RAWE-EXTENSION PROGRAMME- 2020

Conducting PRA to Understand Resources, Problems, Problem

Assess Relationship and Training/Demonstration Need

Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) is methodology for interaction with

villagers understanding then and learning from them. It is a means of collecting
different groups and evoking their participation and also opening ways in which
intended groups can participate in decision making, project design, execution and
monitoring of rural development programme, PRA constitutes a process of
involvement with rural people for indigenous knowledge building exercise. It is a way
of learning from and with villagers to investigate, analyse and evaluate constraints
and opportunities to focus attention on people , their livelihoods and their relationship
with socio-economic and ecological factors.

1. Name of village- dewra

2. Purpose of PRA …To raise living standard of farmer
3. Resource person contacted prior to conducting PRA…– mr.vijendra singh
4. Activities exercised in PRA- meeting work with farmer to solve their problem
a) Drawing sketch map of village yes
b) Social map …yes
c) Resource map…yes
d) Mobility map- yes
e) Seasonal calendars -yes.. (Rabi seasonal)
f) Venn diagram …- NO
g) Time line- 45 days
h) Train analysis – NO

Note: Students will identify the agricultural problems and suggest possible solution
accordant.

(1)
 RAWE -Extension Programme

Identifying Specific Gaps in Adoption.

Adoption is the mental process through which an individual passes from first
hearing about an innovation to its final adoption. The adoption process is one type of
decision making innovation, is a decision by an individual. He begins using an idea
that the innovation replaces.
Name of students –Nisha NIGAM Roll no…BAGN1AG16100
Name of village DEWRA Name of Host Farmer- Narendra singh

A. What is the level of knowledge of Farmer regarding following package of practices

(Major Kharif crops of village).
Sr.N Items Crop1 Crop2 Over all
o Actual Recomme Actua Recomme knowled
knowledge nded l nd ge
Practices knowledg Practices Level(%)
e

1 Soil type Black soil - * 80%

Required
2 Proper June- July 75%
time of
sowing
3 Improved Kranti,1121 ,1509, 60%
varieties Sugandha
4 Preparator Primary Tillage 75%
y Tillage
5 Seed rate 100kg/ha 80%
6 Methods Broadcasting in 75%
of sowing nursery
(transplanting in
field
7 Spacing & 15*7cm 60%
optimum
plant
Population
8 Manure & Fym-100Q/ha Fer. 60%
Fertilizer 150:40:30kg /ha
9 Methods 75%
of fertilizer broadcasting
Application
10 Irrigation flooding irrigation 75%
Scheduling
11 Intercultur Hand weeding 80%
al
Operations
12 Weed Weedicides 80%
control (butach lor)
13 Insect Insecticide(carbary *
control l)
14 Disease propiconazole *
control
15 Time of Nov-dec *
Harvesting
16 Methods By harvester *
of
harvesting
Thrashing
17 Storage & Nil *
Marketing
(2)

1. Identify Specific Gaps in Adoption

Name of the Crop…………………………………….

Sr.No Particulars of Practices followed by Extent of gaps Constraints in Action

Recommended farmers as per in adoption of adopting oriented
Practices(100%) recommendation recommended recommended suggestions
(25%,50%,75%,100%) technology technology
1 Soil type Black soil
required
2 Proper time of April
Sowing
3 Improved Parbhani kranti
Varieties
4 Preparatory harrowing
Tillage
5 Seed rate 3-4kg/ha
6 Methods of Pit method
Sowing
7 Spacing & 30*20cm
optimum plant
population
8 Manure & 80:50:40kg/ha
Fertilizer
9 Methods of Broadcasting
fertilizer
application
10 Irrigation Tubewell
Scheduling
 11 Intercultural Handhowing
Operations
12 Weed control Weedicide(paraquat)
13 Insect control pesticide
14 Disease control
15 Time of
Harvesting
16 Method of The cap with a knife
Harvesting and
Threshing
17 Storage & refrigerator
Marketing

(3)

2. Sources of information for Improved Farm Technology applied by Farmer during

Innovation Decision Process.
Sr.No Sources Stages of Innovation Decision Process Confirmation
Knowledg Persuasion Decision Implementatio Adoptio Rejectio
e n n n
1 Radio
2 TV Latest yes yes yes yes No
information
3 News Paper Latest yes yes yes yes No
information
4 Magazine/Bulletin No No No No No No
s
5 Progressive No
Farmers
6 Friends/Relatives No
7 RAEO/ADO
8 Sarpanch/Leader Yes yes yes yes yes Yes
9 FLD/OFT No
10 Krishi Mela Yes yes yes yes yes Yes
11 Scientist No
12 Students Yes
13 Agro-dealer Yes
14 Any other No No No

RAWE-Extension Programme-Survey General Problems Related to Agriculture/

Horticulture
Name of Social/ Infrastructural Technical Health Institutional Any
Problem Cultural other
Village yes Yes yes No yes No
Problems No Yes yes No yes No
at farmers
levels

Note: After recording the problem students will give possible solution to overcome
them on a separate sheet.

(4)

RAWEP-Extension: Schedule
Techno-Social Survey of village and Host farmers
(Refer format given in the section of Rural economics)

DIARY OF THE STUDENT

Each students has to maintain a work-Diary and record their day-to-day activities
carried out in Rural Agricultural/Horticultural work Experience programme
(RAWEP/RHWEP) as per the given format.

Reportfor the week form 2nd week of feb Date 04/02/2020

1. Name of the Student: Nisha NIGAM
2. I.D. No:
3. Name of the Collage. Itm university
4. Name of the Village dewra
5. Name and address of the host farmer: Narendra singh
6. Abstract of work: (Indicate in brief the activities of week)
Week Days Abstract of Work done
Monday visit
Tuesday No visit
Wednesday Farmer allot
Thursday No visit
Friday Visit on the farmer field
Saturday Holiday
Sunday Holiday

Note:Periodof absence from work………. Reasonsfor absence………………………

Date of receipt of the diary by the Programme Officer.......................
Comments and Signature of the Programme Office..
 Nisha NIGAM
Signature of the Student.

(5)

RAWE SCHEDULE (Agronomy/Horticulture)

A. Plot wise history of host farmers including Cropping scheme.

1. Name of the Student-Nisha NIGAM
2. Major two crops of the Village – rice,okra
3. Name of the Host Farmers – Narendra singh
4. Survey (Khasra) No 861.. Plot No.1
Plot No.2
Plot No.3
5. Area (ha)-1.402/ha Topography
6. Soil Proporties (a) Soil Type blacksoil (b) Texture…………………….
(c)Depth of soil (cm) - Shallow/medium/deep-5-8cm (d) Soil pH - 5.5-6.5ph
(e) Drainage- cannal
(f) Initial fertility status of soil: Organic Carbon…NPK

7. Irrigation available to the Fields: Source-Cannal.. Area irrigated -all area

8. Previous Cropping History:Kharif -paddy. Rabi-wheat,. Summer- okra
9. Special land development work performed,if any - no
B. Cropping Scheme (Previous Year commercial farming) Details of Inputs and
Output.

Plot Area Crops Field Manure& Irrigation Yield Value of Cost of Net
No. (ha) & Preparation fertility & plant obtained produce culti. profit
variety protection (q/ha) (Rs/Ha) (Rs/Ha) (Rs/ha)
01 1.402 wheat Primary yes yes 8q/h 40000 9000 31000
 C. Proposed cropping scheme (current Year ………………..) Details of Recommended
Practices
Plot Proposed Field Manure Sowing Irrigation Yield Estimated Net
No. Crops/Var. prep. fertilizers time, & Plat (Grain cost of Profits
& seed rate, Protection & Cultivation (Rs/ha)
Area seed Straw) (Rs/ha)
treatment Kg/Ha
And
sowing
Methods

(6)

D. Calender of Agronomic Operations (Any Major two crops.)

Name of the Day and Name of the operation to be performed (Attach a separate
Crop Date sheet. If necessary
Rice 03 June Primary tillage
wheat 04 oct Primary tillage

E. Agricultural Production Technology: Daily Record of Operation Season-Kharif.

Kh. Area Crop/ Operation Name & Observations Participation Yield Constraints
Crop (ha) Var. Performed Quantity viz..germination of students (kg/ha) while
of input flowering, on filed work performing
used pests/disease/weeds agri-operatio
occurrence
1 1.402 wheat Tillage - - yes - -

Nisha NIGAM Narendra singh

Signature of student. Signature of Host Farmer. Signature of Teacher.
 (7)

RAWE-Schedule
MAINTENANCE OF DAILY AGRICLTURAL/HORITCULTURAL OPERATIONS
CARRIED OUT BY FARMERS/STUDENTS
NAME OF STUDENTS Nisha NIGAM
NAME OF COLLAGE- ITM university (gwl)
Name of Village - Dewra and Host Farmer – Narendra singh
Plot Khasara No-861 Crop and Variety- wheat
Area -1.402 ha , Irrigation- cannal , Previous crop- rice

Date Name of Inputs used F.Labours H.Labours Total Labourcosts (Rs) Grand total total
Operation (col.5+15+16+17)
Name Qty. value M F M F M F M F Machine
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 12 13 15 16 17 18
F= Family Labours, H=Hired Labours

(8)

RAWE-Schedule Cost of cultivation for all crops

Name of Students – Nisha NIGAM
Name of collage – ITM university (gwl)
Name of village – Dewra and Host farmer- Narendra singh
Name of crop and variety- wheat , Area- 1.402ha

Sr.No Items Unit Inputs per Inputs per Total cost

Unit hectare per ha
(Rs.)
1 Hired male labours 3 300 900 900
2 Hired female labours 2 200 600 600
3 Bullocks No - - -
4 Machinery charges No - - -
5 Seed Yes 700 2800 2800
6 Manure No - - -
7 Fertilizers Yes - 3000 3000
8 Irrigation yes - - -
9 Insecticide/fungicides yes - 600 600
10 Land revenue/ Cess and Taxes no - - -
11 Depreciations on implements and 4 1,00,000 5,5000 -
farm building
12 Expenses on acquisitions on inputs 2 250 500 500
and misc.
13 Interest on working capital No - - -
14 Rental value of land No -
15 Family male labours 2 300 600 600
16 Family feather labours No
17 Total cost per ha. - - - 8500
18 Supervision charges 10% of total No
cost
19 Yield per ha 30-35ha Grain Straw…
20 Price Grain @ Rs1900 .per quintal. Straw @ Rs 500….per quintal
21 Total value Rs/ha 62700
22 Net Profit= Col.21-(col.17+col.18) 2,54,200

(9)
RAWE Schedule-Agronomy / Horticultural of
Weeds in crop fields and other habitats

Name of students -Nisha NIGAM Location- Dewra…

Each students should conduct survey of weeds in different habitats as
well as survey of weeds in crops and cropping system. Data should be
recorded in the table given below.
S.No. Common Name Scientific Name Propagation A/B/P
1 Wild rice Echinochloa colonum Seed
2 Banyard grass Echinochloa crusgalli Seed
3 Purple nut Cyperus rotundus Seed
sedge
4 Yellow sedge Cyperus irri Seed
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

Conclusion:
 (10)

Estimation of critical period of crop weed compaction under field

condition
In the life cycle of an crop during the early seedling days,. presence of
weeds may not pose much yield reduction. In other words, competition may not
have started us the immediate supply of the resources is well above the combined
demand of crop seedling and weed seedlings. However, after a certain period,
competition starts and if weeds are kept uncontrolled, yield reduction may occur.
This period usually end when the ground is completely covered by the crop canopy.
Any weeding given after this stage will not compensate for the losses already
occured . This period between the early and later stages of a crop when the crop is
sensitive to competition from weeds is known as the critical period of weed
competition.
In the beginning, there is no yield reduction. Weeding during the pre-critical
period is not necessary as it makes the cultivation of crops less profitable. In the end
of corp life, by keeping the weeds not removed, there is no yield reduction. In
other words. There is no need to remove weeds after the "critical period of weed
competition " (CPWC). Weeds emerging after CPWC do not compete with the crop
plants to the exten of reducing crop yield but they create problems at harvest and
replenis weed seeds to the seeds bank of soil. To determine the extent of weed
competition and yield losses of crop in field, Experiment may be conducted with the
following treatments.
Exercise : Prepare 12 plots select a crop of about 75 days duration and arrange the
treatments as follows.
Weedy for the x days Weed free For the x days
T1- 0 days T7- 0 days
T2-15 days T8- 15 days
T3-30 days T9- 30 days
T4-45 days T10- 45 days
T5-60 days T11- 60 days
T6-75 days T12- 75 days

The treatments are to be imposed in the field duly observing the randomization,
replication, local control. The recommended packages of practice for the crop
selected are to be followed. The following data on the crop and weed has to be
recorded:
A. Crop: Initial and final plants stand. Crop dry matter, grain yield (kg/ha) dry matter
have to be recorded at 15 days interval by destructive sampling . Yield atributes and
yield at harvesting stage.
B. Weed data: Weed flora, weed density/m' and weed day matter (kg/ha) at 20
days interval. Tabulate both crop and weed data and draw the conclusion of critical
study of tabulated information.

(11)

Rural Economics Schedule

Techno-Economic survey of village
Name of student- Nisha NIGAM
Name of collage ITM University gwl
Name of village- Dewra
Name of district – Gwalior Distance From village -46 km
Name of block- dabra. distance from village-5 km
Name of sarpanch shri Ranveer singh rawat
Name of MLA Lakhan singh yadav
Name of RAEO- Satyapal singh

A .. Transport, Education and Health Serves

1. Bus stand- sirsula distance from village 9.4km
2. Railway station- dabra. distance from village -27km
3. Post office -no
4. Condition of road- good
5. School; primary / middle/ higher secondary- balaji public school dewra
6. College – govt collg. distance of village 8 km
7. Primary health center- shcitma
8. Private Dispensary - no
9. Aaganbadis/Baal basis 2

B. Population

Sex Category Literate Illiterate Total no % age of

Total
Population
Male (1) Adults (above 400-450 900-1000 90.8-95%
35year)

(2 )youth (18-35) 200-250 300-330 500-555 95-96%

(3) Children 80-90 50-55 130-145 50-55%

Female (1) Adult(above 200-250 600-650 800-950 25-30%
35 year )
(2)Youth (18-35) 200-225 100-125 300-375 85-87%
3) Children 50-60 100-125 150-185 25-30%
Total 1150 1650 2800
(male+Female)

(12)

(b) :Level of Literacy

Sr.NO Types of Literacy Number Total%
Male Female
1 Illiterate 250-300 300-350 10-12%
2 Studied up to 5th class 900-1000 800-850 25-30%
3 Studied up to 8th class 700-750 500-550 10-12%
4 Studied up to 10th class 500-550 400-450 10-12%
5 Studied up to 11th class 200-250 100-150 8-10%
6 12th pass 150-170 80-90 8-10%
7 Graduate 70-80 40-60 5-6%
8 Post graduate 20-25 10-15 3-4%
Total

C Drinking water facilities; well/Tanks/Tap water/Hand pump;…………………….

D marketing facilities
Sr no. Type Available Nearest place Distance in
within village to the village km.
1 Weekly haat
2 Regulated market
3 Daily need/ Kirana
4 Vege & fruit stall
5 Fair price (ration)shop
6 Any other

E Livestock population (as per hr gram panchayat Records);

Class Types of livestock Number
A Draft animal 60-65
Bullocks 40-50
He buffaloes 100-120
Total 200-235
B Milch animal 120-130
Local/ Deshi breed cows 30-35
Crossbred cows 20-25
Buffaloes 80-85
 Total 250-275
C Calves(below 3 year) 50-60
Local breed cows 20-25
Cross breed cows 10-15
Buffaloes 15-20
Total 90-120
D Goats/sheep 50-55
Poultry 20
E Others 00

(13)
F Veterinary Aid available for livestock;
Sr no. Particular Available in
Village At nearby Distance from
village/town village in Km
1 Veterinary Dispensary
2 Artificial insemination
center
3 Dairy Cooperative Society

4 Any other

G Land Utilization pattern:

Sr no. Particulars Area in ha
1 Total geographical area 25
2 Forest area 30
3 Grazing and pasture land No land
4 Land put to non-agril. use 20
5 Total cultivable area 75
6 Area under Rainfed agri. 20
7 Area under irrigation 2.5
8 Net sown area 1.402
9 Area sown more then once No

H; Structural distribution of land holding

Sr no. Farm size (Ha) No.of % age to Area (Ha) %age to
holding total total
1 Up to 1.00 150 70% 150 70%
2 1.01-2.00 30 20% 60 90%
3 2.01-4.00 15 8% 20 98%
4 4.01-6.00 3 2% 18 25%
5 6.01-above No

I. Source of irrigation
Sr No. Source No. Area Covered (ha)

kharif Rabi Perennial

1 Canal 4 1.402 1.402 -
2 Tube wells 3 1.402 1.402 -
3 Tanks No - - -
4 Pvt lifts No - -
5 Other No -

Total 7 3.502 3.502 -

J. Cropping Pattern (Previous year)

Season Crop Rainfed area Irrigated Average Yield (Q/Ha)
(ha) area(ha)
Rain fed Irrigated
Kharif Rice No All No Good

Rabi Wheat No All No Good

Summer Okra No 23ha No good

(15)

K. Adoption of Modern Agriculture Technology (Important crops)

Name of Crop Total area Area covered in ha
technology (ha)
Traditional Modern
Area Percentage Area Percentage
Rotavatar Rice 50 ha - - - -
L. Availability of agricultural Labourers:
S.no Type of labour Adequate/Inadequate Wages paid (Rs/day)
1 Male 400 300
2 Female 350 200
3 Bullock pairs no -

(15)

M. Agro-Based Industries in the village or nearby area:

Sr.no Agro-based industry No. Of families Number
engaged In the village Nearby area
1 Rice mill 10 2 Bhitarwar
road
2 Daal mill No
3 Flour mill No
4 Jaggerry mill No
5 Other

N. Subsidiary Enterprises.
S.no Enterprise Yes/no
1 Dairy Yes
2 Poultry Yes
3 Goat/sheet rearing Yes
4 Piggery No
5 Huller No

O. Other village Institutions:

S.no Institute Yes/no
1 Gram Panchayat Yes
2 Mandi No
3 Cooperative Society No
4 Kisan club Yes
5 Youth club No
6 Mahila club No
7 Bhajan Mandali Yes
8 Sports club No
9 Other

(16)
P. Transportation means available in the village.
S.no Type Number
1 Cycles 100
2 Cart load 20
3 Moter Cycles 200
4 Car/jeeps 25
5 Other

Q. Total number of houses- 500. Electrified house- all

Pucha houses - 350 .Kachha houses- 150
No. Of House having WBC ( latrine) facilities- 400
R. Recreational facilities available in the village:
Items Number
Television (B/W) 56
Radio
05
Cinema
Nachha Party 0
Bhajan mandali 0
Others 2

S. Farm Machinery and Equipment available in the village:

S.no Machinery/Equipment Number
1 Tractor 250
2 Power Tiller 23
3 Combine 3
4 Mould board plough 125
5 Seed drill 56
6 Thresher 83
7 Sprayer 105
8 Duster 23
9 Ridger and leveler 55
10 Sprinkler irrigation sets 0
11 Drip irrigation sets 0
12 Others 0

T. Facilities for repair of machinery like Tractor/Electric motor etc.

Sr.no Type of Repairs in Facilities Distance from
machinery village available at the village
nearby village
1 Tractor No yes 27
2 Electric motor No yes 27
3 Oil engine No Yes 27
4 Implements No Yes 27

U. Availability of agro-industry.
S.no Agro-industry Available distance
IN village At nearest village
1 Implement No yes 27
2 Seed yes yes 27
 3 Fertilizers No yes 27
4 Insecticides/Fungicides No yes 27
5 Herbicides no yes 27

V. Credit Institutions in the village

i. Banks- Central bank of India
ii. Cooperative Societies - yes
iii. Others-

Ranveer singh rawat Nisha NIGAM

Signature of village Sarpanch Student's Signature. Remarks and signature
Of course Teacher
Rural Economics Schedule
TECHNO-ECONOMIC SURVEY/FARM HOLDING
OF HOST FARMERS

Techno-economic of farm holding survey refers to the collection of data, information

related to farm activities through structured questionnaire with the help of a
Schedule or through below mentioned proforma containing set of question related
to farm activities the collection of data is to be done through personal interviews of
the farm owners using the survey Schedule or farm records , the performa contains
detail holding or acreage crop livestock and other enterprises, farm implements
machinery, irrigation sources, labour uses, capital use including loans, cost of
cultivation details, yield and income source, etc. This survey conducted to familiarize
the student with the social economics conditions of the farmer and farm production
activities each student will prepare a brief report on various aspects of survey the
detail are as follow

Name of student :-Nisha NIGAM

Name of Collage : ITM university gwl
Name of village-dewra Block -bhitarwar Distinct gwalior
1. Name of the head of the family- Narendra singh
Sex: male/female- male Age {years}-45y Education-8
Address: village- dewra post – bhitarwar ward- bhitarwar
Block- bhitarwar District- gwl .Mobile no. 9826242480
2. Information of the family member including attache labours
SR.NO NAME SEX REALTION AGE EDUCATION OCCUPATION REMARK
1 Bharat M Self 45 8 Crop
2 mamta f Self 42 5 no
3 manna m Son 12 4 No
4
5
6
7

1 Asset and liabilities

 A. Land
SR.N KHASRA NO IRRIGATED RAINFED SOIL Present LAND
O LAND (HA) LAND (HA) TYPE VALUE REVENUE
(RS ) / TAX
1 302 1.402 no black 25 lakh
2
3
4
5
6

B, Source of irrigation
SR.NO SOURCE NUMBER IRRIGATED AREA (HA)
KHARIF RABI ALWAYS

1 WELL
2 CANEL
3 TANK
4 OTHER

C.Building
SR,NO CATIOGERY TYPE OF SIZE PERSENT
CONSTRUCTION VALUE (RS)
1 RESIDENTIAL
HOUSE
2 FARM HOUSE
3 CATTLE SHED
4 OTHER

D LIVESTOCK STATUS OF THE FARMER

SR. NO CATIOGERY BREED NO OF PRESENT
ANIMAL VALUE (RS)
1 Draft animal
2 Cows
3 Buffaloes
4 Goat/sheep
5 Poultry

E . Organisational participation
SR.N ORGANISATION ME OFFICE REGULA OCCASIONA NEVE
O MB BARRIE R L R
ER R
1 GRAMPANCHAYAT
2 ZILA PANCHAYAT
3 COOPERATIVE SOCIETY
4 FARMERS CLUB
5 YOUTH CLUB
6 MAHILA MANDAL
7 OTHER

F. Implements and machinery

CATIOGERY ITEMS NUMBER PERSENT
VALUE(RS)
A.Implements Wooden plough no
Iron plough 1 20k
MB plough No
Seed drill 1 40k
Harrow 1 50k
Hoes 1 20k
B.equipment Bullock cart No
Sprayer 1 1200
Duster No
C.machinery Tractor 1 5 lakh
Electric motor No
Oil engine No
Power tiller No
Thresher No
Reaper No
Other No

G. Household article
Sr no Article Number Present value(rs)
1 Bicycle No
2 Motorcycle 1 40k
3 Television No
4 Radio No
5 Refrigerator 1 12k
6 Cooler 1 5k
7 Steel Almirah 1 6k
8 Washing machine No
9 Sofa set No
10 Gobar gas plant No
11 Car No

(20)

H. Annual gross income (lascivious year)

 Sr no Source Amount (rs)
1 Crops 1,20,000
2 Livestock 100000
3 Wages No
4 Others No

i. Annual family consumption expendable (previous year)

Sr no Head Amount (Rs)
1 Food
2 Housing
3 Education
4 Clothing
5 Health
6 Travel
7 Recreation
8 Gift
9 Food wears
10 Marriage /other function

j. Information about borrowing including old loans (previous year)

Sr no Source Amount Purpose Rate of Repayment Outstanding
borrowed date interest during the year (rs)
1 Commercial
bank

2 Land Dev
bank
3 Cooperative
bank/
society
4 Private
lender
5 Friends /
relatives

K. Marketing channels used for selling the produce (last one year)
Sr no Marketing channel Produce sold Quantity sold
1 Village traders
2 Commission agents
3 Cooperatives society
4 Whole seller
5 Self

(21)
 Rural Economics schedule
Estimation of cost cultivation and
Farmer income measure of major crops

The student have to calculate the cost of cultivation of major crops one major crops
of the host farmer per the produce given below.
Name of the student- Nisha NIGAM Roll no- BAGN1AG16100
Name of the village- DEWRA Name of the host farmer- NARENDRA singh
Name of the crop – wheat variety…
A. Cost of cultivation of major crop (name)…………………….
Sr No. Cost items Per area/ha. % age Total value
share in (Rs/Ha.)
total cost
I.e.cost C3
Quantity Value (RS)

A Cost A1
1 Value of hired human 5 300 17% 1500
labour
2 Value of machinery no
3 Value of bullock labour 1 1000 11% 1500

4 Value of seeds 100kg 25 29% 2500

5 Value of 1kg 600 7% 600
insecticide/pesticides
6 Value of manure
7 Value of fertilizer UREA 100kg 600 20 600
DA.P. 40kg 500 500
POTAS 40kg 600 600
Other
8 Irrigation charges No
9 Deprecation No
Machinery and farm
building
10 Land revenue, cesses No
and taxes
11 Miscellaneous 30lit 70 18% 1500
expenses
(electricity.fuel.etc)
12 Interest on working no
capital
Total of cost A1 8500

13 Rent paid for leases in

land
Cost A2(B+13) 8500

14 Interest on value of No loan

owned capital assets
( excluding land)
B. Cost
B1(C+14)
15 Rental value of owned 10000
land
E.cost
B2(D+15)
16 Value of family labour 1 5000

F.Cost
C1(D+16)
G.cost
C2(E+16)
H cost
C3(Cost C2x
10%of cost
C2addeded
to cost C2)
total cost
J
yield/acre/h
a.
J profit of
production:
value of by
product/
yield - cost
of
production
(C3)
B. Farm business income measures.
1 farm business income - 80000
2 owned farm business income -
3 family labour income- 5000
4 net income -85000
5 farm investment -100000
6 benefit cost ratio- 150000

Rural Economics : schedule

Preparation of farm Plans
Farm Planning is an approach which introduce desirable changes in farm
organization and operation and makes the farm a viable unit. Farm planning results
in continuous maximization of net returns of farm business through proper
allocation of resourcess and optimum combination of different enterprises. Farm
plans can be 1) Simple farm plans 2) Complete or full farm plans. Simple farm
planning is adopted either for a part of land one enterprise or to substitute one
resource by another . Complete or full planning envisages planning for the whole
farm I.e , for all enterprises on the farm for a change in the farm structure and
organization . It aims for complete change in croping , programme more income and
market orientation.
For preparing the farm plans and farm budgets use the data generated in
exercise of farm holding survey which will be the existing plan situation. Follow the
steps presented below and prepare a simple farm plan I.e an alternate farm plan by
introducing desirable changes in the existing farm plan that will be adopted by the
farmers immediately and will improve the profitability of the Farmer based on the
recommended package of practices.

Steps in preparing the farm plans:

1. Evaluating the present farm situation with respect to.
i. Resource position or inventory
ii. Different crops grown
iii. Extent of resources used
iv. Level of production
v. Costs and returns
I. Resource position: Detailed information is needed regarding.
a) Land : Area-dry, wet and irrigate, type of soil, topography, drainage, soil
conservation and watermanagement measures, soil nutrient status etc.
b) Labour: Extent of family labour, permanent labour, hired labour, availability
depending upon the type of work, wages, peak period, demand and supply etc.
c) Cattle and mechanical power- Availability and their hiring charges
d) Funds requirement : Funds availability on hand, credit required, sources
available, extent of debts, rates of interest, repayment schedule etc.
e) Management : Skill of the farmer with respect to the production of the different
crops and livestock enterprises and extent of knowledge regarding each of them
f) Irrigation : Source - coverage, period of availability, charges etc.
g) Other information: Farm building, equipment, machinery and other farm
enterprise, their maintenance costs and returns the level of complementary and
supplementary of them with respect to crop production.
II) Crops Grown: Information must relate to the type of crops, rotations, variety,
their cultivation practices and reasons for deviation from the package of practices.
III)Extent of resources used: This gives in details the totality of each resource being
used on the entire farm.
Information must relate to the acre unit area I.e. being cultivated.
Amount of labour being utilized and wages paid extent of family labour involvement,
total amont of capital in terms of variable inputs being used in different enterprises.
Such information is useful for identification of resources usage in different
enterprises and possibility of readjustment from one crop enterprises to the other.
Iv) Levels of production : The information here indicate the amount of main and
byproduct being obtained from each farm enterprises.
V) Costs and returns: This is to be arrived at the profitability of each crop and
livestock enterprises.
2. List out the risks to farm production.
Incidence of pests and diseases, possibility of drought, cyclone, floods etc.
Are to be borne in mind while formulating an alternated plan.
3 Identifying the weakness of the existing plan.
For immediate or short team changes that are to be brought one must first
identifying the operational weaknesses like the suitable variety. Type of fertilizer and
plant protection chemicals. Their marketing cultural practices etc. Minor operational
changes may help in increasing the returns from a particular crop or farm enterprise.
4 Specification of technical coefficient of production.
To identify suitable technology. There is need to gather information from
various resource regarding the improved farming methods and practice and the
various inputs which can be applied under local condition.
5. Specification of appropriate prices.
For the specified production coefficients average prices are to be determined
to estimate the expected returns..
6. Preparation of enterprise budget.
The enterprise budgets can be prepared with the help of extension leaflet.
Research station reports publication etc. These budgets will give the input-output
relationship of each enterprise.
7 Preparation of alternate plan.
With the help of the profitability ranking chart select such farm enterprise
which are feasible within the limited resource of the farm keeping in view the
weaknesses both structural and operational of the existing farm plan. At the same
time try to incorporate the latest technology by preparing a few alternate plans.
Again these plans must involve minimum risk possible.
It is better to prepare first the short- run plans with operational changes.
Later an alternate plan maybe prepared by improving the present cropping scheme
and by keeping in view the long rang farm benefit.
8 Analyse the alternate plan to check the profitability.
It is necessarily to have a clear comprehension about the partial plan
( partial budget ) and alternate plan (full budget). In the former case, any single
aspect of change in technology is considered.

Entomology/pathology - schedule monitoring the crop for

Pest and disease occurrences and seeking remedies
Name of the student- Nisha NIGAM date-04/05/2020
To monitor the crop for pest and disease 0ccurance, each students should pay
constant visit to the cropped area and look for any unnatural growth and occurance.
By observation during and after class hours for the abnormal plant organs. Take
sample to department of agriculture Entomology. Plant pathology and physiology to
identify the maladies if noticed or may be with the teacher get the remedies and
make record

Exercise
Document the problem that you have identified and the remedies given by the
experts below in the table.
Make regular record of conservation during the entire course of time and draw
conclusion.

crop Pest/disease Stage remedy

Rice Black rust spreading
Maize No crop grown
Sorghum
Soybean

Crop Pest/disease stage remedy

Groundnut
Sesame
Vegetable-1 Beetal
Vegetable-2
Vegetable-3
Any other crop

Conclusion:

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Entomology - Schedule

1. Crop pest status and damage in the filed of host farmer

Name of student- Nisha NIGAM

Name of village- dewra host farmer- Narendra singh
Name of the crop- Rice variety-1509 area-1.402ha
Date of sowing- 03june stage of the crop- flower

Object: To know the status of sucking/foliage pest on the cultivated crop

Student should be able to correlate the present population with the ETL level of the
pest.
On the basis of observation and available ETL level, the control measures to be
adopted by the farmer, it should be suggested by the student to the host farmer.

Record of observation on sucking pests

Block Plant Total aphid Total Jassids Total thrips Otherpest
(Top. Middle (top. Middle (top.middle (Top, middle
& bottom of & bottom of & Bottom) &bottom)
plant) plant )
1 1 15 10 6 20
2 13 16 9 17
3 16 06 8 19
Total 14 32 23 55
Average
2 1
2
3
Total

Block. Spot Stem borer Other pest

Total Damage % Total Damage %
plant plant Damage plant plant Damage
1 1 No visit
2
3
Total
Average
1
2
3
Total
Average
Average
3 1
2
3
Total
Grand total
Average
Date of Name Damaging Plant Status of the pest Control Natural
sowing of pest stage of part (percent damage) measure enemies. If if

Similarly, record of observation should be prepared to other type of pests.

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2. Crop pests status and damage in the fields of host farmer table: Recording pest
occurrence per meter row length of crop plants.

3. Control measures suggested to host farmers on the basis of pests

population/damage.
Name of student-NishA NIGAM
Name of farmer- NARENDRA singh
Name of crop/variety – wheat lokman
Date of sowing-20 oct (early sowinhg)
Control measure Suggested control Adapted/not adapted by
measure the farmer along with the
reasons
Cultural control Trap No
Physical control Deep ploughing
Chemical 24-D
Biological Trichoderma spp
IPM Yes

NISHA NIGAM
Signature of Student. Signature of Teacher.

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Schedule
RAWE - Entomology
Seasonal pests incidence (On three Agronomical and Two Horticultural crop)
Name of student- Nisha NIGAM Name of the farmer- Narendra singh
Name of crop - wheat Date of sowing……
 pests affected Low Medium High undertaken any
<10 10-30 % >30%
%

Nisha NIGAM
Signature of Students. Signature of Teacher

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Schedule RAWE- Entomology

Economics of IPM practices followed by the host farmer on Agronomical

/Horticultural crops based on the previous observations.

Name of student- nisha NIGAM Name of farmer- Narendra singh

Name of crop/variety – wheat Date of sowing……..
Sr IPM Methods of IPM Expenditure % increase Pest
no. practices incurred in yield controlled
used (RS/ha)
1 Cultural
method

2 Physical
method

3 Biological
method

4 Chemical
method

Nisha NIGAM
Signature of students. Signature of Teacher

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