 4ac > 0, but not a perfect square.
So, the roots are real, unequal and irrational.
Activity no. 1
1 : Examine the nature of the roots of the following quadratic equation.
x2 + 5x + 6 = 0
2x2 - 3x - 1 = 0
x2 - 16x + 64 = 0
4 :Examine the nature of the roots of the following quadratic equation.
3x2 + 5x + 8 = 0
5 :If the roots of the equation 2x2 + 8x - m³ = 0 are equal, then find the value of m.
6 :If the roots of the equation x2 - (p + 4)x + 2p + 5 = 0 are equal, then find the value of p.
7 :If the roots of the equation x2 + (2s - 1)x + s2 = 0 are real, then find the value of a.
8 :If the roots of the equation x2 - 16x + k = 0 are real and equal, then find the value of k.
9 :Examine the nature of the roots of the following quadratic equation.
x2 - 5x = 2(5x + 1)
1/(x+1) + 2/(x-4) = 2
D. SUM AND PRODUCT OF ROOTS OF QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

SUM AND PRODUCT OF THE ROOTS OF A QUADRATIC EQUATION EXAMPLES
Sum and Product of the Roots of a Quadratic Equation Examples :
In this section, you will learn how to find sum and product of the roots of a quadratic equation easily.
If a quadratic equation is given in standard form, we can find the sum and product of the roots using coefficient of
x2, x and constant term.
Let us consider the standard form of a quadratic equation,
ax2 + bx + c = 0
(Here a, b and c are real and rational numbers)
Let α and β be the two zeros of the above quadratic equation.
Then the formula to get sum and product of the roots of a quadratic equation is,
Sum and Product of the Roots of a Quadratic Equation Examples

Example 1 :
Find the sum and product of roots of the quadratic equation given below.
x2 - 5x + 6 = 0
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Solution :
Comparing
x2 - 5x + 6 = 0
and
ax2 + bx + c = 0
we get
a = 1, b = -5 and c = 6
Therefore,
Sum of the roots = -b/a = -(-5)/1 = 5
Product of the roots = c/a = 6/1 = 6
Example 2 :
x2 - 6 = 0
Solution :
Comparing
x2 - 6 = 0
and
ax2 + bx + c = 0
we get
a = 1, b = 0 and c = -6
Therefore,
Sum of the roots = -b/a = 0/1 = 0
Product of the roots = c/a = -6/1 = -6
Example 3 :
3x2 + x + 1 = 0
Solution :
Comparing
3x2 + x + 1 = 0
and
ax2 + bx + c = 0
we get
a = 3, b = 1 and c = 1
Therefore,
Sum of the roots = -b/a = -1/3
Product of the roots = c/a = 1/3
Example 4 :
3x2 + 7x = 2x - 5
Solution :
First write the given quadratic equation in standard form.
3x2 +7x = 2x - 5
3x2 + 5x + 5 = 0
Comparing
3x2 + 5x + 5 = 0
and
ax2 + bx + c = 0
we get
a = 3, b = 5 and c = 5
Therefore,
Sum of the roots = -b/a = -5/3
Example 5 :
3x2 -7x + 6 = 6
Solution :
3x2 -7x + 6 = 6
3x2 - 7x = 0
Comparing
3x2 - 7x = 0
and
ax2 + bx + c = 0
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we get
a = 3, b = -7 and c = 0
Therefore,
Sum of the roots = -b/a = -(-7)/3 = 7/3
Product of the roots = c/a = 0/3 = 0
Example 6 :
x2 + 5x + 1 = 3x2 + 6
Solution :
x2 + 5x + 1 = 3x² + 6
0 = 2x2 - 5x + 5
2x2 - 5x + 5 = 0
Comparing
2x2 - 5x + 5 = 0
and
ax2 + bx + c = 0
we get
a = 2, b = -5 and c = 5
Therefore,
Example 7 :
If the product of roots of the quadratic equation given below is 4, then find the value of m.
2x2 + 8x - m3 = 0
Solution :
Comparing
2x2 + 8x - m3 = 0
and
ax2 + bx + c = 0
we get
a = 2, b = 8 and c = -m3
Given : Product of the roots is 4.

Then,
c/a = 4
-m3/2 = 4
Multiply each side by (-2).
m3 = -8
m3 = (-2)3
m = -2
Example 8 :
If the sum of roots of the quadratic equation given below is 0, then find the value of p.
x2 -(p + 4)x + 5 = 0
Solution :
Comparing
x2 -(p + 4)x + 5 = 0
and
ax2 + bx + c = 0
we get
a = 1, b = -(p + 4) and c = 5
Given : Sum of the roots is 0.

Then,
-b/a = 0
-[-(p + 4)] = 0
(p + 4) = 0
p + 4 = 0
p = -4
Example 9 :
x2 + (2p - 1)x + p2 = 0
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Solution :
Comparing
x2 + (2p - 1)x + p2 = 0
and
ax2 + bx + c = 0
we get
a = 1, b = (2p - 1) and c = p2
Given : Product of the roots is 1.

Then,
c/a = 1
p2/1 = 1
p2 = 1
Take square root on both sides.
√p2 = √1
p = ±1
Example 10 :
1/(x+1) + 2/(x-4) = 2
Solution :
1/(x+1) + 2/(x-4) = 2
[1(x-4) + 2(x+1)] / [(x+1)(x-4)] = 2
1(x-4) + 2(x+1) = 2(x+1)(x-4)
x - 4 + 2x + 2 = 2(x2 - 4x + x - 4)
3x - 2 = 2(x2 - 3x - 4)
3x - 2 = 2x2 - 6x - 8
0 = 2x2 - 9x - 6
2x2 - 9x - 6 = 0
Comparing
2x2 - 9x - 6 = 0
and
ax2 + bx + c = 0
we get
a = 2, b = -9 and c = -6
Therefore,
Product of the roots = c/a = -6/2 = -3
Activity no. 1
Problem 1 :
x2 - 5x + 6 = 0
Problem 2 :
x2 - 6 = 0
Problem 3 :
3x2 + x + 1 = 0
Problem 4 :
3x2 + 7x = 2x - 5
Problem 5 :
3x2 -7x + 6 = 6
Problem 6 :
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x2 + 5x + 1 = 3x2 + 6
Problem 7 :
2x2 + 8x - m3 = 0
Problem 8 :
If the sum of roots of the quadratic equation given below is 0, then find the value of p.
x2 -(p + 4)x + 5 = 0
Problem 9 :
x2 + (2p - 1)x + p2 = 0
Problem 10 :
1/(x+1) + 2/(x-4) = 2
E. EQUATIONS TRANSFORMABLE IN TO QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

E.I RATIONAL ALGEBRAIC EQUATIONS
F. APPLICATIONS OF QUADRATIC EQUATIONS AND RATIONAL ALGEBRAIC
EQUATIONS
G. QUADRATIC INQUALITIES
G.I ILLUSTRATIONS OF QUADRATIC INQUALITIES
G.II SOLVING QUADRATIC INEQUALITIES
G.III APPLICATION OF QUADRATIC INEQUALITIES
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GRADE 9

PREPARED BY: RALUTO, RANDEL ROY G.

A. ULLUSTRATIONS OF QUADRATIC QUATIONS 3

B. IV QUADRATIC FORMULA 15-17

A Quadratic equation is an equation of d) -3(x - 4) (2x + 3) = 0

Standard Form Equations a) x (x - 2) = 4

Here are examples of quadratic equations d) 5x² = 9 - x

c) (x - 6) (x + 1) = 0 b. The length of a rectangle is 5 cm more

Activity 1. Identify which is Quadratic or Not Quadratic

x 2−27 x +50=0 Activity 2. Set me to your standard!

Activity 3. Illustrate me to your standard.

Transform the word problem into standard form of quadratic equation.

Key Strategy in Solving Quadratic Equations using

So I have x = 5 and x=−5 as final answers since both

So my first step is to eliminate both of the

The solutions to this quadratic equation are x = 4, x =

Example 6: Solve the quadratic equation below using

Example 5: Solve the quadratic equation below using

Since the x-term is being raised to the second power

There’s an x-squared term left after the first

Now we have to break up x² =±6+10 into two cases

Activity No 2. Solve by extracting the roots.

Example 2: Solve the quadratic equation below by

The left side of the equation is a binomial. That

 The opposite side should contain the factors

 After the two conditions stated above are

Examples of How to Solve Quadratic

I consider this type of problem as a “freebie”

To factor this trinomial into two binomials, I need to

 The product of these two numbers is equal

Since the product of two numbers is negative, I know

The first thing I realize in this problem is that one

After doing so, the left side should have a factorable

Example 4: Solve the quadratic equation below using

Between the coefficients 3 and −27, I can pull out 3.

Notice that after I factored out 3x3x, I am left with a

Example 6: Solve the quadratic equation below using

Here we have x = − 6 and x = 7 as our final answers.

Our final answers are x = 5 and x = 1.

Example 8: Solve the quadratic equation below using

The final solutions are x = 1 and x = −3.

3) n²− 64 = 0 10) 6k²− 42k + 72 = 0

4) b²+ 5b = 0 11) x²= 11x − 28

5) 35n²+ 22n + 3 = 0 12) k²+ 15k = −56

6) 15b² + 4b − 4 = 0 13) 3m²= −16m − 21

7) 7p²− 38 p − 24 = 0 14) 8x²= 30 + 43x

16) m²= 2m 19) 10x²− 26x = −12

17) 2k²− 14 = −3k 20) 15p²+ 80 = −80 p

B.III COMPLETING THE SQUARE

How to Solve Quadratic Equations using the

If you are already familiar with the steps involved in

The value of “k” is determined by squaring one-half

1) Keep all the x-terms (both the squared and linear)

 “Easy Type” when a = 1

 “Difficult Type” when a ≠ 1

At this point, it is very easy to solve for x. To get rid

Example 1: Solve the quadratic equation below by

Example 2: Solve the quadratic equation below by

Now, take the coefficient of the linear term (which is

 Squaring (raising to the 2nd power)

This time I am ready to perform the completing the

By dividing through by 8, I have converted this