DESIGN OF A PORTABLE DEVICE LOAD MANEUVER

DATE: 23/05/2018

PRESENTED TO:

HUGO ALVAREZ BARRIOS

WILMER VELILLA

PRESENTED BY:

JUAN CAMILO JIMÉNEZ 200071353

ALEJANDRO MUSA 200071229

JOSE THERAN 200072327

UNIVERSIDAD DEL NORTE

BARRANQUILLA, ATLÁNTICO

1. INTRODUCTION
The design of mechanisms that facilitate the development of activities such as cargo
handling is part of one of the branches of mechanical engineering. An example of
these mechanisms is the one that was worked on and discussed in this project,
which is a crane arm, whose main function is the transport of objects by loading and
unloading. The requirement is to design a mechanism of this type capable of lifting a
load of 20 liters and transporting it from point A to point B at a distance of
approximately 1.5 meters. For them, different alternatives were evaluated, under
certain parameters, in order to select the most suitable one that would fulfill all our
objectives and expectations.

2. REQUIREMENTS
● Load capacity: The required load is approximately 20 kg of a water tank.
● Degrees of freedom: The mechanism has two degrees of freedom: the first is the
revolving movement that the crane has caused by a pinion or sprocket that is operated
by turning the crank and the second is the vertical movement in the axis 'y' that is
generated thanks to a double pulley system with a manual winch in order to raise the
load.
● Stability: As for stability, it was not necessary to put a counterweight because the
base was designed with the exact measurements (115cm x 115cm) and reinforced
with a friend's foot so that the structure could support the weight better, distributing
the effort in all this and avoiding that the crane overturns.
● Portability: The crane presents an easy portability because it is not complicated when
transporting it thanks to the fact that it has a removable system (the base can be
separated from the body or the main part of the crane) thus forming a mechanism of
two bodies whose movement It will be run by a pulley system.
● Maneuver: The maneuver consists of: first take the water tank with the winch
and raise it to a certain height and then transport it from one point to another
at a distance of approximately 1.5 meters. Once the tank is transported, it is
unloaded in the chair. All this process will be carried out in maximum 1
minute.
 3. CONCEPTUAL DESIGN
● Alternative 1:

The mechanism is composed of four

subsystems:
The first is a lifting system composed
of a double pulley to lift a greater
amount of weight using a lower force.
The second subsystem is the one that
allows the rotation of the crane
presenting a pinion that is activated
when the crank is moved.

Figure 1: First Alternative.

The third subsystem consists of a hydraulic arm or piston that allows the movement of the
upper and lower horizontal arm of the crane.
For the fourth and last subsystem there is a wheel with a crane or safety with the purpose of
being able to move the crane from one place to another and when it has to remain in only one
it is secured or braked to keep it static

● Alternative 2:
The subsystem 1 is a lifting system composed of a hydraulic piston that allows raising and
lowering the arm of the crane.
The second is the one found in the boom of
the crane and is a retractable arm in charge of
supporting the loaded hook, ensuring the
reach or radius requested.
The third and last subsystem is made up of the pulley that is in the upper part to be able to
raise and lower the hook with the load

Figure 2: Second Alternative.

● Alternative 3:

The first subsystem is an endless pinion

in charge of spinning the crane
completely.
The second is a lifting system consisting
of a hydraulic piston to move the crane
arm up and down.
The third is a retractable arm that allows
the hook to be moved to the radius that is
requested.

Figure 3: Third alternative.

● Alternative 4:
 Figure 5 and 6: Fourth alternative.
This model consists of a support base extension system (retractable base), a cable system to
support the crane arm and a pulley system to raise the hook.

Figure 6: Quality Function Deployment.

Once evaluated the 4 alternatives, the one that largely fulfilled the objectives was the first,
which gives us more advantages such as: stability, removing the option to put a
counterweight, you can load a greater weight with less force unlike the others, it is easy to
handle due to its disassembly and because it can rotate 360 ° and has an accessible cost. It
should be noted that this model was made some variants to improve its features and make it a
little easier.

4. PRELIMINARY DESIGN
 Figure 7. Static analysis.

Figure 8. Static displacement.

 Figure 9. Static unit deformation.

Figure 10. Security factor.

5. DETAIL DESIGN
Plane in SolidWorks:

Figure 11. Plane

Equations:

For the arm of the crane:

If we take a mass of 25 kg and anarmof 0,75 meter

There is only flexion in that component, the maximum strain of von Mises will be simplified
as follows:
This stress is calculated with this formula:

Steel has an elastic limit of 500 MPa. Therefore, the required safety factor is:

For the construction of the crane it was necessary:

Figure 12. Materials list.

Budget

- Total cost of materials ..................................................................................... $ 200,000 COP

- Welding ............................................................................................................. $ 80,000 COP

- Painting ............................................................................................................. $ 20,000 COP

- Transportation ................................................................................................... $ 30,000 COP

TOTAL: ..............................................................................................................$ 330,000 COP

List of specifications

-Overall dimensions: In the plane

-Loading capacity: 20 kg safe

-Degrees of freedom of movement: 2 degrees of freedom (rotation of the crane arm and load
lifting system)

-Production rate: 1 water canister (20 kg) per minute

6. CONSTRUCTION

First we start with the construction of the base joining four cuts of the square cross section of
50.8x50.8x540 mm and additionally this adds 4 "friend pie" to the base where the crane will
go.
 Figure 13. Base of the crane.

Then we proceed to cut the tube of 2-inch circular section to create the arm and boom of the
crane welding both cuts and adding the foot of a friend to then assemble it.
 Figure 14. Crane scheme.

Figure 15. Crane scheme.

The load-lifting system was added by means of a cable and a winch with the help of 2 pulleys
and a crank.
 Figure 16. Addition of crane rotation system.

Finally, the crane's rotation system is added. To do this, a bicycle plate was first welded
around the arm of the crane and joined by a chain to a smaller pinion attached to a crank and
located at the base of the crane.

Figure 17. Disassembly to paint.

Figure 18. Painting process.

 Figure 19. Painting process.

Once the design was completed, we proceeded to carry out tests on the crane by lifting a
bucket with an approximate weight of 20 kilograms and finally the process of painting the
entire structure was executed.
 Figure 20. Crane completed.

7. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Throughout this project it was possible to demonstrate that for the construction of structures
there must first be a previous study in order to be aware of the existing efforts in said
structure after applying a load. This is very important when it comes to finding ourselves in a
workplace because it helps us avoid future accidents due to failures in the structure thanks to
the implementation of fault criteria such as Von Mises. Finally, thanks to the calculations
made, we were able to readjust our design to be completely sure that it will work in the best
way and without any mishap.

Recommendations

It is vital to be clear about the objectives of the project in order that the chosen design is
always the best alternative. On the other hand, when obtaining the final design it is advisable
to carry out several tests to avoid any eventuality.

8. REFERENCES
● Norton, R. Diseño de Máquinas. Prentice Hall, 2011.
● Shigley J. & Mischke, C. Standard Handbook of Machine Design. Mc Graw Hill,
1996.