Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
A SEMINAR
ON
SUBMITED BY
UNDER GUIDANCE
OF
Mr. A. T. Jadhav
2006-2007
1 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
This is to certify that the following student of B.E. Civil Engineering has
successfully completed the seminar report entitled
2 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
INDEX OF CONTENTS
A. ABSTRACT i
I. Introduction ………………………………………1
1.1 A Brief Introduction to the Construction Industry…………………….……...3
1.2 Housing Scenario in India………………………………………………….…5
1.3 Innovations in Construction………………..…………………...………….…8
II. Formwork
2.1 Formwork and Formwork Requirements……………………………………11
2.2 Classification of Formwork……………………………………………..…...12
2.3 Loads acting on Formwork.….........................................................................16
2.4 Strength of Formwork (General Design)…………………………………….17
2.5 Aluminum Formwork……………………………………....………………..18
3 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
VI. Conclusion………………...……………………..56
VII. References…………………………………………i
VIII.List of figures………………………...........………ii
4 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
1.0 Introduction
Besides, food and clothing, shelter is a basic human need. India has been
successful in meeting the food and clothing requirements of its vast population; however
the problem of providing shelter of all is defying solutions. “While there has been an
impressive growth in the total housing stock from 65 million in 1947 to 187.05
million in 2001, a large gap still exits between the demand and supply of housing
units. The Working Group on Housing for the 9th five-year plan estimated the
housing shortage in 2001 at 19.4 million units- 12.76 million in rural area and 6.64
million in urban area. The shortage of housing is acutely felt in urban areas –more
so in the 35 Indian cities, which according to the 2001 census have a population of
more than a million”. ….. (Carol., 2005).
In metro cities, particularly in Mumbai, Delhi and Kolkata- each having a
population in excess of 10 million- the problem is still aggravated. A host of factors are
responsible such as the phenomenal growth in population- mainly due to relentless rise in
migration- non availability of land, legal hurdles in the form of Land Ceiling and Rent
Control (LCRC) acts, paucity of funds, absence of cost effective construction techniques-
to mention only a few. Barring a few exceptions, no serious attempts were made in the
past to find meaningful solutions to these problems. As a result, we are witnessing a large
scale proliferation of slums and squatter settlements in the metros.
The National Housing and Habitat Policy, announced in July 1998, laid stress on
the creation of an enabling environment, wherein government assumed the role of a
facilitator and the private sector was expected to play a vital role in providing large-scale
housing. In the recent years, a number of fiscal measures initiated by the government
have given a boost to the housing sector. The easy availability of finance, coupled with
lower interest rates and a variety of tax incentives announced by the government in the
successive union budgets have triggered massive housing construction in urban and semi
urban areas, especially in the middle and higher income groups. However, the low
income groups seem to have been left out of the current housing boom.
5 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
IN A DEMOCRATIC SET-UP of INDIA, one would agree that this section of the
population cannot be ignored and that they also need to be provided with affordable
housing; but how this can be achieved remains a permanent question. In this context, the
recent affords made in Mumbai under the aegis of the Metropolitan Urban Transport
Project (MUTP), Metropolitan Urban Infrastructure Project (MUIP), and the Slum
Rehabilitation Authority (SRA) of the government of Maharashtra can provide some
guidance. “It is reported that under MUTP and the MUIP schemes nearly 50,000
tenements are being constructed presently and about 20,000 families have already
shifted to new flats”. Editor (ICJ).
This paper deals with all the aspects of MIVAN technology, an aluminium
formwork developed by the company MIVAN itself. The salient features of this
formwork are its speed of construction, quality of construction, seismic resistivity and its
economy. All these features are elaborately described in this paper.
6 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
7 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
overcome shortest possible time. Fortunately some of the advanced technologies catering
to faster speed of construction are already available in the country. For e.g.
prefabrication, autoclaved blocks, tunnel formwork, aluminum formwork (MIVAN
Technology) of construction etc.
8 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
From the above tables and graphs the following pictures emerges:-
i) While the total number of households (housing shelter) have increased by about
30 Percent, between 1961to 2003, the total shortage continues to be the same at
about 20% of the total households.
ii) The increase in shortage of housing in urban areas has been 50 percent as
against 25 percent in rural areas.
9 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
10 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
can be achieved with a sort of assembly line production by deployment of a few semi-
skilled labors.
The entire operation essentially comprises fitting and erecting the portion of
shuttering as already determined (the optimization in use is determined by appropriate
planning) and then carrying out concreting of the walls and slabs. Props are so designed
that they stay in position while de-shuttering of slabs and/or takes place. The dimensional
accuracy of the formwork is of high order. Therefore any possibility of errors does not
rise.
Achieving the “3-S” system in the MIVAN formwork is quite easy. MIVAN
formwork has got the unsurpassed speed of construction due to saving time for required
time in masonry and plastering. The strength of raw aluminium is very less but when
alloyed with other materials prove to be strong enough to use as a formwork. To ensure
safety in the site, an integrated safety/ working platform is developed which ensures
labor safety during erection and striking of the formwork. Economy is also one of the
11 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
main factors of any system. The MIVAN formwork proves to cost efficient as it can be
used efficiently for 250 times.
12 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
13 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
2. FORMWORK
14 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
b) The joints in the formwork should be rigid so that the bulging, twisting, or
sagging due to dead and live load is as small as possible. Excessive deformation may
disfigure the surface of concrete.
c) The construction lines in the formwork should be true and the surface plane so
that the cost finishing the surface of concrete on removing the shuttering is the least.
d) The formwork should be easily removable without damage to itself so that it
could be used repeatedly.
2.2 Classification of Formwork
Formwork can be classified according to a variety of categories, relating to the differences
in sizes, the location of use, construction materials, nature of operation, or simply by the
brand name of the products. However, the huge amount of tropical wood being
consumed each year for formwork has resulted in criticism from environmentalists,
as well as the continual escalation of timber prices. As a result, there has been a strong
tendency to use other formwork materials or systems to replace timber. The different
categories in which formwork can be classified are:
a) According to size.
15 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
common systems are made of timber and aluminium, and are usually in the form of small
panels. There is seldom medium-sized formwork. In cases in which large-sized formwork
is used, the size of the form can be designed as large as practicable to reduce the amount
of jointing and to minimize the amount of lift. The stiffness required by large-sized
formwork can be dealt with by the introduction of more stiffening components such as
studs and soldiers. The increase in the weight of the formwork panels is insignificant as a
crane will be used in most cases.
There are not many effective formwork systems for stairs and staircases. The complicated
three-dimensional nature of an element involving suspended panels and riser boards, as
well as the need to cope with very different spatial and dimensional variances as required
by individual design situations, cannot be achieved by a universally adaptable formwork
system (fig 2.1).
Fig 2.1 - Staircase under traditional formwork arrangement using timber (Raymond.
2001)
Classification according to materials of construction
Materials used for formwork are traditionally quite limited due to finding the
difficult balance between cost and performance. Timber in general is still the most
popular formwork material for its relative low initial cost and adaptability Steel, in the
form of either hot-rolled or cold-formed sections and in combination with other sheeting
materials, is another popular choice for formwork materials. In the past two to three years,
full aluminium formwork systems have been used in some cases but the performance is
16 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
still being questioned by many users, especially in concern to cost and labor control (fig
2.2 & 2.3).
Fig 2.2 - Typical steel form system to construct a core Fig 2.3 - Aluminium formwork for wall, floor wall.
and other architectural features (source
Raymond,2001).
Photo 2.4 - formwork system allowing the Photo 2.5 - example of a self-climbing form
with
17 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
Incorporation of pre-cast elements (govt. quarters) detail of the hydraulic jack devices
(source Raymond,
2001)
Several patented or branded formwork systems have successfully entered the local
construction market in the past decade. These include products from brands SGB, RMD,
VSL, MIVAN, Thyssen and Cantilever. Each of these firms offers its own specialised
products, while some can even provide a very wide range of services including design
support or tender estimating advice. As the use of innovative building methods is gaining
more attention from various sectors in the community, advanced formwork systems are
obviously a promising solution. The input through research and development by the well-
established formwork manufacturers is of no doubt contributing to efforts in these areas.
(fig 2.6)
18 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
should also be taken care off. Thus, the design of the formwork is an essential part during
the construction of the building.
For the design of planks and joists in bending & shear, a live load including the
impact may be taken as 370kg/m². It is however, usual to work with a small factor of
safety in the design of formwork. The surfaces of formwork should be dressed in such a
manner that after deflection due to weight of concrete and reinforcement, the surface
remains horizontal, or as desired by the designer. The sheathing with full live load of 370
kg/m² should not deflect more than 0.25 cm and the joists with 200kg/m² of live load
should not deflect more than 0.25cm.
In the design of formwork for columns or walls, the hydrostatic pressure of the
concrete should be taken into account. This pressure depends upon the quantity of water
in the concrete, rate of pouring and the temperature.
The hydrostatic pressure of the concrete increases with the following cases:-
Increase in quantity of water in the mix.
The smaller size of the aggregate.
The lower temperature.
The higher rate of pouring concrete.
If the concrete is poured in layers at an interval such that concrete has time to set,
there will be very little chance of bulging.
Aluminium as usual is not a very strong material. So the basic elements of the
formwork system are the panel which is a framework of extruded aluminium sections
welded to an aluminium sheet. It consists of high strength special aluminium
components. This produces a light weight panel with an excellent stiffness-to-weight
ratio, yielding minimal deflections when subjected to the load of weight concrete. The
panels are manufactured in standard sizes with non-standard elements produced to the
required size and size to suit the project requirements.
19 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
Consider designing a wall for 30 cm thick and 5 m high. The concrete is poured at
shifts of 1.5 m each. The sheathing is placed horizontally and spans between vertical
studs are under horizontal pressure due to wet concrete. These Studs are backed by the
horizontal pieces called Wales which are tied by bolts, passing through the wall. Thus
pressure on either side of the wall is self balanced as shown fig 2.4.1.
The pressure exerted by concrete will be 2300 equivalent weight of fluid at a
depth of h meters. Taking lowest portion of the sheathing, the pressure is equal to 2300 x
1.5 =3450 kg/ sq.m. If the sheathing is 25 cm thick, the spacing x of the studs is given by
M=bd²/6 x σ;
σ = 102 kg/ sq cm where σ is safe fiber-stress.
Or, 3450 x x² = 1 x 2.5²/6 x 102
100² x 10
20 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
system that passes through holes in the outside rib of each panel. The panel fits precisely,
securely and requires no bracing. The walls are held together with high strength wall ties,
while the decks are supported by beams and props.
Since the equipment is made of aluminium, it has sections that are large enough to
be effective, yet light enough in the weight to be handled by a single worker. Individual
workers can handle all the elements necessary for forming the system with no
requirement for heavy lifting equipment or skilled labor. By ensuring repetition of work
tasks on daily basis it is possible for the system to bring assembly line techniques to
construction site and to ensure quality work, by unskilled or semi-skilled workers.
Trial erection of the formwork is carried out in factory conditions which ensure
that all components are correctly manufactured and no components are missed out. Also,
they are numbered and packed in such a manner so as to enable easy site erection and
dismantling.
21 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
vi. In view of the four – day cycle of casting the floor together with all slabs as
against 14 to 20 – day cycle in the conventional method, completed RCC structure
is available for subsequent finish trades much faster, resulting in a saving of 10 to
15 days per floor in the overall completion period.
vii. As all the walls are cast monolithic and simultaneously with floor slabs requiring
no further plasters finish. Therefore the time required in the conventional method
for construction of walls and plastering is saved.
viii. As fully completed structural frame is made available in one stretch for
subsequent – finishing items, uninterrupted progress can be planned ensuring,
continuity in each trade, thereby providing as cope for employing increased labor
force on finishing item.
ix. As the system establishes a kind of “Assembly line production” phase – wise
completion in desired groups of buildings can be planned to achieve early
utilization of the buildings.
22 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
ix. Lesser manual labour- Less labour is required for carrying formworks.
x. Simplified foundation design due to consistent load distribution.
xi.The natural density of concrete wall result in better sound transmission
coefficient.
23 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
6
Reinforcing steel required
Reinforcing is less as compared to the It may, however will be slightly Steel
Steel in situ construction as RCC more than corresponding load – requirement is
framework uses brick wall bearing brick wall construction more, as it is
as alternative for which, requirements of IS required for the
456 have to be followed for shear wall
system housing. construction.
But shear wall
construction
increases safety
against
earthquake.
Maintenance In maintenance cost, the The walls and ceiling being It can be
major expenditure is smooth and high quality concrete concluded that
involved due to : repairs for plastering and maintenance
Repairs and maintenance leakage’s are not at all required cost is
of plaster of walls / frequently. negligible.
7
ceiling etc.
Painting of outer and
inner walls.
Leakages due to plumbing
and sanitation installation.
24 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
25 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
flats per day. All the activities are planned in assembly line manner and hence result into
more accurate, well – controlled and high quality production at optimum cost and in
shortest possible time.
In this system of formwork construction, cast – in – situ concrete wall and floor
slabs cast monolithic provides the structural system in one continuous pour. Large room
sized forms for walls and floors slabs are erected at site. These forms are made strong and
sturdy, fabricated with accuracy and easy to handle. They afford large number of
repetitions (around 250). The concrete is produced in RMC batching plants under strict
quality control and convey it to site with transit mixers.
The frames for windows and door as well as ducts for services are placed in the
form before concreting. Staircase flights, façade panels, chajjas and jails etc. and other
pre-fabricated items are also integrated into the structure. This proves to be a major
advantage as compared to other modern construction techniques.
The method of construction adopted is no difference except for that the sub –
structure is constructed using conventional techniques. The super–structure is constructed
using MIVAN techniques. The integrated use the technology results in a durable
structure.
26 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
India and the willingness to use mechanized means of transport and placing of concrete,
the use of aluminium formwork system has received a boost. The quality of the resulting
concrete is found to be superior.
Structurally speaking, the adoption of the closed box system using monolithic
concrete construction has been found to be the most efficient alternatives. The stresses in
both the concrete and steel are observed to be much lower even when horizontal forces
due to wind or earthquake are taken into consideration.
The formwork system can be used for construction for all types of concrete
systems, that is, for a framed structure involving column beam –slab elements or for box-
type structure involving slab-walls combination.
27 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
28 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
3) Kicker: - It forms the wall face at the top of the panels and acts as a ledge to
support
4) Stub Pin: - It helps in joining two wall panels. It helps in joining two joints
29 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
2) Prop Head for Soffit Beam: - It forms the soffit beam. It is a V-shaped head
for easy dislodging of the formwork.
30 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
4) Beam Soffit Bulkhead: - It is the bulkhead for beam. It carries most of the bulk
load.
2) Deck Prop: - It forms a V-shaped prop head. It supports the deck and bears the
load coming on the deck panel.
31 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
Prop Length: - It is the length of the prop. It depends upon the length of the
slab.
4) Deck Mid – Beam: - It supports the middle portion of the beam. It holds the
concrete.
5) Soffit Length: - It provides support to the edge of the deck panels at their
perimeter of the room.
32 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
6) Deck Beam Bar: - It is the deck for the beam. This component supports the
deck and beam.
33 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
2) External Soffit Corner: - It forms the external corner between the components
34 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
35 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
36 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
37 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
The panels are held in position by a simple pin and wedge system that passes
through holes in the outside rib of each panel. (Fig.No.3.21)
The panels fit precisely, simply and securely and require no bracing. Buildings can be
constructed quickly and easily by unskilled labour with hammer being the only tool
required. Once the panels have been numbered, measuring is not necessary. As the
erection process is manually, tower cranes are not required. The result is a typical 4 to 5
day cycle for floor – to – floor construction.
38 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
39 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
3.3.4 CLEANING:
All components should be cleaned with scrapers and wire brushes as soon as they
are struck. Wire brush is to be used on side rails only.
The longer cleaning is delayed, the more difficult the task will be. It is usually
best to clean panels in the area where they are struck.
3.3.5 TRANSPORTING:
There are basic three methods recommended when transporting to the next floor:
i. The heaviest and the longest, which is a full height wall panel, can be
carried up the nearest stairway.
ii. Passes through void areas.
iii. Rose through slots specially formed in the floor slab for this purpose.
Once they have served their purpose they are closed by casting in
concrete filter.
3.3.6 STRIKING:
Once cleaned and transported to the next point of erection, panels should be
stacked at right place and in right order.
Proper stacking is a clean sign of a wall – managed operation greatly aids the next
sequence of erection as well as prevents clutters and impend other activities.
40 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
41 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
42 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
43 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
44 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
45 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
The formwork is designed using the most economical assortment of panel sizes
with the help of the state-of-the art design software. The use of the software along with
the experience and skill of the designers ensures an efficient construction process by
incorporating the optimum assembly procedures, economical panel selection and
ultimately minimizing capital and operational costs.
The formwork requirement depends upon various parameters such as desired
speed of construction, economy required. After considering all of these, various options
are offered at the estimate stage to the client. The system is flexible in design and can
form any architectural or structural configuration, such as stairs, bay windows, curved
features etc. Designers consult the architects and structural designers during design stage
in order to avoid costly modifications of RC members during construction stage.
It is thus essential to select the most practical and economic blend of standard formwork
components required for the building at the preconstruction design phase itself.
Using Bespoke design software, the formwork is designed using the most
economical assortment of panel sizes. The combination of bespoke software and the
experience of MIVAN designer’s guarantees:-
a) Most efficient construction process incorporating the optimum
assembly procedures.
b) Economical panel section.
c) Ultimately minimizing capital and operational cost.
The essence of the system is that it provides a production line approach in the
construction industry. The laborers are grouped together to form small teams to carry out
various tasks within a certain time frame such as, reinforcement, fabrication and erection,
formwork erection, concreting etc.
Scheduling involves the design and development of the work cycle required to
maximize efficiency in the field. The establishment of a daily cycle of work, which when
fully coordinated with different trades such as reinforcement fixing, mechanical services
46 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
installation, and the placing of concrete, includes a highly efficient working schedule in
the system, not just for formwork but for all parallel trades as well.
Optimum use of the labour force is made by ensuring that each trade has
sufficient work on each working day. Experienced site supervisors are sent to site to train
supervisory staff and labour for proper handling of the equipment and to assist in
establishing the desired work cycle. The disciplined and efficient handling of work
ensures that all other trades follow in a united and predetermined manner. The improved
coordination and construction management enables the equipment to be used at optimum
speed and efficiency and speed of the output are outstanding. Thus a disciplined and
systemized approach to construction is achieved.
3.6 SPEED OF CONSTRUCTION
47 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
Day 1: -The first activity consists of erection of vertical reinforcement bars and
one side of the vertical formwork for the entire floor or a part of one floor.
Day 2: -The second activity involves erection of the second side of the vertical
formwork and formwork for the floor
Day 3: - Fixing reinforcement bars for floor slabs and casting of walls and slabs.
Day 4: -Removal of vertical form work panels after 24hours, leaving the props in
place for 7 days and floor slab formwork in place for 2.5 days.
3.7 Design Aspects
In the case of RC moment-resisting framed structures, the horizontal forces due to wind
or earthquake are resisted by the frames resulting in the bending moments in columns to
resist bending moment and vertical loads would be more than that required to resist
vertical loads without bending moment. Similarly, additional reinforcement will be
required in beams at supports.
In the case of RC load-bearing walls, monolithic casting of slab along with RC
walls results in a box type structure, which is very strong in resisting horizontal forces
due to wind or earthquake. In view of large depth of shear walls, the resulting stresses
due to bending moment and vertical loads are smaller and in many cases, concrete alone
is capable of resisting these forces.
On evaluating these alternatives, it is seen that the beam column frame system in
i) Performs poorly against earthquake forces compared to RCC wall and slab
construction. Recent changes in the IS Codes, as well as recommended
good practice demand provision of additional reinforcement comply with
ductility requirements.
48 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
ii) The sizing and detailing of columns needed to be –that they are 20%
stronger than beams they support.
3.8 Economics
Comparative costs of building using load bearing wall and slab system and
conventional framed system of column, beams, slab for the construction of a ground-
plus-seven building is given in Table 3.8.1. It can be seen that the total cost of ground-
plus-seven building using MIVAN System is Rs.5344/m² which is lower than that in
conventional system is Rs.6034/m².( As calculated by Srinivaschar.P.H, July 2005).
The cost per flat (or per m² built up area) using MIVAN shuttering system
depends upon the number of repetition and period of completion of the project. As the
formwork can be reused over 250 times, the initial cost per unit of forming area is less
when compared to traditional methods. The reduction of cost is also due to the
elimination of brickwork and plaster and also due to reduction in time. The cost of the
project gets substantially reduced due to shear wall construction. These are due to the
reduced consumption of steel, masonry, and plaster even though the use of concrete
decreases. For the same number of repetition, the cost will be less if the period of
completion is longer. This is because for a shorter completion period, the area of
formwork is more than required for longer completion period. Cost of formwork is
illustrated in Table no.3.8.2.
The aluminium formwork provides an integrated scaffolding system which
reduces the cost of scaffolding requirements. The mechanical and electrical installation is
simplified as conduits are embedded in the structure by precise engineering of outlets and
service ducts.
Thus, we can conclude that the overall cost of the project is lesser when compared
to project using traditional methods of formwork.
49 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
Table 3.8.2: - Effect of construction speed on the cost of flat. (Courtesy: Jogeswari
Vikhroli link road, NNP Nivara Parishad,MMRDA)
3.9 QUALITY:
High quality Formwork panels ensure consistency of dimensions. On the removal
of the formwork mould a high quality concrete finish is produced to accurate tolerances
and verticality. The high tolerance of the finish means that no further plastering is
required. Typically a 3mm to 4mm skin coat is applied internally prior to finishing and a
6mm build up coat prior to laying tiles. Care must be taken so that the concert and in
particular the enforcement does not become contaminated due to excessive or negligent
application of the releasing agent.
50 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
Quality and speed must be given due consideration along with economy. Good
quality construction will never deter to projects speed nor should it be uneconomical. In
fact, time consuming repairs and modifications due to poor quality work generally delay
the job and cause additional financial impact on the project. Some experts feel that
housing alternatives with low maintenance requirements may be preferred even if the
initial cost is high.
Even though there are so many advantages of MIVAN formwork the limitations
cannot be ignored. However the limitations do not pose any serious problems. They are
as follows: -
1) Because of small sizes finishing lines are seen on the concrete surfaces.
5) Large volume of work is necessary to be cost effective i.e. at least 200 repetitions
of the forms should be possible at work.
6) The formwork requires number of spacer, wall ties etc. which are placed @ 2 feet
c/c; these create problems such as seepage, leakages during monsoon.
7) Due to box-type construction shrinkage cracks are likely to appear.
51 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
4.3 REMIDIES
In external walls, ties used in shutter connection create holes in wall after deshuttering.
These may become a source of leakage if care is not taken to grout the holes. Due to box-
type construction shrinkage cracks are likely to appear around door and window openings
in the walls. It is possible to minimize these cracks by providing control strips in the
structure which could be concreted after a delay of about 3 to 7 days after major
concreting. The problem of cracking can be avoided by minimizing the heat of hydration
by using flyash.
SPHAGETTI at KHARGHAR
52 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
5.1 DISCUSSION
The building in plan made an angle of 1720, 168º and 1610 with each other. The
quality of construction is maintained at the site with the use of RMC. The RMC plant has
a capacity of producing 90 cubic meter of concrete of concrete per hour. The concrete
used was of 25 grades. The construction from foundation up to stilt is done with
conventional practice while the upper floors are constructed using ‘MIVAN’ technology.
The construction company has imported three sets of aluminium forms. The cost is about
Rs.500/- sq.ft as against Rs.650/- sq.ft using conventional methods. Thus it can be said
that even though the cost of construction is little bit high it has an unmatched quality
compared to the conventional method.
MIVAN formwork played a vital role in the construction of the project. The
project was completed not only on stipulated period of time but also paid off with its
attributes. Speedy & quality dwelling units were provided to the people of low income
groups at very reasonable costs. MIVAN is a definitely future of this ever growing
construction industry with lots of project still awaiting its touch of excellence.
6.1 CONCLUSION:
The task of housing due to the rising population of the country is becoming
increasingly monumental. In terms of technical capabilities to face this challenge, the
potential is enormous; it only needs to be judiciously exploited.
Civil engineers not only build but also enhance the quality of life. Their creativity
and technical skill help to plan, design, construct and operate the facilities essential to
life. It is important for civil engineers to gain and harness the potent and versatile
construction tools.
Traditionally, construction firms all over the world have been slow to adopt the
innovation and changes. Contractors are a conservative lot. It is the need of time to
analyze the depth of the problem and find effective solutions. MIVAN serves as a cost
effective and efficient tool to solve the problems of the mega housing project all over the
world. MIVAN aims to maximize the use of modern construction techniques and
equipments on its entire project.
53 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
We have tried to cover each and every aspect related to aluminium (MIVAN)
form construction. We thus infer that MIVAN form construction is able to provide high
quality construction at unbelievable speed and at reasonable cost. This technology has
great potential for application in India to provide affordable housing to its rising
population.
Thus it can be concluded that quality and speed must be given due consideration
with regards to economy. Good quality construction will never deter to projects speed nor
will it be uneconomical. In fact time consuming repairs and modification due to poor
quality work generally delay the job and cause additional financial impact on the project.
Some experts feel that housing alternatives with low maintenance requirements may be
preferred even if at the slightly may preferred even if at the higher initial cost.
List of figures
Figures Page
Fig 1.1 Prefabricated Technology…………………………………………….……….9
Fig 1.2 Tunnel Technology……………..…………………………………….……….9
Fig 1.3 Outinard Technology……………………………………………………..….10
Fig 1.4 Mascon Technology………………..……………………………………...…10
Fig 2.1 Staircase under Traditional formwork arrangement……..…………………..13
Fig 2.2 Typical steel formwork system………………………………………………13
Fig 2.3 Aluminum formwork for wall ……………………………………………….13
Fig 2.4 Precast elements……………………………………………………………...14
Fig 2.5 Hydraulic jack devices………………………………………………………..14
Fig 2.6 VSL formwork………………………………………………….…………….15
Fig 3.1 Wall Panel…………………………………………………………………….25
Fig 3.2 Rocker………………………………………………………………….……..26
Fig 3.3 Kicker…………………………………………………………………………26
Fig 3.4 Stub pin………………………………………………………………………..27
Fig 3.5 Beam side panel……………………………………….………………………27
Fig 3.6 Prop head for soffit beam………………………..……………………………28
Fig 3.7 Beam soffit panel……………………………………..……………………….28
54 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
List of Tables
Tables Page
Table 1.1- Total population and percentage of population in unauthorized
construction………………………………………………………………5
Table 1.2- Shortage of housing in India ………………………..……………………6
Table 2.1- Comparison of Aluminium formwork with Conventional type…………..21
Table 3.1- Detailed time schedule for twenty four hours ……………………………46
Table 3.2- Productivity of MIVAN forms in 4 days………………………………....47
Table 3.8.1- Cost of comparison of Conventional & MIVAN……………………….49
Table 3.8.2- Effect of construction speed on the cost of flat………………...……….50
References:
55 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
1. Carol., A., “(2001)”. Editor. “Times Journal Construction and Design”. Oct-Dec
2001, pp Editorial.
2. “Census of India”., “(2001)” “Table 500-012”. pp-48.
3. Jain and Jain., “(1993)”. “Design of Formwork”. “Design of Concrete
Structures.”, Edition 1993, pp 595-606.
4. Jana., V., G., & Kagale., Y., P., “(2005)”. “Indegnisation of Mass housing
technology”. “Indian Concrete Journal”, July2005, Volume 79, pp. 41-46.
5. Kulkarni., D., V., “(2001)”. “ First Rate Forms”. “Times Journal Construction and
Design”. Oct-Dec 2001, pp 22-23.
6. “National Building Organization”., “(2001)”. pp-25
7. Raymond., W., W., M., “(2001)”. “Conditions and Constraints in the formwork
systems for the complex High Rise buildings – with cases from HongKong”. July
2001, pp 2-6.
8. Shah., A., B., “(2005)”. “Large panel precast construction for speed and
economics”. “Indian Concrete Journal”, July2005, Volume 79, pp. 47-54.
9. Shah., Ketan., “(2005)”. “ Modular formwork for faster, economical and quality
construction”. “Indian Concrete Journal”, July 2005, Volume 79, pp 22-26.
10. Telang., S., R., “(2005)”. “ Providing transit shelter to project affected people”.
“Indian Concrete Journal”, July2005, Volume 79, pp. 55-59.
56 RIT, ISLAMPUR
Mivan-A Versatile Formwork
57 RIT, ISLAMPUR