Magnetic poles induced in nails

25 Two iron nails hang from a bar magnet.
Which diagram shows the magnetic poles induced in the nails?
A B C D
bar N N N N
magnet
S S S S
N S N S
S N S N
N N S S
S S N N
26 A steel magnet is placed inside a coil of wire. There is a large alternating current in the coil. The
magnet is slowly moved out of the coil to position P.
coil of wire
steel magnet moved

out of coil P
12 V a.c.
How has the steel changed, if at all, when it reaches position P?
A It has become a stronger magnet.

B It has become demagnetised.
C The poles have changed ends.
D There has been no change.
27 A plastic rod and a dry cloth are uncharged.
The rod is now rubbed with the cloth and they both become charged. The rod becomes
negatively charged because some charged particles move from the cloth to the rod.
What is the charge on the cloth and which particles moved in the charging process?
charge on particles that

cloth moved
A negative electrons
B negative neutrons
C positive electrons
D positive neutrons
28 The diagram shows an incomplete circuit.
X Y
A
Four wires of different length and thickness are connected in turn between point X and point Y.
All four wires are made of the same metal.
Which wire will cause the greatest reading on the ammeter?
A long and thick

B long and thin
C short and thick
D short and thin
29 The diagram shows a circuit containing a battery, a lamp, a switch and another component X.
The switch is initially closed and the lamp is lit.
The switch is now opened and the lamp remains lit for several seconds before slowly going out.
component X
What is component X?
A a capacitor
B a light-dependent resistor
C a thermistor
D a variable resistor
30 The diagram shows a circuit containing three lamps and three switches S1, S 2 and S 3.
lamp 1
S1 S2
lamp 2
S3
lamp 3
Lamp 1 and lamp 3 are lit, but lamp 2 is not lit.
Which switch or switches is/are closed?
A S1 only
B S1 and S2
C S1 and S3
D S2 and S3
31 The diagram shows part of an electric circuit.
12 V
0V
The light falling on the light-dependent resistor (LDR) increases in brightness.
What happens to the resistance of the LDR and what happens to the reading on the voltmeter?
resistance of reading on
LDR voltmeter
A decreases decreases
B decreases increases
C increases decreases
D increases increases
32 Which labelled component in the circuit shown controls the brightness of lamp X?
A
V
X B
33 An appliance is connected to a mains supply. Its circuit also contains a switch and a fuse.
Which circuit shows the fuse in the correct position?
A B
appliance appliance
live live
neutral neutral
C D
appliance appliance
live live
neutral neutral
34 An electric current is passed through a coil of wire.
coil of wire
Which diagram shows the shape of the magnetic field produced in the middle of the coil?
A B
C D
35 When a wire is moved upwards between the poles of a magnet, an electromotive force (e.m.f.) is
induced across the ends of the wire.
motion
of wire
N
wire
Which device uses a moving wire to induce an e.m.f.?
A a cathode-ray tube
B a generator
C a transformer
D an electromagnet
36 An input voltage of 10 V is supplied to the primary coil of a transformer. An output voltage of 40 V

is produced across the secondary coil.
The 10 V supply at the primary coil is now replaced with a 40 V supply.
What is the new output voltage across the secondary coil?
A 10 V B 40 V C 70 V D 160 V
35 A metal wire is placed between the poles of a magnet.
The wire can be moved in each of three directions OP, QR and ST.
metal wire
O R
N pole S pole
S T
Q
P
In which direction or directions must the wire be moved to induce an e.m.f. across the ends of the
wire?
A OP only B OP or ST C QR D ST only
36 A transformer has 100 turns on its primary coil and 25 turns on its secondary coil. The primary
coil is connected to a 12 V a.c. supply.
100 25
turns turns
primary coil
12 V secondary coil
What is the voltage induced across the secondary coil?
A 3.0 V B 4.0 V C 48 V D 300 V

34 In the circuit shown, the current from the battery divides equally between the two lamps. Each
ammeter reads 6.0 A.
A A
What is a suitable rating for the fuse in this circuit?
A 3.0 A B 6.0 A C 10.0 A D 13.0 A

31 Which statement is not correct for lamps connected in parallel?
A They can be switched on and off separately.

B They will remain bright if another lamp is connected in parallel.
C They share the supply voltage equally between them.
D They still operate if one lamp is removed.
32 A student connects a circuit using an uncharged capacitor C, with a large capacitance, and a
resistor R, with a high resistance.
The switch is closed. The reading on the voltmeter P rises immediately to a maximum value, then
starts to fall gradually.
R V P
C V Q
What happens to the reading on the voltmeter Q and what happens to the energy stored in the
capacitor?
reading on energy stored

voltmeter Q in capacitor
A falls decreases
B falls increases
C rises decreases
D rises increases
28 Two balloons, X and Y, are suspended by insulating threads. They are each held near a
negatively charged balloon. The balloons hang as shown.
insulating insulating
threads threads
– – ––
– – – – ––
– – X – – Y
– – – – – –
– – – –
What is the charge on balloon X and what is the charge on balloon Y?
balloon X balloon Y
A negative negative
B negative positive
C positive negative
D positive positive
29 Which quantities is a voltmeter used to measure?
A current and e.m.f. only

B current and p.d. only
C e.m.f. and p.d. only
D e.m.f., current and p.d
30 The diagram shows a lamp and a resistor connected in a circuit. The lamp is too bright.
Which change to the circuit will decrease the current in the lamp and make it less bright?
A connecting another resistor in parallel with the one in the circuit

B connecting another resistor in series with the one in the circuit
C exchanging the positions of the lamp and the resistor in the circuit
D increasing the e.m.f. of the battery in the circuit
26 Which row correctly shows whether copper and steel are ferrous or non-ferrous?
copper steel
A ferrous ferrous
B ferrous non-ferrous
C non-ferrous ferrous
D non-ferrous non-ferrous
26 The ends of three metal rods are tested by holding end Q of rod 1 close to the others in turn.
R T
Q S U
rod 1 rod 2 rod 3
The results are as follows.
End Q: attracts end R,

attracts end S,
attracts end T,
repels end U.
Which of the metal rods is a magnet?
A rod 1 only
B rod 1 and rod 2
C rod 1 and rod 3
D rod 3 only
27 A permanent magnet is made from metal and an electromagnet uses a metal core.
Which metal is suitable for each of these purposes?
permanent core of
magnet electromagnet
A iron iron
B iron steel
C steel iron
D steel steel
28 Which row gives the unit for energy and the unit for electromotive force (e.m.f.)?
energy e.m.f.
A J N
B J V
C W N
D W V
29 A student carries out an experiment to investigate the resistance of a resistor R. She takes a
series of readings of potential difference (p.d.) and current, and plots a graph of her results.
Which circuit should she use?
A B
A A
R R
C D
A V A
R R
V
30 The diagram shows a circuit with a 3.0 Ω resistor and a 2.0 Ω resistor connected in parallel.
6.0 V
A
3.0 Ω
2.0 Ω
The switch is open, and the ammeter reads 2.0 A.
The switch is now closed and the ammeter reads the total current in both resistors.
What is the ammeter reading with the switch closed?
A 1.2 A B 3.0 A C 4.0 A D 5.0 A
31 The diagram shows a torch containing two cells, a switch and a lamp.
cells
plastic
case
brass
connecting switch
strip lamp
Which is the circuit diagram for the torch?
A B C D
32 An engineer uses the potential divider shown in the diagram. He needs the output voltage to be
1 ) of the input voltage.
one tenth ( 10
input
voltage
output
Y
voltage
Which pair of values could he use for the two resistors X and Y?
X / kΩ Y / kΩ
A 1.0 9.0
B 1.0 10.0
C 9.0 1.0
D 10.0 1.0
33 The current in a kettle is 10 A and it is protected by a 13 A fuse.
The owner of the kettle replaces the 13 A fuse with a 3 A fuse.
What happens when the kettle is switched on?
A The fuse blows and the kettle is damaged.

B The fuse blows and the kettle is undamaged.
C The fuse does not blow and the kettle works correctly.
D The fuse does not blow but the kettle fails to work.
34 The diagram shows cables used in the transmission of electrical energy. High voltages are used
for the transmission.
transmission cables
power
station
Why are high voltages used for the transmission of electrical energy?
A Fear of high voltages stops people from interfering with the cables.
B Heat loss in the cables is smaller than if low voltages are used.
C High voltages increase the current in the cables.

D High voltages produce large magnetic fields, so less insulation is needed.
35 Which diagram shows the magnetic field pattern around a wire that is carrying a current
perpendicular to the page?
A B C D
wire wire
36 The diagram shows a simple transformer with an input of 240 V and an output of 40 V.
There are 600 turns on the primary coil.
primary coil secondary coil
600
input 240 V 40 V output
turns
How many turns are there on the secondary coil?
A 100 B 320 C 400 D 3600

33 The current in an electrical heater is 5.0 A.
The heater is connected to the mains by a flexible cable that can carry a current of up to 15 A.
The mains circuit can carry a current of up to 30 A.
Different fuses are available for the heater.
Which fuse is the most suitable?
A 4.0 A B 10 A C 20 A D 40 A
34 The diagram shows a thin copper wire in a magnetic field. The current in the wire is from right to
left. This causes an upward force on the wire.
current
force on wire
The direction of the current and the direction of the magnetic field are both reversed.
In which direction does the force act on the wire, after these changes are made?
A downwards
B into the page
C out of the page
D upwards
35 A solenoid is connected to a very sensitive ammeter. A rod is inserted into one end of the
solenoid. The ammeter shows that there is a small electric current in the circuit while the rod is
moving.
solenoid
rod
Which rod is being inserted?
A a heated copper rod

B a magnetised steel rod
C an uncharged nylon rod
D a radioactive uranium rod

36 The diagram shows the structure of a transformer.
core
primary coil
Which row shows a suitable material for the primary coil and a suitable material for the core?
primary coil core
A copper copper
B copper iron
C iron copper
D iron iron
32 The diagram shows a circuit with a fixed resistor connected in series with a light-dependent
resistor (LDR). A voltmeter is connected across the LDR.
A bright lamp shines light onto the LDR. The lamp is then switched off and this causes the
voltmeter reading to change.
Which row shows the change in the resistance of the LDR and the change in the voltmeter
reading when the lamp is switched off?
resistance of voltmeter
LDR reading
28 Four wires are made from the same material.
Which wire has the least resistance?
diameter of length of
wire / mm wire / cm
A 0.2 100
B 0.2 200
C 0.4 100
D 0.4 200
29 A 30 Ω resistor is connected in series with another resistor and a 6.0 V battery. The current in the
circuit is 0.12 A. A voltmeter is connected across the other resistor.
6.0 V
0.12 A
30 Ω
What is the reading on the voltmeter?
A 2.4 V B 3.6 V C 6.0 V D 9.6 V
30 A circuit contains four ammeters A, B, C and D, and three resistors with different values.
Which ammeter shows the largest reading?
A A D
10 Ω
A
B A
20 Ω
30 Ω
A
C
27 The diagram shows two bar magnets, stored with metal keepers across the ends. The keepers
help to keep the magnets magnetised.
magnet
keeper keeper
magnet
The material used for the keepers becomes strongly magnetised when placed in contact with the
magnets, but does not remain magnetised when taken away from the magnets.
What is a suitable metal to use for the magnets and what is a suitable metal to use for the
keepers?
metal for metal for

magnets keepers
A iron iron
B iron steel
C steel iron
D steel steel
25 A magnet is placed on a balance. The balance reading changes when an iron bar or another
magnet is held close to the first magnet.
The arrangements are shown in the diagrams.
S
iron bar
N
S S S
N N N
100 g g g
diagram 1 diagram 2 diagram 3
Which row gives the balance reading in diagram 2 and in diagram 3?
balance reading in diagram 2 balance reading in diagram 3

/g /g
A less than 100 less than 100

B less than 100 more than 100
C more than 100 less than 100
D more than 100 more than 100
26 An electromagnet with a soft-iron core is connected to a battery and an open switch. The soft-iron
core is just above some small soft-iron nails.
electromagnet
soft-iron core
soft-iron nails
The switch is now closed, left closed for a few seconds, and then opened.
What do the soft-iron nails do as the switch is closed, and what do they do when the switch is
then opened?
as switch is closed as switch is opened
A nails jump up nails fall down

B nails jump up nails stay up
C nails stay down nails jump up
D nails stay down nails stay down
27 The diagram shows a piece of metal resistance wire.
Which wire, made of the same metal, has a smaller resistance?
A a wire of the same length with a larger diameter

B a wire of the same length with a smaller diameter
C a wire of greater length with the same diameter

D a wire of greater length with a smaller diameter
28 What is the unit of electromotive force (e.m.f.)?
A ampere
B joule
C volt
D watt
29 The circuit diagram shows a 4.0 Ω resistor and an 8.0 Ω resistor connected to a 6.0 V battery.
6.0 V
4.0 Ω 8.0 Ω
What is the current in the battery?
A 0.50 A B 0.75 A C 1.5 A D 2.0 A
30 The diagram shows a circuit which includes an uncharged capacitor and a switch.
X switch
capacitor
The switch can be moved between position X and position Y.
What happens to the capacitor when the switch is moved to position X, and what happens when
the switch is then moved to position Y?
switch at X switch at Y
A capacitor charges capacitor charges

B capacitor charges capacitor discharges
C capacitor discharges capacitor charges
D capacitor discharges capacitor discharges
31 The diagram shows a 3.0 Ω resistor and a 6.0 Ω resistor connected in parallel.
3.0 Ω
6.0 Ω
What is the total resistance of this arrangement?
A less than 3.0 Ω
B 3.0 Ω
C 4.5 Ω
D more than 6.0 Ω
32 The diagram shows a 10 Ω resistor and a 20 Ω resistor connected in a potential divider circuit.
10 Ω
12.0 V
20 Ω V
A 4.0 V B 6.0 V C 8.0 V D 12.0 V

33 In the circuit shown, only one of the fuses has blown, but none of the lamps is lit.
Which fuse has blown?
power
supply
B C
D
34 Which diagram shows the pattern of the magnetic field produced by a current-carrying solenoid?
A B C D
solenoid solenoid solenoid solenoid
35 What is an advantage of transmitting electricity at a high voltage?
A It is faster.
B It is safer.
C Less energy is wasted.
D Less equipment is needed.
36 A transformer has 1200 turns on its primary coil and 400 turns on its secondary coil. An output
voltage of 90 V is induced across the secondary coil.

1200 turns 400 turns
output
voltage
90 V
What is the input voltage of the transformer?
A 30 V B 90 V C 270 V D 1200 V
34 An e.m.f. is induced across a wire when it moves through the magnetic field between the poles of
a magnet.
Which electrical device operates because of this effect?
A a battery
B a cathode-ray tube
C a generator
D a motor
35 The diagram shows a flat, rectangular coil placed between the poles of a magnet.
There is a current in the coil that makes it turn in the direction shown in the diagram.
direction
coil of turning
N S
current
Which change would make the coil turn in the opposite direction?
A decreasing the current in the coil

B increasing the number of turns on the coil
C reversing both the direction of the current in the coil and the poles of the magnet
D reversing only the direction of the current in the coil
36 A transformer has 1000 turns on its primary coil. An input voltage of 12 V is applied to the primary
coil, and an output voltage of 120 V is induced across the secondary coil.
primary coil
1000 turns secondary coil
input voltage output voltage

12 V 120 V
How many turns are on the secondary coil of the transformer?
A 100 B 120 C 1000 D 10 000

27 A student has wires of different lengths and different diameters. The wires are all made of the
same metal.
The student measures the resistance of one wire.
Which wire has a greater resistance than the wire he has measured?
A a shorter wire with a larger diameter
B a shorter wire with the same diameter

C a wire of the same length with a larger diameter
D a wire of the same length with a smaller diameter
28 The circuit diagram shows a 4.0 Ω resistor and an 8.0Ω resistor connected to a 6.0 V battery.
6.0 V
4.0 Ω
8.0 Ω
What is the potential difference (p.d.) across the 4.0 Ω resistor?
A 0.5 V B 2.0 V C 4.0 V D 6.0 V

29 Diagram 1 shows two thin, uncharged strips of plastic.
Diagram 2 shows the same strips after they have been rubbed with a dry cloth.
strips
of plastic
diagram 1 diagram 2
Which row describes the charge on the strips after rubbing, and the force between the strips after
rubbing?
charge on strips force between strips
A opposite attraction
B opposite repulsion
C the same attraction
D the same repulsion

30 The diagram shows a circuit which includes an uncharged capacitor and a switch.
X switch
capacitor
The switch can be moved between position X and position Y.
What happens to the capacitor when the switch is moved to position X, and what happens when
the switch is then moved to position Y?
switch at X switch at Y
A capacitor charges capacitor charges

B capacitor charges capacitor discharges
C capacitor discharges capacitor charges
D capacitor discharges capacitor discharges
31 Two 5.0 Ω resistors are connected as shown in the diagram.
5.0 Ω
5.0 Ω
What is the total resistance of this combination?
A less than 5.0 Ω
B 5.0 Ω
C more than 5.0 Ω but less than 10.0 Ω
D 10.0 Ω
32 The diagram shows a 10 Ω resistor and a 20 Ω resistor connected in a potential divider circuit.
10 Ω
12.0 V
20 Ω V
A 4.0 V B 6.0 V C 8.0 V D 12.0 V
33 In the circuit shown, only one of the fuses has blown, but none of the lamps is lit.
Which fuse has blown?
power
supply
B C
D
31 Which component is represented by this circuit symbol?
A a bell
B a fuse
C a relay
D a transformer
34 A student investigates the force on a bar magnet placed near a current-carrying coil. She carries
out three different experiments.
N S N S S N
magnet
attracted
to coil
experiment 1 experiment 2 experiment 3
In experiment 1, the magnet is attracted to the coil.
Which row shows what happens in the other two experiments?
experiment 2 experiment 3
A magnet attracted magnet attracted

B magnet attracted magnet repelled
C magnet repelled magnet attracted

D magnet repelled magnet repelled
35 Which diagram represents the voltage output of a simple a.c. generator?
A B
voltage voltage
0 0
time time
C D
voltage voltage
0 0
time time
36 A transformer has 400 turns on its secondary coil. An input voltage of 12 V is applied to the
primary coil, and an output voltage of 120 V is induced across the secondary coil.

400 turns

12 V 120 V
How many turns are on the primary coil of the transformer?
A 12 B 40 C 400 D 4000
28 Which sample of copper wire has the greatest electrical resistance?
length of wire / m diameter of wire / mm
A 1.0 2.0
B 1.0 4.0
C 10 2.0
D 10 4.0
25 Which row states whether each metal is ferrous or non-ferrous?
ferrous non-ferrous
A aluminium copper
B copper iron
C iron steel
D steel aluminium
26 Which procedure may be used to demagnetise a steel bar?
A cooling it in a freezer for several hours

B earthing it with a copper wire for several seconds
C removing it slowly from a coil carrying an alternating current (a.c.)
D rubbing it in one direction with a woollen cloth
27 What is the unit of electrical power?
A ampere
B joule
C volt
D watt
28 Some resistors are made using one type of wire. Two different lengths of wire are available. Each
length is available in two different diameters.
Which wire has the highest resistance?
A the wire with the greater length and the larger diameter
B the wire with the greater length and the smaller diameter
C the wire with the smaller length and the larger diameter
D the wire with the smaller length and the smaller diameter
29 Four students are each given an identical resistor and asked to find its resistance. They each
measure the potential difference across the resistor and the current in it.
One student makes a mistake.
Which row shows the results of the student that makes a mistake?
potential difference / V current / A
A 1.2 0.500
B 2.4 1.100
C 1.5 0.625
D 3.0 1.250
30 What is the circuit symbol for a variable resistor?
A B C D
31 The diagram shows a circuit containing three ammeters P, Q and R.
P A Q A R
A
Which statement about the readings on the ammeters is correct?
A The reading on P is equal to the reading on Q.
B The reading on P is equal to the reading on R.
C The reading on Q is greater than the reading on P.

D The reading on Q is greater than the reading on R.
32 The diagram shows a light-dependent resistor (LDR) connected in a potential divider circuit.
The brightness of the light falling on the LDR is increased.
Which row shows what happens to the resistance of the LDR, and what happens to the reading
on the voltmeter?
resistance of LDR reading on voltmeter
33 Four lamps are each labelled '60 W 230 V'.
In which circuit are the lamps connected so that they operate at normal brightness?
A B C D
230 V 230 V 230 V 230 V
34 A step-up transformer is used before electricity is transmitted by overhead cables.
Which statement explains why the step-up transformer is used?
A It increases the current to increase the speed at which the electricity travels.
B It increases the current to reduce energy loss in the cables.
C It increases the voltage to increase the speed at which the electricity travels.
D It increases the voltage to reduce energy loss in the cables.

35 A current-carrying wire XY lies in the magnetic field between the two poles of a U-shaped
electromagnet. A force acts on the wire XY because of the magnetic field.
electromagnet
X current-carrying wire
Each of the following actions is carried out separately.
● The current in the wire XY is reversed.
● The magnetic field is reversed.

● Both the current in the wire XY and the magnetic field are reversed at the same
time.
How many of these actions cause the directi on of the force on the wire XY to be reversed?
A 0 B 1 C 2 D 3
36 A current-carrying coil in a magnetic field experiences a turning effect.
power supply
+ –
N S
coil
How can the turning effect be increased?
A Increase the number of turns on the coil.

B Reduce the size of the current.
C Reverse the direction of the magnetic field.
D Use thinner wire for the coil.
37 The diagram shows cathode rays entering an electric field between two charged plates.
+ + + + + +
cathode rays
– – – – – –
How does the path of the cathode rays change and why?
A They move towards the negative plate because cathode rays have a negative charge.
B They move towards the negative plate because cathode rays have a positive charge.
C They move towards the positive plate because cathode rays have a negative charge.
D They move towards the positive plate because cathode rays have a positive charge.
25 Which statement about a permanent bar magnet is correct?
A It is made from a soft magnetic material.
B It repels a non-magnetic material.
C Its field lines cross each other where the magnetic field is strong.
D Its N-pole repels the N-pole of another magnet.

27 Two plastic rods P and Q are both negatively charged. Rod P hangs freely.
Y
X
rod P
rod Q
The end of rod Q is brought near to end X of rod P, and then near to end Y of rod P.
What happens to the rods in each position?
near end X near end Y
A they attract they attract
B they attract they repel

C they repel they attract
D they repel they repel
28 Which circuit shows a voltmeter measuring the p.d. across a resistor?
A B
C D
29 A student has four pieces of resistance wire made of the same material. Each piece is connected
in turn between the terminals X and Y in the circuit.
X Y
In which wire is the current the largest?
length of wire / m diameter of wire / mm
A 0.5 0.5
B 0.5 1.0
C 1.0 0.5
D 1.0 1.0
30 A student connects the circuit shown.
1
2
Which switches must be closed for both the bell to ring and the lamp to light?
A 1 and 4 only
B 2 and 3 only
C 1, 2 and 3 only
D 1, 2, 3 and 4
31 Two resistors are connected in parallel.
20 Ω
30 Ω
Which value could be the resistance of the combination?
A 12 Ω B 20 Ω C 25 Ω D 50Ω
32 The circuit contains a variable potential divider PQ, a lamp and a voltmeter.
power supply
+ –
P Q
sliding
contact
V
The sliding contact of the potential divider is moved towards end Q.
What happens to the brightness of the lamp and what happens to the voltmeter reading?
brightness of lamp voltmeter reading
A becomes brighter decreases

B becomes brighter increases
C does not change decreases

D does not change increases
33 Four lamps are each labelled '60 W 230 V'.
In which circuit are the lamps connected so that they operate at normal brightness?
A B C D
230 V 230 V 230 V 230 V

34 A fuse is used to protect an electric circuit.
Which diagram shows where the fuse should be connected?
A B
live live
neutral neutral
C D
live live
neutral neutral
35 A transformer has 2400 turns on its primary coil and 200 turns on its secondary coil.

2400 turns 200 turns
output voltage 240 V
What input voltage is needed to give an output voltage of 240 V?
A 12 V B 20 V C 240 V D 2880 V
30 A student designs a circuit to switch on a lamp after a time delay.
Which components are used in a time-delay circuit?
A a light-dependent resistor and a relay

B a resistor and a capacitor
C a resistor and a transformer
D a thermistor and a variable resistor
31 Identical resistors are connected together to form arrangements X, Y and Z.
arrangement X arrangement Y arrangement Z
What is the correct order of the resistances of the arrangements from the largest to the smallest?
A X→Y→Z
B Y→X→Z
C Z→X→Y
D Z→Y→X
28 A metal wire of circular cross-section has diameter d and length l.
current
wire
Which pair of changes, if both are carried out, must increase the resistance of the wire?
A decrease l and decrease d

B decrease l and increase d
C increase l and decrease d
D increase l and increase d
29 The circuit shown contains a battery, a 6.0 Ω resistor and two meters X and Y.
One meter records current and one meter records potential difference.
meter X
6.0 Ω
meter Y
Which row shows possible values for the readings on the meters?
meter X meter Y
A 2.0 A 12 V
B 2.0 V 12 A
C 12 A 2.0 V
D 12 V 2.0 A
24 Sounds are produced by vibrating objects. A certain object vibrates but a person nearby cannot
hear any sound.
Which statement could explain why nothing is heard?
A The amplitude of the sound waves is too large.

B The frequency of the vibration is too high.
C The sound waves are transverse.
D The speed of the sound waves is too high.
25 Which metal could be used for a permanent magnet and which metal could be used for the core
of an electromagnet?
permanent core of
magnet electromagnet
A iron copper
B iron steel
C steel copper
D steel iron

27 A plastic rod is rubbed with a cotton cloth. This process causes the rod and the cloth to become
charged. These charges cause a force between the rod and the cloth.
Which row compares the charges on the rod and the cloth, and describes the effect of the force
between the rod and the cloth?
charges on rod
effect
and cloth
A opposite they attract

B opposite they repel
C the same they attract
D the same they repel
35 In an electrical circuit, what is the purpose of a fuse?
A to connect the metal case of an appliance to the earth

B to cut off the electrical supply if the current is too large
C to keep an electrical appliance dry in damp conditions
D to maintain a steady voltage as the current varies
33 Three cores of different metals, P, Q and R, are placed inside identical coils of wire.
At least one of the metals is non-ferrous.
The cores are held above some iron nails.
The three diagrams below show what happens when there is a current in the coils.
coil
+ + +
– – –
core
P Q R
iron
nails
The three diagrams below show what happens when the current is then switched off.
+ + +
– – –
P Q R
Which row identifies whether the core metals are ferrous or non-ferrous?
ferrous non-ferrous
A P Q and R
B P and Q R
C Q and R P
D R P and Q
26 Which action will demagnetise a magnetised piece of steel?
A Cool it in a freezer for several hours.
B Hit it repeatedly with a hammer.

C Put it in a coil carrying a direct current (d.c.).
D Put it near an unmagnetised piece of iron.
27 Which row gives the unit for electromotive force (e.m.f.) and the unit for potential difference
(p.d.)?
electromotive potential
force difference
A newton joule
B newton volt
C volt joule
D volt volt
27 Which statement about a magnet is correct?
A A magnet attracts a gold rod.

B A magnet does not attract a plastic rod.
C A magnet never repels another magnet.
D A magnet sometimes repels an unmagnetised nickel rod.
28 A student wishes to make a permanent magnet. She has an iron rod and a steel rod.
Which rod should she use to make the permanent magnet, and is this rod a hard magnetic
material or a soft magnetic material?
type of magnetic
rod
material
A iron hard
B iron soft
C steel hard
D steel soft
29 The circuit shown includes two meters X and Y, connected correctly.
Which row gives the unit of the quantity measured by X and the unit of the quantity measured
by Y?
meter X meter Y
A ampere ampere
B ampere volt
C volt ampere
D volt volt
30 A polythene rod is rubbed with a cloth.
polythene rod
cloth
The rod and the cloth both become charged as electrons move between them.
The rod becomes negatively charged.
Which diagram shows how the rod becomes negatively charged, and the final charge on the
cloth?
A B
electron electron
–
–
movement –
–
movement
– –
– –
– –
– + + + – –
– + + +
–
– ++ + –
– ++ +
+ +
+ + + +
C D
electron electron
– – movement – – movement
–
– –
–
–– –
– –
––
– –
– –
–
– –
– – –
–
– – –
– –
– –
– –
31 What is the function of a relay?
A to allow a current in one circuit to operate a switch in another circuit

B to prevent an electric shock by earthing a metal case
C to protect a circuit by melting if the current becomes too large
D to transform a d.c. voltage to a different value
32 The circuit shown contains three ammeters X, Y and Z.
X A Z
A
10 Ω
A
20 Ω
Y
Which ammeter has the largest reading?
A X
B Y
C Z
D They all have the same reading.
33 The diagram shows part of a circuit used to switch street lamps on and off automatically.
LDR
In the evening it gets dark.
Which row shows the effect on the resistance of the light-dependent resistor (LDR) and on the
potential difference (p.d.) across it?
resistance of LDR p.d. across LDR
34 A domestic circuit includes a 30 A fuse. This protects the wiring if there is too much current in the
circuit.
In which wire is the 30 A fuse positioned, and what does it do when it operates?
position operation
A live wire disconnects the circuit
B live wire reduces the current to 30 A
C neutral wire disconnects the circuit
D neutral wire reduces the current to 30 A
35 A strong electromagnet is used to attract pins.
current core
coil
pins
What happens when the current in the coil is halved?
A No pins are attracted.

B Some pins are attracted, but not as many.
C The same number of pins is attracted.
D More pins are attracted.
36 The diagram shows a transformer.
input output
voltage voltage

800 turns 40 turns
The input voltage is 240 V.
What is the output voltage?
A 6.0 V B 12 V C 20 V D 40 V
29 Two meters are connected in a circuit to measure the current in a component and the potential
difference across the component.
Which meters are used and how are they connected to the component?
A an ammeter in parallel for current, a voltmeter in series for potential difference

B an ammeter in series for current, a voltmeter in parallel for potential difference
C a voltmeter in parallel for current, an ammeter in series for potential difference
D a voltmeter in series for current, an ammeter in parallel for potential difference
30 A wire has a certain electrical resistance.
The diameter and length of the wire may be changed.
Which pair of changes must cause the resistance of the wire to increase?
change of change of
diameter length
A decrease decrease
B decrease increase
C increase decrease
D increase increase
31 P and Q are the circuit symbols for two electrical components.
P Q
Which components are represented by P and by Q?
P Q
A thermistor fuse
B thermistor relay
C variable resistor fuse
D variable resistor relay
26 A singer sings two notes. The first note is louder and lower in pitch than the second note.
Which statement about the two notes is correct?
A The first note has a larger amplitude and a larger frequency than the second note.
B The first note has a larger amplitude and a smaller frequency than the second note.
C The first note has a smaller amplitude and a larger frequency than the second note.
D The first note has a smaller amplitude and a smaller frequency than the second note.
27 Two nickel bars are placed close to the N-pole of a bar magnet.
The nickel bars become magnetised.
magnet nickel bars
S N P Q
Which row states the pole induced at P, the pole induced at Q, and the type of magnetic force
between P and Q?
pole induced pole induced force between

at P at Q P and Q
A N S attraction
B N S repulsion
C S N attraction
D S N repulsion
28 A student wishes to make a permanent magnet. She has an iron rod and a steel rod.
Which rod should she use to make the permanent magnet, and is this rod a hard magnetic
material or a soft magnetic material?
type of magnetic
rod
material
A iron hard
B iron soft
C steel hard
D steel soft
29 A flexible electrical cable consists of a central conductor and outer insulation.
central outer
conductor insulation
Which pair of materials is suitable for the cable?
central conductor outer insulation
A copper plastic
B lead wood
C plastic copper
D wood lead
30 The diagram shows a battery connected to two resistors.
Four students separately measure the electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the battery, the current in
the resistors, and the potential difference (p.d.) across resistor R.
Their results are shown in the table below.
Which row shows values with their correct units?
e.m.f. current p.d.
A 3.0 A 0.30 V 1.5 A

B 3.0 A 0.30 A 1.5 V
C 3.0 V 0.30 V 1.5 A
D 3.0 V 0.30 A 1.5 V
31 Why are lamps in a house lighting circuit connected in parallel rather than in series?
A If one lamp stops working, the remaining lamps become brighter.

B Less current is taken from the power supply.
C The lamps can be turned off independently using switches.
D When more lamps are added, their brightness decreases.
27 In two separate experiments, a magnet is brought near to an unmagnetised iron bar. This causes
the bar to become magnetised.
experiment 1 N magnet S X iron bar
experiment 2 S magnet N iron bar Y
Which magnetic pole is induced at X and at Y?
pole induced at X pole induced at Y
A N N
B N S
C S N
D S S
28 A polythene rod is rubbed with a cloth. The rod becomes positively charged because of the
movement of charged particles.
Which row gives the name of these charged particles, and the direction in which they move?
charged direction of
particles movement
A electrons from cloth to rod

B electrons from rod to cloth
C protons from cloth to rod
D protons from rod to cloth
29 The diagram shows a lamp in a circuit.
Which change to the circuit would increase the current in the lamp?
A adding another resistor in parallel with the one in the circuit

B adding another resistor in series with the one in the circuit
C decreasing the electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the battery in the circuit
D moving the lamp to point P in the circuit
30 An ammeter and an 18 Ω resistor are connected in series with a battery. The reading on the
ammeter is 0.50 A.
18 Ω
What is the electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the battery?
A 9.0 N B 9.0 V C 36 N D 36 V
31 A source of constant electromotive force (e.m.f.) is connected across a thermistor.
There is an electric current in the thermistor.
current
The temperature of the thermistor is reduced.
Which row shows what happens to the resistance of the thermistor and what happens to the
current?
resistance current
A increases decreases
B increases increases
C stays the same decreases
D stays the same increases
32 The diagram shows a circuit containing a battery, a resistor with high resistance, a switch and a
lamp.
12 V
battery
12 V
resistor lamp
Initially the switch is open.
What happens to the lamp when the switch is closed?
A It glows more brightly.

B It glows less brightly.
C It goes out.
D Its brightness does not change.
33 The diagram shows a circuit containing two identical lamps and three ammeters.
ammeter 1 A A ammeter 3
A
ammeter 2
The current in ammeter 1 is 0.30 A.
Which row gives possible values for the currents in ammeters 2 and 3?
ammeter 2 ammeter 3
/A /A
A 0.15 0.00
B 0.15 0.30
C 0.30 0.00
D 0.30 0.30
34 Two electrical appliances are connected to the mains supply.
The cable connected to one appliance includes an earth wire.
The cable connected to the second appliance does not need an earth wire.
What is a reason for this difference?
A One appliance has a metal case, but the other appliance does not.
B One appliance is fitted with a fuse, but the other appliance is not.
C One appliance is fitted with a switch, but the other appliance is not.
D One appliance needs more current than the other appliance.
35 The diagram represents a transformer.
core
primary coil
Which row shows materials suitable for making the core and the primary coil?
core primary coil
A iron copper
B iron plastic
C steel copper
D steel plastic
36 An electric current can produce a heating effect and a magnetic effect.
Which row shows the effect that a relay uses and one application of a relay?
effect used by a relay one application of a relay
A heating effect allowing a small current to switch on a large current

B heating effect changing the voltage of an a.c. supply
C magnetic effect allowing a small current to switch on a large current
D magnetic effect changing the voltage of an a.c. supply
35 A transformer has an input voltage of 240 V and an output voltage of 12 V.

240 V 12 V
What is a possible pair of values for the number of turns in the primary coil and the number of
turns in the secondary coil?
number of turns number of turns

in primary coil in secondary coil
A 12 4800
B 240 4800
C 4800 12
D 4800 240
33 In which circuit does the ammeter read 2.0 A?
A B
12 V 12 V
A A
6.0 Ω 6.0 Ω 3.0 Ω 3.0 Ω
C D
6.0 V 18 V
A A
6.0 Ω 6.0 Ω 3.0 Ω 3.0 Ω

31 A source of constant electromotive force (e.m.f.) is connected across a light-dependent resistor
(LDR).
There is an electric current in the LDR.
current
The brightness of the light falling on the LDR is reduced.
Which row shows what happens to the resistance of the LDR and what happens to the current?
resistance current
32 The diagram shows an electric circuit.
S T
switch
When the switch is open, which lamp or lamps are not lit?
A R only
B S only
C R, S and T
D S and T only
29 The diagram shows a lamp in a circuit.
Which change to the circuit would increase the current in the lamp?
A adding another resistor in parallel with the one in the circuit

B adding another resistor in series with the one in the circuit
C decreasing the electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the battery in the circuit
D moving the lamp to point P in the circuit
30 An ammeter and an 18 Ω resistor are connected in series with a battery. The reading on the
ammeter is 0.50 A.
18 Ω
What is the electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the battery?
A 9.0 N B 9.0 V C 36 N D 36 V
35 Which transformer can change a 240 V a.c. input into a 15 V a.c. output?
A B
800 turns 40 turns 1000 turns 25 turns
C D
2400 turns 15 turns 1200 turns 75 turns

33 The diagram shows a potential divider.
6V
0V
When brighter light falls on the light-dependent resistor (LDR), its resistance changes.
What happens to the resistance of the LDR and what happens to the current in it?
resistance of LDR current in LDR
31 In which circuit will the ammeter reading be greatest?
A B C D
2.0 V 2.0 V 2.0 V 2.0 V
A A 2.0 Ω A 2.0 Ω
A
2.0 Ω 2.0 Ω 2.0 Ω 2.0 Ω

2.0 Ω 2.0 Ω
32 An electric washing machine is protected by an earth wire.
To which part of the washing machine should the earth wire be connected?
A the fuse
B the live wire
C the metal case

D the switch
28 A student holds a rod in his hand.
cloth
hand
rod
He rubs the rod with a cloth. The rod gains a positive charge.
Of which material could the rod be made, and which transfer of charge has happened?
material of rod transfer of charge
A metal negative charge from rod to cloth

B metal positive charge from cloth to rod
C plastic negative charge from rod to cloth
D plastic positive charge from cloth to rod
26 What is wrong with this labelled diagram of a permanent magnet?
iron disc
N S
A The cross-section should be rectangular.
B The length should be greater than the diameter.

C The magnet should be made of steel.
D The N-pole and the S-pole should be reversed.
27 Which statement about magnetism is correct?
A An unmagnetised iron bar becomes magnetised when it is placed near a magnet.

B An unmagnetised steel bar can be magnetised by passing a current through it.
C Steel is used as the core of an electromagnet.

D When an iron bar has been magnetised, it is difficult to demagnetise it.
28 A student tests the electrical conduction of four materials.
aluminium
iron
plastic
silver
Which materials conduct electricity?
A aluminium, iron and silver only

B aluminium and silver only
C iron, silver and plastic only

D plastic only
29 The circuit diagram shows three resistors connected in series across a 6.0 V supply.
6.0 V
3.0 Ω 4.0 Ω 5.0 Ω
What is the potential difference (p.d.) across the 4.0 Ω resistor?
A 0.67 V B 1.5 V C 2.0 V D 6.0 V
30 A thermistor is connected in series with a sensitive ammeter and a battery.
thermistor
Which change will give a larger ammeter reading?
A adding another thermistor in series
B cooling the thermistor

C heating the thermistor
D reducing the number of cells in the battery

31 Three ammeters measure the currents in different parts of the circuit shown. The diagram
indicates the reading on the ammeters.
18 Ω
A
3.0 A
A
2.0 A 6Ω
A
1.5 A
How do we know that at least one of the ammeters must be faulty?
A All three ammeters must read the same value.
B All the current takes the easier path through the 6 Ω resistor.
C The current from the battery must be equal to the sum of the currents in the two resistors.
D The current in the two parallel resistors must be the same.
32 A student connects a variable potential divider (potentiometer) circuit.
R
T V
12 V
What happens to the reading on the voltmeter as the sliding terminal T is moved from R to S?
A It decreases from 12 V to 0 V.
B It increases from 0 V to 12 V.
C It remains at 0 V.
D It remains at 12 V.
33 The diagram shows an electric circuit.
20 Ω 0.40 A
10 Ω
What is the potential difference (p.d.) across the LDR?
A 4.0 V B 8.0 V C 25 V D 50 V
34 A circuit-breaker is designed to protect a circuit which usually carries a current of 2 A.
The time taken to break the circuit depends on the current, as shown in the graph.
0.16
time taken
0.14
to break the
circuit / s 0.12
0.10
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
current / A
What happens when the current in the circuit is 2 A and what happens when the current is 18 A?
when the current is 2 A when the current is 18 A
A the circuit breaks in less than 0.01 s the circuit breaks in less than 0.01 s
B the circuit breaks in less than 0.01 s the circuit does not break
C the circuit does not break the circuit breaks in less than 0.01 s
D the circuit does not break the circuit does not break
35 What is the purpose of a relay?
A to change a large voltage into a small voltage

B to change a small voltage into a large voltage
C to use a large current to switch on a small current
D to use a small current to switch on a large current
36 A coil of four loops of wire is placed in a magnetic field. When there is a current, the coil
experiences a turning effect.
Some extra loops of wire are wound on the coil but the current is unchanged.
How does this affect the turning effect?
A It is unchanged.
B Its direction changes.
C It decreases.
D It increases.
26 From which materials are the coil and the core of an electromagnet made?
coil core
A copper soft iron

B copper steel
C soft iron copper
D steel soft iron
27 In which way are a bar magnet and an electromagnet similar?
A A bar magnet and an electromagnet are always magnetised when stored.

B A bar magnet and an electromagnet can both be used to separate magnetic and
non-magnetic materials.
C A bar magnet can be made of steel and an electromagnet uses a steel core.
D The magnetic field strength of a bar magnet and of an electromagnet can both be varied.
28 Which material is a conductor of electricity?
A brass
B glass
C plastic
D wood
29 The diagram shows a circuit containing two resistors of resistance 1.0 Ω and 2.0 Ω.
A voltmeter is connected across the 1.0 Ω resistor by connecting P to X.
The reading on the voltmeter is 6.0 V.
1.0 Ω X 2.0 Ω Y
P
V
P is moved to point Y in the circuit.
What is the new reading on the voltmeter?
A 3.0 V B 6.0 V C 12 V D 18 V
30 The circuit diagram shows a simple circuit with a battery of electromotive force (e.m.f.) 6.0 V and
two bulbs each of resistance 2.0 Ω.
ammeter 1 A A ammeter 2
Which row gives the readings on the ammeters?
reading on reading on
ammeter 1 / A ammeter 2 / A
A 1.5 0
B 1.5 1.5
C 3.0 0
D 3.0 1.5
31 The diagram shows three identical heating elements connected to a power supply.
switch 1
switch 2
switch 3
power
supply
Which arrangement of switches causes most power to be used?
switch 1 switch 2 switch 3
A closed closed closed

B closed open closed
C closed open open
D open closed closed
33 The diagram shows a circuit used to make a light detector.
X Y
One component is connected between X and Y.
Which component causes the ammeter reading to increase when the light gets brighter?
A B C D
34 A circuit-breaker is designed to protect a circuit which usually carries a current of 2 A.
The time taken to break the circuit depends on the current, as shown in the graph.
0.16
time taken
0.14
to break the
circuit / s 0.12
0.10
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
current / A
What happens when the current in the circuit is 2 A and what happens when the current is 18 A?
when the current is 2 A when the current is 18 A
A the circuit breaks in less than 0.01 s the circuit breaks in less than 0.01 s
B the circuit breaks in less than 0.01 s the circuit does not break
C the circuit does not break the circuit breaks in less than 0.01 s
D the circuit does not break the circuit does not break
35 A wire moves in the direction shown between the poles of a magnet.
wire
N S
movement
of wire
Which change increases the magnitude of the induced electromotive force (e.m.f.) across the
ends of the wire?
A increasing the gap between the poles of the magnet

B moving the wire faster
C using a shorter wire

D using a thinner wire
36 What is the purpose of a relay?
A to change a large voltage into a small voltage

B to change a small voltage into a large voltage
C to use a large current to switch on a small current
D to use a small current to switch on a large current

36 There is an electric current in a straight wire in the direction into the page. This produces a
magnetic field around the wire. All the field lines are circles but only one field line is shown.
magnetic field line
wire with current

into the page
Which row describes the magnetic field?
direction of spacing of
the field lines the field lines
A anti-clockwise evenly spaced over

the whole field
B anti-clockwise more widely spaced
further from the wire
C clockwise evenly spaced over
the whole field
D clockwise more widely spaced
further from the wire
37 A wire carrying a current is placed in a magnetic field. The wire experiences a force due to the
field.
Which action does not change the direction of the force?
A increasing the current and reversing the field direction
B increasing the current, keeping the field direction constant
C reversing the current and increasing the field strength

D reversing the current, keeping the field direction constant
34 The diagram shows a circuit with a fixed resistor connected in series with a thermistor and an
ammeter.
Which row shows how temperature change affects the resistance of the thermistor and the
current in the circuit?
resistance of
temperature current in circuit
thermistor
A decreases decreases increases

B decreases increases decreases
C increases decreases decreases
D increases increases increases
35 An appliance is connected to a mains supply. Its circuit also contains a switch and a fuse.
Which circuit shows the fuse in the correct position?
A B
appliance appliance
live live
neutral neutral
C D
appliance appliance
live live
neutral neutral
33 The diagram shows a potential divider circuit.
Z
slider
V
How does the movement of the slider affect the voltmeter reading?
movement voltmeter
of slider reading
A Z to X falls to zero
B Z to X increases
C Z to Y falls to zero
D Z to Y increases
30 Which equation is used to calculate resistance?
A resistance = p.d. + current

B resistance = p.d. – current
C resistance = p.d. × current
D resistance = p.d. ÷ current
31 A student connects a circuit with a power supply, a lamp and an ammeter.
Where must the ammeter be connected?
A in parallel with the lamp to measure current in the lamp
B in parallel with the lamp to measure potential difference across the lamp
C in series with the lamp to measure current in the lamp
D in series with the lamp to measure potential difference across the lamp
32 Two 3.0 Ω resistors are connected in parallel.
Which statement about their combined resistance is correct?
A The combined resistance is less than 3.0 Ω.
B The combined resistance is 3.0 Ω.
C The combined resistance is more than 3.0 Ω but less than 6.0 Ω.
D The combined resistance is 6.0 Ω.

28 The north pole of a bar magnet is placed in turn next to each end of a rod X. One end of the rod
moves away from the north pole but the other end moves towards the north pole.
The experiment is repeated with the bar magnet and a different rod Y but this time both ends of
the rod move towards the north pole.
From which materials could the rods X and Y be made?
rod X rod Y
A soft iron copper

B soft iron soft iron
C steel copper
D steel soft iron
29 A student investigates the electrostatic charges on three objects P, Q and R.
The student places object P on the insulated pan of a balance and notes the reading on the
balance.
The student then holds object Q a small distance above object P and notes the reading on the
balance.
Finally, the student holds object R the small distance above object P and notes the reading on
the balance.
The student’s observations are shown.
object Q object R
object P
86.5 g 131.7 g 78.2 g
Which row gives possible charges that explain these observations?
charge on P charge on Q charge on R
A negative positive negative

B negative negative negative
C positive positive negative
D positive negative positive
27 A train of steel nails and a train of iron nails hang from a strong magnet.
magnet
train of train of
steel nails iron nails
The trains are then carefully removed from the magnet.
What happens to the trains?
A Both trains fall apart.
B Both trains stay together.
C Only the train of iron nails falls apart.

D Only the train of steel nails falls apart.
37 Diagram 1 shows a wire carrying an electric current. The wire is between the poles of a magnet.
The current and the magnetic field produce a force on the wire which is upwards, as shown.
force
current
N S S N
current
diagram 1 diagram 2
The magnetic poles and the current are now both reversed, as in diagram 2.
In which direction is the force on the wire in diagram 2?
A downwards
B towards the North pole of the magnet
C towards the South pole of the magnet

D upwards
36 The diagram shows a bar magnet and a coil of wire. The bar magnet is moved at the same speed
in each experiment.
In which situation is the largest electromotive force (e.m.f.) induced?
A B
moves right stationary moves left stationary
bar magnet coil bar magnet coil
C D
moves left at same moves left at same
moves right speed as bar magnet moves left speed as bar magnet
bar magnet coil bar magnet coil
30 Which circuit can be used to determine the resistance of resistor R?
A B C D
V V A A V
R R R
V
R
A A
31 A wire has a resistance R.
A second wire made from the same metal has double the length and has double the diameter of
the first wire.
What is the resistance of the second wire?
A R B R C 4R D 8R
2
29 Two circuits are set up as shown. The iron rods are placed close together and are able to move.
iron rod X iron rod
What happens to the size of the gap at X when switch S is closed?
A It decreases.
B It decreases then increases.
C It increases.
D It does not change.
28 The diagram shows an electromagnet.
Which material is part X made from?
A copper
B iron
C steel
D tin
30 The diagram shows a circuit symbol for a component that can be used as an input transducer.
Which graph shows how the resistance of the component varies with its intended input variable?
A B
resistance resistance
0 0
0 temperature 0 temperature
C D
resistance resistance
0 0
0 light intensity 0 light intensity
31 Which statement is not correct for two identical lamps connected in parallel?
A The potential difference across each lamp is half the supply voltage.
B The remaining lamp still operates when one lamp is removed.
C They can be switched on and off separately.

D They remain bright if another lamp is connected in parallel.
32 Only one of the ammeters in the circuit is showing an incorrect reading.
Which ammeter is showing the incorrect reading?
ammeter A:
reading = 0.30 A
A
A
ammeter B:
reading = 0.10 A ammeter D:
A
reading = 0.20 A
A
ammeter C:
reading = 0.25 A
27 A permanent magnet is placed close to a bar of soft iron.
permanent
S N P Q soft iron bar
magnet
What are the polarities of end P and of end Q?
end P end Q
A N N
B N S
C S N
D S S
28 Which metal is used for the core of an electromagnet?
A copper
B iron
C magnesium
D steel
29 The diagram shows a cell connected to three resistors R 1, R2 and R3 .
position 1 position 4
R1 R2
position 2 position 3
R3
A student connects an ammeter first in position 1, then in position 2, 3 and 4 in turn.
In which positions does the ammeter show the current in R1 ?
A 1, 2 and 4 B 1 and 2 only C 3 only D 4 only
30 A plastic rod is rubbed with a cloth. The rod becomes positively charged.
What happens to the plastic rod and what is the charge on the cloth?
plastic rod charge on cloth
A gains electrons negative

B gains electrons positive
C loses electrons negative
D loses electrons positive
31 A student measures the potential difference across a device and the current in the device.
Which calculation gives the resistance of the device?
A current + potential difference
B current ÷ potential difference
C potential difference ÷ current
D potential difference × current

32 The diagram shows three identical resistors, three ammeters and a battery, connected in a
circuit.
ammeter 1 A ammeter 2
A
A
ammeter 3
What is the order of the magnitudes of the readings on the ammeters from smallest to largest?
smallest intermediate largest
A ammeter 1 ammeter 2 ammeter 3

B ammeter 1 ammeter 3 ammeter 2
C ammeter 2 ammeter 3 ammeter 1
D ammeter 3 ammeter 2 ammeter 1
33 A student sets up this circuit.
What is the purpose of the circuit?
A to allow a lamp to be made dimmer or brighter as required
B to amplify the sound of a voice

C to light a lamp in the dark
D to sound a bell when the temperature rises
34 The diagram shows two voltmeters P and Q connected to a potential divider.
V voltmeter P
X
V voltmeter Q
The sliding connection at point X is moved towards the top of the diagram.
What happens to the reading on P and to the reading on Q?
reading on P reading on Q
35 Which statement about electromagnetic induction is correct?
A A strong magnet that is held stationary near a stationary conductor causes a greater effect
than a weak magnet.
B The effect occurs when a magnet and a conductor are both moved with the same speed and
in the same direction.
C The effect occurs when a magnet is moved away from a nearby conductor.
D The effect only occurs when a magnet is moved towards a conductor.
36 An electrical device changes the voltage of an electrical supply from 240 V a.c. to 20 V a.c.
What is this device?
A a generator
B a relay
C a transformer
D a voltmeter
34 A simple electric generator induces an electromotive force (e.m.f.).
Which modification would increase the induced e.m.f.?
A Increase the number of turns in the coil of the generator.

B Increase the distance between the magnetic poles.
C Reduce the strength of the magnetic field around the coil.
D Reverse the direction of the magnetic field.
35 A transformer has Np turns in the primary coil and Ns turns in the secondary coil.
Which row gives the values of Np and Ns for a transformer that steps up a voltage of 1200 V to
36 000 V?
Np Ns
A 2 000 60 000
B 2 000 600 000
C 60 000 2 000
D 600 000 2 000
36 A straight wire is perpendicular to the paper. It carries a current into the paper.
What is the magnetic field pattern and its direction near the wire?
A B C D
key
wire with current into the page
27 The diagrams show three ammeters.
1 2 3
2.0 3.0 4.0 6.0
0
0
4.
8.
2.
1.
4.50 A
0
10.0
0.0
0.0
5.0
A A
Which ammeters show the same value of current?
A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only
28 A student measures the potential difference across a device and the current in the device.
Which calculation gives the resistance of the device?
A current + potential difference
B current ÷ potential difference
C potential difference ÷ current
D potential difference × current
29 A lamp is connected across one cell, then across two cells. The potential difference (p.d.) across
the lamp and the current in it are measured in each case.
The results are shown.
number
p.d. / V current / A
of cells
1 2.8 0.25
2 5.4 0.40
What is the change in the resistance of the lamp when the number of cells is increased from one
to two?
A It decreases by 0.015 Ω.
B It increases by 1.5 Ω.
C It increases by 2.3 Ω.
D It increases by 17 Ω.
27 The diagrams show two readings on the same ammeter. Reading 1 is taken before the ammeter
is connected in a circuit. Reading 2 shows the reading when the ammeter is connected in a
circuit.
1 2 1 2
0 3 0 3
A A
reading 1 reading 2
not connected in a circuit connected in a circuit
What is the current in the circuit?
A 0.80 A B 0.90 A C 0.95 A D 1.20 A
26 The diagram shows a bar magnet and four plotting compasses.
Which compass shows the direction of the magnetic field due to the magnet?
D S N B
27 Iron is used for the core of a transformer and steel is used to make a bar magnet.
Which statement explains these uses of iron and of steel?
A Iron is a magnetic material and steel is a non-magnetic material.

B Iron is a permanent magnetic material and steel is a temporary magnetic material.
C Iron is a temporary magnetic material and steel is a permanent magnetic material.
D Iron is a non-magnetic material and steel is a magnetic material.
28 A negatively charged plastic rod P is placed above a positively charged plastic rod Q.
P
– – – – –
Q
+ + + + +
What are the directions of the electrostatic forces on rod P and on rod Q?
electrostatic force electrostatic force

on rod P on rod Q
A downwards downwards
B downwards upwards
C upwards downwards
D upwards upwards
29 The diagrams show the scales of three ammeters.
2 3 2 3 4 6
1 4 1 4 2 8
10
0
0
A A A
ammeter 1 ammeter 2 ammeter 3
Which ammeters show the same current reading?
A all three ammeters

B ammeter 1 and ammeter 2 only
C ammeter 1 and ammeter 3 only
D ammeter 2 and ammeter 3 only
30 The resistance of a component in a circuit is found using an ammeter and a voltmeter.
How are the ammeter and the voltmeter connected?
A the voltmeter and ammeter in parallel with the component

B the voltmeter and ammeter in series with the component
C the voltmeter in parallel with the component and the ammeter in series with the component
D the voltmeter in series with the component and the ammeter in parallel with the component
31 The diagram shows a circuit with a power supply and four components.
+ –
What is component N?
A fixed resistor
B fuse
C thermistor
D variable resistor
32 Two lamps are connected in parallel.
S1 S2
S3
Which switches must be closed so that both lamps light?
A S1 and S2 only
B S1 and S3 only
C S2 and S3 only
D S1 , S2 and S 3
33 The circuit diagram shows a variable potential divider.
P Q
slider
The slider is moved from P towards Q.
What happens to the reading on the voltmeter and to the brightness of the lamp?
reading on brightness
voltmeter of lamp
34 Either a fuse or a circuit-breaker can be used to protect electrical cables from large currents that
could cause overheating.
X cable
live
electrical Y appliance
supply
neutral
cable
When a fuse is used, where should it be connected, and when a circuit-breaker is used, where
should it be connected?
position position of
of fuse circuit-breaker
A X X
B X Y
C Y X
D Y Y
35 Which electrical device uses the turning effect produced by a current-carrying coil in a magnetic
field?
A a.c. generator
B d.c. motor
C relay
D transformer
36 A wire is placed in a strong magnetic field. When a current is passed through the wire it moves
upwards, as shown.
movement
N
The current is reversed.
In which direction does the wire move?
A downwards
B towards the north pole
C towards the south pole
D upwards
26 An iron bar PQ is placed close to a bar magnet.
In which diagram does end P become an induced north pole?
A B C D
S P N P S P
N Q S Q N Q
P S
Q N
27 The diagram shows a bar magnet at rest on a smooth horizontal surface. A length of soft-iron
wire is held parallel to the magnet.
soft-iron wire
magnet
S
The wire is released.
What happens?
A The wire moves away from the magnet.

B The wire moves towards the magnet.
C The wire’s centre stays in its present position and the wire rotates through 90° in a clockwise
direction.
D The wire’s centre stays in its present position and the wire rotates through 90° in an
anticlockwise direction.
28 A negatively charged plastic rod P is placed above a positively charged plastic rod Q.
P
– – – – –
Q
+ + + + +
What are the directions of the electrostatic forces on rod P and on rod Q?
electrostatic force electrostatic force

on rod P on rod Q
A downwards downwards
B downwards upwards
C upwards downwards
D upwards upwards
29 The diagrams show the readings on an ammeter in a series circuit before and after the switch in
the circuit has been closed.
switch open switch closed
2 3 2 3
1 4 1 4
0
A A 5
What is the current in the circuit when the switch is closed?
A 3.2 A B 3.4 A C 3.6 A D 3.8 A
30 A student investigates the resistance of a lamp.
Which row states how the meters must be connected?
ammeter voltmeter
A in parallel with the lamp in parallel with the lamp

B in parallel with the lamp in series with the lamp
C in series with the lamp in parallel with the lamp
D in series with the lamp in series with the lamp
31 A lamp is connected into a circuit so that the potential difference across it can be varied from 0 to
12 V.
Which circuit is suitable?
A B C D
12 V 12 V 12 V 12 V
32 The diagram shows a circuit.
Which statement describes and explains how the circuit behaves?
A The ammeter reading decreases when the light intensity decreases.

B The ammeter reading decreases when the temperature decreases.
C The ammeter reading increases when the light intensity decreases.
D The ammeter reading increases when the temperature decreases.
33 Which component uses a small direct current (d.c.) in one circuit to switch on a much larger
current in a second circuit?
A potential divider
B relay
C transformer
D variable resistor
34 Either a fuse or a circuit-breaker can be used to protect electrical cables from large currents that
could cause overheating.
X cable
live
electrical Y appliance
supply
neutral
cable
When a fuse is used, where should it be connected, and when a circuit-breaker is used, where
should it be connected?
position position of
of fuse circuit-breaker
A X X
B X Y
C Y X
D Y Y
35 The diagram shows a horizontal wire between the two magnetic poles of a U-shaped magnet.
The U-shaped magnet is on a balance.
When the switch closed, the reading on the balance decreases.
switch switch
open closed
magnetic magnetic
poles poles
125.20 123.49
g g
The experiment is carried out three more times with the following changes made.
1 Only the current is reversed.

2 Only the magnetic field is reversed.
3 Both the current and the magnetic field are reversed at the same time.
Which changes cause an increase in the reading on the balance?
A 1 only B 2 only C 3 only D 1 and 2 only

36 The diagram shows a coil of wire between the poles of a magnet.
20 turns
N S
+ –
power
supply
The coil consists of 20 turns of insulated wire.
The coil is connected to a variable resistor and a power supply.
How can the turning effect on the coil be increased?
A by moving the poles of the magnet closer to the coil

B by reducing the number of turns on the coil while keeping the current constant
C by increasing the resistance of the variable resistor
D by reversing the terminals of the power supply
16 The distance between two electricity pylons is 60 m. An engineer fits a cable of length 62 m
between the pylons.
Why does the engineer choose a cable that is longer than the distance between the two pylons?
A to allow for contraction of the cable in cold weather

B to create a slope in the cable for electrons to flow down
C to keep the current low and the voltage high
D to reduce magnetic fields around the cable

36 Which diagram shows the pattern and direction of the magnetic field due to a current in a straight
wire?
A B
current current
C D
current current
30 Diagram 1 shows a voltmeter that is not connected to anything. It shows a small reading, called a
zero error, because it is not correctly adjusted.
Diagram 2 shows the same meter used to measure the p.d. across a resistor in a circuit.
4 6 4 6
2 8 2 8
10
10
0
0
V V
diagram 1 diagram 2
What is the p.d. across the resistor?
A 4.6 V B 4.7 V C 5.2 V D 5.4 V
31 The diagram shows a potential divider used to control the brightness of a lamp.
What happens as the slider on the potential divider is moved to the right?
A The potential difference across the lamp decreases and the lamp gets brighter.
B The potential difference across the lamp decreases and the lamp gets dimmer.
C The potential difference across the lamp increases and the lamp gets brighter.
D The potential difference across the lamp increases and the lamp gets dimmer.
27 The diagram shows part of a circuit which contains an ammeter, a voltmeter and a resistor R. The
ammeter and the voltmeter are in the correct positions to determine the resistance of R.
meter P
R
meter Q
Which expression gives the value of R?
A reading of meter P ÷ reading of meter Q
B (reading of meter P)2 × reading of meter Q
C reading of meter Q × reading of meter P
D reading of meter Q ÷ reading of meter P
26 Which diagram shows the pattern and the direction of the magnetic field lines around a bar
magnet?
A B
N S N S
C D
N S N S
27 A student has a bar magnet. He brings the magnet close to an object. The magnet and the object
repel each other.
What must the object be?
A another permanent magnet

B any magnetic material
C a block of wood
D a piece of copper
28 Two soft-iron rods are placed end-to-end inside a coil. The coil is connected to a battery.
coil
soft-iron rod soft-iron rod
The connections from the battery to the coil are now reversed.
What happens to the soft-iron rods in each case?
battery connections battery connections

as shown reversed
A rods attract rods attract

B rods attract rods repel
C rods repel rods attract
D rods repel rods repel
29 A plastic rod is rubbed with a dry cloth. The rod becomes positively charged.
Why has the rod become positively charged?
A It has gained electrons.

B It has gained neutrons.
C It has lost electrons.
D It has lost neutrons.
30 A teacher asks her class “What quantity can be recorded in volts?”.
Student 1 says “The potential difference across a resistor”.
Student 2 says “The rating of a fuse”.
Student 3 says “The electromotive force of a battery”.
Which students are correct?
A 1 only B 1 and 2 C 1 and 3 D 2 and 3
31 The circuit shows two lamps connected to a d.c. supply.
The same lamps and power supply are arranged in different ways, as shown.
P Q R
In which circuits will the lamps be the same brightness as in the original circuit?
A Q only B P and Q only C P and R only D P, Q and R

X Y Z
A X→ Y→Z
B Y→ X→Z
C Z→X→ Y
D Z→Y→ X
34 Where must a fuse be connected in a mains electric circuit?
A the earth wire only
B the live wire only

C the neutral wire only
D the live wire and the earth wire
35 A student investigates the output voltage induced across a coil of wire by a bar magnet.
When will the induced voltage have the greatest value?
A The student slowly moves the bar magnet into the coil of wire.
B The student leaves the bar magnet stationary in the coil of wire.
C The student quickly removes the bar magnet from the coil of wire.
D The student places the bar magnet at rest outside the coil of wire.
33 A student uses 100 cm of resistance wire XY in a circuit to make a potential divider.
sliding contact
l
V
He changes the length of wire l by moving the sliding contact along the resistance wire.
Which graph shows how the voltmeter reading changes as the length of wire l is increased from
zero to 100 cm?
A B
voltmeter voltmeter
reading / V reading / V
0 0
0 100 0 100
l / cm l / cm
C D
voltmeter voltmeter
reading / V reading / V
0 0
0 100 0 100
l / cm l / cm
36 There is a current in a wire. The direction of the current is out of the page.
Which diagram shows the magnetic field pattern produced?
A B
key
wire carrying a current
out of the page
C D
36 The diagram shows a conductor carrying current in a direction out of the plane of the page.
Which set of arrows represents the direction of the magnetic field due to this current?
A B
key
wire carrying a current
out of the paper
C D
33 The circuit shows a wire WX connected to a cell.
100 cm
W X
The potential difference (p.d.) between W and X is 1.5 V.
A 0.4 V B 0.6 V C 0.9 V D 4.0 V
34 Where must a fuse be connected in a mains electric circuit?
A the earth wire only

B the live wire only
C the neutral wire only

D the live wire and the earth wire
31 A student determines the resistance of an electric lamp.
He measures the current in the lamp and the potential difference (p.d.) across it.
Which circuit did he use?
A B
A V V
C D
V V
A A
X Y Z
A X→ Y→Z
B Y→ X→Z
C Z→X→ Y
D Z→Y→ X
28 Two soft-iron rods are placed end-to-end inside a coil. The coil is connected to a battery.
coil
soft-iron rod soft-iron rod
The connections from the battery to the coil are now reversed.
What happens to the soft-iron rods in each case?
battery connections battery connections

as shown reversed
A rods attract rods attract

B rods attract rods repel
C rods repel rods attract
D rods repel rods repel
29 A plastic rod is rubbed with a dry cloth. The rod becomes positively charged.
Why has the rod become positively charged?
A It has gained electrons.
B It has gained neutrons.

C It has lost electrons.
D It has lost neutrons.
27 A bar magnet is slowly moved towards an unmagnetised metal object X.
bar magnet
S N X
When it is a few centimetres away, the object begins to slide towards the magnet.
Why does this happen?
A X is a non-magnetic material and magnetism is induced in it.

B X is a non-magnetic material and magnetism is not induced in it.
C X is a magnetic material and magnetism is induced in it.
D X is a magnetic material and magnetism is not induced in it.

36 A student uses a balance, a magnet and a power supply to determine the force on a wire in a
magnetic field.
The wire is held between the poles of the magnet.
The student switches on the power supply.
The diagrams show the readings with and without a current in the wire.
power supply power supply

off on
wire wire
N N
S magnet S
108 g 107 g
balance
no current in wire current in wire
The student reverses the current in the wire. The magnitude of the current does not change.
What is the new reading on the balance?
A 106 g B 107 g C 108 g D 109 g
31 Lamps X and Y are designed to operate at normal brightness when each are connected to a 3.0 V
supply.
Lamp Z is designed to operate at normal brightness when connected to a 6.0 V supply.
In which circuit do all three lamps operate at normal brightness?
A B C D
6V 6V 3V 6V
X Y X X
X Y Z
Z Y Y
Z Z
27 The diagram represents a magnetic field. The field increases in strength from left to right.
A small compass is placed at P.
Which way will the compass needle point?
A B C D
N
N N

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25 Two iron nails hang from a bar magnet.

Which diagram shows the magnetic poles induced in the nails?

steel magnet moved

How has the steel changed, if at all, when it reaches position P?

A It has become a stronger magnet.

27 A plastic rod and a dry cloth are uncharged.

charge on particles that

Which wire will cause the greatest reading on the ammeter?

A long and thick

Lamp 1 and lamp 3 are lit, but lamp 2 is not lit.

Which switch or switches is/are closed?

31 The diagram shows part of an electric circuit.

The light falling on the light-dependent resistor (LDR) increases in brightness.

Which circuit shows the fuse in the correct position?

Which device uses a moving wire to induce an e.m.f.?

36 An input voltage of 10 V is supplied to the primary coil of a transformer. An output voltage of 40 V

The 10 V supply at the primary coil is now replaced with a 40 V supply.

What is the new output voltage across the secondary coil?

What is the voltage induced across the secondary coil?

A 3.0 V B 4.0 V C 48 V D 300 V

What is a suitable rating for the fuse in this circuit?

A 3.0 A B 6.0 A C 10.0 A D 13.0 A

A They can be switched on and off separately.

reading on energy stored

What is the charge on balloon X and what is the charge on balloon Y?

29 Which quantities is a voltmeter used to measure?

A current and e.m.f. only

A connecting another resistor in parallel with the one in the circuit

rod 1 rod 2 rod 3

The results are as follows.

End Q: attracts end R,

Which of the metal rods is a magnet?

Which metal is suitable for each of these purposes?

Which circuit should she use?

The switch is open, and the ammeter reads 2.0 A.

What is the ammeter reading with the switch closed?

A 1.2 A B 3.0 A C 4.0 A D 5.0 A

Which is the circuit diagram for the torch?

33 The current in a kettle is 10 A and it is protected by a 13 A fuse.

The owner of the kettle replaces the 13 A fuse with a 3 A fuse.

What happens when the kettle is switched on?

A The fuse blows and the kettle is damaged.

C High voltages increase the current in the cables.

There are 600 turns on the primary coil.

primary coil secondary coil

How many turns are there on the secondary coil?

A 100 B 320 C 400 D 3600

Different fuses are available for the heater.

Which fuse is the most suitable?

Which rod is being inserted?

A a heated copper rod

C an uncharged nylon rod

D a radioactive uranium rod

primary coil core

Which wire has the least resistance?

What is the reading on the voltmeter?

A 2.4 V B 3.6 V C 6.0 V D 9.6 V

Which ammeter shows the largest reading?

metal for metal for

The arrangements are shown in the diagrams.

diagram 1 diagram 2 diagram 3

Which row gives the balance reading in diagram 2 and in diagram 3?