3D Modeling of Girls Hostal QCET Sahiwal

Submitted By:
Syed Ijaz Haider (G.L) 2015-UET-QET-PTK-CIVIL.TECH-18

Muhammad Junaid Asim 2015-UET-QET-PTK-CIVIL.TECH-03

Ahmed sadiq 2015-UET-QET-PTK-CIVIL.TECH-15

Muhammad Adnan 2015-UET-QET-PTK-CIVIL.TECH-22

Shah Jahan 2015-UET-QET-PTK-CIVIL.TECH-01

Submitted To: Engr. M. Nadeem

B.Sc. Civil Engineering Technology

Session (2015-2019)

Quaid-e-Azam College of Engineering & Technology,

Sahiwal
Affiliated with

UET Lahore
3D Modeling of Girls Hostal QCET Sahiwal

Authors
 Syed Ijaz Haider 2015-UET-QET-PTK-CIVIL.TECH-18

Muhammad Junaid Asim 2015-UET-QET-PTK-CIVIL.TECH-03

Ahmed sadiq 2015-UET-QET-PTK-CIVIL.TECH-15

Muhammad Adnan 2015-UET-QET-PTK-CIVIL.TECH-22

Shah Jahan 2015-UET-QET-PTK-CIVIL.TECH-01

A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of

B.Sc. Civil Engineering Technology

Thesis Supervisor:

Engr. M. Nadeem

Lecturer

Civil Engineering Technology Department

External Examiner’s

Signature_________________________________________

Thesis Supervisor’s

Signature_________________________________________

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

QUAID-E-AZAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,

SAHIWAL

Affiliated with

UET Lahore
 Undertaking
We certify that research work titled “3D Modeling of Girls Hostal QCET Sahiwal” is our
work. The work has not been presented elsewhere for assessment. Where software has been
used from other sources it has been properly acknowledged / referred.

Signature of Student 1 Signature of Student 2

Syed Ijaz Haider Muhammad Junaid Asim

2015-UET-QET-PTK-CIVIL.TECH-18 2015-UET-QET-PTK CIVIL.TECH-
03

Signature of Student 3 Signature of Student 4

Ahmed sadiq Muhammad Adnan

2015-UET-QET-PTK-CIVIL.TECH-15 2015-UET-QET-PTK-CIVIL.TECH-22

Signature of Student 5

Shah Jahan

2015-UET-QET-PTK-CIVIL.TECH-01
 ABSTRACT

3D modeling is a digital and graphic representation of buildings. Traditionally the design

problems have been solved by modeling specifications and guided by the experience 3D
modeling designer. General interest in visualizations of digital 3D modeling’s growing
rapidly, and several applications are already available that display such models very
realistically. In order to generate a virtual 3D model different approaches exist which use
miscellaneous input data sources, for example, 2D maps, aerial images. However 3D
modeling which denotes highly complex and architecturally prominent buildings cannot be
reproduced in an adequate manner by automatic reconstruction. Therefore, architectural
offices or 3D design companies usually model these entities manually. In recent years user
interfaces of 3D modeling applications have evolved in such a way that these applications are
widely accepted and easy to use even for non-experts. This study presents the 3D modeling of
a building by using 3Ds Max software. Complete buildings information and a report on the
3D modeling of buildings by using Autocad and 3Ds Max software is presented.
 Chapter 1

Introduction

General

Many users are not familiar with the concepts involved with 3d modeling and in turn are
therefore not aware of the benefits that using them can bring to your workflow. A 3d model
does not contain information about the shape of the model or faces them it defines the
positions of the vertex points which form the corners of the objects and places a skin between
these points. The model file also contains the UV mapping information. UV mapping is the
process of applying a texture to the faces of your object, which in turn generates coordinate
data that tells the software which pixel needs of the graphics to be on which face by using a
relative scale of 0 to 1 for the coordinates.

Any construction project needs a building model or structure according to Design which is
succeeded by the AutoCAD and 3D max software. This project involves the complete
information of 3D modeling. Different software are used to draft buildings in an accurate
manner according to the building specifications by an architect or building designer. Some
widely known examples include AutoCAD and 3D Max. [1]

Objectives of the Project

 The objectives of the project are mentioned below

 To understand the basic concepts of 3-D modeling and drafting
 Draft the Layout of the proposed building using AutoCAD
 To prepare 3-D model of whole building using 3-d Max
 Different features of buildings will be shown using 3D max [2]

Role of AutoCAD

AutoCAD is a commercial software application for 2D and 3D computer aided design and
drafting for various fields in engineering like civil, mechanical, electrical, automation,
architecture etc. [3] It was first launched in 1982 by Autodesk. AutoCAD can be used in
almost any civil engineering field for detailing, and it is the best for detailing structural
drawings. [4] Further, it can be used to design and detail civil works of any kind. AutoCAD
has been used extensively for drafting and modeling for the structure. Also the various
detailing for the foundation has also been completed using AutoCAD.[5] Use of AutoCAD
has drastically reduced the drafting time when done manually thus saving time which can be
used in other productive work.[6]

Role of 3D max

Autodesk 3D Max is a professional 3D modeling and rendering software developed and

produced by Autodesk and mainly used for rendering 3D animation, models and imagery. It
is a part of Autodesk’s architecture, engineering, and construction collection, and one of the
tools in product design and manufacturing collection. The software is also very useful for
building detailing, infrastructure, and construction, as well as, for product development and
manufacturing planning. Also 3D max helps users to produce detailed characters, and
customize building environments. It was first launched in 1996 by Autodesk. It is used for
various fields in engineering like civil, mechanical, electrical, automation, architecture etc.
Earlier it was known as 3D Studio and was developed by the Yost Group of Atari in the year
1988. This software offers various functionality which is ease of use and supports faster
image and animation.[7]

There are many tools available for creating building models for virtual 3D environments.
Each has a different approach to modeling and there are several ways of creating the models
themselves within these programs but 3D max is best software for 3d modeling because it has
large range of features and lightening effects as compared to all other available software
(Sketch up, Rivit, Maya, Vary, Cinema4d).[8] The list of features used in 3D max is as
follows.

 3D animation and dynamics

 General animation tools
 Character animation and rigging tools
 Motion path
 Particle flow effect
 3d max fluid
 Max creation graph controllers
 Simple simulation data import
 Geodesic voxel and heat map skinning
 3d rendering
 Improved active shade rendering
 Arnold for 3d max
 Chapter 2

Literature Review

AutoCAD

AutoCAD is a commercial software application for 2D and 3D computer aided design and
drafting for various fields in engineering like civil, mechanical, electrical, automation,
architecture etc. It was first launched in 1982 by Autodesk. Computer- aided design (CAD) is
the technology concerned with the use of computer systems to assist in the creation,
modification, analysis and optimization of design. Thus any computer program facilitating
engineering functions in the design process is classified as CAD software.[9] In other words,
CAD tools can vary from geometric tools for manipulating shapes at one extreme, to
customized application programs, such as those for analysis and optimization, at the other
extreme. AutoCAD Architecture allows designers to draw 3D objects such as walls, doors
and windows, with more intelligent data associated with them rather than simple objects. The
data can be programmed to represent products sold in the building industry, or it can be
extracted into a file for pricing material estimation. AutoCAD or Computer Aided Design is a
very helpful tool in drafting and designing any structure. AutoCAD uses a Graphical User
Interface for the purpose of drafting and designing any structure. The software has various
inbuilt tools for complex drafting. [10]Also AutoCAD can be used for 2D and 3D design and
also for perspective design. With the help of AutoCAD all the drafting for the project has
been done. It has made the life of a drafter quite easy than the conventional drafter using
paper and pencil. It has made possible to make easy changes in the drawing as and when
required. Also various commands such as COPY, OFFSET, ROTATE, MOVE have made the
tedious process of redundant work quite easy and faster.

CAD has revolutionized the function of computer technology in terms of processing design,
documentation and implementation. In the case of CAD, there were a number of people and
institutions working on the idea of computer graphics for design. CAD has long been
integrated in most of our societal affairs. It is mostly applied in automotive, architecture and
other important social and mechanical industries.[11] Also one of the important features of
AutoCAD is the import and export feature which allows users to move their plans drawn
using auto cad to other design software’s such as STAAD Pro and ETABS with the help of
DXF file format which has in turn reduced load on the designer. Also structural designs made
on STAAD and ETABS are also exportable to AutoCAD for minute detailing required. One
of the earliest works in feature recognition is by Woo [1984]. He proposed a technique
known as Alternating Sum of Volumes (ASV), expressions for extracting features from the
boundary representation of 2-D or 3-D parts.[12]

Autodesk 3ds Max is a professional 3D modelling and rendering software developed and
produced by Autodesk and mainly used for rendering 3D animation, models and imagery. It
came in the year 2009. Earlier it was known as 3D Studio and was developed by the Yost
Group of Atari in the year 1988. This software offers plenteous functionality which is ease of
use and supports faster image and animation rendition. Nowadays many institutes provide
3ds Max classes, but CAD Training Institute is one of the eminent 3ds Max institute, which
has the best curriculum designed for architects, interior designers, industrial designers and
students seeking to acquire 3D computer visualization skills.

3d Max

3d Max is a 3D modeling, animation, and rendering software built and developed for 3d
modeling and design visualization. The program is included in the collection of media and
entertainment software products offered by Autodesk. It is also a part of Autodesk’s
architecture, engineering, and construction collection, and one of the tools in product design
and manufacturing collection. The software is also very useful for building design,
infrastructure, and construction, as well as, for product development and manufacturing
planning. It helps users to produce detailed characters, and customize building environments.
They will be able to animate individual characters and make scenes that contain many people.
In addition, 3ds Max has animation controllers that users can create, modify, and share. The
software also has 3D rendering features such as the capability to simulate real-life camera
settings. Additionally, it offers an asset library which enables users to easily search for 3D
content. 3ds Max also provides features for 3D modeling, texturing, and effects.

Greatest Features of 3D Max

There are several unique features which make it stand apart from other modeling tools.
Autodesk 3ds Max is principally, but not exclusively based on polygon modeling. This type
of modeling is used broadly in game design because of its highly explicit control over
individual polygons that make up the model. The polygon modeling feature also allows for
greater model optimization. The latest 3ds Max versions have a simplified mesh editing
interface and using the ‘edit poly’ modifier which moves the tools available in the primitive
model, advanced in the modifier stack, also allow the users to be used on top of other
modifications. This software comes with numerous unique primeval shapes such as teapots,
cones, pyramids, and cubes are available which can be used as a base for model development.
With the help of this tool, manipulation of vertex clouds into the desired shape without
distortions from unwanted shapes can be possible and can display smooth surfaces with its
soft selection tool. By using the sculpting brush feature designers can draw smooth surfaces
by hand, if polygons give a distorted image, although functionality is limited. One of the most
significant features – NURBs feature of Autodesk 3ds permits smooth surface rendition by
use of mathematical formulae. It is of great use and most inaccurate simulation of mechanical
parts. It is commonly used in various applications like automobile and instrument design.
This rendering tool also lets designers and architects use custom lighting and shadows along
with highlights can also be ‘burned’ into the image rendered. These settings are mostly used
for game imagery.[13]

Autodesk 3d Studio Max comprises of simulation which supports generating character

models with the help of hair, skin, cloth, and fur. These inbuilt features reduce the time
required for model development and improve the detail for each frame. It is used to
accomplish simulation for hard bodies such as wood or bricks. It follows rigid body
dynamics. It can recreate the dynamics of shattering rigid objects with its feature shatter
effect. Nevertheless, soft body dynamics is also used for the motion simulation of deformable
objects.

Benefits

3ds Max offers users various ways to create animations. It also provides robust tools that help
them manage and edit their animations. They will be able to create 3D computer animations
and effects that they can apply to computer games, films and broadcasts, medical
illustrations, or forensic presentations.[14] The software has multiple animation controllers.
These are used to store animation key values and procedural animation settings, handling
everything that users animate through the software. Also, as they animate characters,
mechanical assemblies, or complex motions, 3ds Max enables them to link objects together.
As a result, they will be able to form hierarchies or chains. With these hierarchies, they can
animate sets of objects at once, simplifying the animation process. In addition, 3ds Max
provides 3D rendering features and one of them is the capability to preview the rendering. By
activating the Active Shade Mode within the software, users will be able to see the effects
when they change the lighting and materials in a scene. As they adjust the lighting and
materials of their scene, a window will display the changes and interactively update the
rendering. 3ds Max also has a workflow feature which allows users to convert scenes so the
lights, materials, and objects within them can be changed to those ones used by the most
advanced rendering technologies.[15]  Because of this, they will be able to apply numerous
renderer features such as new physical materials and environments, and accurate settings. In
addition, they will be able to convert lights, materials, and objects between render engines
with flexibility, providing them with the option to convert only the ones they need. Summing
up, 3ds Max has a dialog tool called Material Editor that allows users to create and edit
materials and maps in their scenes. They will be able to apply creative textures, as well as,
simulate refractions, reflections, and other effects as they assign materials to object.
 Chapter 3

Methodology
Introduction

AutoCAD or Computer Aided Design is a very helpful tool in drafting and designing any
structure. AutoCAD uses a Graphical User Interface for the purpose of drafting and designing
any structure. The software has various inbuilt tools for complex drafting. Also AutoCAD
can be used for 2D and 3D design and also for perspective design.

With the help of AutoCAD all the drafting for the project has been done. It has made the life
of a drafter quite easy than the conventional drafter using paper and pencil. It has made
possible to make easy changes in the drawing as and when required. Also various commands
such as COPY, OFFSET, ROTATE, MOVE have made the tedious process of redundant
work quite easy and faster

While working on auto cad one should be familiar to these commands.

Working commands

 UN UNITS / Controls coordinate and angle display formats and precision

 A ARC / Creates an arc
 H HATCH / Fills an enclosed area or selected objects with a hatch pattern, solid
fill, or gradient fill
 C CIRCLE / Creates a circle
 CO COPY / Copies objects a specified distance in a specified direction
 D DIMSTYLE / Creates and modifies dimension styles
 DI DIST / Measures the distance and angle between two points
 T TEXT / Creates a single-line text object
 E ERASE / Removes objects from a drawing
 EX EXTEND / Extends objects to meet the edges of other objects
 EXT EXTRUDE / extends the dimensions of a 2D object or 3D face into 3D space
 F FILLET / Rounds and fillets the edges of objects
 G GROUP / Creates and manages saved sets of objects called groups
 J JOIN / Joins similar objects to form a single, unbroken object
 L LINE / Creates straight line segments
 O OFFSET / Creates concentric circles, parallel lines, and parallel curves
 LA LAYER / Manages layers and layer properties
 M MOVE / Moves objects a specified distance in a specified direction
 MI MIRROR / Creates a mirrored copy of selected objects
 ML MLINE / Creates multiple parallel lines
 OP OPTIONS / customizes the program settings
 OS OSNAP / Sets running object snap modes
 P PAN / Adds a parameter with grips to a dynamic block definition
 PL PLINE / Creates a 2D polyline
 RO ROTATE / Rotates objects around a base point
 X EXPLODE / Breaks a compound object into its component objects.
 TR TRIM / Trims objects to meet the edges of other objects

Manage Workflow

 Ctrl+A Select all objects

 Ctrl+C Copy object
 Ctrl+X Cut object
 Ctrl+V Paste object
 Ctrl+Z Undo last action
 Ctrl+Y Redo last action
 ESC Cancel current command

Manage Drawings

 Ctrl+N New Drawing

 Ctrl+S Save drawing
 Ctrl+O Open drawing
 Ctrl+Shift+S Save drawing as
STEP NO: 01

Draw the 2D Plan (shown below) on AutoCAD?

STEP NO: 02

HOW TO OPEN AUTOCAD SOFTWARE

Double click > auto cad shortcut > open.

STEP NO: 03

TO SPECIFY THE DRAWING UNITS

(Unit) UN > select the unit >ok

STEP NO: 04

DIMENSION STYLE MANAGER

D > modify > primary units > select unit > alternate unit select unit >ok > set current.
STEP NO: 05

OPTIONS

Op > display > change cross hair size > selection > change the pick box size >ok.

STEP NO: 06

SELECT “ORTHO MODE”

Choose the toggle ortho mode from the bottom bar OR Press F8.

STEP NO: 07

THE LINE COMMAND

Use the LINE command to construct a line from one endpoint to the other. Choose this
command from one of the following:

o From the Draw Toolbar

o From the Pull-Down menu (Draw > Line)
o From the keyboard (L or line)

As the first point of the line is marked, the rubber-band cursor is displayed along with the
normal crosshairs to assist in locating where the next line segment will be drawn. The LINE
command stays active until the user either executes the Close option or issues a null response
by pressing ENTER at the prompt “To point”.

STEP NO: 08

OFFSETTING OBJECTS

The OFFSET command is commonly used for creating a copy of one object that is parallel to
another. Choose this command from one of the following:

o The Modify Toolbar

o The pull-down menu (Modify > Offset)
o The keyboard (O or OFFSET)
STEP NO: 09

TRIMMING OBJECTS

Use the TRIM command to partially delete an object or a group of objects based on a cutting
edge. Choose this command from one of the following:

o The Modify Toolbar

o The pull-down menu (Modify > Trim)
o The keyboard (TR or TRIM)

STEP NO: 10

EXTENDING OBJECT
The EXTEND command is used to extend objects to a specified boundary edge. Choose this
command from one of the following:

o The Modify toolbar

o The pull-down menu (Modify > Extend)
o The keyboard (EX or EXTEND)

STEP NO: 11

SELECTING OBJECT

There are two ways to select object/objects:

o Left click of mouse – Drag – left to rightward: Then in result only full object/s would
be selected.
o Left click of mouse – Drag – Right to left: Then in result all the object/s would be
selected, whether they are fully in the selection area or not.
STEP NO: 12

MOVING OBJECTS

The MOVE command repositions an object or group of objects at a new location. Choose this
command from one of the following:

o The Modify toolbar

o The pull-down menu (Modify > move)
o The keyboard (M or MOVE)
o Right-click after selecting object
STEP NO: 13

COPYING OBJECTS

The COPY command is used to duplicate an object or group of objects. Choose this
command from one of the following:

o The Modify toolbar

o The pull-down menu (Modify > Copy)
o The keyboard (CP or CO or COPY)
o Right-click mouse after selecting object
STEP NO: 14

ROTATING OBJECT

The ROTATE command changes the orientation of an object or group of objects by

identifying a base point and a rotation angle that completes the new orientation. Choose this
command from one of the following:

o The Modify toolbar

o The pull-down menu (Modify > Rotate)
o The keyboard (RO or ROTATE)
o Right-click after selecting object
STEP NO: 15

CREATING FILLETS

FILLETING AS A CORNERING TOOL

A very productive feature of the FILLET command is its use as a cornering tool. To
accomplish this, set the fillet radius to a value of 0. This produces a corner out of two non-
intersecting objects.

Creating Corner using Fillet Command, follow the steps as mentioned below:

o Type F (For Fillet)

o Select First object or [undo/Polyline/radius/trim/Multiple]: R (For Radius)
o Enter fillet radius <3”>: 0
o Select first object or [undo/Polyline/radius/trim/Multiple]: (select line “A”)
o Select second object or shift-select to apply corner: (select line “B”)
STEP NO: 16

BREAKING OBJECT

The following command is used to partially delete a segment of an object. Choose this
command from one of the following:

o The Modify toolbar

o The pull-down menu (Modify > Break)
o The keyboard (BR or BREAK)
o How to apply this command?
o Command: BR (For Break)
o Select objects: (select the line at “A”)
o Specify second break point or [First point]: (Pick the line at “B”)
STEP NO: 17

MIRROR COMMAND

o Type “mi” and press ENTER

o Select object and press ENTER
o Specify the point (from where to start)
o Click at the point (where to paste)
o Then type “N” and press ENTER
STEP NO: 18

o Using LINE command (For Window)

o Taking OFFSET of 3″ (And complete the window

STEP NO: 19

HOW TO LOCATE THE MID-POINT OF THE LINE DIRECTLY?

Drafting Settings:

o Tools / Drafting Settings

o Click “Object Snap” TAB
o Click “Select all” and press OK button
STEP NO: 20

TEXT STYLE

o Format / Text style or Type “ST” in CA and press ENTER

o A dialog box will appear
o Click NEW Tab
o Categories the text style (like Headings etc.)
o Select the font style

STEP NO: 21

TEXT WRITING
 o Draw / Text / *Single Line Text *Multiple Line Text
o Or Type “DT” in CA and press ENTER

STEP NO: 22

TEXT EDITING

o Type “ED” in CA and press ENTER

o Select text and re-edit it

STEP NO: 23
HATCH COMMAND

o Type “H” and press ENTER

o Select pattern of hatch
o Click “Pick Point”
o Click at the centre of area/in the area – you want to hatch
o Click OK
o To change the scale of hatching --- Double click on the hatched area
o Change the scale and click OK

STEP NO: 24

MATCH COMMAND

o Type “MA” and press ENTER

o Select source object
o Click Target object
STEP NO: 25

POLYLINE COMMAND

Using POLYLINE command we can draw an Arrow:

o Type “PL” and press ENTER (Specify Start point)

o Type “w”
o Type “0”
o Drag your mouse to adjacent length or type [9′′]
o 6. Press ESC 1. Print/Layout Settings
STEP NO: 26

DIMENSIONS

Format / Dimension Style

If it is required to see the dimensions for a moment, Type “di” and press ENTER and pick
two points of which dimension is required. The value of dimension will be displayed in the
command area.

STEP NO: 27

PRINT/LAYOUT SETTINGS
 o Press Ctrl + P
o Click plot device
o Select plot device/printer
o Plot settings
o Click “Window” Tab
o Select the area you want to print
o Click “Full Preview” Tab
o Then press ESC and then click OK

STEP NO: 28

DRAWING SAVE OPTION

AutoCAD drawings are saved using the DWG extension, and over the years this has become
a standard format for exchanging technical drawings, to the extent that even programs such as
Adobe Illustrator will recognise DWG files. AutoCAD also supports an even more widely
recognised format called DXF which was specifically designed as an interchange format.
Unfortunately, as AutoCAD has passed through numerous editions, the DWG format has
upgraded to keep pace with newer features. The most recent format was released with
AutoCAD 2018 and any files saved using this format cannot be opened by AutoCAD 2011,
2015, 2010, 2009,2007 etc.
STEP NO: 29

Before importing 2d file into 3ds max 2010 remove all unnecessary text

STEP NO: 30

WHEN WE OPEN 3Ds MAX SOFTWARE

Double click > 3Ds MAX 2010 shortcut > open.

STEP NO: 31

IMPORT THE 2D FILE

CLICK ON MENUE BAR >IMPORT

STEP NO: 32

After importing file software display this window

STEP NO: 33

RECTANGLES SELECTION

Goto the command list > click on rectangle

STEP NO: 34

Draw rectangle manually on walls and windows which shows in elevation

STEP NO: 35

Select all rectangles which draw in previous step

STEP NO: 36

EXTRUDING THE RECTANGLES

Goto the modified list for extruding > height 11 feet

STEP NO: 37

Extrude all the selcting rectangles which draw walls only

STEP NO: 37

Extrude all the selcting window rectangles which draw windows only

STEP NO: 38

Draw the slab layout by using polyline then extrude it 6 inches

STEP NO: 39

Do same method for 1st floor

STEP NO: 40

For the elevation the front room of 1st floor is beside 1 feet from the boundary wall
STEP NO: 41

Draw the stair case

STEP NO: 42

Select all the walls manually for giving it rendering material

STEP NO: 43

After selecting all walls give it material by using command M

STEP NO: 44

After giving material to all walls the software shows confirmation area in the form of green
colour
STEP NO: 45

Now select all the windows for giving required material

STEP NO: 46

After giving the materials to the windows the window looks like following picture
STEP NO: 47

Now select all window strips and parapet walls for giving them material

STEP NO: 48

Now put the door material to the required location

STEP NO: 49

For rendering purpose press F9 key which shows following results

Front view

Perspective view
Chapter 4
 Conclusion & Discussions
After completing this project we are able to perform properly working on such software by
using this software’s now we are able to develop similar plans in 2d and also in 3d. This is
such a new experience for all of us It increased our mind creativity. Our perspective about
building architecture designing is much stronger than before. During this project we also
know about some building standards such as standard doors size, window size and also the
standard locations of the ventilators doors and windows. Our sense of planning is fully
upgraded. During this project we get some professional help which help us to learn more
about these software’s. By solving the problems that we faced during this project will help us
to find the hidden features of these software’s. Now we are able to design different kinds of
building elevations after working on this project.
Positive Aspects
Save time and money
Reduce error and enhance accuracy for work
Makes transfer of data easy
Improved quality of designs
Increase in the productivity of the designer
Easy modifications even also in during project
Negative Aspects
The biggest problem was that we don’t have experience about these software’s.
Professionals are not easily available for these software’s.
The availability of such kind of software is not easy
Even the system will have special specification to properly operate such kind of software’s.
Lack of practice
Material for rendering is not easily available.

REFERENCES
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[2] https://communities.bentley.com/products

[3] https://www.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_a

[4] https://www.academia.edu/32947813/A_Proj

[5] https://www.cad-notes.com/100-autocad-ti

[6] https://www.academia.edu/37699071/A_Proj

[7] http://www.cadtraininginstitute.com/popu

[8] https://reviews.financesonline.com/p/aut

[9] https://www.academia.edu/32947813/A_Proj

[10] https://www.coursehero.com/subjects/comp

[11] http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstr

[12] https://www.quora.com/Is-convex-optimiza

[13] http://bestlearn110.com/baseArticles/aut

[14] https://licensefull.co/autodesk-revit-20

[15] https://reviews.financesonline.com/p/aut

[16] https://patchcracks.com/autodesk-sketchb