HTML PDF

WAD / UI Technologies
Harsha Vardhan
UI Expert
Contents
F u n d a m e n t a l s o f W A D / U I T e c h n o l o g i e s ................................... 16
Introduction to WAD / UI Technologies ............................................................................... 17
Fundamentals of WAD / UI Technologies ............................................................................ 18
H T M L ......................................................................................................................... 22
Introduction to HTML ............................................................................................................. 23
HTML – First Example ............................................................................................................. 29
Headings ................................................................................................................................... 32
Paragraphs................................................................................................................................ 34
Text Formatting Tags .............................................................................................................. 36
<br>............................................................................................................................................ 41
<hr>............................................................................................................................................ 42
<pre> ......................................................................................................................................... 43
<abbr> ....................................................................................................................................... 44
<bdo>......................................................................................................................................... 45
<img> ......................................................................................................................................... 46
<a> ............................................................................................................................................. 47
List tags ..................................................................................................................................... 54
Table tags ................................................................................................................................. 58
<iframe> .................................................................................................................................... 63
HTML Entities ........................................................................................................................... 66
<meta> ...................................................................................................................................... 68
Forms ......................................................................................................................................... 69
<div> and <span> ..................................................................................................................... 89
DOCTYPE .................................................................................................................................. 90
Deprecated Tags ...................................................................................................................... 91
X H T M L ...................................................................................................................... 92
Introduction to XHTML ........................................................................................................... 93
XHTML Rules ............................................................................................................................ 94
C S S ............................................................................................................................. 97
Introduction to CSS ................................................................................................................. 98
color .........................................................................................................................................101
background-color ..................................................................................................................102
D. Harsha Vardhan (UI Expert) P a g e 2 | 1026

font-family ..............................................................................................................................103
font-size ..................................................................................................................................104
font-weight.............................................................................................................................105
font-style ................................................................................................................................106
letter-spacing .........................................................................................................................107
word-spacing ..........................................................................................................................109
Types of colors .......................................................................................................................111
line-height ..............................................................................................................................114
text-decoration ......................................................................................................................116
text-transform .......................................................................................................................118
text-align ................................................................................................................................120
text-indent..............................................................................................................................122
background-image.................................................................................................................124
background-repeat................................................................................................................126
background-position .............................................................................................................129
background-attachment .......................................................................................................131
list-style-type for <ul> ..........................................................................................................133
list-style-type for <ol> ..........................................................................................................135
list-style-image ......................................................................................................................138
<div> tag .................................................................................................................................139
“width” and “height” properties .........................................................................................141
float .........................................................................................................................................143
clear .........................................................................................................................................146
border-style, border-width, border-color ..........................................................................148
border - shortcut....................................................................................................................150
border - sides..........................................................................................................................152
margin .....................................................................................................................................154
margin - sides .........................................................................................................................156
margin - shortcut ...................................................................................................................159
padding ...................................................................................................................................161
padding - sides .......................................................................................................................163
padding - shortcut .................................................................................................................164
Box Model ...............................................................................................................................165

opacity .....................................................................................................................................166
position ...................................................................................................................................167
display .....................................................................................................................................175
visibility ...................................................................................................................................177
overflow ..................................................................................................................................179
Types of Style Sheets ............................................................................................................182
CSS Selectors ..........................................................................................................................185
Tag Selector............................................................................................................................186
ID Selector ..............................................................................................................................187
Class Selector .........................................................................................................................188
Compound Selector ...............................................................................................................189
Grouping Selector..................................................................................................................190
Child Selector .........................................................................................................................191
Direct Child Selector .............................................................................................................192
Adjacent Siblings Selector....................................................................................................193
Adjacent One Sibling Selector .............................................................................................194
Attribute Selector .................................................................................................................195
Hover Selector .......................................................................................................................196
Focus Selector ........................................................................................................................197
Universal Selector .................................................................................................................198
First-child selector.................................................................................................................199
Last-child selector .................................................................................................................201
Nth-child selector ..................................................................................................................203
Nth-child(even) selector .......................................................................................................205
Nth-child(odd) selector.........................................................................................................206
Before selector ......................................................................................................................207
After selector .........................................................................................................................208
Selection selector ..................................................................................................................209
CSS Style Precedence ............................................................................................................210
Table Styles ............................................................................................................................212
Hyperlink Styles .....................................................................................................................214
Menubar ..................................................................................................................................216
Header .....................................................................................................................................218

S t a t i c P a g e T e m p l a t e ...............................................................................222
Static Page Template ............................................................................................................223
R e s p o n s i v e W e b D e s i g n ..........................................................................232
Responsive Web Design .......................................................................................................233
J a v a S c r i p t ..........................................................................................................247
Introduction to JavaScript ...................................................................................................248
Variables .................................................................................................................................250
Arrays ......................................................................................................................................252
Operators ...............................................................................................................................254
Arithmetical Operators ........................................................................................................255
Assignment Operators..........................................................................................................257
Increment and Decrement Operators ................................................................................259
Relational Operators ............................................................................................................260
Logical Operators ..................................................................................................................262
Concatenation Operator ......................................................................................................263
Control Statements ...............................................................................................................264
if ...............................................................................................................................................265
Switch-case .............................................................................................................................271
While........................................................................................................................................273
Do-While .................................................................................................................................274
For ............................................................................................................................................275
Break .......................................................................................................................................277
Continue .................................................................................................................................278
Noscript...................................................................................................................................279
Popup boxes ...........................................................................................................................280
Functions ................................................................................................................................283
DOM.........................................................................................................................................287
Getting Existing Elements from DOM and Changing Content........................................289
Manpulating Attributes of Existing Elements of DOM ....................................................296
Manpulating CSS of Existing Elements of DOM ................................................................299
Event Handling.......................................................................................................................300
“Click” event...........................................................................................................................301
“Dblclick” event .....................................................................................................................302

“Mouseover” and “Mouseout” events ................................................................................303
“Mousemove” event..............................................................................................................306
“Keyup” event ........................................................................................................................308
“Keypress” event ...................................................................................................................309
“Focus” and “Blur” events ....................................................................................................313
“Change” event ......................................................................................................................315
“Contextmenu” event ...........................................................................................................321
“Cut”, “Copy”, “Paste” events .............................................................................................322
“this” keyword .......................................................................................................................324
Adding New Elements to DOM ............................................................................................326
Removing Existing Elements from DOM ............................................................................328
Image Gallery .........................................................................................................................330
Photo Navigation ...................................................................................................................332
Random ...................................................................................................................................334
Conversion Functions............................................................................................................336
Login ........................................................................................................................................339
String Functions .....................................................................................................................340
Date Functions .......................................................................................................................344
setTimeout() ...........................................................................................................................349
setInterval() ............................................................................................................................350
Validations..............................................................................................................................353
Regular Expressions ..............................................................................................................356
Window.print() .......................................................................................................................359
Popup Window .......................................................................................................................360
External JavaScript ...............................................................................................................362
Object Oriented Programming ............................................................................................364
Object Literals........................................................................................................................366
New Object .............................................................................................................................369
Constructor Function ............................................................................................................370
Object.Keys ............................................................................................................................373
Stringify ..................................................................................................................................375
Parse ........................................................................................................................................377
Object Array Literal ...............................................................................................................378

Object Array ...........................................................................................................................381
Complex Object Literal .........................................................................................................382
Prototype................................................................................................................................384
Inheritance .............................................................................................................................387
Clousers ..................................................................................................................................389
Hoisting ...................................................................................................................................391
H T M L 5 ..................................................................................................................392
Introduction to HTML 5 ........................................................................................................393
Removed Tags ........................................................................................................................394
Removed Attributes ..............................................................................................................396
New DOCTYPE .......................................................................................................................397
HTML 5 – First Example ........................................................................................................398
New Input Types ....................................................................................................................399
New Input Attributes ............................................................................................................408
<audio> ...................................................................................................................................418
<video>....................................................................................................................................419
<article> ..................................................................................................................................421
Semantic Tags ........................................................................................................................422
<details> and <summary> ....................................................................................................424
<figure> and <figcaption> ....................................................................................................425
<datalist> ................................................................................................................................426
<progress> ..............................................................................................................................429
<meter>...................................................................................................................................430
<output> .................................................................................................................................431
Local Storage..........................................................................................................................433
Session Storage......................................................................................................................435
Geo Location ..........................................................................................................................437
Web Workers ..........................................................................................................................440
Drag and Drop ........................................................................................................................442
Offline Apps ...........................................................................................................................446
Server Sent Events ................................................................................................................449
Canvas .....................................................................................................................................452
SVG ..........................................................................................................................................454

C S S 3 .......................................................................................................................455
Introduction to CSS 3 ............................................................................................................456
Resize ......................................................................................................................................457
Word Wrap ..............................................................................................................................459
RGBA........................................................................................................................................460
Border Radius .........................................................................................................................462
Shadow ....................................................................................................................................465
Multiple Columns ..................................................................................................................467
Transitions ..............................................................................................................................469
Animations..............................................................................................................................475
Transformations ....................................................................................................................479
Gradient Colors ......................................................................................................................489
Font Face ................................................................................................................................490
B o o t s t r a p ............................................................................................................493
Introduction to Bootstrap ....................................................................................................494
“container” class ....................................................................................................................497
“lead” class .............................................................................................................................498
Text Alignment ......................................................................................................................500
Text Colors .............................................................................................................................502
Tables ......................................................................................................................................503
Background Colors ................................................................................................................504
Buttons ...................................................................................................................................505
Button Size .............................................................................................................................507
Glyphicons ..............................................................................................................................508
Show / Hidden ........................................................................................................................518
Images .....................................................................................................................................519
Jumbotron ..............................................................................................................................520
Pagination...............................................................................................................................521
Alerts .......................................................................................................................................522
Panels ......................................................................................................................................524
DropDown...............................................................................................................................526
NavBar .....................................................................................................................................528
Breadcrumbs ..........................................................................................................................530

Progressbar ............................................................................................................................531
Tabs .........................................................................................................................................532
Grid System ............................................................................................................................534
Forms .......................................................................................................................................537
Carousel ..................................................................................................................................539
Carousel with Content ..........................................................................................................541
Modal Plugin ..........................................................................................................................543
NavBar with Sub Menus ........................................................................................................545
j Q u e r y ....................................................................................................................547
Introduction to jQuery ..........................................................................................................548
Downloading jQuery .............................................................................................................550
“$” function ............................................................................................................................551
“html( )” function...................................................................................................................552
jQuery – First Example ..........................................................................................................553
Val( ) ........................................................................................................................................554
jQuery – Event Handling .......................................................................................................555
The “click( )” function ...........................................................................................................556
The “dblclick( )” function ......................................................................................................558
The “mouseover( )” function and “mouseout( )” function ...............................................560
The “hover( )” function .........................................................................................................562
The “mousemove( )” function ..............................................................................................564
The “focus( )” function ..........................................................................................................566
The “keyup( )” function.........................................................................................................568
The “keypress( )” function ....................................................................................................569
The “change( )” function .......................................................................................................571
The “on( )” function ...............................................................................................................576
The “off( )” function ..............................................................................................................578
The “contextmenu” event ....................................................................................................579
The “cut”, “copy”, “paste” events .......................................................................................580
The “data( )” function ...........................................................................................................582
Effects .....................................................................................................................................584
Manipulating Attributes .......................................................................................................594
Manipulating CSS ...................................................................................................................598

Animations..............................................................................................................................605
document.ready( ) .................................................................................................................613
Selectors .................................................................................................................................615
Tag Selector............................................................................................................................617
ID Selector ..............................................................................................................................618
Class Selector .........................................................................................................................619
Compound Selector ...............................................................................................................621
Grouping Selector..................................................................................................................622
Child Selector (or) Descendent Selector ............................................................................624
Direct Child Selector .............................................................................................................627
Adjacent Siblings Selector....................................................................................................629
Adjacent One Sibling Selector .............................................................................................630
:first filter ...............................................................................................................................631
:last filter ................................................................................................................................633
:even filter ..............................................................................................................................634
:odd filter ................................................................................................................................635
:eq filter ..................................................................................................................................636
:gt filter ...................................................................................................................................638
:lt filter ....................................................................................................................................640
:not filter .................................................................................................................................642
Attribute Selector .................................................................................................................644
Attribute Selector - Not ........................................................................................................646
Attribute Selector – Starts With ..........................................................................................648
Attribute Selector – Ends With ............................................................................................650
Attribute Selector – Contains ..............................................................................................652
:contains filter ........................................................................................................................654
:has filter .................................................................................................................................656
:empty filter ...........................................................................................................................658
:first-child filter......................................................................................................................660
:last-child filter.......................................................................................................................662
:nth-child filter .......................................................................................................................664
:only-child filter .....................................................................................................................666
parent( ) ..................................................................................................................................668

next( ) ......................................................................................................................................669
prev( ) ......................................................................................................................................670
siblings( ) .................................................................................................................................671
children( ) ................................................................................................................................672
index( ) ....................................................................................................................................673
Form Filters ............................................................................................................................674
Table Styles ............................................................................................................................682
Get html( ) ...............................................................................................................................685
Get text( )................................................................................................................................686
Set html( ) ...............................................................................................................................687
Set text( ) ................................................................................................................................688
before( ) ..................................................................................................................................689
prepend( ) ...............................................................................................................................690
append( ) .................................................................................................................................691
after( ) .....................................................................................................................................692
insertBefore( )........................................................................................................................693
prependTo( ) ...........................................................................................................................694
appendTo( ) ............................................................................................................................695
insertAfter( ) ..........................................................................................................................696
wrap( ) .....................................................................................................................................697
wrapAll( ) ................................................................................................................................698
empty( ) ...................................................................................................................................699
remove( ) .................................................................................................................................700
replaceWith( ).........................................................................................................................701
Append – Advanced Examples .............................................................................................702
jQuery – JavaScript Objects - Examples .............................................................................706
CDN..........................................................................................................................................713
Photo Slideshow ....................................................................................................................714
j Q u e r y U I .............................................................................................................716
Introduction to jQuery UI .....................................................................................................717
datepicker( ) ...........................................................................................................................719
spinner( ) .................................................................................................................................720
autocomplete( ) .....................................................................................................................721

tooltip( ) ..................................................................................................................................722
resizable( ) ..............................................................................................................................723
draggable( ) ............................................................................................................................724
droppable( ) ............................................................................................................................725
selectable( ) ............................................................................................................................727
sortable( ) ...............................................................................................................................729
accordion( ) .............................................................................................................................731
tabs( ).......................................................................................................................................733
dialog( ) ...................................................................................................................................735
buttonset( ) ............................................................................................................................737
menu( ) ....................................................................................................................................738
progressbar( ) .........................................................................................................................740
slider( ) ....................................................................................................................................741
Color Animation .....................................................................................................................742
Easing Effects.........................................................................................................................744
addClass( ) with animation ...................................................................................................746
removeClass( ) with animation ............................................................................................748
Effects .....................................................................................................................................750
j Q u e r y V a l i d a t i o n s ......................................................................................752
jQuery Validations .................................................................................................................753
A J A X ........................................................................................................................756
Introduction to AJAX ............................................................................................................757
The “XMLHttpRequest” class...............................................................................................759
AJAX – NodeJS – Simple - Example .....................................................................................761
AJAX – NodeJS – Get - Example ..........................................................................................764
AJAX – NodeJS – Search - Example .....................................................................................767
AJAX – NodeJS – Post - Example .........................................................................................771
AJAX – NodeJS – Post - Example .........................................................................................774
AJAX – NodeJS – Put - Example...........................................................................................777
AJAX – NodeJS – Delete - Example .....................................................................................780
AJAX – .NET – Simple - Example ..........................................................................................783
AJAX – .NET – Get - Example ................................................................................................786
AJAX – .NET – Search - Example ..........................................................................................790

AJAX – .NET – Post - Example ..............................................................................................794
AJAX – .NET – Put - Example ................................................................................................798
AJAX – .NET – Delete - Example ..........................................................................................802
jQuery AJAX ...........................................................................................................................805
jQuery AJAX – NodeJS – Simple - Example ........................................................................806
jQuery AJAX – NodeJS – Get - Example..............................................................................809
jQuery AJAX – NodeJS – Search - Example ........................................................................813
jQuery AJAX – NodeJS – Post - Example ............................................................................817
jQuery AJAX – NodeJS – Put - Example ..............................................................................821
jQuery AJAX – NodeJS – Delete - Example ........................................................................825
jQuery AJAX – .NET – Simple - Example .............................................................................829
jQuery AJAX – .NET – Get - Example ...................................................................................832
jQuery AJAX – .NET – Search - Example .............................................................................836
jQuery AJAX – .NET – Post - Example .................................................................................840
jQuery AJAX – .NET – Put - Example ...................................................................................844
jQuery AJAX – .NET – Delete - Example .............................................................................848
jQuery AJAX – .NET – Grid - Example ..................................................................................851
A n g u l a r J S ...........................................................................................................857
Introduction to AngularJS ....................................................................................................858
Downloading AngularJS .......................................................................................................859
AngularJS Library Files .........................................................................................................860
AngularJS – First Example ....................................................................................................862
ng-app .....................................................................................................................................863
Expressions.............................................................................................................................864
Directives ................................................................................................................................865
ng-init ......................................................................................................................................866
ng-bind ....................................................................................................................................868
Data Bindings .........................................................................................................................869
ng-model .................................................................................................................................871
ng-show ...................................................................................................................................872
ng-hide ....................................................................................................................................873
ng-if .........................................................................................................................................874
ng-disabled .............................................................................................................................875

ng-src .......................................................................................................................................876
ng-class....................................................................................................................................877
ng-click ....................................................................................................................................878
ng-dblclick ..............................................................................................................................880
ng-focus and ng-blur .............................................................................................................882
ng-keyup .................................................................................................................................883
ng-keypress ............................................................................................................................884
ng-mouseover and ng-mouseout ........................................................................................885
ng-mousemove ......................................................................................................................887
ng-change ...............................................................................................................................888
Modules ..................................................................................................................................890
MVC .........................................................................................................................................892
$rootScope .............................................................................................................................896
Nested Views .........................................................................................................................899
Login ........................................................................................................................................902
Registration ............................................................................................................................904
Filters ......................................................................................................................................907
ng-repeat ................................................................................................................................909
Animations..............................................................................................................................915
AngularJS AJAX .....................................................................................................................918
AngularJS AJAX – NodeJS – Simple - Example ..................................................................920
AngularJS AJAX – NodeJS – Get - Example........................................................................924
AngularJS AJAX – NodeJS – Search - Example ..................................................................928
AngularJS AJAX – NodeJS – Post - Example ......................................................................932
AngularJS AJAX – NodeJS – Put - Example ........................................................................936
AngularJS AJAX – NodeJS – Delete - Example ..................................................................940
AngularJS AJAX – NodeJS – Grid - Example ......................................................................944
AngularJS AJAX – .NET – Simple - Example .......................................................................951
AngularJS AJAX – .NET – Get - Example .............................................................................954
AngularJS AJAX – .NET – Search - Example .......................................................................958
AngularJS AJAX – .NET – Post - Example ...........................................................................962
AngularJS AJAX – .NET – Put - Example .............................................................................966
AngularJS AJAX – .NET – Delete - Example .......................................................................970

AngularJS AJAX – .NET – Grid - Example ............................................................................973
Validations..............................................................................................................................980
$q .............................................................................................................................................985
$watch .....................................................................................................................................990
Dependency Injection ...........................................................................................................992
Custom Components.............................................................................................................994
Custom Values .......................................................................................................................995
Custom Factories ...................................................................................................................998
Custom Services.................................................................................................................. 1003
Custom Filters ..................................................................................................................... 1006
Custom Providers ............................................................................................................... 1008
Custom Directives .............................................................................................................. 1012
Routing................................................................................................................................. 1016
Jasmine ................................................................................................................................ 1019

Fundamentals of WAD /
UI Technologies

Introduction to WAD / UI Technologies
Inroduction to WAD / UI Technologies
• WAD course covers all the client side web technologies.
• To create a real-time web sites (that can interact with the database), you
should use “WAD + any one server side web technology”.
• WAD Course:
1. HTML 4
2. XHTML
3. CSS 2.1
4. Static Web Design
5. Responsive Web Design
6. JavaScript
7. HTML 5
8. CSS 3
9. Bootstrap
10. jQuery
11. jQuery UI / Plugins
12. AJAX
13. AngularJS

Fundamentals of WAD / UI Technologies
Fundamentals of WAD / UI Technologies
• Application: It is a program (compiled program) that runs based on the
operating system.
• Client: It is a machine or device (desktop, laptop, tablet, phone or Smart TV),
which can access the data from server.
• Browser: It is software (tool) installed on the client, to see the output of the
web page. User gives input in the browser and gets the output in the browser.
o Important browsers:
▪ Google Chrome
▪ Mozilla Firefox
▪ Microsoft Internet Explorer
▪ Microsoft Edge
▪ Apple Safari
▪ Android Browser
▪ Opera
• Server: It is a machine that serves data to clients.
• Web Server: It is a software installed on the server, which serves websites to
browser. A server can have any no. of web servers.
• Web site: It is a folder in the web server, where the servable data will be
stored. A web server can have any no. of web sites.
• Web application: It is a collection of web components, which is stored in the
web site.
• Web Component: It is a file present in the web application. Web components
are two types:
o Static Web Component: Provides same output for all requests. Ex:
HTML files, CSS files, Image files etc.
o Dynamic Web Component: Provides differnet output for each request.
Ex: ASPX files

• Web technologies: These are programming languages that are used to

develop (create) web applications.
• Types of web technologies: Web technologies are two types. 1) Client side
web technologies. 2) Server side web technologies
• Client side web technologies: These are the programming languages or
concepts, which code executes on the client (browser). Ex: HTML, CSS,
JavaScript, jQuery, AngularJS, Bootstrap, AJAX etc.
• Server side web technologies: These are the programming languages or
concepts, which code executes on web server. Ex: .NET, Java, PHP, Ruby on
Rails etc.
• MIME Types: Represents type of data (content).
o text/plain
o text/html
o text/css
o text/javascript
o application/json
o text/xml
o image/png
o image/jpeg
o audio/mp3
o video/mp4

• Character Encoding Formats: The characters (alphabets, digits or symbols)
are converted into equivalent numbers based on “character encoding
formats”.
o ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange): It
contains standard characters only.
▪ A-Z: 65 to 90
▪ a-z: 97 to 122
▪ 0-9: 48 to 57
▪ Space: 32
▪ Backspace: 8
o Unicode: It is the extension of ASCII. Unicode includes with all language
characters worldwide.
• Http: It is a protocol, which provides a set of rules to send request to server

and get response from server.
• HTTP Status Codes: Represents type of data (content).
o 100: Continue
o 200: OK
o 302: Redirection
o 304: Not Modified
o 400: Bad Request
o 401: Unauthorized
o 404: Page not found
o 500: Internal Server Error
• Http Request: It is a HTTP message sent from client to server.

• Http Response: It is a HTTP message sent from server to client.


HTML

Introduction to HTML
Introduction to HTML
• HTML stands for “Hypertext Markup Language”. “Hypertext” means “the text
that can be transferred from internet server to internet client”.
• HTML is a markup language. A markup language is a language that syntax will
be in the form of tags.
• HTML is used to design web pages. That means HTML is used to create
elements (such as headings, paragraphs, icons, menus, logos, images,
textboxes, buttons etc.) in the web pages.
• HTML is easy language to understand.
• HTML is “client side language”. That means the html code executes on the
client (browser).
• HTML is supported by all the browsers such as Google Chrome, Mozilla
Firefox, Microsoft Internet Explorer, Safari, Opera and other browsers.
• HTML is used developed by “Tim Berners-Lee” and maintained by “W3C”
(World Wide Web).
• HTML is used in all real web sites today.
• The file extension should be “.html”.
• HTML is the interpreter-based language. That means the HTML code will be
converted into machine language in line-by-line format. Browser interprets
HTML code.
• HTML is not a case sensitive language. That means you can write the html
code in either upper case or lower case.
Tag
• A tag is a keyword, enclosed within “<” and “>” in HTML language.
• Syntax: <tag>

Types of tags
• Tags are two types:
1. Paired tags: Contains starting tag and ending tag. Ex: <h1>hello</h1>
2. Unpaired tags: Contains single tag only (no separate ending tag).
Ex: <hr>
Installing EditPlus
Go to https://www.editplus.com
Click on “Download EditPlus Text Editor”

If your machine is 32-bit machine, click on “Download (1.95 MB)”.
If your machine is 64-bit machine, click on “Download 64-bit (2.18 MB)”.
If you click on “Download 64-bit” option, you will get a file “epp430_64bit.exe”.

Double click on “epp430_64bit.exe” file.
Click on “Accept”.
Click on “Yes” to run as administrator.

Click on “Start Copy”.
Click on OK.
EditPlus Installation is finished.
Open “Start” – “EditPlus”.

Click on “Yes”.
Click on OK.
Click on “Enter Registration Code”.

Enter the following registration code:
Name: Harsha
Serial: 5ACBF-6AA58-14Z84-6AW10-ADT3D

Click on “Register”.

HTML – First Example
Syntax of HTML Program
• Every html program should have the following syntax:
<html>
<head>
Non Content here
</head>
<body>
Content here
</body>
</html>
First Example in HTML:

• Open Notepad / Edit Plus.
• Type the following program:
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome</title>
</head>
<body>
Hello, World
</body>
</html>
• Go to “File” menu and click on “Save”.

• Type the file name as “first.html”.
• Select the folder as “c:\html”.
• Click on “Save”.
• Go to “c:\html” folder and double click on “Page1.html”.
• It opens “first.html” in browser (Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Internet
Explorer etc.).

• You will get the output as follows:
<html>
• <html> tag represents starting and ending point of the htm lprogram.
• Syntax:
<html> </html>
• Example:
<html> </html>
<head>
• <head> tag represents non content information of the page.
• Syntax:
<head> </head>
• Example:
<head> </head>
<body>
• <body> tag represents content information of the page.
• Syntax:
<body> </body>
• Example:
<body> </body>

<title>
• <title> tag is used to specify the title of the web page that appears in the
browser’s title bar.
• <title> tag should be used in <head> tag only.
• <head> tag is used to specify non-content information of the page.
• <title> is a paired tag.
• Syntax:
<title>Title here</title>
• Example:
<title>My title</title>

Headings
<h1>
• It is used to create first level heading (main heading).
• It is a paired tag.
• Syntax:
<h1>heading here</h1>
• Example:
<h1>Heading 1 here</h1>
<h2>
• It is used to create second level heading (sub heading).
• Syntax:
• Example:
<h3>
• It is used to create third level heading (sub heading).
• Syntax:
• Example:
<h4>
• Syntax:
• Example:

<h5>
• Syntax:
• Example:
<h6>
• Syntax:
• Example:
Example on Headings:
<html>
<head>
<title>Headings</title>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>

Paragraphs
<p>
• It is used to create a paragraph.
• Syntax:
<p>paragraph here</p>
• Example:
<p>Hello.</p>
Example on <p>:
<html>
<head>
<title>Paragraphs</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Paragraphs</h1>
<p>Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting
industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard dummy text ever
since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and
scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five
centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining
essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of
Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with
desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of
Lorem Ipsum.</p>
<p>It is a long established fact that a reader will be distracted by the
readable content of a page when looking at its layout. The point of using
Lorem Ipsum is that it has a more-or-less normal distribution of letters, as
opposed to using 'Content here, content here', making it look like readable
English. Many desktop publishing packages and web page editors now use
Lorem Ipsum as their default model text, and a search for 'lorem ipsum' will
uncover many web sites still in their infancy. Various versions have
evolved over the years, sometimes by accident, sometimes on purpose
(injected humour and the like)</p>
<p>There are many variations of passages of Lorem Ipsum available,
but the majority have suffered alteration in some form, by injected
humour, or randomised words which don't look even slightly believable. If

you are going to use a passage of Lorem Ipsum, you need to be sure there
isn't anything embarrassing hidden in the middle of text. All the Lorem
Ipsum generators on the Internet tend to repeat predefined chunks as
necessary, making this the first true generator on the Internet. It uses a
dictionary of over 200 Latin words, combined with a handful of model
sentence structures, to generate Lorem Ipsum which looks reasonable. The
generated Lorem Ipsum is therefore always free from repetition, injected
humour, or non-characteristic words etc.</p>
</body>
</html>

Text Formatting Tags
<b>
• It is used to display the text in bold.
• Syntax:
<b>bold text</b>
• Example:
<b>Hello</b>
Example of <b>:
<html>
<head>
<title>Bold</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Bold</h1>
This is normal text. <b>This is bold text.</b>
</body>
</html>
<i>
• It is used to display the text in italic.
• Syntax:
<i>italic text</i>
• Example:
<i>Hello</i>
Example of <i>:
<html>
<head>
<title>Italic</title>
</head>
<body>

<h1>Italic</h1>
This is normal text. <i>This is italic text</i>
</body>
</html>
<u>
• It is used to display the text in underline.
• Syntax:
<u>underline text</u>
• Example:
<u>Hello</u>
Example on <u>:
<html>
<head>
<title>Underline</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Underline</h1>
This is normal text. <u>This is underline text</u>
</body>
</html>
<strike>
• It is used to display the text in strikeout.
• Syntax:
<strike>strikeout text</strike>
• Example:
<strike>Hello</strike>

Example on <strike>:
<html>
<head>
<title>Strikeout</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Strikeout</h1>
This is normal text.
<strike>This is strikeout text</strike>
</body>
</html>
<strong>
• It is used to display the text in strong.
• The strong tag content will be pronounced strongly in screen readers for the
blind people.
• Syntax:
<strong>strong text</strong>
• Example:
<strong>Hello</strong>
Example on <strong>:
<html>
<head>
<title>Strong</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Strong</h1>
<b>This is bold text.</b>
<strong>This is strong text</strong>
</body>
</html>

<em>
• It is used to display the text in emphasis (special status).
• The strong tag content will be pronounced stylishly in screen readers for the
blind people.
• Syntax:
<em>emphasis text</em>
• Example:
<em>Hello</em>
Example on <em>:
<html>
<head>
<title>Emphasis</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Emphasis</h1>
<i>This is italic text</i>
<em>This is emphasis text</em>
</body>
</html>
<sup>
• It is used to display the text in superscript (The text appears a bit upper side
of normal line).
• Syntax:
<sup>superscript text</sup>
• Example:
<sup>Hello</sup>

Example on <sup>:
<html>
<head>
<title>Superscript</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Superscript</h1>
1<sup>st</sup>
</body>
</html>
<sub>
• It is used to display the text in subscript (The text appears a bit bottom side
of normal line).
• Syntax:
<sub>subscript text</sub>
• Example:
<sub>Hello</sub>
Example on <sub>:
<html>
<head>
<title>Subscript</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Subscript</h1>
1<sub>st</sub>
</body>
</html>

<br>
<br>
• It is used to moves the cursor to the next line.
• It is an unpaired tag.
• Syntax:
<br>
• Example:
<br>
Example on <br>:
<html>
<head>
<title>Br</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Br</h1>
One<br>Two<br>Three
</body>
</html>

<hr>
<hr>
• It is used to display a horizontal line (horizontal ruler).
• Syntax:
<hr>
• Example:
<hr>
Example on <hr>:
<html>
<head>
<title>Hr</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hr</h1>
One<hr>Two
</body>
</html>

<pre>
<pre>
• It is used to display the text as-it-is, along with the spaces and line breaks.
• Syntax:
<pre>your text here</pre>
• Example:
<pre>
one two
three four five
</pre>
Example on <pre>:
<html>
<head>
<title>Pre</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Pre</h1>
one two
three four five
<hr>
<pre>
one two
three four five

</pre>
</body>
</html>

<abbr>
Attributes
• Attributes are the details about the tag (command).
• Every tag has its own set of attributes.
• Attribute contains a value; The value should be written inside the double
quotes.
• Syntax: <tag attribute=”value”></tag>
<abbr>
• It is used to display full-form of a short-form when the user places mouse
pointer on it.
• Syntax:
<abbr title="full form here">short form here</abbr>
• Example:
<abbr title="as soon as possible">ASAP</abbr>
Example on <abbr>:
<html>
<head>
<title>Abbr</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Abbr</h1>
<abbr title="as soon as posssible">asap</abbr>
</body>
</html>

<bdo>
<bdo>
• It is used to display full-form of a short-form when the user places mouse
pointer on it.
• Syntax:
<bdo dir="rtl">your text here</bdo>
• Example:
<bdo dir="rtl">Hai how are you</bdo>
• Attributes:
1. dir:
▪ ltr: It displays the text in left-to-right.
▪ rtl: It displays the text in right-to-left.
Example on <bdo>:
<html>
<head>
<title>Bdo</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Bdo</h1>
<p>Hai how are you</p>
<p> <bdo dir="rtl">Hai how are you</bdo> </p>
</body>
</html>

<img>
<img>
• It is used to display an image in the web page.
• Syntax:
<img src="image path here">
• Example:
<img src="img1.jpg" width="200px" height="130px" title="this is
tooltip">
• Attributes:
1. src:
▪ It is used to specify path of the image file. If the image file and
html file both are in the same folder, no need to specify the full
path of the image.
2. width:
▪ It is used to specify width (horizontal size) of the image.
3. height
▪ It is used to specify height (vertical size) of the image.
4. title
▪ It is used to specify the tooltip (that appears when the user
places mouse pointer on the image).
5. alt
▪ It is used to specify the alternate text (that appears when the
image is not loaded in the browser at run time).
Example on <img>:
<html>
<head>
<title>Img</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Img</h1>
<img src="img1.jpg" width="200px" height="130px" title="this is
tooltip" alt="This is alternate text">
</body>
</html>
Note: Place “img1.jpg” in the current folder.

<a>
<a>
• It is used to create a hyperlink. When the user clicks on the hyperlink, the
specified web page or web site will be opened.
• Syntax:
<a href="target url here">link text here</a>
• Example:
<a href="http://www.google.com">Google</a>
• Attributes:
1. href:
▪ It is used to specify the address of web page or web site that is
to be opened when the user clicks on the hyperlink.
2. target="_blank":
▪ It is used to open the target web page or web site in a separate
browser tab.
Example on <a>
Page1.html
<html>
<head>
<title>Page 1</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Page 1</h1>
<a href="page2.html">Go to page 2</a>
</body>
</html>

Page2.html
<html>
<head>
<title>Page 2</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Page 2</h1>
<a href="page1.html">Go to page 1</a>
</body>
</html>
Example on internet links:

<html>
<head>
<title>Hyperlinks</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hyperlinks</h1>
<a href="http://www.facebook.com">Facebook</a>
<a href="http://www.microsoft.com">Microsoft</a>
</body>
</html>
Example on target:
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hyperlinks</h1>
<a href="http://www.google.com" target="_blank">Google</a>
</body>
</html>

Example on file links:
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hyperlinks</h1>
<p> <a href="vodafone.jpg">Click here to open image file</a> </p>
<p> <a href="Document1.docx">Click here to open doc file</a> </p>
<p> <a href="Sample.pdf">Click here to open pdf file</a> </p>
<p> <a href="rain.mp3">Click here to open audio file</a> </p>
<p> <a href="trailer.mp4">Click here to open video file</a> </p>
</body>
</html>
Note: Place “vodafone.jpg”, “document1.docx”, “sample.pdf”, “rain.mp3”,

“trailer.mp4” in “c:\html” folder.
Example on <a> with <img>:

<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hyperlinks</h1>
<a href="http://www.vodafone.in">
<img src="vodafone.jpg" width="200px">
</a>
</body>
</html>
Note: Place “vodafone.jpg” in the current folder.

Example on <a> with internal links:
<html>
<head>
<title>internal links</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="#first">India</a>
<a href="#second">UK</a>
<a href="#third">US</a>
<h1 id="first">India</h1>
<p>India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is
the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country
with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the
world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the
south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the south-east, it shares land
borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-
east; and Burma and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in
the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India's Andaman and
Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.</p>
<h1 id="second">UK</h1>
<p>The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) and Britain, is a sovereign
state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The
country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the
island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only
part of the UK that shares a land border with another state—the Republic
of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the
Atlantic Ocean in the west and north, the North Sea in the east, the English
Channel in the south and the Irish Sea in the west.</p>
<h1 id="third">US</h1>
<p>The United States of America (USA), commonly called the United
States (US or U.S.) and America, is a federal constitutional republic
consisting of fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated
mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states
and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and
Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south.
The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the
east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is
an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several
territories in the Pacific and Caribbean. At 3.79 million square miles (9.83

million km2) and with around 315 million people, the United States is the
third- or fourth-largest country by total area, and the third-largest by
both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically
diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration
from many countries. The geography and climate of the United States is
also extremely diverse and is home to a variety of species.</p>
</body>
</html>
Example on <a> with page navigation:

Countries.html
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hyperlinks</h1>
<a href="india.html">India</a>
<a href="uk.html">UK</a>
<a href="us.html">US</a>
</body>
</html>
india.html
<html>
<head>
<title>India</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>India</h1>
<p>India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is
the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country
with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the

world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the
south-west, and the Bay of Bengal on the south-east, it shares land
borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north-
east; and Burma and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in
the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives; in addition, India's Andaman and
Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.</p>
</body>
</html>
uk.html
<html>
<head>
<title>UK</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>UK</h1>
<p>The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) and Britain, is a sovereign
state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The
country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the
island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only
part of the UK that shares a land border with another state—the Republic
of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the
Atlantic Ocean in the west and north, the North Sea in the east, the English
Channel in the south and the Irish Sea in the west.</p>
</body>
</html>

us.html
<html>
<head>
<title>US</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>US</h1>
<p>The United States of America (USA), commonly called the United
States (US or U.S.) and America, is a federal constitutional republic
consisting of fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated
mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states
and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and
Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south.
The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the
east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is
an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several
territories in the Pacific and Caribbean. At 3.79 million square miles (9.83
million km2) and with around 315 million people, the United States is the
third- or fourth-largest country by total area, and the third-largest by
both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically
diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration
from many countries. The geography and climate of the United States is
also extremely diverse and is home to a variety of species.</p>
</body>
</html>

List tags
<ul>
• UL stands for “Unordered List”.
• It is used to display the list of items with bullets.
• Inside <ul> tag, you should place one or more <li> tags.
• Syntax:
<ul>
<li>text here</li>
<li>text here</li>
…
</ul>
• Example:
<ul>
<li>India</li>
<li>UK</li>
<li>US</li>
<li>Canada</li>
</ul>
Example on <ul>:
<html>
<head>
<title>Unordered List</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Unordered List</h1>
<ul>
<li>India</li>
<li>UK</li>
<li>US</li>
<li>China</li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>

<ol>
• OL stands for “Ordered List”.
• It is used to display the list of items with numbers.
• Inside <ol> tag, you should place one or more <li> tags.
• Syntax:
<ol>
<li>text here</li>
<li>text here</li>
…
</ol>
• Example:
<ol>
<li>India</li>
<li>UK</li>
<li>US</li>
</ol>
Example on <ol>:
<html>
<head>
<title>Ordered List</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Ordered List</h1>
<ol>
<li>India</li>
<li>UK</li>
<li>US</li>
<li>China</li>
</ol>
</body>
</html>

<dl>
• DL stands for “Definition List”.
• It is used to display a collection of definitions.
• Inside <dl> tag, you should place one or more <dt> and <dd> tags.
• <dt> and <dd> tags are also paired tags.
• <dt> is used to specify definition title.
• <dd> is used to specify definition data.
• Syntax:
<dl>
<dt>title here</dt>
<dd>definition here</dd>
<dt>title here</dt>
<dd>definition here</dd>
…
</dl>
• Example:
<dl>
<dt>HTML</dt>
<dd>HTML is used to design web pages.</dd>
<dt>CSS</dt>
<dd>CSS is used to apply styles.</dd>
<dt>JavaScript</dt>
<dd>JavaScript is used to create functionality.</dd>
</dl>
Example on <dl>:
<html>
<head>
<title>Definition List</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Definition List</h1>
<dl>
<dt>HTML</dt>
<dd>HTML is used to create elements in the web page.</dd>
<dt>CSS</dt>
<dd>CSS is used to apply styles in the web page.</dd>

<dt>JavaScript</dt>
<dd>JavaScript is used to create functionality in the web page.</dd>
</dl>
</body>
</html>

Table tags
<table>
• <table> tag is used to display table type of data in the web page.
• A table is a collection of rows. Each row is a collection of cells.
• A table is represented as <table> tag; A row is represented as <tr>; A cell is
represented as <td>.
• Inside the <table> tag, we have to use <tr>; Inside the <tr> tag, we have to
use <td>.
• If the cell is representing the column heading, you can use <th> tag, instead
of <td> tag.
• <caption> tag is used to specify a title for the table.
• “tr” stands for “Table row”.
• “td” stands for “Table data”.
• “th” stands for “Table header”.
• <table>, <tr>, <th>, <td> and <caption> tags are paired tags.
• Syntax:
<table>
<tr>
<td>data here</td>
<td>data here</td>
…
</tr>
…
</table>
• Example:
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td>One</td>
<td>Two</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Three</td>
<td>Four</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Five</td>
<td>Six</td>
</tr>
</table>

• Attributes of <table> tag:
1. border
▪ “0”: No border
▪ “1”: with border
• Attributes of <td> or <th> tag:
1. rowspan
▪ “n”: Specifies the no. of rows to merge. The current cell occupies
the space of ‘n’ no. of cells.
2. colspan
▪ “n px”: Specifies the no. of pixels distance between cell border
and cell content.
Example on simple use of <table>:

<html>
<head>
<title>Table - Basic Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Table - Basic Example</h1>
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td>One</td>
<td>Two</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Three</td>
<td>Four</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Five</td>
<td>Six</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>

Example on <table>:
<html>
<head>
<title>Table - Students</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Table - Students</h1>
<table border="1">
<caption>Students</caption>
<tr>
<th>Sl. No</th>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Marks</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>John</td>
<td>89</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td>Scott</td>
<td>45</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td>Allen</td>
<td>64</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>

Example on colspan attribute:
<html>
<head>
<title>Table - Colspan</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Table - Colspan</h1>
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td colspan="3">.NET</td>
<td colspan="3">Java</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C#.NET</td>
<td>ASP.NET</td>
<td>ADO.NET</td>
<td>Core Java</td>
<td>Adv Java</td>
<td>J2EE</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
Example on rowspan attribute:

<html>
<head>
<title>Table - Rowspan</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Table - Rowspan</h1>
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td rowspan="3">.NET</td>
<td>C#.NET</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ASP.NET</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>ADO.NET</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="3">Java</td>
<td>Core Java</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Adv Java</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>J2EE</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>

<iframe>
<iframe>
• <iframe> tag is used to display another web page or web site within the
current web page.
• Iframe stands for “inline frame”.
• <iframe> is a paired tag.
• Syntax:
<iframe src="web site address here" width="n px" height="n px">
</iframe>
• Example:
<iframe src="http://www.airtel.in/" width="400px" height="300px">

</iframe>
• Attributes of <iframe> tag:
1. src
▪ “web site path”: Specifies the web site or web page path that is
to be displayed in the iframe.
2. width
▪ “n px”: Specifies the horizontal size of the iframe.
3. height
▪ “n px”: Specifies the vertical size of the iframe.
4. frameborder
▪ “n px”: Specifies border of the iframe.
Example on <iframe>:
<html>
<head>
<title>Iframe</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Iframe</h1>
<iframe src="http://www.lipsum.com" width="400px"
height="300px">
</iframe>
</body>
</html>

Example on youtube video with <iframe>:
<html>
<head>
<title>Iframe - Youtube</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Iframe - Youtube</h1>
Enjoy the video:<br>
<iframe width="560" height="315"
src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/EJmlCNGGzdo" frameborder="0"
allowfullscreen></iframe>
</body>
</html>
Example on navigation with <iframe>:

Index.html
<html>
<head>
<title>Index</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Index</h1>
<a href="home.html" target="myiframe">Home</a>
<a href="about.html" target="myiframe">About</a>
<a href="contact.html" target="myiframe">Contact</a>
<br>
<iframe name="myiframe" width="100%" height="400px"
src="home.html"></iframe>
</body>
</html>

home.html
<html>
<head>
<title>Home</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Home page</h1>
</body>
</html>
about.html
<html>
<head>
<title>About</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>About page</h1>
</body>
</html>
contact.html
<html>
<head>
<title>Contact</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Contact Page</h1>
</body>
</html>

HTML Entities
HTML Entities
• HTML Entities are pre-defined codes for displaying special symbols within the
web page.
• HTML Entities are case sensitive. These must be used in lower case only.
Result Description Entity Name Entity Number

non-breaking space
< less than < <
> greater than > >
& ampersand & &
¢ cent ¢ ¢
£ pound £ £
¥ yen ¥ ¥
€ euro € €
§ section § §
© copyright © ©
® registered trademark ® ®
™ trademark ™ ™
Example on HTML Entities:

<html>
<head>
<title>Entities</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Entities</h1>
<h1>HTML entities</h1>
hai hello<br>
<br>
hai hello<br>
®<br>
©<br>
™<br>
£<br>

₹<br>
¢<br>
<<br>
><br>
&<br>
</body>
</html>

<meta>
<meta>
• <meta> tag is used to specify meta data (additional details) about the web
page.
• <meta> tag provides information about the web page. Google like search
engines will display your web page in the google search results, whenever one
or more keywords are matching. You must upload your web page in the
internet server to really use this.
• <meta> tag is an unpaired tag.
• Example:
<meta name="keywords" content="Sony, Television, Price,

Hyderabad">
<meta name="description" content="Sony LED BRAVIA Prices">
<meta name="author" content="Harsha">
Example on <meta> tag:

<html>
<head>
<title>Meta</title>
<meta name="keywords" content="wad, full, free, material, html, css,
javascript, jquery, angularjs, bootstrap">
<meta name="description" content="This web page contains full WAD
material">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-
8">
</head>
<body>
<h1>Meta</h1>
</body>
</html>

Forms
<input>
• <input> tag is used to create a form control (form element).
• Form elements such as Textbox, Checkbox, Radio button, Browser button,
submit button etc.
• <input> is an unpaired tag.
• Syntax:
<input type="option here">
• Example:
<input type="text">
• Attributes of <input> tag:
1. type
▪ “text”: Creates textbox. Textbox is used to accept a string value
from the user.
▪ “password”: Creates password textbox. Password textbox is
used to accept a password from the user.
▪ “submit”: Creates a submit button. Submit button is used to
submit the form to the server page.
▪ “image”: Creates a “image submit” button. Submit button is
used to submit the form to the server page.
▪ “button”: Creates a normal button. You can call “JavaScript Click
event” when the user clicks on the button.
▪ “checkbox”: Creates a check box. Checkbox is used to display
Yes/No type of option to the user.
▪ “radio”: Creates a radio button. Radiobutton is used to display
two or more options to the user and allow the user to select any
one of them. The “name” of radio buttons should be same to
group-up them.
▪ “hidden”: Creates a hidden field. Hidden field will not be appear
in the web page; but will be submitted to the server.
▪ “file”: Creates a file browse button. Browse button is used for
“attachment” option.

▪ “reset”: Creates a reset button. Reset button clears all fields
(textboxes and others) within the current form.
2. maxlength
▪ Specifies the maximum no. of characters that can be typed in
the textbox.
3. readonly="readonly"
▪ Makes the textbox as readonly; so that the user can see the
value but can’t type anything the textbox.
4. tabindex
▪ Specifies tab order.
5. value
▪ Represents the current value of the input element.
6. name
▪ Represents programmatic name of the input element that will
be submitted to the server.
7. id
▪ Represents identification name of the input element that can
be used in html, css, and javascript to get the element
programmatically.
8. src
▪ Used to specify the path of the image in case of <input
type="image">
9. width
▪ Used to specify the width of the image in case of <input
type="image">
10. height
▪ Used to specify the height of the image in case of <input
type="image">

11. checked=”checked”
▪ Used to check the checkbox or radio button, in case of <input
type=”checkbox”> or <input type=”radio”>
12. disabled=”disabled”
▪ Used to disable the button.
Example on Textboxes:
<html>
<head>
<title>textbox</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>textbox</h1>
Name <input type="text"><br>
Mobile <input type="text"><br>
Email <input type="text">
</body>
</html>
Example on Password TextBox:

<html>
<head>
<title>password</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>password</h1>
Password <input type="password">
</body>
</html>

Example on CheckBox:
<html>
<head>
<title>checkbox</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>checkbox</h1>
<input type="checkbox">I accept license agreement
</body>
</html>
Example on CheckBox - Checked:

<html>
<head>
<title>checkbox - checked</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>checkbox - checked</h1>
<input type="checkbox" checked="checked">I accept license
agreement
</body>
</html>
Example on Radio Buttons:

<html>
<head>
<title>radio</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>radio</h1>
Bank account type:
<input type="radio" name="bankaccount">Savings account
<input type="radio" name="bankaccount">Current account
<input type="radio" name="bankaccount">Loan account
</body>
</html>

Example on Radio Button - Checked:
<html>
<head>
<title>radio - checked</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>radio - checked</h1>
Bank account type:
<input type="radio" name="bankaccount"
checked="checked">Savings account
<input type="radio" name="bankaccount">Current account
<input type="radio" name="bankaccount">Loan account
</body>
</html>
Example on File Browse Button:

<html>
<head>
<title>file browse</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>file browse</h1>
<input type="file">
</body>
</html>
<form>
• <form> tag is used to group-up the input elements; so that we can submit the
entire form to the server.
• A form is a collection of form elements such as <input>, <textarea> and
<select>.
• <form> is a paired tag.
• Syntax:
<form action="server page address here" method="get">
form elements here
</form>

• Example:
<form action="http://localhost/serverpage.aspx" method="get">

<input type=”text” name=”Username”>
<input type=”submit”>
</form>
• Attributes of <form> tag:
1. action: Used to specify the server page address to which the form is to
be submitted.
2. method:
 get:
▪ Displays the parameter names and values in the
browser’s address bar.
▪ Useful for searching and retrieving the data from
database.
 post
▪ Hides the parameter names and values in the browser’s
address bar and allows you to pass the data in hidden
format.
▪ Useful for insert, update, delete, registration and login
operations.
Example on <form> tag:

<html>
<head>
<title>form</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>form</h1>
<form>
Email <input type="text"><br>
Password <input type="password"><br>
<input type="checkbox">I accept license agreement<br>
Gender:
<input type="radio" name="gender">Male
<input type="radio" name="gender">Female<br>
Photo:
<input type="file">

</form>
</body>
</html>
Example on reset button:

<html>
<head>
<title>reset</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>reset</h1>
<form>
Email <input type="text"><br>
Password <input type="password"><br>
<input type="checkbox">I accept license agreement<br>
Gender:
<input type="radio" name="gender">Male
<input type="radio" name="gender">Female<br>
Photo:
<input type="file"><br>
<input type="reset" value="Clear">
</form>
</body>
</html>
Example on Submit button:

<html>
<head>
<title>Submit</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Submit</h1>
<form action="http://localhost/someaddress">
First Name:
<input type="text" name="firstname"><br>

Last Name:
<input type="text" name="lastname"><br>
<input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
Example on Login Form:

<html>
<head>
<title>login</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Login</h1>
Username: <input type="text" name="username"><br>
Password: <input type="password" name="password"><br>
<input type="submit" value="Login">
</form>
</body>
</html>
Example on Registration Form:

<html>
<head>
<title>Registration</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Registration</h1>
<table>
<tr>
<td>Name:</td>
<td><input type="text" name="personname"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Password:</td>
<td><input type="password" name="password"></td>

</tr>
<tr>
<td>News Letters:</td>
<td><input type="checkbox" name="newsletters"
value="yes"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Gender:</td>
<td>
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="m">Male
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="f">Female
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Photo:</td>
<td><input type="file" name="photo"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input type="submit" value="Register"></td>
<td><input type="reset"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Example on Post Submit Button:

<html>
<head>
<title>Post</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Post</h1>
<form action="http://localhost/someaddress" method="post">
Username:
<input type="text" name="username"><br>
</form>
</body>
</html>

Example on Image Submit Button:

<html>
<head>
<title>Image</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Image</h1>
Username:
<input type="image" src="ok.png" width="20px" height="20px">
</form>
</body>
</html>
Note: Copy and paste “ok.png” into “c:\html” folder.
<button>
• <button> tag is used to display a submit button with image and text.
• <button> is a paired tag.
• Syntax:
<button>
<img src="image file path here">
Text here
</button>
• Example:
<button>
<img src="ok.png">
<br>
OK
</button>

Example on <button> tag:
<html>
<head>
<title>Button Tag</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Button Tag</h1>
Username:
<button><img src="tick.png" width="25px"><br>OK</button>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Note: Place “tick.png” in the current folder.
Example on general button:

<html>
<head>
<title>Button</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Button</h1>
<input type="button" value="OK">
</body>
</html>
Example on hidden field:

<html>
<head>
<title>Hidden</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hidden</h1>
<input type="hidden" name="x" value="100">

</form>
</body>
</html>
Example on readonly:
<html>
<head>
<title>Readonly</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Readonly</h1>
Bill amount (readonly):
<input type="text" value="1000" readonly="readonly">
</body>
</html>
Example on TextBox disabled:

<html>
<head>
<title>TextBox Disabled</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>TextBox Disabled</h1>
Bill amount (disabled):
<input type="text" value="1000" disabled="disabled">
</body>
</html>
Example on Button disabled:

<html>
<head>
<title>Disabled</title>
</head>

<body>
<h1>Disabled</h1>
<input type="submit" disabled="disabled">
</form>
</body>
</html>
Example on Maxlength:
<html>
<head>
<title>Maxlength</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Maxlength</h1>
Person name (30 characters):
<input type="text" maxlength="30">
</body>
</html>
Example on Tabindex:
<html>
<head>
<title>Tabindex</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Tabindex</h1>
Name: <input type="text" tabindex="1"><br>
Landline: <input type="text" tabindex="3">
Mobile: <input type="text" tabindex="2">
</body>
</html>

<label>
• <label> tag is used to create field heading.
• When the user clicks on the label, cursor will be appeared in the associated
textbox automatically.
• <label> is a paired tag.
• Syntax:
<label for="id of textbox here">label text here</label>
• Example:
<label for="TextBox1">Username</label>
• Attributes of <label> tag:

1. for: Used to specify the id of the textbox that is associated with the
textbox.
Example on <label> tag:

<html>
<head>
<title>Label</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Label</h1>
<label for="txt1">First Name:</label>
<input type="text" id="txt1"><br>
<label for="txt2">Last Name:</label>
</form>
</body>
</html>

<select>
• <select> tag is used to create a dropdownlist or listbox.
• DropDownList is used to display few options to the user and allow the user
to select any one of them.
• ListBox is used to display few options to the user and allow the user to select
one or more of them.
• Inside <select> tag, you should use <option> tags. Each <option> tag
represents an option in the drop downlist.
• Optionally, <optgroup> tag can be used to group-up the <option> tags.
• <select>, <option> and <optgroup> tags are paired tags.
• Syntax:
<select name="name here">

<option value="short name here">Full name here</option>
<option value="short name here">Full name here</option>
…
</select>
• Example:
<select name="PaymentMode">
<option value="Select">Select</option>
<option value="DC">Debit Card</option>
<option value="CC">Credit Card</option>
<option value="NB">Net Banking</option>
</select>
• Attributes of <select> tag:

1. multiple="multiple": Used to convert the dropdownlist as listbox.
Example on Dropdownlist:
<html>
<head>
<title>Dropdownlist</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Dropdownlist</h1>
Country:
<select name="country">
<option>Please Select</option>

<option>India</option>
<option>China</option>
<option>UK</option>
<option>USA</option>
<option>Japan</option>
</select>
<br>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Example on OptGroup:
<html>
<head>
<title>Optgroup</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Optgroup</h1>
Bank:
<select name="bank">
<optgroup label="Top Banks">
<option value="icic">ICICI Bank</option>
<option value="hdfc">HDFC Bank</option>
<option value="sbi">State Bank of India</option>
</optgroup>
<optgroup label="Other Banks">
<option value="axis">Axis Bank</option>
<option value="cb">Canara Bank</option>
<option value="boi">Bank of India</option>
<option value="iob">Indian Overseas Bank</option>
</optgroup>
</select>
<br>
</form>
</body>
</html>

Example on ListBox:
<html>
<head>
<title>Listbox</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Listbox</h1>
Bank:<br>
<select name="bank" multiple="multiple">
<optgroup label="Top Banks">
<option value="icic">ICICI Bank</option>
<option value="hdfc">HDFC Bank</option>
<option value="sbi">State Bank of India</option>
</optgroup>
<optgroup label="Other Banks">
<option value="axis">Axis Bank</option>
<option value="cb">Canara Bank</option>
<option value="boi">Bank of India</option>
<option value="iob">Indian Overseas Bank</option>
</optgroup>
</select>
<br>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Example on Dropdownlist - Selected:

<html>
<head>
<title>Selected</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Selected</h1>
Country:
<select name="country">

<option selected="selected">UK</option>
</select>
<br>
</form>
</body>
</html>
<textarea>
• <textarea> tag is used to create a multi-line textbox.
• <textarea> tag is a paired tag.
• Syntax:
<textarea name="name here" rows="no. of rows" cols="no. of
columns">
</textarea>
• Example:
<textarea name="comments" rows="5" cols="25"></textarea>
Example on Textarea:
<html>
<head>
<title>Textarea</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Textarea</h1>
Comments:<br>
<textarea name="comments" rows="5" cols="25"></textarea><br>
</form>
</body>
</html>

<fieldset>
• <fieldset> tag is used to display a box around a set of fields.
• <fieldset> tag is a paired tag.
• Syntax:
<fieldset>
Your textboxes here
</fieldset>
• Example:
<fieldset>
<input type=”text”><br>
<input type=”text”>
</fieldset>
Example on Fieldset:
<html>
<head>
<title>Fieldset</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Fieldset</h1>
<fieldset>
Username: <input type="text"><br>
Password: <input type="password"><br>
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</fieldset>
</form>
</body>
</html>

<legend>
• <legend> tag is used to display a title for the fieldset.
• <legend> tag is a paired tag.
• Syntax:
<fieldset>
<legend>title here</legend>
Your textboxes here
</fieldset>
• Example:
<fieldset>
<legend>User details</legend>
<input type=”text”> <br>
<input type=”text”>
</fieldset>
Example on Legend:
<html>
<head>
<title>Fieldset and Legend</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Fieldset and Legend</h1>
<fieldset>
<legend>Login</legend>
Username: <input type="text"><br>
Password: <input type="password"><br>
</fieldset>
</form>
</body>
</html>

<div> and <span>
<div>
• <div> is a container.
• Inside <div> tag you can place any content like normal text or any other html
tags.
• When you want to divide your web page as no. of parts, each part is
represented as <div> tag.
• <div> is a paired tag.
• Syntax:
<div>
Your content here
</div>
• Example:
<div>
Hello
</div>
<span>
• <span> represents a small amount of text, for which you can apply some
special formatting.
• <span> is a paired tag.
• Syntax:
<span>Your content here</span>
• Example:
<span>Hello</span>

DOCTYPE
<!DOCTYPE>
• DOCTYPE is a directive in HTML, which tells the browser about the version of
html that you are using in the web page.
• Various versions of html have various DOCType’s.
1. HTML 4
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
2. XHTML
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0
Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-
strict.dtd">
3. HTML 5
<!DOCTYPE html>

Deprecated Tags
HTML 4 – Deprecated Tags
• The following tags are deprecated (not recommended) in html 4.
1. <marquee>
2. <font>
3. <bgsound>
4. <frameset>
5. <frame>
6. <basefont>
7. <applet>
8. <tt>
9. <center>
10. <u>
11. <acronym>
12. <big>
13. <dir>
14. <strike>

XHTML

Introduction to XHTML
Introduction to XHTML
• XHTML is “HTML” + “set of rules to maintain good quality and standards” in
the html code.
• XHTML is the strict and cleaner version of HTML, recommended by W3C

(World Wide Web Consortium).
• XHTML was released in 2000.
• In realtime, XHTML is recommended.

XHTML Rules
XHTML Rules
1. <!DOCTYPE> is must.
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
2. <html>, <head>, <title>, <body> tags are must.
3. A <meta> tag with “content-type” is mandatory.

<meta http-equiv="Content-type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8">
That means the html file has the content of “text/html” type; and the
character encoding format is “UTF” (Unicode Transformation Format), which
supports all world wide language characters.
4. “xmlns” attribute is must for <html> tag.

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
An “xmlns” (XML namespace) contains all the pre-defined html tags.
5. XHTML tags and attribtues must be in lower case only.

Ex: <h1>hello</h1>
6. Attribute’s values should be in double quotes.

Ex: <img src=”img1.jpg”>
7. All the paired tags must be closed.

Ex: <p>Hello</p>
8. All the unpaired tags must be end with “/”.

Ex: <br />
9. The inner-most tags should be closed first.

Ex: <p><b><i>Hello</i></b></p>
10. Attribute minification not allowed. We must write both attribute and value.
Ex: readonly=”readonly”

Additional XHTML Rules
1. The following tags are only allowed in <body> tag directly. All other tags must
be used only inside any of the following tags.
o <p>
o <table>
o <div>
o <ul>
o <ol>
o <h1> to <h6>
2. “alt” attribute is must for <img> tag.
XHTML – Online Validator

• Open browser: Ex: Mozilla Firefox
• Go to https://validator.w3.org.
• Click on “Validate by File Upload”.
• Click on “Browse”.
• Select the html file. Ex: xhtml.html
• Click on “Check”.
• It shows the list of errors or “Passed” message.

XHTML - Example
xhtml.html
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"

"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>this is title</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8" />
</head>
<body>
<h1>hai</h1>
<p>
<input type="text" />
<b> <i>this is bold and italic</i> </b>
<input type="checkbox" checked="checked" />
</p>
<hr />
</body>
</html>

CSS

Introduction to CSS
Introduction to CSS
• CSS stands for “Cascading Style Sheet”.
• CSS is a “styling language”, which is used to apply styles to the html elements
in the web page.
• CSS styles include with backgrounds, colors, margins, borders, paddings,
alignments etc.
• Syntax of CSS:
<style type=”text/css”>
Css code here
</style>
• Syntax of CSS Style Definition:

selector
{
property: value;
property: value;
}
CSS Selectors
• “Select” is a syntax to select the desired elements.
• CSS supports many selectors. The most important css selectors are:
1. Tag Selector
2. ID Selector

1. Tag Selector
• The “tag selector” selects all the instances of specific tag.
• Syntax: tagname
• Example: p
2. ID Selector
• The “id selector” selects a single tag, based on the “id”.
• “ID” is the “identification name”; it must be unique.
• Syntax: #id
• Example: #p1
First Example on CSS:

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - First Example</title>
<style type="text/css">
p
{
color: green;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>This is para</p>
<p>This is para</p>
<p>This is para</p>
<p>This is para</p>
</body>
</html>

Example on ID Selector:
<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - ID Selector</title>
#p3
{
color: blue;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 2</p>
<p id="p3">para 3</p>
<p>para 4</p>
<p>para 5</p>
</body>
</html>
CSS - Properties
• “Properties” are “details” or “settings” of html tag.
• Every property contains a value.
• Syntax: property: value;
• Example: color: green;

color
“color” property
• This property specifies text color (font color) of the element.
• Syntax: color: colorname;
• Example: color: green;
Example of “color” property

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Color</title>
#p1
{
color: red;
}
#p2
{
color: green;
}
#p3
{
color: blue;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p id="p1">para 1. You can find more information about how Google
uses and stores content in the privacy policy or additional terms for
particular Services.</p>
</body>
</html>

background-color
“background-color” property
• This property specifies background color of the element.
• Syntax: background-color: colorname;
• Example: background-color: green;
Example of “background-color” property

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Background Color</title>
#p1
{
background-color: red;
}
#p2
{
background-color: green;
}
#p3
{
background-color: blue;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>

font-family
“font-family” property
• This property specifies name of the font.
• Syntax: font-family: “fontname”;
• Example: font-family: “Arial”;
Example of “font-family” property

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Font-family</title>
#p1
{
font-family: 'Times New Roman';
color: red;
}
#p2
{
font-family: 'Consolas';
color: green;
}
#p3
{
font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';
color: blue;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p id="p1">para 1.</p>
</body>
</html>

font-size
“font-size” property
• This property specifies size of the font.
• Syntax: font-size: pixels;
• Example: font-size: 30px;
Example of “font-size” property

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Font-size</title>
body
{
font-family: 'Tahoma';
}
#p1
{
font-size: 16px;
color: red;
}
#p2
{
font-size: 30px;
color: green;
}
#p3
{
font-size: 50px;
color: blue;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>

font-weight
“font-weight” property
• This property applies bold.
• Syntax: font-weight: normal | bold;
• Example: font-weight: bold;
Example of “font-weight” property

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Font-weight</title>
body
{
font-size: 24px;
}
#p1
{
font-weight: normal;
color: red;
}
#p2
{
font-weight: bold;
color: green;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
uses and stores content in the privacy policy.</p>
</body>
</html>

font-style
“font-style” property
• This property applies italic.
• Syntax: font-style: normal | italic;
• Example: font-style: italic;
Example of “font-style” property

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Font-style</title>
body
{
font-size: 24px;
}
#p1
{
font-style: normal;
color: red;
}
#p2
{
font-style: italic;
color: green;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>

letter-spacing
“letter-spacing” property
• This property specifies gap between letters.
• Syntax: letter-spacing: pixels;
• Example: letter-spacing: 10px;
Example of “letter-spacing” property

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Letter-spacing</title>
body
{
font-size: 24px;
}
#p1
{
letter-spacing: normal;
color: red;
}
#p2
{
letter-spacing: -3px;
color: green;
}
#p3
{
letter-spacing: 10px;
color: blue;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

</body>
</html>

word-spacing
“word-spacing” property
• This property specifies gap between words.
• Syntax: word-spacing: pixels;
• Example: word-spacing: 10px;
Example of “word-spacing” property

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Word-spacing</title>
body
{
font-size: 24px;
}
#p1
{
word-spacing: normal;
color: red;
}
#p2
{
word-spacing: -10px;
color: green;
}
#p3
{
word-spacing: 20px;
color: blue;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

</body>
</html>

Types of colors
Types of colors
• Colors can be represented in 3 formats.
1. Named colors
2. RGB
3. Hex format
• Named colors:
▪ We can write name of the color directly.
▪ These are limited.
▪ We can’t get exact shade of the color.
▪ Ex: white, black, red, green, orange, pink etc.
▪ It is not recommended in realtime.
• RGB:
▪ RGB formula specifies that the composition of 3 basic colors (red,
green, blue), generates 16 million colors.
▪ Syntax: rgb(red, green, blue)
▪ Red = 0 to 255
▪ Green = 0 to 255
▪ Blue = 0 to 255
▪ Example:
▪ rgb(0, 0, 0) = black
▪ rgb(255, 0, 0) = red
▪ rgb(0, 255, 0) = green
▪ rgb(0, 0, 255) = blue
▪ rgb(255, 255, 0) = yellow
▪ rgb(255, 255, 255) = white
• Hexa decimal format:
▪ “Hexa decimal format” is the shortcut for “RGB”.
▪ Syntax: #redgreenblue

▪ Example:
▪ #ffffff = white
▪ #000000 = black
▪ #ff0000 = red
▪ “Hexa decimal format” is recommended in realtime.
Named colors - Example

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Background Color - Named Colors</title>
#p1
{
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p id="p1">Para 1</p>
</body>
</html>
RGB - Example
<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Background Color - RGB</title>
#p1
{
background-color: rgb(240, 250, 160);
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>

RGB - Example
<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Background Color - RGB</title>
#p1
{
background-color: rgb(240, 250, 160);
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p id="p1">Para 1p>
</body>
</html>
Hexa decimal colors - Example

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Background Color - Hex</title>
#p1
{
background-color: #6fdca3;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>

line-height
“line-height” property
• This property specifies height of the line of text.
• Syntax: line-height: pixels;
• Example: line-height: 10px;
Example of “line-height” property

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Line-height</title>
body
{
font-size: 24px;
}
#p1
{
line-height: normal;
color: red;
}
#p2
{
line-height: 12px;
color: green;
}
#p3
{
line-height: 50px;
color: blue;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
particular Services. You can find more information about how Google uses

and stores content in the privacy policy or additional terms for particular
Services. You can find more information about how Google uses and stores
content in the privacy policy or additional terms for particular
Services.</p>
Services.</p>
Services.</p>
</body>
</html>

text-decoration
“text-decoration” property
• This property specifies underline / overline / strikeout for the text.
• Syntax: text-decoration: none | underline | overline | line-through;
• Example: text-decoration: underline;
Example of “text-decoration” property

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Text-decoration</title>
body
{
font-size: 24px;
}
#p1
{
text-decoration: none;
color: red;
}
#p2
{
text-decoration: underline;
color: green;
}
#p3
{
text-decoration: overline;
color: blue;
}
#p4
{
text-decoration: line-through;
color: hotpink;
}
</style>

</head>
<body>
Services.</p>
Services.</p>
Services.</p>
Services.</p>
</body>
</html>

text-transform
“text-transform” property
• This property specifies uppercase / lowercase / titlecase for the text.
• Syntax: text-transform: none | uppercase | lowercase | capitalize;
• Example: text-transform: underline;
Example of “text-transform” property

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Text-transform</title>
body
{
font-size: 24px;
}
#p1
{
text-transform: none;
color: red;
}
#p2
{
text-transform: uppercase;
color: green;
}
#p3
{
text-transform: lowercase;
color: blue;
}
#p4
{
text-transform: capitalize;
color: hotpink;
}
</style>

</head>
<body>
Services.</p>
Services.</p>
Services.</p>
Services.</p>
</body>
</html>

text-align
“text-align” property
• This property specifies alignment for the text.
• Syntax: text-align: left | right | center | justify;
• Example: text-align: left;
Example of “text-align” property

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Text-align</title>
body
{
font-size: 24px;
}
#p1
{
text-align: left;
color: red;
}
#p2
{
text-align: right;
color: green;
}
#p3
{
text-align: center;
color: blue;
}
#p4
{
text-align: justify;
color: hotpink;
}
</style>

</head>
<body>
Services.</p>
Services.</p>
Services.</p>
Services.</p>
</body>
</html>

text-indent
“text-indent” property
• This property specifies left margin for the first line of the paragraph.
• Syntax: text-indent: pixels;
• Example: text-indent: 10px;
Example of “text-indent” property

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Text-indent</title>
body
{
font-size: 24px;
}
#p1
{
text-indent: 0px;
color: red;
}
#p2
{
text-indent: 20px;
color: green;
}
#p3
{
text-indent: 40px;
color: blue;
}
#p4
{
text-indent: 60px;
color: hotpink;
}
</style>

</head>
<body>
Services.</p>
Services.</p>
Services.</p>
Services.</p>
</body>
</html>

background-image
“background-image” property
• This property specifies background image of the element.
• Syntax: background-image: url(“filename.extension”);
• Example: background-image: url(“sample.png”);
Example of “background-image” property

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Background-image</title>
body
{
font-size: 24px;
}
#p1
{
background-color: skyblue;
background-image: url('sample.png');
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p id="p1">Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and
typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard
dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley
of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not
only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining
Lorem Ipsum. Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and

Lorem Ipsum.</p>
</body>
</html>
Note: Place “sample.png” in the current folder.

background-repeat
“background-repeat” property
• This property specifies repeat mode of the background image.
• Syntax: background-repeat: repeat | no-repeat | repeat-x | repeat-y;
• Example: background-repeat: no-repeat;
Example of “background-repeat” – “no-repeat”:

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - No-repeat</title>
body
{
font-size: 24px;
}
#p1
{
background-repeat: no-repeat;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
essentially unchanged.</p>
</body>
</html>

Example of “background-repeat” – “repeat-x”:
<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Repeat-x</title>
body
{
font-size: 24px;
}
#p1
{
background-repeat: repeat-x;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>

Example of “background-repeat” – “repeat-y”:
<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Repeat-y</title>
body
{
font-size: 24px;
}
#p1
{
background-repeat: repeat-y;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>

background-position
“background-position” property
• This property specifies position of the background image.
• Syntax: background-position: top left | top center | top right |
center left | center center | center right | bottom left |
bottom center | bottom right;
• Example: background-position: top center;
• The “background-position” property will be useful only when “background-
repeat” is set to “no-repeat”.
Example of “background-position” property

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Background-position</title>
body
{
font-size: 24px;
}
#p1
{
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-position: bottom center;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

Lorem Ipsum.</p>
</body>
</html>

background-attachment
“background-attachment” property
• This property specifies whether the background image should be scrolled
along with the text, when the user uses the scrollbars of the web page.
• Syntax: background-attachment: scroll | fixed;
• Example: background-attachment: scroll;
• scroll: “background image” will be scrolled along with the text.
• fixed: “background image” will not be scrolled along with the text.
Example of “background-attachment” property

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Background-attachment</title>
body
{
font-size: 24px;
}
body
{
background-image: url("trees.jpg");
background-attachment: fixed;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of
type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not
Lorem Ipsum. </p>
</body>
</html>
Note: Place “trees.jpg” in the current folder.

list-style-type for <ul>
“list-style-type” property for <ul>
• This property specifies type of the bullet for the <ul> tag.
• Syntax: list-style-type: none | disc | square | circle;
• Example: list-style-type: disc;
Example of “list-style-type” property for <ul>:

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - List-style-type - UL</title>
body
{
font-size: 30px;
}
#list1
{
list-style-type: disc;
}
#list2
{
list-style-type: square;
}
#list3
{
list-style-type: circle;
}
#list4
{
list-style-type: none;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h2>UL - disc</h2>

<ul id="list1">
<li>Google Chrome</li>
<li>Mozilla Firefox</li>
<li>Internet Explorer</li>
<li>Safari</li>
<li>Opera</li>
</ul>
<h2>UL - square</h2>
<ul id="list2">
<li>Safari</li>
<li>Opera</li>
</ul>
<h2>UL - circle</h2>
<ul id="list3">
<li>Safari</li>
<li>Opera</li>
</ul>
<h2>UL - none</h2>
<ul id="list4">
<li>Safari</li>
<li>Opera</li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>

list-style-type for <ol>
“list-style-type” property for <ol>
• This property specifies type of numbering for the <ol> tag.
• Syntax: list-style-type: none | decimal | decimal-leading-zero |
lower-alpha | upper-alpha | lower-roman | upper-roman |
lower-greek;
• Example: list-style-type: decimal;
Example of “list-style-type” property for <ol>:

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - List-style-type - OL</title>
body
{
}
#list1
{
list-style-type: decimal;
}
#list2
{
list-style-type: decimal-leading-zero;
}
#list3
{
list-style-type: lower-alpha;
}
#list4
{
list-style-type: upper-alpha;
}
#list5
{
list-style-type: lower-roman;
}

#list6
{
list-style-type: upper-roman;
}
#list7
{
list-style-type: lower-greek;
}
#list8
{
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h2>OL - decimal</h2>
<ol id="list1">
<li>Safari</li>
<li>Opera</li>
</ol>
<h2>OL - decimal-leading-zero</h2>
<ol id="list2">
<li>Safari</li>
<li>Opera</li>
</ol>
<h2>OL - lower-alpha</h2>
<ol id="list3">
<li>Safari</li>
<li>Opera</li>
</ol>
<h2>OL - upper-alpha</h2>
<ol id="list4">

<li>Safari</li>
<li>Opera</li>
</ol>
<h2>OL - lower-roman</h2>
<ol id="list5">
<li>Safari</li>
<li>Opera</li>
</ol>
<h2>OL - upper-roman</h2>
<ol id="list6">
<li>Safari</li>
<li>Opera</li>
</ol>
<h2>OL - lower-greek</h2>
<ol id="list7">
<li>Safari</li>
<li>Opera</li>
</ol>
<h2>OL - none</h2>
<ol id="list8">
<li>Safari</li>
<li>Opera</li>
</ol>
</body>
</html>

list-style-image
“list-style-image” property
• This property specifies bullet image file path for the list.
• Syntax: list-style-image: url(“filename.extension”);
• Example: list-style-image: url(“tick.gif”);
Example of “list-style-image” property:

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - List-style-image</title>
body
{
font-size: 24px;
}
#list1
{
list-style-image: url("tick.gif");
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
Top most browsers:
<ul id="list1">
<li>Safari</li>
<li>Opera</li>
</ul>
</body>
</html>
Note: Place “tick.gif” in the current folder.

<div> tag
<div> tag
• <div> is the most important tag of html.
• <div> tag represents a division (part) of the page.
• <div> is a container, in which you can place any other elements.
• A web page can have any no. of <div> tags.
• A <div> tag can be placed in another <div> tag also.
• <div> is a paired tag.
• <div> is a block level element. That means it occupies 100% of the width, by
default. So the content next to the <div> tag, appears in the next line.
• Syntax: <div> any content </div>
• Example: <div> Hello </div>
Example of <div> tag:

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Div</title>
body
{
font-size: 24px;
}
#div1
{
background-color: #00ffcc;
}
#div2
{
background-color: #ff3366;
}
#div3
{
background-color: #00ccff;

}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1">div 1</div>
</body>
</html>

“width” and “height” properties
“width” property
• This property specifies horizontal size of the element.
• Syntax: width: pixels;
• Example: width: 200px;
“height” property
• This property specifies vertical size of the element.
• Syntax: height: pixels;
• Example: height: 100px;
Example of “width” and “height” properties:

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Width and Height</title>
body
{
font-size: 24px;
}
#div1
{
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
}
#div2
{
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
}
#div3

{
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>

float
“float” property
• This property displays the elements side-by-side.
• Syntax: float: left | right;
• Example: float: left;
Example of “float – left”:

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Float=Left</title>
body
{
font-size: 24px;
}
#div1
{
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
float: left;
}
#div2
{
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
float: left;
}
#div3
{
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
float: left;
}

</style>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
Example of “float – right”:

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Float=Right</title>
body
{
font-size: 24px;
}
#div1
{
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
float: right;
}
#div2
{
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
float: right;
}
#div3
{
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
float: right;
}
</style>

</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>

clear
“clear” property
• This property cancels the effect of “float” and push the current element to
next line.
• It stops the sequence of “float”.
• Top stop “float:left” sequence, we use “clear:left”.
• Top stop “float:right” sequence, we use “clear:right”.
• Syntax: clear: left | right;
• Example: clear: left;
Example of “clear – left”:

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Clear=left</title>
body
{
font-size: 24px;
}
#div1
{
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
float: left;
}
#div2
{
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
float: left;
}
#div3
{

width: 300px;
height: 300px;
clear: left;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>

border-style, border-width, border-color
“border-style” property
• This property specifies type of the border, around the element.
• Syntax: border-style: none | solid | dotted | dashed | double | inset |
outset | ridge | groove;
• Example: border-style: solid;
“border-width” property
• This property specifies thickness of the border.
• Syntax: border-width: pixels;
• Example: border-width: 5px;
“border-color” property
• This property specifies color of the border.
• Syntax: border-color: any color;
• Example: border-style: red;
Example of “border-style”, “border-width”, “border-color”:

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Border</title>
body
{
font-size: 24px;
}
#div1
{
width: 300px;

height: 300px;
float: left;
border-style: solid; /* none | solid | double | dotted | dashed |
groove | inset | outset */
border-width: 5px;
border-color: red;
}
#div2
{
background-color: #cc33ff;
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
float: left;
border-style: dotted;
border-width: 5px;
border-color: green;
}
#div3
{
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
float: left;
border-style: dashed;
border-width: 5px;
border-color: blue;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1">Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and
typesetting industry.</div>
</body>
</html>

border - shortcut
“border” property
• This property specifies border width, border style and border color, at-a-time,
in shortcut way.
• Syntax: border: borderwidth borderstyle bordercolor;
• Example: border: 5px solid red;
Example of “border” property:

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Border - shortcut</title>
body
{
font-size: 24px;
}
#div1
{
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
float: left;
border: 5px solid red;
}
#div2
{
background-color: #ccccff;
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
float: left;
border: 5px dotted green;
}
#div3
{
width: 300px;

height: 300px;
float: left;
border: 5px dashed blue;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book.</div>
</body>
</html>

border - sides
“border-top” property
• This property specifies border width, border style and border color for top
side only.
• Syntax: border-top: borderwidth borderstyle bordercolor;
• Example: border-top: 5px solid red;
“border-right” property
• This property specifies border width, border style and border color for right
side only.
• Syntax: border-right: borderwidth borderstyle bordercolor;
• Example: border-right: 5px solid red;
“border-bottom” property
• This property specifies border width, border style and border color for
bottom side only.
• Syntax: border-bottom: borderwidth borderstyle bordercolor;
• Example: border-bottom: 5px solid red;
“border-left” property
• This property specifies border width, border style and border color for left
side only.
• Syntax: border-left: borderwidth borderstyle bordercolor;
• Example: border-left: 5px solid red;
Example of “border - sides” property:

<html>
<head>

<title>border-sides</title>
div
{
font-size: 35px;
font-family: Tahoma;
}
#div1
{
background-color: #0099ff;
width: 300px;
height: 100px;
border-left: 10px solid red;
border-top: 10px solid red;
}
#div2
{
width: 300px;
height: 100px;
border-top: 10px solid green;
border-right: 10px solid green;
}
#div3
{
background-color: #ccff99;
width: 300px;
height: 100px;
border-top: 10px solid darkblue;
border-bottom: 10px solid darkblue;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>

margin
“margin” property
• This property specifies the margin (gap) between element to element,
surrounding the element.
• Syntax: margin: pixels;
• Example: margin: 10px;
Example of “margin” property:

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Margin</title>
body
{
font-size: 24px;
}
#div1
{
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
float: left;
margin: 10px;
}
#div2
{
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
float: left;
border: 5px solid green;
margin: 10px;
}
#div3

{
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
float: left;
border: 5px solid blue;
margin: 10px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>

margin - sides
“margin-top” property
• This property specifies the top margin (gap) between element to element.
• Syntax: margin-top: pixels;
• Example: margin-top: 10px;
“margin-right” property
• This property specifies the right margin (gap) between element to element.
• Syntax: margin-right: pixels;
• Example: margin-right: 10px;
“margin-bottom” property
• This property specifies the bottom margin (gap) between element to
element.
• Syntax: margin-bottom: pixels;
• Example: margin-bottom: 10px;
“margin-left” property
• This property specifies the left margin (gap) between element to element.
• Syntax: margin-left: pixels;
• Example: margin-left: 10px;

Example of “margin” property - sides:
<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Margin - separate</title>
body
{
font-size: 24px;
}
#div1
{
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
float: left;
margin-top: 10px;
margin-right: 20px;
margin-bottom: 20px;
margin-left: 5px;
}
#div2
{
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
float: left;
margin-top: 10px;
margin-right: 40px;
margin-left: 5px;
}
#div3
{
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
float: left;

margin-top: 10px;
margin-right: 20px;
margin-left: 5px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>

margin - shortcut
“margin” property - shortcut
• This property specifies the margin (gap) between element to element, all
sides independently at-a-time.
• Syntax: margin: topmargin rightmargin bottommargin leftmargin;
• Example: margin: 10px 5px 15px 30px;
Example of “margin” property - shortcut:

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Margin - shortcut</title>
body
{
font-size: 24px;
}
#div1
{
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
float: left;
margin: 10px 20px 20px 5px;
}
#div2
{
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
float: left;
}
#div3

{
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
float: left;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>

padding
“padding” property
• This property specifies the padding (gap) between border and content of the
element.
• Syntax: padding: pixels;
• Example: padding: 10px;
Example of “padding” property:

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Padding</title>
body
{
font-size: 24px;
}
#div1
{
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
float: left;
margin: 10px;
padding: 20px;
}
#div2
{
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
float: left;
margin: 10px;
padding: 20px;

}
#div3
{
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
float: left;
margin: 10px;
padding: 20px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>

padding - sides
“padding-top” property
• This property specifies the top padding.
• Syntax: padding-top: pixels;
• Example: padding-top: 10px;
“padding-right” property
• This property specifies the right padding.
• Syntax: padding-right: pixels;
• Example: padding-right: 10px;
“padding-bottom” property
• This property specifies the bottom padding.
• Syntax: padding-bottom: pixels;
• Example: padding-bottom: 10px;
“padding-left” property
• This property specifies the left padding.
• Syntax: padding-left: pixels;
• Example: padding-left: 10px;

padding - shortcut
“padding” property - shortcut
• This property specifies the padding for all sides independently at-a-time.
• Syntax: padding: toppadding rightpadding bottompadding leftpadding;
• Example: padding: 10px 5px 15px 30px;

Box Model
Box Model
• Event element has border, margin and padding as follows:

opacity
“opacity” property
• This property makes the element transparent (background information is
visible through the element).
• Syntax: opacity: 0 to 1;
• Example: opacity: 0.6;
• 1 : fully visible
• 0.9, …, 0.1 : transparent
• 0 : fully transparent / invisible
Example of “opacity” property:

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Opacity</title>
body
{
background-image: url('img1.jpg');
}
#div1
{
font-size: 40px;
width: 300px;
height: 200px;
background-color: #009966;
opacity: 0.9; /* 0 to 1 */
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1">div1</div>
</body>
</html>

position
“position” property
• This property specifies position of the element in the web page.
• Syntax: position: static | absolute | relative | fixed;
• Example: position: absolute;
position: static
• The block level elements appear line-by-line; inline elements appear side-by-
side.
• It is the default.
• Syntax: position: static;
• Example: position: static;
Example of “position:static”:
<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - position: static</title>
body
{
font-size: 24px;
}

#div1
{
background-color: #ff66ff;
position: static;
}
#div2
{
background-color: #00cccc;
position: static;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<span>span 1</span>
<span>span 2</span>
</body>
</html>
position: absolute
• It displays the element exactly in the specified position.
• It requires “left” and “top” properties.
• Syntax: position: absolute; left:x: top:y;
• Example: position: absolute; left:50px; top:50px;

Example of “position:absolute”:
<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - position: absolute</title>
body
{
font-size: 24px;
}
#div1
{
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
font-size: 25px;
position: absolute;
left: 200px;
top: 250px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
z-index
• This property specifies the display order (front / back side) of the element.
• Syntax: z-index: n;
• Example: z-index: 1;

Example of “z-index”:
<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - z-index</title>
body
{
font-size: 24px;
}
#div1
{
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
font-size: 25px;
position: absolute;
left: 200px;
top: 250px;
z-index: 3;
}
#div2
{
width: 120px;
height: 120px;
font-size: 25px;
position: absolute;
left: 250px;
top: 170px;
z-index: 2;
}
#div3
{
background-color: #00ff33;
width: 120px;
height: 120px;
font-size: 25px;
position: absolute;
left: 280px;
top: 190px;

z-index: 1;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
position: relative
• It also displays the element based on “x” and “y” co-ordinates (just like
absolute).
• Absolute: x and y co-ordinates will be calculated from the browser.
• Relative: x and y co-ordinates will be calculated from the previous element.
• Syntax: position: relative; left:x: top:y;
• Example: position: relative; left:50px; top:50px;

Example of “position:relative”:
<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - position: relative</title>
body
{
font-size: 24px;
}
#div1
{
height: 400px;
font-size: 25px;
margin: 50px;
padding: 30px;
}
#div2
{
width: 220px;
height: 120px;
font-size: 25px;
}
#div3
{
width: 120px;
height: 120px;
font-size: 25px;
position: relative;
left: 30px;
top: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1">

</div>
</body>
</html>
position: fixed
• It is same as “absolute”. That means the “x” and “y” co-ordinates will be
calculated from the browser.
• When we scroll the web page, the fixed element will not be scrolled; appears
in the fixed position.
• Syntax: position: fixed; left:x: top:y;
• Example: position: fixed; left:50px; top:50px;
Example of “position:fixed”:
<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - position: fixed</title>
body
{
font-size: 24px;
}
#div1
{
width: 300px;
height: 100px;
font-size: 25px;
position: fixed;
left: 300px;
top: 150px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

Lorem Ipsum.</p> <p>Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing
and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry's standard
Lorem Ipsum.</p>
</body>
</html>

display
“display” property
• This property speicifies display mode of the element.
• Syntax: display: block | inline | none;
• Example: display: none;
• “display: block” is default for all the block level elements.
• “display: inline” is default for all the inline elements.
• “display: none” hides the element and its space will be reclaimed by other
elements automatically.
Example of “display” property:

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - display</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
#div1
{
display: block;
}
#div2
{
display: none;
}
#div3
{
background-color: #00cc99;
display: block;
}
</style>

</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>

visibility
“visibility” property
• This property specifies whether the element is visible or invisible in the web
page.
• Syntax: visibility: visible | hidden;
• Example: visibility: hidden;
• “visibility: visible” shows the element.
• “visibility: visible” hides the element and its space will be reserved as-it-is.
Example of “visibility” property:

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - display</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
#div1
{
visibility: visible;
}
#div2
{
visibility: hidden;
}
#div3
{
visibility: visible;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

</body>
</html>

overflow
“overflow” property
• This property specifies how the text should be appear, which is outside the
boundaries of the element.
• Syntax: overflow: visible | hidden | auto;
• Example: overflow: auto;
• “overflow: visible” shows the additional content outside the element, which
doesn’t fit within the element.
• “overflow: hidden” hides the additional content, which doesn’t fit within the
element.
• “overflow: auto” shows scrollbars automatically if necessary.
Example of “overflow:visible” property:

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - overflow - visible</title>
#div1
{
font-size: 25px;
width: 300px;
height: 200px;
overflow: visible;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1">Our Services are very diverse, so sometimes additional
terms or product requirements (including age requirements) may apply.
Additional terms will be available with the relevant Services, and those
additional terms become part of your agreement with us if you use those
Services.</div>
</body>
</html>

Example of “overflow:hidden” property:

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - overflow - hidden</title>
#div1
{
font-size: 25px;
width: 300px;
height: 200px;
overflow: hidden;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
Services.</div>
</body>
</html>
Example of “overflow:auto” property:

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - overflow - auto</title>
#div1
{
font-size: 25px;
width: 300px;
height: 200px;
overflow: auto;

}
</style>
</head>
<body>
Services.</div>
</body>
</html>

Types of Style Sheets
Types of Style Sheets / Types of CSS
• CSS style sheets are 3 types:
1. Internal Style Sheet / Embedded Style Sheet
2. External Style Sheet
3. Inline Style Sheet
1. Internal Style Sheet / Embedded Style Sheet

• The css styles are defined inside the “.html” file itself.
• Advantage: Easy-to-understand.
• Disadvantage: No re-usability. That means, the styles defined in one html file,
can’t be accessed in another html file.
• Syntax:
<style type=”text/css”>
css code
</style>
2. External Style Sheet

• The css styles are defined in a separate “.css” file and html tags are defined in
the “.html” file.
• We can link (connect) the css file with html file.
• Advantage: It supports re-usability. That means, the css file can be called in
many html files.
• Syntax to import css file:
<link href=”filename.css” rel=”stylesheet”>
3. Inline Style Sheet

• The css styles will be defined inside the html tag itself.
• This is NOT recommended in realtime.

• Drawbacks:.
a) HTML code will be cumbersome (confusing).
b) No style re-usability.
• Syntax:
<tag style=”property:value; property:value; …”>
</tag>
Example of External Style Sheet:

StyleSheet.css
h1
{
font-size: 25px;
color: green;
background-color: darkgreen;
color: yellow;
}
Page1.html
<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - External stylesheet - page 1</title>
<link href="StyleSheet.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<h1>hello</h1>
</body>
</html>
Page2.html
<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - External stylesheet - page 2</title>

</head>
<body>
<h1>hai</h1>
</body>
</html>
Example of Inline Style Sheet:

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Inline CSS</title>
</head>
<body>
<p style="background-color:cyan; font-size:40px">para 1</p>
<p style="background-color:cyan; font-size:40px">para 2</p>
</body>
</html>

CSS Selectors
CSS Selectors
• First we have to select the element / elements, and then only we can apply
some styles to it.
• “Selector” is a “syntax to select”. It is used to select the desired elements in
the web page.
• When we use a selector, the browser searches the entire web page for the
matching elements and returns the matching elements; and we apply styles
only for those matching elements.
• List of CSS Selectors
1. Tag Selector
2. ID Selector
3. Class Selector
4. Compound Selector
5. Grouping Selector
6. Child Selector
7. Direct Child Selector
8. Adjacent Siblings Selector
9. Adjacent One Sibling Selector
10. Attribute Selector
11. Hover Selector
12. Focus Selector
13. Universal Selector
14. First-Child Selector
15. Last-Child Selector
16. Nth-Child Selector
17. Nth-Child Even Selector
18. Nth-Child Odd Selector
19. Before Selector
20. After Selector
21. Selection Selector

Tag Selector
Tag Selector
• It selects all the instances of the specified tag.
• Syntax: tag
• Example: p
Example on Tag Selector:

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Tag Selector</title>
p
{
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Tag Selector</h1>
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 2</p>
<p>para 3</p>
<p>para 4</p>
<p>para 5</p>
</body>
</html>

ID Selector
ID Selector
• It selects a single instance of the tag, based on the id.
• “ID” is “identification name”.
• “ID” should be unique (can’t be duplicate) in the web page.
• Syntax: #id
• Example: #p1
Example on ID Selector:
<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - ID Selector</title>
#p2
{
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>ID Selector</h1>
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 3</p>
<p>para 4</p>
</body>
</html>

Class Selector
Class Selector
• It selects one or more elements, based on the class name.
• We use same class for similar elements.
• Syntax: .class
• Example: .c1
Example on Class Selector:

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Class Selector</title>
.c1
{
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Class Selector</h1>
<p>para 1</p>
<p class="c1">para 2</p>
<p>para 3</p>
<p>para 5</p>
</body>
</html>

Compound Selector
Compound Selector
• It selects the instances of specific tag, which have specified class.
• Syntax: tag.class
• Example: p.c1
Example on Compound Selector:

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Compound Selector</title>
/* selecting only <p> tags that have class="class1" */
p.class1
{
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Compound Selector</h1>
<p>para 1</p>
<p class="class1">para 2</p>
<p>para 3</p>
<p>para 5</p>
<input type="text">
<input type="text" class="class1">
<input type="text">
<input type="text" class="class1">
</body>
</html>

Grouping Selector
Grouping Selector
• It selects the specified group of tags.
• Syntax: tag1,tag2,tag3,…
• Example: div,p,h2
Example on Grouping Selector:

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Grouping Selector</title>
/* Selecting all <h1> and all <p> tags */
h1,p,input,span
{
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Grouping Selector</h1>
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 3</p>
<p>para 5</p>
<input type="text" value="hello">
<input type="text" value="hello" class="class1">
<input type="text" value="hello" class="class1">
<span>span 1</span>
<span>span 2</span>
</body>
</html>

Child Selector
Child Selector
• It selects all the child tags (including grand children) of the specified parent
tag.
• Syntax: parenttag childtag
• Example: div p
Example on Child Selector:

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Child Selector</title>
/* Selecting <p> which are children of <div> */
div p
{
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Child Selector</h1>
<div id="div1">
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 2</p>
<p>para 3</p>
<p>para 4</p>
</div>
<p>para 5</p>
<p>para 6</p>
</body>
</html>

Direct Child Selector
• It selects only the direct child tags (excluding grand children) of the specified
parent tag.
• Syntax: parenttag>childtag
• Example: div>p
Example on Direct Child Selector:

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Direct Child selector</title>
div>p
{
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Direct Child Selector</h1>
<div id="div1">
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 2</p>
<p>para 3</p>
<p>para 4</p>
<b>
<p>para 5</p>
<p>para 6</p>
</b>
</div>
<p>para 7</p>
</body>
</html>

Adjacent Siblings Selector
• It selects all the adjacent (next) sibling tags of current tag.
• Syntax: parenttag~childtag
• Example: #p2~p
Example on Adjacent Siblings Selector:

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Adjacent Siblings Selector</title>
div~p
{
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Adjacent Siblings Selector</h1>
<div id="div1">
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 2</p>
<p>para 3</p>
<p>para 4</p>
</div>
<p>para 5</p>
<p>para 6</p>
<p>para 7</p>
<p>para 8</p>
<p>para 9</p>
<p>para 10</p>
</body>
</html>

Adjacent One Sibling Selector
• It selects the immediate next sibling tag of current tag.
• Syntax: currenttag+siblingtag
• Example: div+p
Example on Adjacent One Sibling Selector:

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Adjacent One Sibling Selector</title>
/*Selecting next <p> tag after </div> */
div+p
{
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Adjacent One Sibling Selector</h1>
<div id="div1">
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 2</p>
<p>para 3</p>
<p>para 4</p>
</div>
<p>para 5</p>
<p>para 6</p>
<p>para 7</p>
<p>para 8</p>
<p>para 9</p>
<p>para 10</p>
</body>
</html>

Attribute Selector
Attribute Selector
• It selects all the tags that are having specified attribute.
• Syntax: tag[attribute=”value”]
• Example: img[width=”120px”]
Example on Attribute Selector:

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Attribute selector</title>
/* selecting element based on the attribute value */
img[width='120px']
{
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Attribute Selector</h1>
<img src="img1.jpg" width="100px">
</body>
</html>
Note: Place “img1.jpg”, “img2.jpg”, “img3.jpg”, “img4.jpg”, “img5.jpg”,

“img6.jpg”, “img7.jpg”, “img8.jpg”, “img9.jpg” in the current folder.

Hover Selector
Hover Selector
• It applies the style only when the user places the mouse pointer on the
element, at run time.
• It is also called as “pseudo class”. Whenever the selector starts with “:”, it is
called as “pseudo class”. Pseudo = unrealistic
• Syntax: tag:hover
• Example: p:hover
Example on Hover Selector:

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Hover</title>
p
{
}
p:hover
{
background-color: hotpink;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>hover</h1>
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 2</p>
<p>para 3</p>
<p>para 4</p>
</body>
</html>

Focus Selector
Focus Selector
• It applies the style only when the focus (cursor) is inside the element.
• It is also called as “pseudo class”.
• Syntax: tag:focus
• Example: input:focus
Example on Focus Selector:

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Focus psuedo class</title>
input:focus
{
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>focus psuedo class</h1>
<input type="text"><br>
</body>
</html>

Universal Selector
Universal Selector
• It selects all the tags in the web page (including <html>, <head>, <body> etc.).
• Syntax: *
• Example: *
Example on Universal Selector:

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Universal selector</title>
/* selects all tags in the web page */
*
{
font-family: 'Segoe UI';
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Universal Selector</h1>
<p>para 1</p>
</body>
</html>

First-child selector
First-child Selector
• It selects the child tag, which is the first child of its parent tag.
• Note: Index starts from “1”.
• Syntax: childtag:first-child
• Example: p:first-child
Example on First-child selector:

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - First-child</title>
body
{
font-size: 24px;
}
/* selects first <p> in its parent */
p:first-child
{
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 2</p>
<p>para 3</p>
<p>para 4</p>
<p>para 5</p>
</div>
<div>
<p>para 6</p>
<p>para 7</p>
<p>para 8</p>

<p>para 9</p>
<p>para 10</p>
</div>
<div>
<p>para 11</p>
<p>para 12</p>
<p>para 13</p>
<p>para 14</p>
<p>para 15</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Last-child selector
Last-child Selector
• It selects the child tag, which is the last child of its parent tag.
• Syntax: childtag:last-child
• Example: p:last-child
Example on Last-child selector:

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Last-child</title>
body
{
font-size: 24px;
}
/* selects last <p> in <div> */
p:last-child
{
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 2</p>
<p>para 3</p>
<p>para 4</p>
<p>para 5</p>
</div>
<div>
<p>para 6</p>
<p>para 7</p>
<p>para 8</p>

<p>para 9</p>
<p>para 10</p>
</div>
<div>
<p>para 11</p>
<p>para 12</p>
<p>para 13</p>
<p>para 14</p>
<p>para 15</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Nth-child selector
Nth-child Selector
• It selects the child tag, which is the nth child tag of its parent tag.
• Syntax: childtag:nth-child(n)
• Example: p:nth-child(2)
Example on Nth-child selector:

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Nth-child</title>
body
{
font-size: 24px;
}
/* selects 2nd <p> in <div> */
/* index starts from 1 */
p:nth-child(2)
{
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 2</p>
<p>para 3</p>
<p>para 4</p>
<p>para 5</p>
</div>
<div>
<p>para 6</p>
<p>para 7</p>
<p>para 8</p>

<p>para 9</p>
<p>para 10</p>
</div>
<div>
<p>para 11</p>
<p>para 12</p>
<p>para 13</p>
<p>para 14</p>
<p>para 15</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Nth-child(even) selector
Nth-child(even) Selector
• It selects all the even child tags. Ex: 2, 4, 6, …
• Syntax: childtag:nth-child(even)
• Example: p:nth-child(even)
Example on Nth-child(even) selector:

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Even</title>
/* selects all even <p>. Means 2, 4, 6 */
p:nth-child(even)
{
background-color: #0099cc;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 2</p>
<p>para 3</p>
<p>para 4</p>
<p>para 5</p>
<p>para 6</p>
<p>para 7</p>
<p>para 8</p>
<p>para 9</p>
<p>para 10</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Nth-child(odd) selector
Nth-child(odd) Selector
• It selects all the odd child tags. Ex: 1, 3, 5, …
• Syntax: childtag:nth-child(odd)
• Example: p:nth-child(odd)
Example on Nth-child(odd) selector:

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Odd</title>
/* selects all odd <p>. Means 1, 3, 5 */
p:nth-child(odd)
{
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 2</p>
<p>para 3</p>
<p>para 4</p>
<p>para 5</p>
<p>para 6</p>
<p>para 7</p>
<p>para 8</p>
<p>para 9</p>
<p>para 10</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Before selector
Before Selector
• It inserts an image before (at left side of) the current element.
• It is also called as “pseudo element”.
• Syntax: tag::before
• Example: h1::before
Example on Before selector:

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Before</title>
body
{
font-size: 30px;
}
/* :: means psuedo element */
h1::before
{
content: url('home.jpg');
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>heading</h1>
<h1>heading</h1>
<h1>heading</h1>
<h1>heading</h1>
</body>
</html>
Note: Place “home.jpg” in the current folder.

After selector
After Selector
• It inserts an image after (at right side of) the current element.
• Syntax: tag::after
• Example: h1::after
Example on After selector:

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - After</title>
body
{
font-size: 30px;
}
/* :: means psuedo element */
h1::after
{
content: url('home.jpg');
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>heading</h1>
<h1>heading</h1>
<h1>heading</h1>
<h1>heading</h1>
<h1>heading</h1>
</body>
</html>
Note: Place “home.jpg” in the current folder.

Selection selector
Selection Selector
• It applies the style for the selected text of the web page.
• Syntax for Mozilla Firefox: ::-moz-selection
• Syntax for Other Browsers: ::selection
Example on Selection selector:

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Selection</title>
/* Code for Mozilla Firefox */
::-moz-selection
{
color: red;
background-color: yellow;
}
/* for all remaining browsers */
::selection
{
color: red;
background: yellow;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Select some text on this page:</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
<div>This is some text in a div element.</div>
</body>
</html>

CSS Style Precedence
CSS Style Precedence
• The css styles are applied in the following order (lowest priority to highest
priority).
• The higher priority style overrides the same property’s value of the lower
priority.
1. Browser default style
2. Tag Selector
4. Adjacent Sibling Selector
5. Child Selector
6. Class Selector
8. ID Selector
• Note: “!important” is used to override the “style precedence”.
Example on Style Precedence:

<html>
<head>
<title>Style Precedence</title>
p
{
color: blue;
}
div>p
{
color: red;
}
.c1
{
color: green;
}
#p1
{
color: pink;

}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<p id="p1" class="c1">para 1</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Example on !important:
<html>
<head>
<title>important</title>
p
{
color: blue !important;
}
div>p
{
color: red;
}
.c1
{
color: green;
}
#p1
{
color: pink;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<p id="p1" class="c1">para 1</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Table Styles
Example on Table Styles
<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Table Styles</title>
#table1
{
font-size: 30px;
}
#table1 tr
{
}
#table1 tr:nth-child(1)
{
}
#table1 tr td
{
padding: 5px;
}
#table1 tr th
{
padding: 10px;
}
#table1 tr:hover
{
cursor: pointer;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<table id="table1">
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Email</th>

</tr>
<tr>
<td>Scott</td>
<td>scott@gmail.com</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Allen</td>
<td>allen@gmail.com</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Jones</td>
<td>jones@gmail.com</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>

Hyperlink Styles
Hyperlink Styles
• It is used to apply styles to hyperlinks.
• a:link: Applies styles to unvisited hyperlinks.
• a:hover: Applies styles to hyperlinks, when we place mouse pointer on it.
• a:active: Applies styles to hyperlinks, when we click and hold it.
• a:hover: Applies styles to visited hyperlinks.
Example on Hyperlink Styles:

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Links</title>
<style>
/* unvisited link */
a:link
{
font-size: 20px;
color: white;
padding: 2px;
font-weight: bold;
}
/* mouse over link */

a:hover
{
color: darkgreen;
}
/* selected link */
a:active
{
background-color: darkred;
color: cyan;

}
/* visited link */
a:visited
{
background-color: black;
color: yellow;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<a href="http://www.facebook.com">Facebook</a>
<a href="http://www.twitter.com">Twitter</a>
</body>
</html>

Menubar
Example on Menubar:
<html>
<head>
<title>CSS - Menu Bar</title>
.menubar
{
height: 40px;
font-size: 24px;
width: 800px;
margin: auto;
}
.menubar ul
{
padding: 0px;
}
.menubar ul li
{
display: inline;
width: 200px;
float: left;
height: 40px;
text-align: center;
}
.menubar ul li a
{
line-height: 40px;
}
.menubar ul li:hover
{
cursor: pointer;
}
</style>

</head>
<body>
<div class="menubar">
<ul>
<li><a href="#">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="#">About</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Contact</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Services</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Header
Example on Header:
<html>
<head>
<title>Header</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 25px;
}
*
{
padding: 0px;
margin: 0px;
}
#header
{
background-color: #4867AA;
height: 200px;
}
#leftdiv
{
/*background-color: #00ccff;*/
width: 30%;
float: left;
height: 200px;
}
#rightdiv
{
/*background-color: #00cc99;*/
width: 70%;
float: left;
height: 200px;
color: white;
}
#logoimage
{
margin-left: 40px;
margin-top: 20px;

width: 200px;
}
#rightdiv1
{
/*background-color: #66ff66;*/
width: 30%;
height: 200px;
float: left;
}
#rightdiv2
{
/*background-color: #ff6699;*/
width: 30%;
height: 200px;
float: left;
}
#rightdiv3
{
/*background-color: #cccccc;*/
width: 30%;
height: 200px;
float: left;
}
#cleardiv
{
clear: left;
}
.part1,.part2,.part3
{
margin-top: 10px;
}
#submitbutton
{
background-color: #4867AA;
border-style: ridge;
color: white;
padding: 2px;
}
#forgotlink
{
color: #8CB4C4;

}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="header">
<div id="leftdiv">
<img id="logoimage" src="fb.png" alt="Facebook">
</div>
<div id="rightdiv">
<div id="rightdiv1">
<div class="part1">
Email or phone
</div>
<div class="part2">
<input type="text">
</div>
<div class="part3">

</div>
</div>
<div class="part1">
Password
</div>
<div class="part2">
<input type="password">
</div>
<div class="part3">
<a href="#" id="forgotlink">Forgotten account?</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="part1">

</div>
<div class="part2">
<input type="submit" value="Login" id="submitbutton">
</div>

<div class="part3">

</div>
</div>
<div id="cleardiv">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Note: Place “fb.png” in the current folder.

S ta ti c Pa g e T em p la t e

Static Page Template
Static Page Template
• It is used to create page template (layout).
• Header: Contains company logo, website name, login, logout, search etc.
• Nav: Contains menubar.
• Container: Contains left column and page content.
• Leftcol: Contains left side menu.
• PageContent: Contains actual content of the page.
• Footer: Contains bottom information and links for other related sites.

Example on Static Page Template:
home.html
<html>
<head>
<title>Home Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="outercontainer">
<div id="header">
Header
</div>
<div id="nav">
Nav
</div>
<div id="container">
<div id="leftcol">
Leftcol
</div>
<div id="pagecontent">
Page content
</div>
</div>
<div id="footer">
Footer
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

StyleSheet.css
body
{
font: 20px 'Tahoma';
}
*
{
margin: 0px;
padding: 0px;
}
#outercontainer
{
background-color: #ffccff;
width: 100%;
margin: auto;
}
#header
{
height: 200px;
width: 100%;
}
#nav
{
height: 80px;
width: 100%;
}
#container
{
height: 500px;
width: 100%;
}
#leftcol
{

height: 500px;
width: 20%;
float: left;
}
#pagecontent
{
height: 500px;
background-color: #ccffcc;
width: 80%;
float: left;
}
#footer
{
height: 50px;
width: 100%;
clear: left;
}

Example on Page Navigation using Static Page Template:
home.html
<html>
<head>
<title>Home</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="header">
Header
</div>
<div id="nav">
<a href="home.html">Home</a>
<a href="about.html">About</a>
<a href="contact.html">Contact</a>
</div>
<div id="leftcol">
Leftcol
</div>
Home Page content
</div>
</div>
<div id="footer">
Footer
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

about.html
<html>
<head>
<title>About</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="header">
Header
</div>
<div id="nav">
</div>
<div id="leftcol">
Leftcol
</div>
About Page content
</div>
</div>
<div id="footer">
Footer
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

contact.html
<html>
<head>
<title>Contact</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="header">
Header
</div>
<div id="nav">
</div>
<div id="leftcol">
Leftcol
</div>
Contact Page content
</div>
</div>
<div id="footer">
Footer
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

StyleSheet.css
body
{
font: 20px 'Tahoma';
}
*
{
margin: 0px;
padding: 0px;
}
#outercontainer
{
width: 100%;
margin: auto;
}
#header
{
height: 200px;
width: 100%;
}
#nav
{
height: 80px;
width: 100%;
}
#container
{
height: 500px;
width: 100%;
}
#leftcol
{

height: 500px;
width: 20%;
float: left;
}
#pagecontent
{
height: 500px;
width: 80%;
float: left;
}
#footer
{
height: 50px;
width: 100%;
clear: left;
}

R e s p ons i v e We b D e s ign

Responsive Web Design
Responsive Web Design
• “Responsive Web Design” (RWD) is used to make the web page automatically
fit based on the current device resolution.
• We divide the devices into 4 types, based on the browser width:
1. Large devices: 1200px to unlimited
2. Medium devices: 1024px to 1199px
3. Small devices: 768px to 1023px
4. Extra Small devices: 300px to 767px
Media Queries
• We use “Media Queries” to create responsive web design. The media queries
apply the styles based on the specified resolution.
1. Large devices (1200px to unlimited):
@media (min-width: 1200px)
{
}
2. Medium devices (1024px to 1199px):

@media (min-width: 1024px) and (max-width: 1199px)
{
}
3. Small devices (68px to 1023px):

{
}

4. Extra Small devices (300px to 767px):
{
}
View port meta tag

• This tag tells to the mobile browsers that we are using “responsive web
design”, and don’t treat it as pc-based web page.
• Without viewport meta tag, the mobile browsers treat the web page as pc-
based web page and apply the pc-based media query.
• With viewport meta tag, the mobile browsers apply the appropriate “mobile-
based media query” to the web page.


Example on Responsive Web Design:
home.html
<html>
<head>
<title>Home page</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width">
</head>
<body>




<div id="header">
header content here
</div>



<div id="nav">
nav content here
</div>





<div id="leftcol">
leftcol content here
</div>



<h2>page content here</h2>

</div>

</div>



<div id="footer">
footer content here
</div>

</div>

</body>
</html>
StyleSheet.css
@media (min-width: 1200px)

{
body,input
{
font-size: 28px;
}
*
{
margin: 0px;
padding: 0px;
}
#outercontainer
{
width: 98%;
margin: auto;
}

#header
{
height: 200px;
}
#nav
{
height: 120px;
}
#container
{
}
#leftcol
{
background-color: #ffcccc;
height: 700px;
width: 30%;
float: left;
}
#pagecontent
{
height: 700px;
width: 70%;
float: left;
}
#footer
{
height: 100px;
clear: left;
}
#div1

{
width: 25%;
height: 200px;
float: left;
}
#div2
{
background-color: #cccc99;
width: 25%;
height: 200px;
float: left;
}
#div3
{
width: 25%;
height: 200px;
float: left;
}
#div4
{
background-color: #ffff99;
width: 25%;
height: 200px;
float: left;
}
}

{
body,input
{

font-size: 28px;
}
*
{
margin: 0px;
padding: 0px;
}
#outercontainer
{
width: 98%;
margin: auto;
}
#header
{
height: 200px;
}
#nav
{
height: 120px;
}
#container
{
}
#leftcol
{
height: 700px;
width: 30%;
float: left;
}
#pagecontent

{
height: 700px;
width: 70%;
float: left;
}
#footer
{
height: 100px;
clear: left;
}
#div1
{
width: 33%;
height: 200px;
float: left;
}
#div2
{
width: 33%;
height: 200px;
float: left;
}
#div3
{
width: 34%;
height: 200px;
float: left;
}
#div4
{
width: 100%;

height: 200px;
clear: left;
}

{
body,input
{
font-size: 28px;
}
*
{
margin: 0px;
padding: 0px;
}
#outercontainer
{
width: 98%;
margin: auto;
}
#header
{
height: 200px;
}
#nav
{
height: 120px;

}
#container
{
}
#leftcol
{
height: 150px;
width: 100%;
}
#pagecontent
{
height: 500px;
width: 100%;
}
#footer
{
height: 100px;
clear: left;
}
#div1
{
width: 50%;
height: 200px;
float: left;
}
#div2
{
width: 50%;
height: 200px;
float: left;

}
#div3
{
width: 50%;
height: 200px;
float: left;
clear: left;
}
#div4
{
width: 50%;
height: 200px;
float: left;
}

{
body,input
{
font-size: 28px;
}
*
{
margin: 0px;
padding: 0px;
}
#outercontainer
{

width: 98%;
margin: auto;
}
#header
{
height: 200px;
}
#nav
{
height: 120px;
}
#container
{
}
#leftcol
{
height: 150px;
width: 100%;
}
#pagecontent
{
height: 850px;
width: 100%;
}
#footer
{
height: 100px;
clear: left;
}

#div1
{
width: 100%;
height: 200px;
}
#div2
{
width: 100%;
height: 200px;
}
#div3
{
width: 100%;
height: 200px;
}
#div4
{
width: 100%;
height: 200px;
}

J av aS c ri p t

Introduction to JavaScript
Introduction to JavaScript
• JavaScript is a programming language, which is used to create functionality
in the web page.
• JavaScript is client-side (browser-side) language. That means it executes on
the browser.
• JavaScript is a case sensitive language.
• JavaScript is “interpreter-based” language. That mens the code will be
converted into machine language, line-by-line.
• JavaScript was developed by “Netscape Corporation” in 1996.
Syntax of JavaScript
<script>
Javascript code here
</script>
-- or --
<script>
Javascript code here
</script>
• Note: You can write the <script> tag either in <head> tag or <body> tag also;
however, writing <script> tag at the end of <body> tag is a best practice.
document and document.write()

• “document” is a keyword, which represents “current web page”.
• “write” is a method (function) that displays a value in the web page.
• Syntax: document.write(value);

JavaScript – First Example
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - First Example</title>
body
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Message from html</h1>
<script>
document.write("<h1>Message from javascript</h1>");
</script>
<h1>Message from html</h1>
</body>
</html>

Variables
Variables
• Variable is a “named memory location” in RAM, to store a value temporarily,
while executing the program.
• In JavaScript, the variables will be persisted (stored), while the web page is
running in the browser.
• The value of variable can be changed any no. of times during the web page
execution.
• The data type of the variable can be changed any no. of times during the web
page execution, in JavaScript.
Steps for development of variables

• Declare (create) the variable - optional: var variablename;
• Set value into the variable: variablename = value;
• Get value from the variable: variablename
Data Types
• “Data type” specifies “type of the value”.
• JavaScript supports 6 data types:
1. Number Ex: 10, 10.82
2. String Ex: ‘abc’, “abc”
3. Boolean Ex: true, false
4. Undefined Ex: undefined
5. Function Ex: function( ) {}
6. Object Ex: JSON objects { }

Example on Variables and Data Types
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - variables</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript - variables</h1>
<script>
var a = 10; //integer type (or) numeric
var b = 67.7876; //floating-point
var c = "Hyderabad"; //string
var d = 'Hyderabad'; //string
var e = true; //boolean
var f = false; //boolean
var g; //undefined
var h = null; //null (empty)
document.write(a); //10
document.write("<br>");
document.write(b); //67.7876
document.write(c); //Hyderabad
document.write(d); //Hyderabad
document.write(e); //true
document.write(f); //false
document.write(g); //undefined
document.write(h); //null
</script>
</body>
</html>

Arrays
Arrays
• Array is a collection of multiple values.
• The no. of elements of the array is called as “array size” or “array length”.
• Index (starts from 0) will be maintained for each element automatically.
Steps for development of arrays

• Create an array: var variablename = [ value1, value2, … ];
• Set value into the array element: variablename[index] = value;
• Get value from the array element: variablename[index]
• Get size of the array: variablename.length
• Add new element into the array: variablename.push(element);
• Remove an existing element: variablename.splice(index, no. of
elements to remove);
Example on Arrays
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - arrays</title>
body
{
font-size: 30px;

}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript - arrays</h1>
<script>
var n = [ 10, 20, 50, 150, 220 ];
document.write(n[0]);
</script>
</body>
</html>

Operators
Operators
• Operator is a symbol, which represents an operation.
• JavaScript supports the following types of operators.
1. Arithmetical Operators
2. Assignment Operators
3. Increment and Decrement Operators
4. Relational Operators
5. Logical Operators
6. Concatenation Operator

Arithmetical Operators
Arithmetical Operatrs
+ Addition
- Subtraction
* Multiplication
/ Division
% Remainder
Example on Arithmetical Operators

<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - arithmetical operators</title>
body
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript - arithmetical operators</h1>
<script>
var a = 10, b = 3;
var c = a + b; //addition
var d = a - b; //subtraction
var e = a * b; //multiplication
var f = a / b; //division
var g = a % b; //remainder
document.write(b); //3
document.write(c); //13
document.write(d); //7

document.write(e); //30
document.write(f); //3.3333333333333335
document.write(g); //1
</script>
</body>
</html>

Assignment Operators
Assignment Operatrs
= Assigns to
+= Add and assigns to
-= Subtract and assigns to
*= Multiply and assigns to
/= Divide and assigns to
%= Remainder and assigns to
Example on Assignment Operators

<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - assignment operators</title>
body
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript - assignment operators</h1>
<script>
var a;
a = 100; //assignment operator
var b;
b = a; //assignment operator
document.write(b); //100
a += 10;

a -= 10;
a *= 10;
a /= 10;
a %= 30;
</script>
</body>
</html>

Increment and Decrement Operators
Increment and Decrement Operatrs
++ Increment (+=1)
-- Decrement (-=1)
Example on Increment and Decrement Operators

<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - increment and decrement operators</title>
body
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript - increment and decrement operators</h1>
<script>
var a = 10;
a++; //increment operator

a--; //decrement operator

</script>
</body>
</html>

Relational Operators
Relational Operatrs
== Equal to
!= Not Equal to
< Less than
> Greater than
<= Less than or equal to
>= Greater than or equal to
Example on Relational Operators

<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - relational operators</title>
body
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript - relational operators</h1>
<script>
var x = 100;
var y = 200;
var temp1, temp2, temp3, temp4, temp5, temp6;
temp1 = (x == y);
document.write(temp1); //false
temp2 = (x != y);
document.write(temp2); //true

temp3 = (x < y);

temp4 = (x <= y);

temp5 = (x > y);

temp6 = (x >= y);

</script>
</body>
</html>

Logical Operators
Logical Operatrs
&& And (both conditions should be true)
|| Or (Atleast any one condition should be true)
! Not (given condition will be reverse)
Example on Logical Operators

<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - logical operators</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript - logical operators</h1>
<script>
var x = 100;
var y = 200;
var z = 50;
var temp1 = ( (x<y) && (x>z) );

var temp2 = ( (x<y) || (x<z) );

var temp3 = ( !(x<y) );

</script>
</body>
</html>

Concatenation Operator
Concatenation Operator
+ Attaches two strings and returns a single string.
Ex: “peers” + “tech” = “peerstech”
Number + Number = addition

String + String = concatenation
String + Number = concatenation
Number + String = concatenation
Example on Concatenation Operator

<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - concatenation operator</title>
body
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript - concatenation operator</h1>
<script>
var s1 = "peers";
var s2 = "tech";
var s3;
s3 = s1 + s2; //string + string
document.write(s3); //peerstech
</script>
</body>
</html>

Control Statements
Control Statements
• Control statements are used to control (change) the program execution flow.
• These are used to make the execution flow jump forward / jump backward.
• JavaScript supports two types of control statements:
1. Conditional Control Statements: Used to jump forward.
2. Looping Control Statements: Used to jump backward.
1. Conditional Control Statements

• If
• Switch-case
2. Looping Control Statements

• While
• Do-while
• For

if
If
• “If” statement is used to check a condition, and execute the code only if the
condition is TRUE.
• Types of “if”
1. If
2. If-else
3. Else-if
4. Nested if


Example of “if”:
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - if</title>
body
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript - if</h1>
<script>
var n = 10;
if (n == 10)
{
document.write("<h3>n is equal to 10</h3>");
}
if (n != 10)

{
document.write("<h3>n is not equal to 10</h3>");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Example of “if-else”:
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - if-else</title>
body
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript - if-else</h1>
<script>
var n = 10;
if (n == 10)
{
document.write("<h3>n is equal to 10</h3>");
}
else
{
document.write("<h3>n is not equal to 10</h3>");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Example of “else-if”:
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - else-if</title>
body
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript - else-if</h1>
<script>
var a = 10, b = 20;
if (a < b)
{
document.write("<h3>a is less than b</h3>");
}
else if (a > b)
{
document.write("<h3>a is greater than b</h3>");
}
else
{
document.write("<h3>a and b are equal</h3>");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Example of “nested if”:
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - Nested if</title>
body
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript - Nested if</h1>
<script>
var a = 10, b = 20;
if (a != b)
{
if (a > b)
{
document.write("<h3>a is greater than b</h3>");
}
else
{
document.write("<h3>a is less than b</h3>");
}
}
else
{
document.write("<h3>a and b are equal</h3>");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Switch-case
Switch-case
• It is used to check a variable’s value, whether it matches with any one of the
set of cases, and execute the code of the matched case.
• Syntax:
switch (variable )
{
case value1: code here ; break;
…
}
Example on Switch-case:
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - switch-case</title>
body
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript - switch-case</h1>
<script>
var n = 7;
var monthname;
switch (n)
{
case 1: monthname = "Jan"; break;
case 2: monthname = "Feb"; break;
case 3: monthname = "Mar"; break;

case 4: monthname = "Apr"; break;
case 5: monthname = "May"; break;
case 6: monthname = "Jun"; break;
case 7: monthname = "Jul"; break;
case 8: monthname = "Aug"; break;
case 9: monthname = "Sep"; break;
case 10: monthname = "Oct"; break;
case 11: monthname = "Nov"; break;
case 12: monthname = "Dec"; break;
default: monthname = "Unknown"; break;
}
document.write(monthname);
</script>
</body>
</html>

While
While
• “While” statement is used to execute the code repeatedly, while the
condition is TRUE.
Example on While:
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - while</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript - while</h1>
<script>
var i = 1;
while (i <= 10)
{
document.write(i);
i++;
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Do-While
Do-While
• “Do-while” loop is mostly same as “while” loop.
• The difference is: “while” loop checks the condition for the first time also; but
“do-while” loop doesn’t check the condition for the first time.
Example on Do-While:
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - do-while</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript - do-while</h1>
<script>
var i = 1;
do
{
document.write(i);
i++;
}while(i <= 10);
</script>
</body>
</html>

For
For
• “For” loop is mostly same as “while” loop.
• The difference is: “While” loop has the initialization, condition and iteration
in three different places, so that it will be difficult to understand, if the code
increases. But “for” loop has the initialization, condition and iteration in the
same line, so that it will be easy to understand.
Example on For:
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - for</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript - for</h1>
<script>
var i;
for (i=1; i<=10; i++)
{
document.write(i);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Example 2 on For:
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - for</title>
body
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript - for</h1>
<script>
var i;
document.write("<h3>loop starts</h3>");
for (i=1; i <= 100; i++)
{
if (i % 2 == 0)
{
document.write("<span style='color:green'>");
document.write(i);
document.write(" </span>");
}
else
{
document.write("<span style='color:red'>");
document.write(i);
document.write(" </span>");
}
}
document.write("<h3>loop finished</h3>");
</script>
</body>
</html>

Break
Break
• It is used to stop (terminate) the loop.
Example on Break:
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - break</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript - break</h1>
<script>
var i;
for(i=1; i<=10; i++)
{
document.write(i + "<br>");
if (i == 7)
{
break; //stop loop
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Continue
Continue
• It is used to “skip the current iteration” and go to the “next iteration”.
Example on Continue:
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - continue</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript - continue</h1>
<script>
var i;
for(i=1; i<=10; i++)
{
if (i == 7)
{
continue; //skip the number and goto next number
}
document.write(i + "<br>");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Noscript
Noscript
• It is used to display a message to the user, when the user has disabled
JavaScript in the browser.
• Syntax: <noscript> any message </noscript>
• Example: <noscript> Please enable JavaScript </noscript>
Example on Noscript:
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - noscript</title>
body
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<script>
</script>
<noscript>
<h1>Please enable javascript</h1>
</noscript>
</body>
</html>

Popup boxes
Popup boxes
• Popup box / dialog box is a box in the browser, that shows a small message
to the user.
• JavaScript supports two types of popup boxes:
1. alert( )
2. confirm( )
1. alert( )
• This function is used to display an information message to the user.
• It contains OK button only.
• Syntax: alert(“message”);
• Example: alert(“Hello”);

Example on alert:
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - alert</title>
body
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>alert</h1>
<script>
alert("Hello");
</script>
</body>
</html>
2. confirm( )
• This function is used to display a confirmation dialogbox to the user with OK
and Cancel buttons.
• The confirm( ) function returns “true”, if the user clicks on “OK”.
• The confirm( ) function returns “false”, if the user clicks on “Cancel”.
• Syntax: confirm(“message”);
• Example: confirm(“Are you sure to delete”);

Example on confirm:
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - confirm</title>
body
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>confirm</h1>
<script>
var result = confirm("Are you sure to delete");
document.write(result);
</script>
</body>
</html>

Functions
Functions
• Function is a re-usable “block” of the program, which is a set of statements
with a name.
• The large program can be divided into many parts; each individual part is
called as “function”.
• Functions are re-usable. That means functions can be called anywhere and
any no. of times within the program. Everytme when we call the function, the
execution flow jumps to the function definition; executes the function and
comes back to the calling portion.
Steps for development of functions

• Create the function:
function functionname(arguments)
{
code here
}
Arguments: The values that are passed from “calling portion” to the
“function definition” are called as “arguments” and “parameters”.
Return: The value that is passed from “function definition” to the “calling
portion” is called as “return”.

• Call the function:
functionname(value1, value2, …);
Example 1 on Functions:
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - functions</title>
body
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript - functions</h1>
<script>
function country()
{
document.write("<h3>India</h3>");
}
country();
country();
country();
</script>
</body>
</html>
<html>
<head>
body
{
font-size: 30px;

}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<script>
function country()
{
document.write("<h2>India</h2>");
}
function city()
{
document.write("<h2>Hyderabad</h2>");
country();
}
country();
city();
</script>
</body>
</html>
<html>
<head>
body
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<script>
function add(a,b)
{
var c; //local variable
c = a+b;

return (c);
}
var result;
result = add(10, 20);
document.write(result); //30
var x = 100;
var y = 250;
var result2 = add(x, y);
document.write(result2); //350
</script>
</body>
</html>

DOM
DOM
• DOM (Document Object Model) is the tree structure of html elements (tags)
that are present within the web page.
• When the web page has been opened in the browser, DOM will be
automatically created by the browser.
• The changes made to DOM are called as “DOM manipulations”. DOM
manipulations are performed using JavaScript.
Example:
<html>
<head>
<title>DOM (Document Object Model)</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<h1>Heading</h1>
<p>Paragraph</p>
</div>
<div>
<b>bold</b>
<i>italic</i>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Types of DOM manipulations

I. Modifying existing elements in DOM
II. Adding new elements to DOM
III. Removing existing elements from DOM
I) Modifying Existing Elements in DOM

1. Getting Existing Elements from DOM
2. Changing Content of Existing Elements of DOM
3. Changing Attributes of Existing Elements of DOM
4. Changing CSS Styles of existing elements of DOM
5. Adding Events to Existing Elements of DOM.

Getting Existing Elements from DOM and
Changing Content
1. Getting Existing Elements from DOM
• We can get existing elements from DOM and we can manipulate them, using
JavaScript.
Types of Getting Existing Elements from DOM

A. Getting Elements Based on ID
B. Getting Elements Based on Name
C. Getting Elements Based on Tag
D. Getting Elements Based on Class
A) Getting Elements Based on ID

• Syntax: document.getElementById(“id here”)
• Example: document.getElementById(“div1”)
• This function returns the single matching element.
• ID can’t be duplicate.
B) Getting Elements Based on Name

• Syntax: document.getElementByName(“name”)
• Example: document.getElementByName(“abc”)
• This function returns the elements that have the specified name, as an array.
• “Name” can be duplicate.

C) Getting Elements Based on Tag Name
• Syntax: document.getElementByTagName(“tag name ”)
• Example: document.getElementByTagName(“p”)
• This function returns all instances of the specified tag, as an array.
D) Getting Elements Based on Class Name

• Syntax: document.getElementByClassName(“class name ”)
• Example: document.getElementByClassName(“c1”)
• This function returns all instances that have specified class, as an array.
2. Changing Content of Existing Elements of DOM

• Syntax: innerHTML
• Example: document.getElementById(“p1”).innerHTML
• The “innerHTML property represents the content of the tag, which is present
between opening tag and closing tag. We can set / get the value into the inner
html.
<tag> inner html </tag>

Example on Getting Elements Based on ID:
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - Getting element by id</title>
body
{
font: 30px tahoma;
}
#div1
{
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1">Hello</div>
<script>
document.getElementById("div1").innerHTML = "Hai";
</script>
</body>
</html>
Example 1 on Getting Elements Based on Name:

<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - getElementsByName</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript - getElementsByName</h1>
<div name="div1">Hai</div>

<script>
document.getElementsByName("div1")[1].innerHTML = "Hello";
</script>
</body>
</html>
Example 2 on Getting Elements Based on Name:

<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - getElementsByName 2</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript - getElementsByName 2</h1>
<div name="sample">Hai</div>
<script>
var d = document.getElementsByName("sample");
for (var i = 0; i < d.length; i++)
{
d[i].innerHTML = "Hello";
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Example 1 on Getting Elements Based on Tag Name:
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - getElementsByTagName</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript - getElementsByTagName</h1>
<div>Hello</div>
<div>Hello</div>
<script>
document.getElementsByTagName("div")[1].innerHTML = "Hai";
</script>
</body>
</html>
Example 2 on Getting Elements Based on Tag Name:

<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - Getting elements by tag name</title>
body
{
font: 30px tahoma;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 2</p>
<p>para 3</p>
<p>para 4</p>
<p>para 5</p>

<p>para 6</p>
<script>
var data = document.getElementsByTagName("p");
for (var i=0; i < 6; i++)
{
data[i].innerHTML = "Hai";
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Example 1 on Getting Elements Based on Class Name:

<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - getElementsByClassName</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript - getElementsByClassName</h1>
<div class="c1">Hello</div>
<div class="c1">Hello</div>
<script>
document.getElementsByClassName("c1")[1].innerHTML = "Hai";
</script>
</body>
</html>

Example 2 on Getting Elements Based on Class Name:
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - Getting elements by class name</title>
body
{
font: 30px tahoma;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 4</p>
<p>para 6</p>
<script>
var data = document.getElementsByClassName("c1");
for (var i=0; i < data.length; i++)
{
data[i].innerHTML = "Hai";
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Manpulating Attributes of Existing
Elements of DOM
3. Manipulating Attributes of Existing Elements of DOM
• Attributes are details about the tag.
• By using the following JavaScript functions, we can manipulate the attributes
dynamically at run time.
A. Setting an attribute value

B. Getting the value of an existing attribute
C. Removing an existing attribute
A. Setting an attribute value:

• Syntax: setAttribute(“attribute name ”, “value here ”);
• Example: setAttribute(“src”, “img2.jpg”);
• This function sets (updates / changes) an attribute of an existing element of
DOM.
B. Getting the value of an existing attribute:

• Syntax: getAttribute(“attribute name ”);
• Example: getAttribute(“src”);
• This function gets (retrieves) the value of an attribute of an existing element
of DOM.
C. Removing an existing attribute:

• Syntax: removeAttribute(“attribute name ”);
• Example: removeAttribute(“src”);
• This function removes (deletes) an attribute of an existing element of DOM.

Example on SetAttribute:
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - setAttribute</title>
</head>
<body>
<img src="img1.jpg" id="myimage" width="300px">
<script>
document.getElementById("myimage").setAttribute("src",
"img2.jpg");
</script>
</body>
</html>
Note: Place “img1.jpg”, “img2.jpg” in the current folder.
Example on GetAttribute:
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - getAttribute</title>
</head>
<body>
<img src="img1.jpg" id="myimage" width="300px">
<script>
var a = document.getElementById("myimage").getAttribute("src");
alert(a);
</script>
</body>
</html>

Example on RemoveAttribute:
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - removeAttribute</title>
body,input
{
font: 30px tahoma;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<img src="img1.jpg" id="myimage" width="300px" title="title here">
<script>
document.getElementById("myimage").removeAttribute("title");
</script>
</body>
</html>

Manpulating CSS of Existing Elements of
DOM
4. Manipulating CSS of Existing Elements of DOM
• Syntax: style.propertyname
• Example: syle.backgroundColor
• The “style” property is used to set / get the value of css property.
Example on Manipulating CSS of Existing Elements of DOM

<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - Manipulating CSS</title>
</head>
<body>
<script>
document.getElementById("div1").style.fontFamily = "Comic Sans
MS";
document.getElementById("div1").style.fontSize = "50px";
document.getElementById("div1").style.fontWeight = "bold";
document.getElementById("div1").style.fontStyle = "italic";
document.getElementById("div1").style.width = "500px";
document.getElementById("div1").style.height = "200px";
document.getElementById("div1").style.backgroundColor =
"#006633";
document.getElementById("div1").style.color = "#ccffff";
document.getElementById("div1").style.border = "5px double red";
document.getElementById("div1").style.paddding = "20px";
alert(document.getElementById("div1").style.fontFamily);
</script>
</body>
</html>

Event Handling
Event Handling
• “Event” is a keyboard / mouse action, that is performed by the user, at run
time.
• “Event Handling” is a concept of attaching the event with a function.
• Whenever the user performs an action, automatically the element raises the
event; then we can call a function.
• Syntax: addEventListener(“event name”, functionname)

• Example: addEventListener(“click”, fun1)
List of Events
1. click
2. dblclick
3. mouseover
4. mouseout
5. mousemove
6. keyup
7. keypress
8. focus
9. blur
10. change
11. contextmenu
12. cut
13. copy
14. paste

“Click” event
“Click” event
• The “click” event executes when the user clicks on the element.
• Syntax:
addEventListener(“click”, functionname);
function functionname( )
{
}
Example on “Click” event:

<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - click</title>
#div1
{
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>click</h1>
<div id="div1">click me</div>
<script>
document.getElementById("div1").addEventListener("click", fun1);
function fun1()
{
document.getElementById("div1").innerHTML = "thanx";
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

“Dblclick” event
“Dblclick” event
• The “dblclick” event executes when the user double clicks on the element.
• Syntax:
addEventListener(“dblclick”, functionname);
{
}
Example on “Dblclick” event:

<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - dblclick</title>
#div1
{
width: 300px;
height: 200px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>dblclick</h1>
<div id="div1">double click me</div>
<script>
document.getElementById("div1").addEventListener("dblclick",
fun1);
function fun1()
{
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

“Mouseover” and “Mouseout” events
“Mouseover” event
• The “mouseover” event executes when the user moves the mouse pointer
from outside to inside the element.
• Syntax:
addEventListener(“mouseover”, functionname);
{
}
“Mouseout” event
• The “mouseout” event executes when the user moves the mouse pointer
from inside to outside the element.
• Syntax:
addEventListener(“mouseout”, functionname);
{
}
Example on “Mouseover” and “Mouseout” events:

<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - mouseover, mouseout</title>
body
{
font-size: 30px;
}
#div1
{
width: 400px;
height: 200px;
background-color: lightgreen;
}

</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript Events - mouseover, mouseout</h1>
<div id="div1">
mouseover me
</div>
<script>
document.getElementById("div1").addEventListener("mouseover",
fun1);
function fun1()
{
}
document.getElementById("div1").addEventListener("mouseout",
fun2);
function fun2()
{
document.getElementById("div1").innerHTML = "mouseover me";
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Example on Image with “Mouseover” and “Mouseout” events:

<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - Image with hover</title>
body
{
font-size: 30px;
}
#myimage
{
cursor: pointer;
}

</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Image with hover</h1>
<img src="tick1.jpg" id="myimage">
<script>
document.getElementById("myimage").addEventListener("mouseover",
fun1);
function fun1()
{
"tick2.jpg");
}
document.getElementById("myimage").addEventListener("mouseout",
fun2);
function fun2()
{
"tick1.jpg");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Note: Place “tick1.jpg”, “tick2.jpg” in the current folder.

“Mousemove” event
“Mousemove” event
• The “mousemove” event executes when the user moves the mouse pointer
across the element.
• Syntax:
addEventListener(“mousemove”, functionname);
{
}
• event: Represents the information, given by the browser. Whenever the user
performs an action, the browser collects some information, and it passes the
same information to the function automatically. This is called “event”.
• event.pageX: Represents “X” co-ordinate of mouse pointer position.
• event.pageY: Represents “Y” co-ordinate of mouse pointer position.
Example on “Mousemove” event:

<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - mousemove</title>
body
{
font-size: 26px;
}

#div1
{
width: 400px;
height: 200px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript Events - mousemove</h1>
<div id="div1">
mouseover me
</div>
<script>
document.getElementById("div1").addEventListener("mousemove",
fun1);
function fun1(event)
{
//event = browser given information
var x = event.pageX;
var y = event.pageY;
document.getElementById("div1").innerHTML = x + ", " + y;
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

“Keyup” event
“Keyup” event
• The “keyup” event executes when the user presses any key on the keyboard,
while the cursor is inside the element.
• Syntax:
addEventListener(“keyup”, functionname);
{
}
Example on “Keyup” event:

<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - Keyup</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Keyup</h1>
Source Text:
<input type="text" id="txt1">
<br>
Destination Text:
<script>
document.getElementById("txt1").addEventListener("keyup",
fun1);
function fun1()
{
document.getElementById("txt2").value =
document.getElementById("txt1").value;
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

“Keypress” event
“Keypress” event
• The “keypress” event executes when the user presses any key on the
keyboard, while the cursor is inside the element.
• “Keypress” event is very similar to “keyup” event.
• When you press any key on the keyboard, the following process happens:
1. “Keypress” event executes.
2. The character will be added in the textbox.
3. “Keyup” event executes.
• “Keypress” event executes before accepting the currently pressed character
into the element. “Keyup” event executes after accepting the currently
pressed character into the element.
• In “keypress” event, we can accept / reject the currently pressed character,
because it executes “before accepting” the character.
• In “keyup” event, we can’t reject the currently pressed character, because it
executes “after accepting” the character.
• Syntax:
addEventListener(“keypress”, functionname);
{
}
• event.which: Represents the ASCII value of currently pressed character. That

means when the user presses a character, the browser automatically
identifies its ASCII value and passes the same to the function, as
“event.which”.
• ASCII = Americal Standard Code for Information Interchange
• As per ASCII, every character has a number.
▪ 65 to 90 : A-Z
▪ 97 to 122 : a-z
▪ 48 to 57 : 0-9
▪ 32 : Space
▪ 8 : Backspace

▪ 9 : TAB
▪ 13 : Enter
• event.preventDefault( ): It stops the default functionality. That means it

rejects the currently pressed character. If this method is not used, by default
it accepts the currently pressed character.
Example on “Keypress” event:

<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - Keypress</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Keypress</h1>
Source Text:
<br>
Destination Text:
<script>
document.getElementById("txt1").addEventListener("keypress",
fun1);
function fun1()
{
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Example on “Keypress” event – Alphabets only:
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - Alphabets only</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Alphabets only</h1>
<script>
fun1);
{
//event means "browser given details"
//ascii value of currently pressed character

var ch = event.which;
//alert(ch);
if ( !((ch >=65 && ch <=90) || (ch >=97 && ch <=122) || (ch == 32) || (ch
== 8) || (ch == 0)))
{
event.preventDefault(); //cancel the currently pressed
character
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Example on “Keypress” event – Numbers only:
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - Numbers only</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Numbers only</h1>
<script>
fun1);
{
//event means "browser given details"
//ascii value of currently pressed character
var ch = event.which;
//alert(ch);
if ( !((ch >=48 && ch <=57) || (ch == 8) || (ch == 0)))

{
event.preventDefault(); //cancel the currently pressed
character
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

“Focus” and “Blur” events
“Focus” event
• The “focus” event executes when the cursor enters into the element.
• Syntax:
addEventListener(“focus”, functionname);
{
}
“Blur” event
• The “blur” event executes when the cursor goes out of the element.
• Syntax:
addEventListener(“blur”, functionname);
{
}
Example on “Focus” and “Blur” events:

<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - focus and blur</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>focus and blur</h1>
Email:
<span id="span1" style="color:gray; display:none">Use gmail
only</span>

<script>
document.getElementById("txt1").addEventListener("focus", fun1);
function fun1()
{
document.getElementById("span1").style.display = "inline";
}
document.getElementById("txt1").addEventListener("blur", fun2);
function fun2()
{
document.getElementById("span1").style.display = "none";
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

“Change” event
“Change” event
• The “change” event executes when the value of the element has been
changed.
• That means it executes in following cases:
1. When the user modifies the value of textbox and presses TAB key.
2. When the user checks / unchecks the checkbox.
3. When the user selects the radio button.
4. When the user selects an item in the dropdownlist.
• Syntax:
addEventListener(“change”, functionname);
{
}
Example on “Change” event with TextBox:

<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - Change - TextBox</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Change</h1>
Source Text:
<br>
Destination Text:
<script>

document.getElementById("txt1").addEventListener("change",
fun1);
function fun1()
{
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Example on “Change” event with CheckBox:

<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - Change - CheckBox</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript - CheckBox</h1>
<input type="checkbox" id="chk1">
<label for="chk1">I accept license agreement</label><br>
<input type="submit" id="btn1" disabled="disabled">
<script>
document.getElementById("chk1").addEventListener("change",
fun1);
function fun1()
{
var b = document.getElementById("chk1").checked;
if (b == true)
{
document.getElementById("btn1").disabled = "";
}

else
{
document.getElementById("btn1").disabled = "disabled";
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Example on “Change” event with RadioButton:

<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - Change - RadioButton</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
#div1
{
color: darkblue;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript -RadioButton</h1>
<form>
<input type="radio" id="rb1" name="group1" checked="checked">
<label for="rb1">Small</label>
<input type="radio" id="rb2" name="group1">
<label for="rb2">Medium</label>
<input type="radio" id="rb3" name="group1">
<label for="rb3">Large</label>
<br>
<div id="div1" style="font-size:20px;">
Hello, World
</div>
</form>

<script>
document.getElementById("rb1").addEventListener("change",
fun1);
fun1);
fun1);
function fun1()
{
if (document.getElementById("rb1").checked == true)
//small
else if (document.getElementById("rb2").checked == true)
//medium
else if (document.getElementById("rb3").checked == true)
//large
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Example on “Change” event with DropDownList:

<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - Change - DropDownList</title>
body,input,select
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript - DropDownList</h1>
<select id="drp1">

<option>Choose Country</option>
<option>UK</option>
<option>US</option>
</select>
<br><br>
You selected: <span id="span1"></span>
<script>
document.getElementById("drp1") .addEventListener("change",
fun1);
function fun1()
{
document.getElementById("span1").innerHTML =
document.getElementById("drp1").value;
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Example 2 on “Change” event with DropDownList:

<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - Change - Dropdownlist - background color</title>
body,input,select
{
font-size: 30px;
}
#div1
{
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
border: 4px solid orange;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Choose background color</h1>

<select id="drp1">
<option value="select">Select</option>
<option value="red">Red</option>
<option value="green">Green</option>
<option value="blue">Blue</option>
</select>
<br>
<div id="div1">
div1
</div>
<script>
document.getElementById("drp1").addEventListener("change",
fun1);
function fun1()
{
var selectedcolor = document.getElementById("drp1").value;
if (selectedcolor == "red")
"red";
else if (selectedcolor == "green")
"green";
else if (selectedcolor == "blue")
"blue";
else
"white";
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

“Contextmenu” event
“Contextmenu” event
• The “contextmenu” event executes when the user right clicks on an element.
• Syntax:
addEventListener(“contextmenu”, functionname);
{
}
• event.preventDefault(): It disables the right click menu (context menu).
Example on “Contextmenu” event

<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - Disabling right click</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Right click disabled</h1>
<script>
window.addEventListener("contextmenu", fun1);
{
event.preventDefault();
alert("right click not allowed");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

“Cut”, “Copy”, “Paste” events
“Cut” event
• The “cut” event executes when the user selects “cut” option with keyboard /
mouse.
• Syntax:
addEventListener(“cut”, functionname);
{
}
• event.preventDefault( ): It disables the cut operation.
“Copy” event
• The “copy” event executes when the user selects “copy” option with keyboard
/ mouse.
• Syntax:
addEventListener(“copy”, functionname);
{
}
• event.preventDefault( ): It disables the copy operation.
“Paste” event
• The “paste” event executes when the user selects “paste” option with
keyboard / mouse.
• Syntax:
addEventListener(“paste”, functionname);
{
}

• event.preventDefault( ): It disables the paste operation.
Example on “Cut”, “Copy”, “Paste” events

<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - Disabling cut, copy, paste</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Cut, copy, paste disabled</h1>
<input type="text">
<input type="text">
<input type="text">
<script>
window.addEventListener("cut", fun1);
window.addEventListener("copy", fun1);
window.addEventListener("paste", fun1);
{
event.preventDefault(); //default functionality will be stopped
alert("cut copy paste not allowed");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

“this” keyword
“this” keyword
• The “this” keyword represents the “current element”, which has raised the
event.
Example on “this” keyword:

<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - This</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This</h1>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="click me">
<script>
document.getElementById("button1").addEventListener("click",
fun1);
fun1);
fun1);

fun1);
fun1);
fun1);
fun1);
fun1);
fun1);
fun1);
function fun1()
{
this.setAttribute("value", "thanx");
this.style.backgroundColor = "skyblue";
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Adding New Elements to DOM
II) Adding New Elements to DOM
• To add elements to DOM, follow the steps:
• Create the element:
Syntax: var variablename = document.createElement(“tag”);
Example: var x = document.createElement(“div”);
• Add the new element to existing container element:

Syntax: appendChild(variablename);
Example: appendChild(x);
Example on Adding Elements:

<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - Adding elements</title>
body,input
{
font: 30px tahoma;
}
div
{
padding: 20px;
margin: 20px;
}
div p
{
padding: 10px;
margin: 10px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1">
<p>para 1</p>

<p>para 2</p>
<p>para 3</p>
</div>
<input type="button" id="btn1" value="add para to div">
<script>
document.getElementById("btn1").addEventListener("click", fun1);
var n = 4;
function fun1()
{
var mypara = document.createElement("p");
mypara.innerHTML = "para " + n;
mypara.setAttribute("id", "p" + n);
document.getElementById("div1").appendChild(mypara);
n++;
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Removing Existing Elements from DOM
III) Removing Existing Elements from DOM
• To remove elements from DOM, use the following method:
Syntax: remove( );
Example: document.getElementById(“div1”).remove( );
Example on Removing Existing Elements from DOM:

<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - Removing elements</title>
body,input
{
font: 30px tahoma;
}
div
{
padding: 20px;
margin: 20px;
}
div p
{
padding: 10px;
margin: 10px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 3</p>
</div>
<input type="button" id="btn1" value="remove para 2">

<script>
function fun1()
{
document.getElementById("p2").remove();
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Image Gallery
Example on Image Gallery
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - Image gallery</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
.class1
{
cursor: pointer;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Image gallery</h1>
<img src="img1.jpg" width="500px" id="myimage">
<br><br>
<img src="img1.jpg" width="75px" class="class1">
<script>
var allimages = document.getElementsByClassName("class1");
for (i=0; i<allimages.length; i++)
{
allimages[i].addEventListener("click", fun1);
}
function fun1()
{

var currentsrc = this.getAttribute("src");
currentsrc);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Note: Place “img1.jpg” , “img2.jpg” , “img3.jpg” , “img4.jpg” , “img5.jpg” ,

“img6.jpg” , “img7.jpg” , “img8.jpg” , “img9.jpg” , “img10.jpg” in the current
folder.

Photo Navigation
Example on Photo Navigation
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - Photo navigation</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Photo navigation</h1>
<img src="img1.jpg" width="350px" id="myimage"><br>
<input type="button" value="Previous" id="button1">
<input type="button" value="Next" id="button2">
<script>
var allimages = [ "img1.jpg", "img2.jpg", "img3.jpg", "img4.jpg",
"img5.jpg", "img6.jpg", "img7.jpg", "img8.jpg", "img9.jpg", "img10.jpg" ];
var c = 0;
document.getElementById("button1") .addEventListener("click",
fun1);
function fun1()
{
c--;
if (c == -1)
{
c = 0;//reset c
}
var i = document.getElementById("myimage");
i.setAttribute("src", allimages[c]);
}
document.getElementById("button2") .addEventListener("click",
fun2);
function fun2()

{
c++;
if (c == allimages.length)
{
c = allimages.length - 1; //reset c
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

folder.

Random
Random
• This is a pre-defined method, which generates a random (non-sequential)
number, between 0 to 1.
• Syntax: Math.random( );
• Example: Math.random( );
Examle on Random:
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - Random</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>random</h1>
<script>
var n = Math.random();
document.write(n);
</script>
</body>
</html>
Example on Random Image:

<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - Random</title>
body,input
{

font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Random image</h1>
<img src="" alt="Image here" width="200px" id="randomimage">
<script>
var n = Math.floor(Math.random() * 10);
var myimages = [ "img1.jpg", "img2.jpg", "img3.jpg", "img4.jpg",
document.getElementById("randomimage").setAttribute("src",
myimages[n]);
</script>
</body>
</html>

folder.

Conversion Functions
Conversion Functions
• JavaScript provides the following two functions to convert a value from
“string” data type to “number” data type.
1. parseInt( )
2. parseFloat( )
1. parseInt()
• This function converts a value from “string” data type to “int” data type
(number without decimal places).
• Syntax: parseInt(“string value”)
• Example: parseInt(“10”)
2. parseFloat()
• This function converts a value from “string” data type to “float” data type
(number with decimal places).
• Syntax: parseFloat(“string value”)
• Example: parseFloat(“10.824”)
Example on Conversion Functions:

<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - Add Subtract Multiply Divide</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
#txt3
{
background-color: lightgray;
}

#button1,#button2,#button3,#button4
{
background-color: #ffcc99;
border: 1px ridge red;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Math</h1>
<form>
Enter value for a:
Enter value for b:
<input type="button" id="button1" value="Add">
<input type="button" id="button2" value="Subtract">
<input type="button" id="button3" value="Multiply">
<input type="button" id="button4" value="Divide"><br>
Result:
<input type="text" id="txt3" readonly="readonly">
</form>
<script>
fun1);
function fun1()
{
var a = parseInt( document.getElementById("txt1").value );
var b = parseInt( document.getElementById("txt2").value );
var c = a + b;
document.getElementById("txt3").value = c;
}
fun2);
function fun2()
{
var a = parseInt( document.getElementById("txt1").value);
var b = parseInt( document.getElementById("txt2").value);
var c = a - b;
}

fun3);
function fun3()
{
var c = a * b;
}
fun4);
function fun4()
{
var c = a / b;
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Login
Example on Login:
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - Login</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Login</h1>
<form>
Username: <input type="text" id="txt1"><br>
Password: <input type="password" id="txt2"><br>
<input type="submit" id="button1" value="Login"><br>
<span id="span1"></span>
</form>
<script>
fun1);
{
var username = document.getElementById("txt1").value;
var password = document.getElementById("txt2").value;
if (username == "admin" && password == "manager")
{
document.getElementById("span1").innerHTML = "Successful
login";
}
else
{
document.getElementById("span1").innerHTML = "Invalid
login";
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

String Functions
String Functions
• “String” is a collection of characters. The characters include with the
following:
1. Uppercase alphabets : A-Z
2. Lowercase alphabets : a-z
3. Digits : 0-9
4. Symbols : $ # @ & * etc.
• JavaScript string literals should be in either single quotes or double quotes.
Ex: ‘hello123’
“hello123”
List of String Functions

1. toUpperCase( )
• This function converts the string value into uppercase and returns it.
• Syntax: string.toUpperCase( )
• Example: “hello”.toUpperCase( )  “HELLO”
2. toLowerCase( )
• This function converts the string value into lowercase and returns it.
• Syntax: string.toLowerCase( )
• Example: “HELLO”.toLowerCase( )  “hello”
3. length
• This property returns the no. of characters in the string.
• Syntax: string.length
• Example: “hello”.length 5

4. charAt( )
• This function returns the single character present at the specified
index.
• Index starts from 0 (zero).
• Syntax: string.charAt( )
• Example: “hello”.charAt(1) e
5. charCodeAt( )
• This function returns the ASCII value of the single character present at
the specified index.
• Syntax: string.charCodeAt( )
• Example: “hello”.charCodeAt(1)  101
6. slice( )
• This function returns a part of the string, starting from specified index,
upto end of the string.
• Syntax: string.slice(index)
• Example: “hyderabad”.slice(2)  derabad
7. indexOf( )
• This function searches for the given sub string in the string, and returns
the index of the first character in the given string if it is found; it
returns -1, if the character is not found.
• Syntax: string.indexOf(“character”)
• Example: “hyderabad”.indexOf(“a”) 5
• Example: “hyderabad”.indexOf(“era”) 3
• Example: “hyderabad”.indexOf(“z”)  -1
• This function always considers the first occurrence only.

8. replace( )
• It replaces a “word” with “another word”.
• Syntax: string.replace(“old word”, “new word”)
• Example: “MS Office”.replace(“Office”, “Windows”)  MS Windows
9. split( )
• This function converts a string into an array of many small strings and
returns the array, based on the separator character.
• Syntax: string.split(“separator character”)
• Example: “how are you”.split(“”)  [ “how”, “are”, “you” ]
10. trim( )
• This function removes the unnecessary spaces at left side and right
side of the string.
• Syntax: string.trim( )
• Example: “ abc def ”.trim( )  “abc def”
11. concat( )
• This function attaches two strings and make then as a sinle string.
• Syntax: string.concat( “another string” )
• Example: “peers”.concat(“tech”)  “peerstech”
Example on String Functions:

<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - String functions</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}

</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript - String functions</h1>
<script>
document.write("hello" + "<br>");
document.write("hello".toUpperCase() + "<br>");
document.write("HELLO".toLowerCase() + "<br>");
document.write("hello 123".length + "<br>");
document.write("hello 123".charAt(1) + "<br>");
document.write("hello 123".charCodeAt(1) + "<br>");
document.write("hyderabad".slice(4) + "<br>");
document.write("hyderabad".indexOf("a") + "<br>");
document.write("hyderabad".indexOf("a",
("hyderabad".indexOf("a")+1) ) + "<br>");
document.write("Microsoft Office".replace("Office", "Windows") +
"<br>");
document.write("how are you".split(" ")[2] + "<br>");
document.write(" abc def ".trim().length + "<br>");
document.write("peers".concat("tech") + "<br>");
</script>
</body>
</html>

Date Functions
Date Functions
• Date functions are used to manipulate date and time.
List of Date Functions

1. new Date( )
• This is used to get the current system date and time.
• Syntax: new Date( )
• Example: new Date( )  Thu Aug 10 2017 11:04:51
GMT+0530 (India Standard Time)
2. toLocaleDateString( )
• This function returns the date in the following format: M/d/yyyy
• Syntax: new Date( ).toLocaleDateString( )
• Example: new Date( ).toLocaleDateString( )  8/10/2017
3. toLocaleTimeString( )
• This function returns the time in the following format: hh:mi:ss am/pm
• Syntax: new Date( ).toLocaleTimeString( )
• Example: new Date( ).toLocaleTimeString( )  11:04:51 AM
4. getTime( )
• This function returns the no. of milli seconds since “1/1/1970 12:00:00
AM”.
• Syntax: new Date( ).getTime( )
• Example: new Date( ).getTime( )  1502343291481
5. getDay( )

• This function returns the no. of the day of the week.
• 0 = Sunday
• 1 = Monday
• 2 = Tuesday
• 3 = Wednesday
• 4 = Thursday
• 5 = Friday
• 6 = Saturday
• Syntax: new Date( ).getDay( )
• Example: new Date( ).getDay( ) 4
6. getDate( )
• This function returns only the date.
• Syntax: new Date( ).getDate( )
• Example: new Date( ).getDate( )  10
7. getMonth( )
• This function returns only the month (0 to 11).
• Syntax: new Date( ).getMonth( )
• Example: new Date( ).getMonth( ) 7
8. getFullYear( )
• This function returns only the year.
• Syntax: new Date( ).getFullYear( )
• Example: new Date( ).getFullYear( )  2017
9. getHours( )
• This function returns only the hours (in 24 hours format).
• Syntax: new Date( ).getHours( )
• Example: new Date( ).getHours( )  11

10. getMinutes( )
• This function returns only the minutes.
• Syntax: new Date( ).getMinutes( )
• Example: new Date( ).getMinutes( ) 4
11. getSeconds( )
• This function returns only the seconds.
• Syntax: new Date( ).getSeconds( )
• Example: new Date( ).getSeconds( )  51
12. getMilliseconds( )
• This function returns only the milli seconds.
• Syntax: new Date( ).getMiliseconds( )
• Example: new Date( ).getMilliseconds( )  481
13. Creating a custom date:

• We can create custom (user-defined) date using the following steps:
• Create a date object and variable: var variable = new Date( );
• Set year: variable.setFullYear(year);
• Set month: variable.setMonth(month);
Note: month is 0 to 11
• Set date: variable.setDate(date);

Example on Date Functions:
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - Date functions</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript - Date functions</h1>
<script>
document.write(new Date() + "<br>");
document.write(new Date().toLocaleDateString() + "<br>");
document.write(new Date().toLocaleTimeString() + "<br>");
document.write(new Date().getTime() + "<br>");
document.write(new Date().getDay() + "<br>");
document.write(new Date().getDate() + "<br>");
document.write(new Date().getMonth() + "<br>");
document.write(new Date().getFullYear() + "<br>");
document.write(new Date().getHours() + "<br>");
document.write(new Date().getMinutes() + "<br>");
document.write(new Date().getSeconds() + "<br>");
document.write(new Date().getMilliseconds() + "<br>");
</script>
</body>
</html>

Example on Custom Date:
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - Custom date</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Custom Date</h1>
<script>
var d = new Date();
d.setFullYear(2016);
d.setMonth(11); //0 to 11
d.setDate(31);
document.write(d.toLocaleDateString());
</script>
</body>
</html>

setTimeout()
setTimeout( )
• It calls a function automatically after the specific no. of milli seconds
completed.
• Syntax: setTimeout(function, milli seconds);
• Example: setTimeout(fun1, 1000);
function fun1( )
{
}
Example on setTimeout( )
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - setTimeout</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>setTimeout</h1>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="Show Message after 3
seconds">
<script>
fun1);
function fun1()
{
setTimeout(fun2, 3000);
}
function fun2()
{
alert("Hello");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

setInterval()
setInterval()
• It calls a function repeatedly, for every completion of the given interval time
(milli seconds).
• Syntax: setInterval(function, milli seconds);
• Example: setInterval(fun1, 1000);
function fun1( )
{
}
• We use clearInterval() function to stop the execution of fun1() repeatedly.
Example on setInterval()
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - setInterval</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>setInterval</h1>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="Show Message for every 3
seconds">
<script>
fun1);
function fun1()
{
setInterval(fun2, 3000);
}

function fun2()
{
alert("Hello");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Example 2 on setInterval( )
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - setInterval - System Time</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>setInterval - System Time</h1>
<div id="div1"></div>
<script>
setInterval(fun1, 1000); //for every 1000 milli sec (1 sec) it calls fun1.
function fun1()
{
var d = new Date();
var t = d.toLocaleTimeString();
document.getElementById("div1").innerHTML = t;
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Example 3 on setInterval( )
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - Automatic Photo Slide Show</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Automatic Photo Slide Show (2 seconds)</h1>
<img src="img1.jpg" width="400px" id="myimage">
<script>
var allimages = [ "img1.jpg", "img2.jpg", "img3.jpg", "img4.jpg",
var c = 0;
var repeat = setInterval(fun1, 2000); //1000 milli sec = 1 sec
function fun1()
{
c++;
if (c == allimages.length)
{
clearInterval(repeat);
alert("Done");
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

folder.

Validations
Validations
• Validation is a process of checking the form input values, whether those are
correct or not.
▪ If all the form input values are correct, then we will allow the form to
be submitted to the server.
▪ If any one of the form input values are incorrect, then we will stop
submitting the form and display appropriate error message to the
user.
• Validations are done using JavaScript.
• Common Examples of Validations:
1. The value can’t be blank.
2. The value should be in the proper format. Ex: phone number, email etc.
3. The value should be within the given range (minimum and maximum).
▪ Ex: Amount should be in between 1000 and 10000 etc.
Syntax for Validations

document.getElementById(“form id”).addEventListener(“submit”, functionname);
function functionname(event)
{
if (condition)
{
//show error message
event.preventDefault( );
}
else
{
//hide error message
}
}

Example on Validations:
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - Validations</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
.error
{
color: red;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript - Validations</h1>
<form id="f1">
Username:
<input type="text" id="txtusername"> *
<span id="spanusername" class="error"></span><br>
Password:
<input type="password" id="txtpassword"> *
<span id="spanpassword" class="error"></span><br>
</form>
<script>
document.getElementById("f1").addEventListener("submit", fun1);
{
var s1 = document.getElementById("txtusername").value;
if (s1 == "")
{
document.getElementById("spanusername").innerHTML =
"Username can't be blank";
}
else

{
document.getElementById("spanusername").innerHTML = "";
}
var s2 = document.getElementById("txtpassword").value;
if (s2== "")
{
document.getElementById("spanpassword").innerHTML =
"Password can't be blank";
}
else
{
document.getElementById("spanpassword").innerHTML = "";
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Regular Expressions
Regular Expressions
• Regular expression represents “pattern” of the value.
• Regular expressions are useful in validations, to check whether it is matching
with the specified pattern or not.
List of Important Regular Expressions

Sl. Description Regular Expression
No
1 Digits only ^[0-9]*$
2 Alphabets only ^[a-zA-Z ]*$
3 Indian Mobile Number ^[789]\d{9}$
4 Email \w+([-+.']\w+)*@\w+([-.]\w+)*\.\w+([-.]\w+)*
5 Usernames: Alphabets, Digits and ([A-Za-z0-9-]+)
Hyphens only
6 Passwords: 6 to 15 characters; ((?=.*\d)(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[A-Z]).{6,15})
atleast one upper case letter, one
lower case letter and one digit
Syntax for Regular Expressions

/regular expression/.test(value)
Example on Regular Expressions:

<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - Regular Expressions</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}

.error
{
color: red;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript - Regular Expressions</h1>
<form id="f1" action="http://localhost/serverpage.aspx">

Email:
<input type="text" id="txtemail">
<span id="spanemail" class="error"></span><br>
Mobile:
<input type="text" id="txtmobile">
<span id="spanmobile" class="error"></span><br>
</form>
<script>
document.getElementById("f1").addEventListener("submit", fun1);
{
var s1 = document.getElementById("txtemail").value;
var regexpemail = /\w+([-+.']\w+)*@\w+([-.]\w+)*\.\w+([-.]\w+)*/;
if (regexpemail.test(s1) == false)
{
document.getElementById("spanemail").innerHTML = "Invalid
email";
}
else
{
document.getElementById("spanemail").innerHTML = "";
}
var s2 = document.getElementById("txtmobile").value;
var regexpmobile = /^[789]\d{9}$/;
if (regexpmobile.test(s2) == false)
{

document.getElementById("spanmobile").innerHTML =
"Invalid mobile";
}
else
{
document.getElementById("spanmobile").innerHTML = "";
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Window.print()
Window.print()
• This function is used to print the current web page, through the printer.
• Syntax: window.print( )
Example on window.print( ):
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - Print</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Print</h1>
<input type="button" value="Print" id="button1">
<script>
fun1);
function fun1()
{
window.print();
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Popup Window
Popup Window
• Popup window is an independent browser window.
• Popup windows are generally used to display ads.
• Syntax: window.open(“filename.html”, “nick name”, “options”);
• Example: window.open(“mypage.html”, “popup1”, “width=300,
height=300”);
Example on Popup window:

mypage.html
<html>
<head>
<title>Popup</title>
</head>
<body>
Hello, World
</body>
</html>

Popup.html
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - Popup window example</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
<script>
window.open("mypage.html", "popup1", "width=300, height=300");
//syntax: 'url to open', "logical name", options
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This page automatically opens a popup-window</h1>
<p>Choose "Allow Popups" in the options.</p>
</body>
</html>

External JavaScript
Types of JavaScript
• JavaScript program can be created in two ways:
1. Internal JavaScript / Embedded JavaScript
2. External JavaScript
1. Internal JavaScript
• Both “html code” and “javascript code” will be written in the same “.html” file.
• Advantage: Easy to understand.
• Disadvantage: The javascript code that is written in “.html” file can’t be used
in another html file.
• All the previous programs are the examples of “Internal JavaScript”.
2. External JavaScript
• The javascript code will be written in “.js” file and will be called in one or more
“.html” files.
• Advantage: We can call the same “.js” file from many html files (re-usability).
• In relatime, external JavaScript is recommended.

Example on External JavaScript:

JavaScript.js
Page1.html
<html>
<head>
<title>External JavaScript - Page 1</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>External JavaScript - Page 1</h1>
<script src="JavaScript.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
Page2.html
<html>
<head>
<title>External JavaScript - Page 2</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>External JavaScript - Page 2</h1>
</body>
</html>

Object Oriented Programming
Object Oriented Programming
• Object Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm
(programming style), which is based on the concept of “objects”.
• Object represents a physical item / entity.
• Object is a collection of two types of members:
1. Properties / Fields
2. Methods
• Properties / Fields: Details about the object. Properties are the variables
stored inside the object.
• Methods: Manipulations on the properties. Methods are the functions stored
inside the object.
• Example:
 “Car” object
▪ Properties
 CarModel: Honda City
 CarColor: Black
 ColorNo: 1234
▪ Methods
 Start( )
 ChangeGear( )
 Stop( )
• Example:
Types of Creating Object:

• We can create object in 3 ways:
1. Object Literals
2. New Object( )
3. Constructor Function

• Object Literal
var variable = { “property”: value, “method”: function( ) { … } }
• New Object( )
var variablename = new Object( );
variable.property = value;
variable.method = function( ) { … };
• Constructor Function
function functionname(arguments)
{
this.property = value;
this.method = function( ) { … };
}
var variablename = new functionname( );

Object Literals
Example on Object Literals
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - Object Literals</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript - Object Literals</h1>
<script>
var stu = { "studentid":1, "studentname": "scott", "marks": 80 };
console.log(stu);
console.log(stu.studentid);
console.log(stu.studentname);
console.log(stu.marks);
</script>
</body>
</html>
Example 2 on Object Literals

<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - Object Literals - Methods</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>

<body>
<h1>JavaScript - Object Literals - Methods</h1>
<script>
var stu = { "studentid":1, "studentname": "scott", "marks": 80,
"result": function() {
if (this.marks >= 35)
{
return "Pass";
}
else
{
return "Fail";
}
} };
console.log(stu.result());
</script>
</body>
</html>
Example 3 on Object Literals

<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - Object Literals - TextBoxes</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript - Object Literals - TextBoxes</h1>
Student ID: <input type="text" id="txt1"><br>
Student Name: <input type="text" id="txt2"><br>
Marks: <input type="text" id="txt3"><br>

Result: <input type="text" id="txt4"><br>
<script>
var stu = { "studentid":1, "studentname": "scott", "marks": 80,
"result": function() {
{
return "Pass";
}
else
{
return "Fail";
}
} };
document.getElementById("txt1").value = stu.studentid;
document.getElementById("txt2").value = stu.studentname;
document.getElementById("txt3").value = stu.marks;
document.getElementById("txt4").value = stu.result();
</script>
</body>
</html>

New Object
Example on New Object
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - New Object</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript - New Object</h1>
<script>
var stu = new Object();
stu.studentid = 1;
stu.studentname = "scott";
stu.marks = 80;
stu.result = function()
{
{
return "Pass";
}
else
{
return "Fail";
}
};
console.log(stu);
</script>
</body>
</html>

Constructor Function
Example on Constructor Function
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - Constructor Function</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript - Constructor Function</h1>
<script>
function Student(a, b, c)
{
this.studentid = a;
this.studentname = b;
this.marks = c;
this.result = function()
{
{
return "Pass";
}
else
{
return "Fail";
}
};
}
var stu = new Student(1, "Scott", 80);
console.log(stu);
</script>
</body>
</html>

Example on User Data
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - User Data</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript - User Data</h1>
Student ID: <input type="text" id="txt1"><br>
Student Name: <input type="text" id="txt2"><br>
Marks: <input type="text" id="txt3"><br>
<input type="button" value="OK" id="button1">
<script>
{
this.studentid = a;
this.marks = c;
{
{
return "Pass";
}
else
{
return "Fail";
}
};
}
fun1);
function fun1()

{
var x = document.getElementById("txt1").value;
var y = document.getElementById("txt2").value;
var z = document.getElementById("txt3").value;
var stu = new Student(x, y, z);

console.log(stu);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Object.Keys
Object.Keys
• The “Object.keys” method is used to retrieve the list of properties of an
object as an array.
• Syntax: Object.keys(reference variable);
• Example: Object.keys(stu);
• This is useful if you don’t know what properties are exist in the object.
Example on Object.Keys
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - Keys</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript - Keys</h1>
<script>
{
this.studentid = a;
this.marks = c;
{
{
return "Pass";
}
else
{

return "Fail";
}
};
}
var keys = Object.keys(stu);
console.log(stu);
console.log(keys);
for (var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++)
{
console.log(stu[keys[i]]);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Stringify
Stringify
• The “JSON.stringify” is used to convert “Object Literal” to “JSON” format.
JSON is a text format which follows “JavaScript Object Literal” syntax. JSON
is mainly used for store or exchange data between browser and server.
• Syntax: JSON.stringify(object literal or reference variable)
• Example: JSON.stringify(stu)
Example on JSON.stringify
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - Stringify</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript - Stringify</h1>
<script>
{
this.studentid = a;
this.marks = c;
{
{
return "Pass";
}
else

{
return "Fail";
}
};
}
document.getElementById("div1").innerHTML = JSON.stringify(stu);
</script>
</body>
</html>

Parse
Parse
• The “JSON.parse” is used to convert “JSON” to “Object Literal” format.
• Syntax: JSON.parse(json data)
• Example: JSON.parse(‘ { “a”:10, “b”: 20 } ’)
Example on JSON.parse
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - Parse</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript - Parse</h1>
<script>
var s = '{ "studentid":1, "studentname": "scott", "marks": 80 }';
var stu = JSON.parse(s);
console.log(s);
console.log(stu);
</script>
</body>
</html>

Object Array Literal
Object Array Literal
• “Object Array Literal” is a collection of “object literals”, stored as an array.
Example on Object Array Literal:

<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - Object Array Literal</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
#div1
{
padding: 10px;
margin: 10px;
}
#div1 p
{
padding: 10px;
margin: 10px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript - Object Array Literal</h1>
<div id="div1">
</div>
<script>
var employees =
[
{ "empid": 101, "empname": "Scott", "salary": 4000 },
{ "empid": 102, "empname": "Smith", "salary": 5690 },

{ "empid": 103, "empname": "Allen", "salary": 6723 },
{ "empid": 104, "empname": "John", "salary": 8729 }
];
for (var i = 0; i < employees.length; i++)
{
var s = "<p>" + employees[i].empid + ", " + employees[i].empname +
", " + employees[i].salary + "</p>";
document.getElementById("div1").innerHTML += s;
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Example on Object Array Literal - UL:

<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - Object Array Literal - UL</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript - Object Array Literal - UL</h1>
<ul id="list1">
</ul>
<script>
var employees =
[
];
for (var i = 0; i<employees.length; i++)
{
var s = "<li>" + employees[i].empid + ", " + employees[i].empname +
", " + employees[i].salary + "</li>";
document.getElementById("list1").innerHTML += s;
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Example on Object Array Literal - Table:
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - Object Array Literal - Table</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Object Array Literal - Table</h1>
<table id="table1" border="1">
<tr>
<th>Emp ID</th>
<th>Emp Name</th>
<th>Salary</th>
</tr>
</table>
<script>
var employees =
[
];
for (var i = 0; i<employees.length; i++)
{
var s = "<tr> <td>" + employees[i].empid + "</td> <td>" +
employees[i].empname + "</td> <td>" + employees[i].salary + "</td> </tr>";
document.getElementById("table1").innerHTML += s;
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Object Array
Example on Object Array:
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - Object Array</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript - Object Array</h1>
<script>
function Employee(a, b, c)
{
this.empid = a;
this.empname = b;
this.salary = c;
}
var employees =
[
new Employee(101, "Scott", 4000),
new Employee(102, "Smith", 5690),
new Employee(103, "Allen", 9500),
new Employee(104, "John", 7400)
];
console.log(employees);
{
console.log(employees[i]);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Complex Object Literal
Example on Complex Object Literal:
<html>
<head>
<title>Complex Object Literal</title>
body,input,table
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Complex Object Literal</h1>
<script>
var departments =
[
{ deptno: 10, deptname: "Accounting", loc: "New York",
employees: [
{ empid: 1, empname: "Scott" },
{ empid: 2, empname: "Allen" },
{ empid: 3, empname: "Smith" }
] },
{ deptno: 20, deptname: "Sales", loc: "New Delhi", employees: [

{ empid: 4, empname: "Jones" },
{ empid: 5, empname: "John" }
] },
{ deptno: 30, deptname: "R&D", loc: "New Mumbai", employees: [

{ empid: 6, empname: "James" },
{ empid: 7, empname: "Mark" },
{ empid: 8, empname: "Potter" },
{ empid: 9, empname: "Jord" }
] }
];

var temp = "";

for (i=0; i < departments.length; i++)
{
var dept = departments[i];
temp += "<p>" + dept.deptno + ", " + dept.deptname + ", " + dept.loc
+ "</p>";
temp += "<table border='1' cellpadding='4px'>";
for (j=0; j < dept.employees.length; j++)
{
var emp = dept.employees[j];
temp += "<tr>";
temp += "<td>" + emp.empid + "</td>";
temp += "<td>" + emp.empname + "</td>";
temp += "</tr>";
}
temp += "</table>";
}
document.getElementById("div1").innerHTML = temp;
</script>
</body>
</html>

Prototype
Prototype
• Every JavaScript Object has a prototype.
• The “prototype” also is an object that represents the list of properties and
methods of its objects.
• We can add properties or methods to the object’s prototype; so that those
properties and methods will be automatically added to the corresponding
object.
Example on Prototype:
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript - Prototype</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript - Prototype</h1>
<script>
/*creating class*/
function Student(a, b, c, d, e)
{
this.studentid = a;
this.marks1 = c;
this.marks2 = d;
this.marks3 = e;
this.totalmarks = 0;
this.averagemarks = 0;
this.grade = "";
}
Student.prototype.calculatetotalmarks = function()
{
this.totalmarks = this.marks1 + this.marks2 + this.marks3;
};
Student.prototype.calculateaveragemarks = function()

{
this.averagemarks = this.totalmarks / 3;
};
Student.prototype.calculategrade = function()
{
if (this.marks1 >= 35 && this.marks2 >=35 && this.marks3 >= 35)
{
if (this.averagemarks >= 80 && this.averagemarks <=100)
{
this.grade = "A grade";
}
else if (this.averagemarks >= 60 && this.averagemarks < 80)
{
this.grade = "B grade";
}
{
this.grade = "C grade";
}
{
this.grade = "D grade";
}
}
else
{
this.grade = "Fail";
}
};
/*creating objects*/
var student1 = new Student(101, "scott", 70, 85, 90);
var student2 = new Student(102, "allen", 80, 45, 77);
/* call methods */
student1.calculatetotalmarks();
student1.calculateaveragemarks();
student1.calculategrade();
student2.calculatetotalmarks();
student2.calculateaveragemarks();
student2.calculategrade();

/* display output */
document.write("Student ID: " + student1.studentid);
document.write("Student Name: " + student1.studentname);
document.write("Marks 1: " + student1.marks1);
document.write("Total Marks: " + student1.totalmarks);
document.write("Average Marks: " + student1.averagemarks);
document.write("Grade: " + student1.grade);
document.write("<hr>");
document.write("Student ID: " + student2.studentid);

document.write("Student Name: " + student2.studentname);
document.write("Total Marks: " + student2.totalmarks);
document.write("Average Marks: " + student2.averagemarks);
document.write("Grade: " + student2.grade);
</script>
</body>
</html>

Inheritance
Inheritance
• The process of creating a prototype based on another prototype is called as
“inheritance”.
• So all the properties and methods of the parent prototype is inherited into
the child prototype.
• Syntax:
function parent(arguments)
{
…
}
function child(arguments)
{
parent.call(this, arguments);
…
}
Example on Inheritance:
<html>
<head>
<title>Inheritance</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Inheritance</h1>

<script>
/*parent class*/
function Person(a, b)
{
this.name = a;
this.email = b;
}
/*child class 1*/
{
Person.call(this, a, b);
this.marks = c;
}
/*child class 2*/
function Employee(a, b, c)
{
Person.call(this, a, b);
this.salary = c;
}
/*creating objects*/
var stu = new Student("scott", "scott@gmail.com", 70);
var emp = new Employee("allen", "allen@gmail.com", 8000);
/* display output */
document.write("<h3>Student</h3>");
document.write("Name: " + stu.name);
document.write("Email: " + stu.email);
document.write("Marks: " + stu.marks);
document.write("<hr>");
document.write("<h3>Employee</h3>");
document.write("Name: " + emp.name);
document.write("Email: " + emp.email);
document.write("Salary: " + emp.salary);
</script>
</body>
</html>

Clousers
Clousers
• “Clousers” are used to create private variables that are accessible to only a
set of methods.
• Syntax:
var functionname = function( )
{
var variablename = value;
return {
method: function( )
{
code
},
method: function( )
{
code
}
};
};
new functionname( );
Examples on Clousers:
<html>
<head>
<title>Clousers</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Clousers</h1>
<script>
var Sample = function ()
{
var x = 0;
return {
increment: function()
{
x++;

},
decrement: function()
{
x--;
},
getValue: function()
{
return x;
}
};
};
var s = new Sample();
console.log(s.getValue()); //Output: 0
s.increment();
s.increment();
s.decrement();
</script>
</body>
</html>

Hoisting
Hoisting
• JavaScript automatically lifts-up the variable declarations to top of the
program or top of the function. This is called as “Hoisting”.
• Note: Variable declarations cum initializations are not lifted-up.
Example on Hoisting:
<html>
<head>
<title>Hoisting</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hoisting</h1>
<script>
x = 5;
console.log(x);
var x; //lifted-up
</script>
</body>
</html>

HTML 5

Introduction to HTML 5
Introduction to HTML 5
• “HTML 5” is the latest version of HTML.
• Goal of HTM L5: To meet the latest requirements of client devices,
programmers and users.
• HTML 4 was released in 1999.
• HTML 5 was released in 2014.
• HTML 4 supports almost all the tags of HTML 4.
• HTML 5 provides many new features.
New Concepts of HTML 5

1. New DOCTYPE
2. New Input Types
3. New Input Attributes
4. <audio>
5. <video>
6. <article>
7. <details> and <summary>
8. <figure>
9. <datalist>
10. <Progress>
11. <meter>
12. <output>
13. Semantic Tags
14. Storage
15. Geo Location
16. Web Workers
17. Drag and Drop
18. Offline Apps / App Cache
19. Server Sent Events
20. Canvas
21. SVG

Removed Tags
Removed Tags
• The following tags have been removed in HTML 5.
1. <acronym>
o Use <abbr> tag instead.
2. <applet>
o Java applets is out-dated concept.
3. <basefont>
o Use CSS to set the default font.
4. <big>
o Use CSS to increase text size.
5. <center>
o Use CSS to set center alignment.
6. <dir>
o Use <ul> or <ol> to display list of items.
7. <font>
o Use CSS to set font.
8. <frame>
o Use <iframe>.
9. <frameset>
o Use <iframe>
10. <noframes>
o Use <iframe>
11. <strike>
o Use CSS to set strikeout.
12. <tt>
o Use CSS to change font.
13. <bgsound>

o Use <audio> tag to play audio.
14. <marquee>
o Use CSS / jQuery for animations.
15. <u>
o Use CSS to set underline.

Removed Attributes
Removed Attributes
• The following attributes have been removed in HTML 5.
Sl. No Tag Attribute Description

1 <body> background, bgcolor, link, alink, Use CSS instead.
vlink, text
2 <h1> to <h6> align Use CSS instead.
3 <p> align Use CSS instead.
4 <hr> align, noshade, size, width Use CSS instead.
5 <input> align Use CSS instead.
6 <img> align, border Use CSS instead.
7 <table> align, bgcolor, cellpadding, Use CSS instead.
cellspacing, width
8 <td>, <th> align, valign, bgcolor, width, height Use CSS instead.
9 <div> align Use CSS instead.

New DOCTYPE
New DOCTYPE for HTML 5
• The DOCTYPE directive tells the browser, about the version of html that you
are using in the current web page; so that the browser loads the page
correctly as per the specified version.
<!DOCTYPE html>

HTML 5 – First Example
HTML 5 – First Example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Content here</h1>
</body>
</html>

New Input Types
List of Input Types in HTML 4:
• The following options available in “type” attribute of <input> tag.
1. <input type=”text”>
o Used to create a textbox to accept text value.
2. <input type=”password”>
o Used to create a password textbox to accept password.
3. <input type=”checkbox”>
o Used to create a checkbox to to display yes / no type option.
4. <input type=”radio”>
o Used to create a radio button to display a set of options to user and
allow the user to select one option.
5. <input type=”file”>
o Used to display a browse button to allow the user to select a file.
6. <input type=”hidden”>
o Used to submit a hidden value to server.
7. <input type=”button”>
o Used to display an option for the user.
8. <input type=”submit”>
o Used to create submit button to submit form data to server.
9. <input type=”reset”>
o Used to create reset button to clear values of textboxes and other
form elements.
10. <input type=”image”>

o Used to create image submit button to submit form data to server.

• The following options are newly introduced in “type” attribute of <input> tag.
1. <input type=”color”>
o Used to create a color box, where the user can select a color.
2. <input type=”date”>
o Used to accept date using date picker.
3. <input type=”time”>
o Used to accept time.
4. <input type=”datetime-local”>
o Used to accept date and time also.
5. <input type=”month”>
o Used to accept a month using month picker.
6. <input type=”week”>
o Used to accept a week using week picker.
7. <input type=”search”>
o Used to create search textbox.
8. <input type=”number”>
o Used to accept a number.
9. <input type=”range”>
o Used to display slider based on the range (minimum to maximum).
10. <input type=”email”>

o Used to accept email address.
11. <input type=”url”>

o Used to accept website url.

Example on New Input Types - Color:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>color</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>color</h1>
Color: <input type="color" name="x"><br>
<input type="submit" value="Submit" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
Example on New Input Types - Date:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>date</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 25px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>date</h1>
Date: <input type="date" name="x"><br>

</form>
</body>
</html>
Example on New Input Types - Time:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>time</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 25px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>time</h1>
Time: <input type="time" name="x"><br>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Example on New Input Types – Datetime-local:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>datetime-local</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 30px;

}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>datetime-local</h1>
Date and Time: <input type="datetime-local" name="x"><br />
</form>
</body>
</html>
Example on New Input Types – Month:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Month</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Month</h1>
Month: <input type="month" name="x"><br>
</form>
</body>
</html>

Example on New Input Types – Week:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>week</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>week</h1>
Week: <input type="week" name="x"><br />
</form>
</body>
</html>
Example on New Input Types – Search:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>search</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 25px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>search</h1>
Search: <input type="search" name="x"><br />

</form>
</body>
</html>
Example on New Input Types – Number:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>number</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>number</h1>
Number: <input type="number" name="x"><br>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Example on New Input Types – Range:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>range</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 25px;
}

</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>range</h1>
Range: <input type="range" name="x" min="0" max="5"><br>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Example on New Input Types – Email:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>email</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>email</h1>
Email: <input type="email" name="x"> <br>
</form>
</body>
</html>

Example on New Input Types – Url:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>url</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>url</h1>
<form>
URL: <input type="url" name="x"><br>
</form>
</body>
</html>

New Input Attributes
• The following attributes are newly introduced in <input> tag.
1. placeholder
o Used to display watermark text in the textbox.
o Syntax: <input type=”text” placeholder=”any text”>
2. autofocus
o Used to display the cursor directly in the specific textbox, when the
web page opened in the browser.
o Syntax: <input type=”text” autofocus=”autofocus”>
3. required
o Used to make the field (textbox) as mandatory. If the textbox is empty,
it shows error message automatically and the form will not be
submitted to server.
o Syntax: <input type=”text” required=”required”>
4. pattern
o Used to apply a regular expression for the textbox for validation
purpose.
o Regular expression represents “pattern” of the value.
o Ex: Alphabets only allowed, numbers only allowed etc.
o Syntax: <input type=”text” pattern=”regular expression here”>
5. min
o Specifies the minimum value.
o Applicable only for <input type=”number”>, <input type=”range”> and
<input type=”date”>.
o Syntax: <input type=”number | range | date” min=”minimum”>
6. max
o Specifies the maximum value.
o Applicable only for <input type=”number”>, <input type=”range”> and
<input type=”date”>.
o Syntax: <input type=”number | range | date” max=”maximum”>

7. step
o Specifies increment / decrement value for <input type=”number”>
o Syntax: <input type=”number” step=”value”>
8. novalidate
o Disables the built-in HTML 5 validations, such as required, min, max,
email, date, number etc.
o Syntax: <form novalidate=”novalidate”></form>
o Syntax: <input type=”submit” formnovalidate=”formnovalidate”>
9. formaction
o Specifies server url, to which you want to submit the form.
o Syntax: <input type=”submit” formaction=”url”>
10. formmethod
o Specifies type of submission: GET | POST
o Syntax: <input type=”submit” formmethod=”get | post”>
11. formtarget
o Opens the server page in a new browser tab, while submitting.
o Syntax: <input type=”submit” formtarget=”_target”>
12. form
o Used to make the the element as a member of the form; so that the
element also will be submitted along with other elements, while
submitting the form.
o Syntax: <input type=”text” form=”id of form here”>
13. multiple
o Allows the user to select multiple files in <input type=”file”>
o Syntax: <input type=”file” multiple=”multiple”>
14. autocomplete
o Browser automatically stores the history of textbox values and display
the same in the textbox that has same name.
o The “autocomplete” attribute disables this feature.
o Syntax: <input type=”text” autocomplete=”off”>
o Syntax: <form autocomplete=”off”></form>

Example on Placeholder:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>placeholder</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>placeholder</h1>
<input type="text" placeholder="First Name"
name="firstname"><br>
<input type="text" placeholder="Last Name"
name="lastname"><br>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Example on Autofocus:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>autofocus</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 25px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h1>autofocus</h1>
First name:<br>
<input type="text" name="firstname" autofocus="autofocus"><br>
Last name:<br>
<input type="text" name="lastname"><br>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Example on Required:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>required</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>required</h1>
Username:
<input type="text" name="Username" required="required"
title="Please enter your name">
</form>
</body>
</html>

Example on Pattern:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>pattern</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>pattern</h1>
Person Name:<br>
<input type="text" pattern="^[a-zA-Z ]*$" title="Only alphabets
allowed"><br>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Example on Min and Max:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>min and max</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<h1>min and max</h1>
Quantity (between 1 and 50):<br>
<input type="number" name="quantity" min="1" max="50">
<br><br>
DOB:<br>
<input type="date" name="dateofbirth" min="1980-1-1"
max="2017-12-31">
<br><br>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Example on Step:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>step</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>step</h1>
Amount: <input type="number" name="amount" step="10"><br>
</form>
</body>
</html>

Example on Novalidate:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>novalidate</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>novalidate</h1>
<form action="http://localhost/someaddress"
novalidate="novalidate" method="get">
<label for="txt1">E-mail:</label><br>
<input type="email" name="email" id="txt1"
required="required"><br>
<label for="txt2">Age:</label><br>
<input type="number" name="age" id="txt2" min="18"
max="70"><br>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Example on Formaction Formmethod Formtarget:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>formaction formmethod formtarget</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 30px;
}

</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>formaction formmethod formtarget</h1>
<form>
First name:<br>
<input type="text" name="FirstName"><br>
Last name:<br>
<input type="text" name="LastName"><br>
<input type="submit" formaction="http://localhost/someaddress"
formmethod="get" formtarget="_blank" value="Submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
Example on Form:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>form</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>form</h1>
<form action="http://localhost/someaddress" id="form1">
First name:<br>
<input type="text" name="firstname" id="txt1"><br>
</form>
<hr>
Last name (logically member of form1):<br>
<input type="text" name="lastname" id="txt2" form="form1">
</body>
</html>

Example on Multiple:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>multiple</title>
body, input
{
font-family: 'tahoma';
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>multiple</h1>
Select images:
<input type="file" name="myfiles" multiple="multiple"><br>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Example on Autocomplete:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>autocomplete</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 25px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>autocomplete</h1>

First name:<br>
<input type="text" name="firstname"><br>
Last name:<br>
<input type="text" name="lastname" autocomplete="off"><br>
</form>
</body>
</html>

<audio>
<audio>
• The <audio> tag plays an audio file in the web page.
• We have to maintain the audio file in the following formats:
o .mp3 : IE, Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Opera
o .ogg : Chrome, Firefox, Opera
• Syntax:
<audio autoplay=”autoplay” controls=”controls”>
<source src=”filename.mp3” type=”audio/mp3”>
<source src=”filename.ogg” type=”audio/ogg”>
</audio>
Note: The browsers play the first possible file.
Example on <audio>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>audio</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<audio autoplay="autoplay" controls="controls">
<source src="rain.mp3" type="audio/mp3">
<source src="rain.ogg" type="audio/ogg">
</audio>
</body>
</html>
Note: Copy “rain.mp3” and “rain.ogg” files into current folder.

<video>
<video>
• The <video> tag plays a video file in the web page.
• We have to maintain the audio file in the following formats:
o .mp4 : IE, Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Opera
o .webm : Chrome, Firefox, Opera
o .ogg : Chrome, Firefox, Opera
• Syntax:
<video autoplay=”autoplay” controls=”controls” width=”pixels”
height=”pixels”>
<source src=”filename.mp4” type=”video/mp4”>
<source src=”filename.ogg” type=”video/ogg”>
<source src=”filename.webm” type=”video/webm”>
</video>
Note: The browsers play the first possible file.
Example on <video>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>video</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>video</h1>
<video autoplay="autoplay" controls="controls" width="600px"
height="350px">
<source src="trailer.mp4" type="video/mp4">
<source src="trailer.ogg" type="video/ogg">

<source src="trailer.webm" type="video/webm">
</video>
</body>
</html>
Note: Copy “trailer.mp4”, “trailer.ogg” and “trailer.webm” files into current folder.

<article>
<article>
• The <article> tag represents “heading” and “one or more paragraphs”.
• Syntax:
<article>
Content here
</article>
Example on <article>:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>article</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<article>
<h3>Some heading</h3>
<p>Some content here.</p>
</article>
<article>
<h3>another heading</h3>
<p>another paragraph.</p>
</article>
</body>
</html>

Semantic Tags
Semantic Tags
• The following semantic tags are recommended in HTML 5.
• These are used to make the outline of the web page easy to understand.
HTML 4 HTML 5
<div id=”header”> <header>
</div> </header>
<div id=”nav”> <nav>
</div> </nav>
<div id=”leftcol”> <section id=”leftcol”>
</div> </section>
<div id=”pagecontent”> <section id=”pagecontent”>
</div> </section>
<div id=”footer”> <footer>
</div> </footer>
<div id=”rightcol”> <aside>
</div> </aside>
Example on Semantic Tags:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>HTML 5 - Semantic Tags</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 25px;
}
</style>

</head>
<body>
<header>
this is header area
</header>
<nav>
this is navigation area
</nav>
<section>
this is content area
</section>
<aside>
this is side bar area
</aside>
<footer>
this is footer area
</footer>
</body>
</html>

<details> and <summary>
<details> and <summary>
• <details> and <summary> tags are used to allow the user expand / collapse
some information, when the user clicks on the heading.
• Syntax:
<details>
<summary>heading</summary>
content
</details>
Example on <details> and <summary>:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>details and summary</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>details and summary</h1>
<details>
<summary>iPhone 6 Plus</summary>
<p>The original iPhone introduced the world to Multi-Touch,
forever changing the way people experience technology.</p>
</details>
</body>
</html>

<figure> and <figcaption>
<figure> and <figcaption>
• <figure> and <figcaption> tags are used to represent an image along with its
description.
• Search engines like google can identify the image based on its description.
Syntax:
<figure>
<img src=”filename.extension”>
<figcaption>description here</figcaption>
</figure>
Example on <figure> and <figcaption>:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>figure</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>figure</h1>
<figure>
<img src="pulpit.jpg" alt="The Pulpit Rock" width="304"
height="228">
<figcaption>Pulpit rock in Norway</figcaption>
</figure>
</body>
</html>
Note: Copy and paste “pulpit.jpg” into current folder.

<datalist>
<datalist>
• It is used to display search suggestions in the textbox.
Syntax:
<datalist id=”id here”>
<option value=”value 1”>text</option>
<option value=”value 1”>text</option>
…
</datalist>
<input type=”text” list=”id here”>
Example on <datalist>:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Datalist</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 25px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>datalist</h1>
<form>
Search:
<input type="text" list="list1">
<datalist id="list1">
<option value="Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank"></option>
<option value="Allahabad Bank"></option>
<option value="Andhra Bank"></option>
<option value="Axis Bank"></option>

<option value="Bank Of America"></option>
<option value="Bank Of Bahrain And Kuwait"></option>
<option value="Bank Of Baroda"></option>
<option value="Bank of India"></option>
<option value="Bank of Maharashtra"></option>
<option value="Canara Bank"></option>
<option value="Central Bank of India"></option>
<option value="City Bank"></option>
<option value="City Union Bank"></option>
<option value="Corporation Bank"></option>
<option value="Dhanlaxmi Bank"></option>
<option value="Federal Bank"></option>
<option value="HDFC Bank"></option>
<option value="HSBC Bank"></option>
<option value="ICICI Bank"></option>
<option value="IDBI Bank"></option>
<option value="Indian Bank"></option>
<option value="Indian Overseas Bank"></option>
<option value="IndusInd Bank"></option>
<option value="ING Vysya Bank"></option>
<option value="Jammu and Kashmir Bank"></option>
<option value="Karnataka Bank"></option>
<option value="Kotak Mahindra Bank"></option>
<option value="Lakshmi Vilas Bank"></option>
<option value="Nainital Bank Limited"></option>
<option value="Oman International Bank"></option>
<option value="Oriental Bank of Commerce"></option>
<option value="Punjab National Bank"></option>
<option value="Ratnakar Bank"></option>
<option value="Reserve Bank Of India"></option>
<option value="Royal Bank Of Scotland"></option>
<option value="South Indian Bank"></option>
<option value="Standard Chartered Bank"></option>
<option value="State Bank of India"></option>
<option value="Syndicate Bank"></option>
<option value="Tamilnad Mercantile Bank"></option>
<option value="UCO Bank"></option>
<option value="Union Bank of India"></option>
<option value="United Bank of India"></option>
<option value="Vijaya Bank"></option>
<option value="Yes Bank Ltd"></option>
</datalist>

</form>
</body>
</html>

<progress>
<progress>
• It is used to display the progress of a task.
• Ex: Downloading progress, Uploading progress.
Syntax:
<progress min=”minimum” max=”maximum”>
</progress>
Example on <progress>:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>progress</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 25px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
Progress:
<progress min="0" max="100" value="80">
</progress>
</body>
</html>

<meter>
<meter>
• It is used to display percentage of utilization.
• Ex: Disk usage.
Syntax:
<meter min=”minimum” max=”maximum”>
</meter>
Example on <meter>:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>meter</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 25px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>meter</h1>
Disk usage:
<meter min="0" max="100" value="60">
</meter>
</body>
</html>

<output>
<output>
• It is used to display the result of some calculation.
• Ex: Displaying “tax” based on “amount”.
Syntax:
<output id=”id here” >
</output>
Example on <output>:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>output</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 25px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>output</h1>
<form>
Product Price:<br>
<input type="text" name="a" value="1000"><br>
Discount:<br>
<input type="text" name="b" value="50"><br>
Net Price:
<output name="c" for="a b"></output>
</form>
<script>
document.getElementsByName("a")[0].addEventListener("keyup",
fun1);

document.getElementsByName("b")[0].addEventListener("keyup",
fun1);
function fun1()
{
var val1 = document.getElementsByName("a")[0].value;
var val2 = document.getElementsByName("b")[0].value;
var val3 = parseInt(val1) - parseInt(val2);
document.getElementsByName("c")[0].value = val3;
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Local Storage
Local Storage
• “Local Storage” is used to store some data in the browser memory
permanently, until you manually delete the data (or) clear the browser
history.
• Ex: Google login page stores your name, email and photo on successful login,
with “Stay signed in” checkbox.
Setting data into Local Storage

localStorage.property = value;
(or)
localStorage.setItem(“property”, “value”);
Getting data from Local Storage

localStorage.property
(or)
localStorage.getItem(“property”);
Example on Local Storage:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>local Storage</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 25px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Local Storage</h1>

<form>
Name:<br>
<input type="text" id="username"><br>
Email:<br>
<input type="text" id="email"><br>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="Set data into local
storage">
<input type="button" id="button2" value="Get data from local
storage">
</form>
<script>
fun1);
function fun1()
{
var username = document.getElementById("username").value;
var email = document.getElementById("email").value;
localStorage.username = username;
localStorage.email = email;
document.getElementById("username").value = "";
document.getElementById("email").value = "";
alert("Saved");
}
fun2);
function fun2()
{
var username = localStorage.username;
var email = localStorage.email;
document.getElementById("username").value = username;
document.getElementById("email").value = email;
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Session Storage
Session Storage
• “Session Storage” is used to store some data in the browser memory
temporarily, until the browser gets closed.
• Ex: Facebook stores your email and password after login.
Setting data into Session Storage

sessionStorage.property = value;
(or)
sessionStorage.setItem(“property”, “value”);
Getting data from Session Storage

sessionStorage.property
(or)
sessionStorage.getItem(“property”);
Example on Session Storage:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Session Storage</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 25px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Session Storage</h1>
<form>
Name:<br>

<input type="text" id="username"><br>
Email:<br>
<input type="text" id="email"><br>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="Set data into session
storage">
<input type="button" id="button2" value="Get data from session
storage">
</form>
<script>
fun1);
function fun1()
{
var username = document.getElementById("username").value;
var email = document.getElementById("email").value;
sessionStorage.username = username;
sessionStorage.email = email;
document.getElementById("username").value = "";
document.getElementById("email").value = "";
alert("Saved");
}
fun2);
function fun2()
{
var username = sessionStorage.username;
var email = sessionStorage.email;
document.getElementById("username").value = username;
document.getElementById("email").value = email;
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Geo Location
Geo Location
• “Geo Location” concept is used to identify the current location of the client
device.
• Geo Location returns latitude, longitude values of the client device location,
based on which you can display maps, driving directions, traffic, address etc.
Steps for development of Geo Location

• Send request to server to get geo location:
navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(successcallback, failurecallback,
{ timeout: milli seconds } );
• Receive the latitude, longitude values:

function successcallback(event)
{
event.coords.latitude
event.coords.longitude
}
Example on Geo Location:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>HTML 5 - Geo Location</title>
body
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

Latitude: <span id="span1"></span><br>
Longitude: <span id="span2"></span>
<script>
navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(fun1, fun2, { timeout:
6000 } );
{
event.coords.latitude;
event.coords.longitude;
}
function fun2()
{
alert("Error");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Example on Geo Location – with area name:

<html>
<head>
<title>GeoLocation</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>GeoLocation</h1>
<script src="https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/js">
</script>
<script>
window.navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(onsuccess,
onerror, { timeout: 5000 });
function onsuccess(event)

{
document.getElementById("div1").innerHTML =
event.coords.latitude;
event.coords.longitude;
var geocoder = new google.maps.Geocoder();

var latlng = new google.maps.LatLng(event.coords.latitude,
event.coords.longitude);
geocoder.geocode( {'latLng': latlng}, fun3 );
function fun3(results, status)
{
if (status == google.maps.GeocoderStatus.OK)
{
if (results[0])
{
var areaname= results[0].formatted_address ;
areaname;
}
else
{
alert("address not found");
}
}
else
{
alert("Geocoder failed due to: " + status);
}
}
}
function onerror()
{
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Web Workers
Web Workers
• “Web Workers” concept is used to execute a javascript file in background,
without effecting the actual performance of the page.
Steps for development of Web Workers

• Create a javascript file (for async execution):
filename.js
Any js code here
postMessage(value);
Note: We can’t access DOM in the async javascript file. We have to use
postMessage() function to pass data from the javascript file to the web page.
• Create an object for “Worker” class:

var w = new Worker(“filename.js”);
The “Worker” class represents an async javascript file.
• Receive message (data) from async javascript file:

w.onmessage = functionname;
{
event.data
}

Example on Web Workers:
webworkers.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Web Workers</title>
body
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<script>
var worker = new Worker("script.js");
worker.addEventListener("message", fun1);
{
document.getElementById("div1").innerHTML = event.data;
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
script.js
var i = 0;
setInterval(sample, 100);
function sample()
{
i++;
postMessage(i);
}

Drag and Drop
Drag and Drop
• “Drag and Drop” concept allows the user to drag an element and drop into
another element.
Steps for development of Drag and Drop

• Create a draggable element:
<div id=”div1” draggable=”true”>
</div>
• Create a droppable element:

<div id=”div2”>
</div>
• Handle “dragstart” event of draggable element:

document.getElementById(“div1”).addEventListener(“dragstart”, fun1);
{
event.dataTransfer.setData(“variablename”, event.target.id);
}

Note: The “dragstart” event executes when the user starts
dragging the draggable element.
• Handle “dragover” event of droppable element:

document.getElementById(“div2”).addEventListener(“dragover”, fun2);
{
event.preventDefault( );
}
Note: The “dragover” event executes when the user drags the
draggable element and places it on the top of droppable
element.
• Handle “drop” event of droppable element:

document.getElementById(“div2”).addEventListener(“drop”, fun3);
{
var id = event.dataTransfer.getData(“variablename”);
document.getElementById(“div2”).appendChild(document.getElementB
yId(id”));
}
Note: The “drop” event executes when the user drops the
draggable element on the droppable element.
Example on Drag and Drop:

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<title>Drag and drop</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 30px;

}
#div1
{
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
padding: 10px;
float: left;
cursor: pointer;
}
#div2
{
width: 400px;
height: 400px;
padding: 10px;
border: 6px solid darkgreen;
float: left;
position: absolute;
left: 280px;
top: 5px;
cursor: pointer;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Drag and drop</h1>
<div id="div1" draggable="true">
<h1>div 1</h1>
</div>
<div id="div2">
<h1>div 2</h1>
</div>
<script>
document.getElementById("div1").addEventListener("dragstart",
fun1);
{
event.dataTransfer.setData("myvariable", event.target.id); //we
are storing "div1" into "myvariable"

}
document.getElementById("div2").addEventListener("dragover",
fun2);
{
event.preventDefault(); //stop the default functionality
}
document.getElementById("div2").addEventListener("drop", fun3);
{
var id = event.dataTransfer.getData("myvariable"); //we are
getting "div1" from "myvariable"
document.getElementById("div2").appendChild(document.getElementB
yId(id));
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Offline Apps
Offline Apps
• “Offline Apps” concept enables the browser to load the web page from the
server for the first time and store it in the browser memory; but second time
onwards, it loads the page from the browser memory directly, instead of
loading it from the server.
• Advantage: The user can view the web page, even without network
connection.
Steps for development of Offline Apps

• Create a “manifest” file:
filename.appcache
CACHE MANIFEST
#id
filename.jpg
filename.css
filename.js
• Set the “manifest” file to the html file:

<html manifest=”filename.appcache”>
Example on Offline Apps:

c:\html\StyleSheet1.css
body,input
{
font-size: 16px;
}

c:\html\JavaScript.js
function fun1()
{
alert("hai");
}
c:\html\sample.appcache
CACHE MANIFEST
# 101
JavaScript.js
StyleSheet1.css
img1.jpg
c:\html\index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html manifest="sample.appcache">
<head>
<link href="StyleSheet1.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<h1>Heading</h1>
<p>para</p>
<p><input type="button" value="Click me" id="btn1"></p>
<p><img src="img1.jpg" width="250"></p>
<script>
</script>
</body>
</html>

Execution:
• Download and install “nodejs” from “https://nodejs.org”
• Open “Command Prompt” and run the following commands:
npm install http-server -g
cd c:\html
http-server
• Open browser and enter the url: http://localhost:8080/index.html

Server Sent Events
Server Sent Events
• Browser send a request to server and gets continuous responses from server.
• Ex: Cricket score board, election results, share market etc.
Steps for development of Offline Apps

• Create a server side program:
- Set the response content type as “text/event-stream”

- Write data to response object
- Flush the response
• Create a html page and call the server program:

var variablename = new EventSource(“server url”);
variablename.onmessage = functionname;
{
//event.data = response from server
}
Example on Server Sent Events:

c:\html\httpserver.js
var http = require("http");

var fs = require("fs");

var server = http.createServer(engine);
server.listen(8080, startup);
function startup()
{
console.log("Server started at port 8080");
}
function engine(request, response)

{
if (request.url == "/" || request.url == "/index.html")
{
fs.readFile("index.html", "utf8", fun1);
function fun1(error, data)
{
if (error)
{
response.setHeader("content-type", "text/html");
response.writeHead(404);
response.write("<h1 style='color:red'>Page not found</h1>");
response.end();
}
else
{
response.write(data);
response.end();
}
}
}
else if (request.url.startsWith("/getdata"))
{
console.log("request received at " + new Date().toLocaleTimeString());
response.setHeader("content-type", "text/event-stream");
response.write("data: Response at " + new Date().toLocaleTimeString()
+ "\n\n");
response.end();
}
}

c:\html\index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Server sent events</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Server sent events</h1>
<div id="result"></div>
<script>
var source = new EventSource("/getdata");
source.addEventListener("message", fun1);
{
document.getElementById("result").innerHTML += event.data +
"<br>";
};
</script>
</body>
</html>
Execution:
cd c:\html
node httpserver.js

Canvas
Canvas
• Canvas concept is used to create graphics in the web page programmatically.
Creating Canvas Container

<canvas id=”canvas1” style=”border:4px solid black” width=”pixels”
height=”pixels”>
</canvas>
Get context of canvas

Context = It is an object, which is used to write graphics on the canvas.
var ctx = document.getElementById(“id”).getContext(“2d”);
strokeStyle
It specifies color of the stroke (line).
ctx.strokeStyle = “color name”;
lineWidth
It specifies thickness of the stroke (line).
ctx.lineWidth = pixels;
strokeRect
It draws a rectangle, with a line.
ctx.strokeRect(x, y, width, height);

fillStyle
It specifies fill color.
ctx.fillStyle = “color name”;
fillRect
It draws a filled rectangle.
ctx.fillRect(x, y, width, height);
Example on Canvas:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Canvas - Rectangle</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Canvas - Rectangle</h1>
<canvas id="canvas1" style="border: 5px solid red" width="600px"
height="400px">
</canvas>
<script>
var c = document.getElementById("canvas1").getContext("2d");
c.fillStyle = "pink";
c.fillRect(50, 50, 100, 100);
c.strokeStyle = "blue";
c.lineWidth = 10;
c.strokeRect(200, 50, 200, 200);
</script>
</body>
</html>

SVG
SVG
• SVG stands for Scalable Vector Graphics.
• Both Canvas and SVG are used to create graphics in the web page.
• Canvas losses its quality, if zoom is increased; but SVG is not.
• Canvas is “JavaScript-based”; SVG is “CSS-based”.
Syntax to create SVG container

<svg xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/2000/svg” version=”1.1” style=”border:4px
solid black” width=”pixels” height=”pixels”>
Graphic elements here
</svg>
Example on SVG:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>svg</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>svg</h1>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1"
style="border:solid 1px red" width="400px" height="400px">
<rect x="50" y="50" width="300" height="100" style="fill:#99ff99;
stroke-width:5; stroke:blue" />
</svg>
</body>
</html>

CSS 3

Introduction to CSS 3
Introduction to CSS 3
• “CSS 3” is the latest version of “CSS” language.
• CSS 3 provides the following new features:
1. Resize
2. Word Wrap
3. RGBA
4. Border Radius
5. Box Shadow
6. Text Shadow
7. Multiple Columns
8. Transitions
9. Transformations
10. Animations
11. Gradient Colors
12. Font Face

Resize
Resize
• It is used to make an html element, resizable in the browser.
• Syntax: resize: horizontal | vertical | both;
• Example: resize: both;
Example on Resize:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>CSS 3 - Resize</title>
body
{
font-size: 30px;
}
#div1
{
border: 2px solid;
padding: 10px 40px;
width: 500px;
resize: both; /*Options: none | both | horizontal | vertical */
overflow: auto;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting


Lorem Ipsum.
</body>
</html>

Word Wrap
Word Wrap
• It is used to split the long words into next line.
• Syntax: word-wrap: break-word;
• Example: word-wrap: break-word;
Example on Word Wrap:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>CSS 3 - Word Wrap</title>
p.test1
{
width: 270px;
border: 1px solid #000000;
}
p.test2
{
width: 270px;
border: 1px solid #000000;
word-wrap: break-word;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p class="test1">This paragraph contains a very long word:
thisisaveryveryveryveryveryverylongword. The long word will break and
wrap to the next line.</p>
<p class="test2">This paragraph contains a very long word:
thisisaveryveryveryveryveryverylongword. The long word will break and
wrap to the next line.</p>
</body>
</html>

RGBA
RGBA
• It is used to apply transparency to the background color only, instead of
applying transparency for the content.
• Syntax: rgba(red, green, blue, alpha)
Red = 0 to 255
Green = 0 to 255
Blue = 0 to 255
Alpha = 0 to 1
Example on RGBA:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>CSS 3 - RGBA</title>
body
{
font-size: 30px;
}
#div1
{
border: 2px solid #a1a1a1;
padding: 10px 40px;
width: 300px;
background-color: rgba(50, 180, 110, 0.6); /*Syntax: rgba(red, green,
blue, opacity) */
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1">Hello how are you!!</div>

</body>
</html>

Border Radius
Border Radius
• It is used to apply rounded corners for any html element.
• Syntax: border-radius: pixels;
• Example: border-radius: 10px;
Border Radius – Cornerwise

• Syntax: border-radius: topleft topright bottomright bottomleft;
• Example: border-radius: 10px 20px 15px 5px;
Example on Border Radius:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>CSS 3 - Border Radius</title>
body
{
font-size: 30px;
}
#div1
{
padding: 10px 40px;
background-color: pink;
width: 300px;
border-radius: 40px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1">The border-radius property allows you to add rounded
corners to elements.</div>
</body>

</html>
Example 2 on Border Radius:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
body, input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
input
{
padding: 5px;
color: white;
border-radius: 25px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<input type="text">
<input type="text">
</body>
</html>
Example 3 on Border Radius:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
body
{
font-size: 30px;

}
#p1
{
padding-left: 25px;
color: white;
width: 300px;
/* Syntax: border-radius: topLeft topRight bottomRight bottomLeft
*/
border-radius: 5px 45px 5px 45px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p id="p1">
The border-radius property allows you to add rounded corners to
elements.
</p>
</body>
</html>

Shadow
Box-Shadow
• It is used to apply shadow for the element.
• Syntax: box-shadow: HorizontalPosition VerticalPosition BlurRadius
Spread ShadowColor;
• Example: box-shadow: 5px 5px 5px 2px red;
Text-Shadow
• It is used to apply shadow for the text of the element.
• Syntax: text-shadow: HorizontalPosition VerticalPosition BlurRadius
ShadowColor;
• Example: text-shadow: 2px 2px 5px 1px red;
Example on Shadow:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>CSS 3 - Shadow</title>
body
{
font-size: 30px;
}
#div1
{
width: 300px;
height: 100px;
box-shadow: 15px 15px 10px 5px darkgreen;
text-shadow: 5px 5px 5px red;
}
#txt1
{
box-shadow: 15px 15px 10px 5px darkgreen;

text-shadow: 5px 5px 5px red;
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1">CSS 3 shadow example</div><br><br>
</body>
</html>

Multiple Columns
Multiple Columns
• It is used to divide the text of the element into multiple columns.
• Set no. of columns:
column-count: no. of columns;
-moz-column-count: no. of columns;
-webkit-column-count: no. of columns;
• Set column gap – distance between columns:

Column-gap: pixels;
-moz-column-gap: pixels;
-webkit-column-gap: pixels;
• Set column rule – divider line between the columns:

column-rule: width style color;
-moz-column-rule: width style color;
-webkit-column-rule: width style color;
-moz- : Mozilla Firefox

-webkit- : Chrome and Safari
Example on Multiple Columns

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>CSS 3 - Multiple Columns</title>
body
{
font-size: 23px;
}
.newspaper

{
border: 1px solid gray;
column-count: 4;
-moz-column-count: 4;
-webkit-column-count: 4;
column-gap: 40px;
-moz-column-gap: 40px;
-webkit-column-gap: 40px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="newspaper">Contrary to popular belief, Lorem Ipsum is not
simply random text. It has roots in a piece of classical Latin literature from
45 BC, making it over 2000 years old. Richard McClintock, a Latin professor
at Hampden-Sydney College in Virginia, looked up one of the more
obscure Latin words, consectetur, from a Lorem Ipsum passage, and going
through the cites of the word in classical literature, discovered the
undoubtable source. Lorem Ipsum comes from sections 1.10.32 and 1.10.33
of "de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum" (The Extremes of Good and Evil) by
Cicero, written in 45 BC. This book is a treatise on the theory of ethics, very
popular during the Renaissance. The first line of Lorem Ipsum, "Lorem
ipsum dolor sit amet..", comes from a line in section 1.10.32. The standard
chunk of Lorem Ipsum used since the 1500s is reproduced below for those
interested. Sections 1.10.32 and 1.10.33 from "de Finibus Bonorum et
Malorum" by Cicero are also reproduced in their exact original form,
accompanied by English versions from the 1914 translation by H.
Rackham.</div>
</body>
</html>

Transitions
Transitions
• Transition is a process of changing a CSS property’s value gradually, based on
the specified no. of seconds.
• Transitions support only pixels based color based properties. Ex: width,
height, opacity, font-size, border-width, background-color, color, border-
color etc.
• Syntax:
selector
{
property: startvalue;
transition: property seconds;
}
selector:hover
{
property: endvalue;
}
Example on Transitions - Width

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>CSS 3 - Transitions - Width</title>
body
{
font-size: 23px;
}

#div1
{
width: 300px;
height: 100px;
color: yellow;
transition: width 2s;
}
#div1:hover
{
width: 600px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1">hover me</div>
</body>
</html>
Example on Transitions - Height

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>CSS 3 - Transitions - Height</title>
body
{
font-size: 23px;
}
#div1
{
width: 300px;
height: 100px;
color: yellow;
transition: height 2s;
}
#div1:hover
{

height: 300px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
Example on Transitions – Font-size

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>CSS 3 - Transitions - Font-Size</title>
body
{
}
#div1
{
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
position: relative;
color: yellow;
font-size: 30px;
transition: font-size 3s;
}
#div1:hover
{
font-size: 60px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>

Example on Transitions – Multiple Properties
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>CSS 3 - Transitions - Multiple Properties</title>
body
{
font-size: 25px;
}
#div1
{
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
position: relative;
color: yellow;
font-size: 25px;
transition: background-color 2s, font-size 1s, width 2s;
}
#div1:hover
{
background-color: blue;
font-size: 50px;
width: 400px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
Example on Transitions – Opacity

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>CSS 3 - Transitions - Opacity</title>

body
{
font-size: 23px;
}
#div1
{
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
position: relative;
color: yellow;
opacity: 1;
transition: opacity 1.5s;
}
#div1:hover
{
opacity: 0;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
Example on Transitions – Position

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>CSS 3 - Transitions - Position</title>
body
{
font-size: 28px;
}
#div1
{
width: 200px;

height: 200px;
color: yellow;
position: relative;
left: 0px;
top: 0px;
transition: left 1.5s, top 1.5s;
}
#div1:hover
{
left: 50px;
top: 50px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>

Animations
Animations
• Animations are “group of transitions”, which will be performed one after
another.
• Syntax:
selector
{
animation: animationname seconds;
}
@keyframes animationname
{
0% { property:value; property:value; … },
100% { property:value; property:value; … }
}
Example on Animations - Width

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>CSS 3 - Animations - Colors</title>
body
{
font-size: 23px;
}
#div1
{

width: 200px;
height: 200px;
animation: animation1 10s;
}
@keyframes animation1
{
0% { background-color: red; }
25% { background-color: yellow; }
50% { background-color: blue; }
100% { background-color: green; }
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
Example on Animations - Position

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>CSS 3 - Animations - Position</title>
body
{
font-size: 23px;
}
#div1
{
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
position: relative;
animation: animation1 20s;
}
@keyframes animation1
{

0% { background-color: red; left: 0px; top: 0px;}
25% { background-color: yellow; left: 200px; top: 0px;}
50% { background-color: blue; left: 200px; top: 200px;}
75% { background-color: green; left: 0px; top: 200px;}
100% { background-color: red; left: 0px; top: 0px;}
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
Example on Animations – Infinite Alternate

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>CSS 3 - Animations - Infinite alternate</title>
body
{
font-size: 23px;
}
#div1
{
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
position: relative;
animation: myanimation 10s 5s infinite alternate;
}
@keyframes myanimation
{
0% { background-color: red; left: 0px; top: 0px; }
25% { background-color: yellow; left: 200px; top: 0px; }
50% { background-color: blue; left: 200px; top: 200px; }
75% { background-color: green; left: 0px; top: 200px; }
100% { background-color: red; left: 0px; top: 0px; }

}
</style>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>

Transformations
Transformations
• Transformations are used to display the element in a different visual
dimension.
• Types of transformations:
1. Rotate Transformation
2. Skew Transformation
3. Scale Transformation
4. Translate Transformation
1. Rotate Transformations
• It is used to rotate the element, based on the specifies no. of degrees. Ex:
45deg.
• Syntax: transform: rotate(degrees);
• Example: transform: rotate(45deg);
2. Skew Transformations
• It wrists the element.
• Syntax: transform: skew(degrees);
• Example: transform: skew(30deg);
3. Scale Transformations
• It shows the element in large size / small size, visually.
• Syntax: transform: scale(number);
• Example: transform: scale(2);
1 = 100% size
2 = 200% size

0.5 = 50% size
1.5 = 150% size
…
4. Translate Transformations
• It changes the visual position of the element.
• Syntax: transform: translate(x, y);
• Example: transform: translate(30px, 30px);
Multiple Transformations
• We can apply more than one transformation at-a-time.
• Syntax: transform: rotate(degrees) scale(n) translate(x, y) skew(degrees);
• Example:
transform: rotate(40deg) scale(1.5) translate(30px, 30px) skew(20deg);
transform-origin
• This property specifies the fixed point for rotate transformation and sale
transformation etc.
• Syntax: transform-origin: top left | top center | top right | center left |
center center | center right | bottom left |
bottom center | bottom right;
• Example: transform-origin: top left;
Example on Rotate Transformation

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS 3 - Transformations - Rotate Transformation</title>

body
{
font-size: 25px;
}
#div1
{
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
background-color: #00CCFF;
margin-left: 150px;
cursor: pointer;
box-shadow: 10px 10px 10px 10px #ff0000;
}
#div1:hover
{
transform: rotate(45deg); /* 0 to 360 deg */
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h3>CSS 3 Transformations - Rotate Transformation</h3>
</body>
</html>
Example on Scale Transformation

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS 3 - Transformations - Scale Transformation</title>
body
{
font-size: 25px;
}
#div1
{
width: 200px;
height: 200px;

margin-left: 150px;
cursor: pointer;
}
#div1:hover
{
background-color: #0099FF;
transform: scale(1.5); /*0 to n*/
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h3>CSS 3 Transformations - Scale Transformation</h3>
</body>
</html>
Example on Skew Transformation

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS 3 - Transformations - Skew Transformation</title>
body
{
font-size: 25px;
}
#div1
{
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
margin-left: 150px;
cursor: pointer;
}
#div1:hover
{

transform: skew(30deg); /* 0 to 360 deg */
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h3>CSS 3 Transformations - Skew Transformation</h3>
</body>
</html>
Example on Translate Transformation

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS 3 - Transformations - Translate Transformation</title>
body
{
font-size: 25px;
}
#div1
{
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
margin-left: 150px;
cursor: pointer;
}
#div1:hover
{
transform: translate(30px,30px); /* (x, y) */
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h3>CSS 3 Transformations - Translate Transformation</h3>

</body>
</html>
Example on Multiple Transformations

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS 3 - Transformations - Multiple Transformations</title>
body
{
font-size: 25px;
}
#div1
{
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
margin-left: 150px;
margin-top: 100px;
cursor: pointer;
}
#div1:hover
{
transform: rotate(30deg) scale(1.5);
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h3>CSS 3 Transformations - Multiple Transformations</h3>
</body>
</html>

Example on Transform Origin
<html>
<head>
<title>CSS 3 - Transformations - Transform Origin</title>
body
{
font-size: 25px;
}
#div1
{
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
margin-left: 150px;
margin-top: 100px;
cursor: pointer;
}
#div1:hover
{
transform: rotate(30deg);
transform-origin: top left;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h3>CSS 3 Transformations - Transform Origin</h3>
</body>
</html>
Example on Transformation with Transition

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS 3 - Transformations - with Transition</title>

body
{
font-size: 25px;
}
#div1
{
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
margin-left: 150px;
cursor: pointer;
transition: transform 0.8s;
}
#div1:hover
{
transform: scale(1.5) skew(30deg);
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h3>CSS 3 Transformations - Transformation with Transition</h3>
</body>
</html>
Example on Image Gallery

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS 3 - Transformations - Image Gallery</title>
body
{
font-size: 25px;
}
.photogallery

{
width: 200px;
height: 190px;
margin: 50px;
float: left;
cursor: pointer;
transition: transform 0.8s;
}
.photogallery:hover
{
transform: rotate(360deg) scale(1.2);
}
.photogallery img
{
width: 100%;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="photogallery">
<img src="img1.jpg">
<span>image 1</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>

</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Gradient Colors
Gradient Colors
• It is used to apply multiple colors to the element.
• Go to http://www.colorzilla.com/gradient-editor
• Generate the colors.
• Copy and paste the code into the program.
Example on Gradient Colors

<html>
<head>
<title>CSS 3 - Gradient Colors</title>
body
{
font-size: 30px;
}
#div1
{
width: 300px;
height: 300px;
background: #03bc09;
background: -moz-linear-gradient(top, #03bc09 0%, #477c02 38%,
#073f00 100%);
background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #03bc09 0%,#477c02
38%,#073f00 100%);
background: linear-gradient(to bottom, #03bc09 0%,#477c02
38%,#073f00 100%);
filter: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(
startColorstr='#03bc09', endColorstr='#073f00',GradientType=0 );
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>

Font Face
Font Face
• It is used to apply third party fonts in the web page.
• Steps:
o Go to “https://www.fontsquirrel.com”.
o Click on “Web Font” in “Licenses”.
o Click on the desired font.
o Click on “Webfont Kit”.
o Select all the checkboxes (TTF, EOT, WOFF, SVG).
▪ TTF: Works in most browsers except IE and iPhone
▪ EOT: IE only
▪ WOFF: Compressed, emerging standard
▪ SVG: iPhone/iPad.
o Click on “Download @Fontface Kit”.
o Download the font zip file.
o After downloading, extract the zip file. It creates a folder and extractes
the files into it. Go to the extracted folder.
o Copy and paste the following files from the “extracted folder” into
“application folder (c:\css)”.
o Copy and paste the following files fom the “extracted folder” into
“application folder (c:\css)”.
o Extracted folder:
▪ fontname.eot
▪ fontname.sv
▪ fontname.ttf
▪ fontname.woff
▪ fontname.css
o Application folder (c:\css):
▪ fontname.eot
▪ fontname.sv
▪ fontname.ttf
▪ fontname.woff

▪ fontname.css
▪ filename.html
Step 1: Import the css file into the web page:

<link href=”filename.css” rel=”stylsheet”>
Step 2: Create @font-face rule:

@font-face
{
font-family: “fontname”;
src: url(“filename.eot”);
src: url(“filename.eot?#iefix”) format(“embedded-opentype”),
url(“filename.woff”) format(“woff”),
url(“filename.ttf”) format(“truetype”),
url(“filename.svg@fontname”) format(“svg”);
font-style: normal;
}
Step 3: Set the font-family:

selector
{
font-family: “fontname”;
}
Example on Font Face:
c:\css\Stylesheet.css
@font-face {
font-family: 'amadeus_regularamadeusRg';
src: url('Amadeus-webfont.eot');
src: url('Amadeus-webfont.eot?#iefix') format('embedded-opentype'),

url('Amadeus-webfont.woff') format('woff'),
url('Amadeus-webfont.ttf') format('truetype'),
url('Amadeus-webfont.svg#amadeus_regularamadeusRg')
format('svg');
font-style: normal;
c:\css\Fontexample.html
<html>
<head>
<title>Font example</title>
<link href="stylesheet.css" rel="stylesheet">
#div1
{
font-family: amadeus_regularamadeusRg;
font-size: 40px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
Note: Place “Amadeus-webfont.eot”, “Amadeus-webfont.svg”,

“Amadeus-webfont.ttf”, “Amadeus-webfont.woff” in the current folder
(c:\css).

Bootstrap

Introduction to Bootstrap
Introduction to Bootstrap
• “Bootstrap” is a “CSS framework”, developed by “Twitter” company, which is
a collection of ready-made “css classes”, which can be used in web pages to
apply styles to the elemenets easily.
• Bootstrap can be used without css knowledge also.
• Bootstrap provides responsive web design by default.
• Bootstrap was developed based on “jQuery”.
How to download Bootstrap

• Go to “http://getbootstrap.com”.
• Click on “Download Bootstrap”.
• Click on “Download Bootstrap” again.
• Download the file “bootstrap-3.3.7-dist.zip”.
• Go to the downloaded location, right click on the “bootstrap-3.3.7-dist.zip”
file and click on “Extract All”.
• After extracting, you will get extracted folder.
• Copy the following files from “extracted folder (bootstrap-3.3.7-dist)”, into
“application folder (c:\wad)”.


How to download jQuery
• Go to “http://jquery.com”.
• Click on “Download jQuery 3.1.1” (version number may vary).
• Click on “Download the uncompressed, development jQuery 3.1.1”.
• You will get a file “jquery-3.1.1.js”.
• Copy and paste “jquery-3.1.1.js” file from Downloaded location into “c:\wad”
folder.
Importing Bootstrap
<link href="css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="jquery-3.1.1.js"></script>
<script src="js/bootstrap.js"></script>

“container” class
“container” class
• It acts as “outer container” for the entire page.
• It makes the web page responsive.
• The entire content of the page should be inside the “container”.
Syntax:
<div class=”container”>
any content
</div>
Example on “container” class:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Bootstrap - First Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container" style="background-color:orange">
<h1>Hello, world!</h1>
</div>
</body>
</html>

“lead” class
“lead” class
• It is used to display a leading paragraph (in large size).
Syntax:
<p class=”lead”>
any content
</p>
Example on “lead” class:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Bootstrap - Lead</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<h1>Lead Example</h2>
<p class="lead">You may need a Google Account in order to use
some of our Services. You may create your own Google Account, or your
Google Account may be assigned to you by an administrator, such as your
employer or educational institution. If you are using a Google Account
assigned to you by an administrator, different or additional terms may
apply and your administrator may be able to access or disable your
account.</p>
<p>You may need a Google Account in order to use some of our
Services. You may create your own Google Account, or your Google
Account may be assigned to you by an administrator, such as your

account.</p>
account.</p>
account.</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Text Alignment
Text Alignment
• We can apply text alignment, by using the following bootstrap css classes.
Syntax:
Left alignment: <tag class=”text-left”> content here </tag>
Right alignment: <tag class=”text-right”> content here </tag>
Center alignment: <tag class=”text-center”> content here </tag>
Justify alignment: <tag class=”text-justify”> content here </tag>
Example on Text Alignment:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Bootstrap - Alignment</title>
</head>
<body>
<p class="text-left">Left aligned text.</p>
<p class="text-right">Right aligned text.</p>
<p class="text-center">Center aligned text.</p>
<p class="text-justify">Don’t misuse our Services. For example,
don’t interfere with our Services or try to access them using a method
other than the interface and the instructions that we provide. You may use
our Services only as permitted by law, including applicable export and re-
export control laws and regulations. We may suspend or stop providing
our Services to you if you do not comply with our terms or policies or if we
are investigating suspected misconduct. Don’t misuse our Services. For
example, don’t interfere with our Services or try to access them using a
method other than the interface and the instructions that we provide. You
may use our Services only as permitted by law, including applicable export
and re-export control laws and regulations. We may suspend or stop

providing our Services to you if you do not comply with our terms or
policies or if we are investigating suspected misconduct. Don’t misuse our
Services. For example, don’t interfere with our Services or try to access
them using a method other than the interface and the instructions that we
provide. You may use our Services only as permitted by law, including
applicable export and re-export control laws and regulations. We may
suspend or stop providing our Services to you if you do not comply with
our terms or policies or if we are investigating suspected misconduct.</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Text Colors
Text Colors
• We can apply text colors as follows:
Syntax:
Muted: <tag class=”text-muted”> content here </tag>
Primary: <tag class=”text-primary”> content here </tag>
Success: <tag class=”text-success”> content here </tag>
Information: <tag class=”text-info”> content here </tag>
Warning: <tag class=”text-warning”> content here </tag>
Danger: <tag class=”text-danger”> content here </tag>
Example on Text Colors:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Bootstrap - Text Colors</title>
</head>
<body>
<p class="text-muted">This content is muted</p>
<p class="text-primary">This content carries a primary class</p>
<p class="text-success">This content carries a success class</p>
<p class="text-info">This content carries a info class</p>
<p class="text-warning">This content carries a warning class</p>
<p class="text-danger">This content carries a danger class</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Tables
Tables
• We can apply styles to tables in bootstrap.
Syntax:
Bootstrap Table Style: <table class=”table”> … </table>
Alternate row background colors: <table class=”table-striped”> … </table>
Border for cells: <table class=”table-bordered”> … </table>
Hover style for rows: <table class=”table-hover”> … </table>
Scrollbars for table: <div class=”table-responsive”> <table>…</table> </div>
Example on Tables:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Bootstrap - Tables</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="table-responsive">
<table class="table table-striped table-bordered table-hover">
<caption>Employees</caption>
<tr> <th>Emp ID</th> <th>Emp Name</th> <th>Salary</th> </tr>
<tr> <td>1</td> <td>King</td> <td>5000</td> </tr>
<tr><td>2</td> <td>Ford</td> <td>6000</td> </tr>
<tr> <td>3</td> <td>Blake</td> <td>7000</td> </tr>
<tr> <td>4</td> <td>Martin</td> <td>8000</td> </tr>
<tr> <td>5</td> <td>Adams</td> <td>9000</td> </tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Background Colors
Background Colors
• We can apply background colors to elements in bootstrap.
Syntax:
Active: <tag class=”active”> … </tag>
Info: <tag class=”info”> … </tag>
Success: <tag class=”success”> … </tag>
Warning: <tag class=”warning”> … </tag>
Danger: <tag class=”danger”> … </tag>
Example on Background Colors:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Bootstrap - Tables with Colors</title>
</head>
<body>
<table class="table table-bordered">
<caption>Employees</caption>
<tr class="active"> <td>1</td> <td>King</td> <td>5000</td> </tr>
<tr class="info"> <td>2</td> <td>Ford</td> <td>6000</td> </tr>
<tr class="success"> <td>3</td> <td>Blake</td> <td>7000</td> </tr>
<tr class="warning"> <td>4</td> <td>Martin</td> <td>8000</td> </tr>
<tr class="danger"> <td>5</td> <td>Adams</td> <td>9000</td> </tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Buttons
Buttons
• We can apply styles to buttons in bootstrap.
Syntax:
Button: <input type=”button” class=”btn”>
Default Button: <input type=”button” class=”btn btn-default”>
Primary Button: <input type=”button” class=”btn btn-primary”>
Success Button: <input type=”button” class=”btn btn-success”>
Info Button: <input type=”button” class=”btn btn-info”>
Warning Button: <input type=”button” class=”btn btn-warning”>
Danger Button: <input type=”button” class=”btn btn-danger”>
Link Button: <input type=”button” class=”btn btn-link”>
Button Tag: <button class=”btn”>text</button>
Hyperlink Button: <a href=”#” class=”btn”>text</a>
Example on Buttons:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Bootstrap - Buttons</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Buttons</h1>
<input type="button" class="btn btn-default" value="Default
Button">
<input type="button" class="btn btn-primary" value="Primary
Button">
<input type="button" class="btn btn-success" value="Success
Button">

<input type="button" class="btn btn-info" value="Info Button">
<input type="button" class="btn btn-warning" value="Warning
Button">
<input type="button" class="btn btn-danger" value="Danger
Button">
<input type="button" class="btn btn-link" value="Link Button">
<button class="btn">Button tag</button>
<a href="http://www.google.com" class="btn btn-primary">
Hyperlink as button
</a>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Button Size
Button Size
• We can set size of the buttons in bootstrap.
Syntax:
Large Button: <input type=”button” class=”btn btn-lg”>
Normal Button: <input type=”button” class=”btn”>
Small Button: <input type=”button” class=”btn btn-sm”>
Extra Small Button: <input type=”button” class=”btn btn-xs”>
Block Level Button: <input type=”button” class=”btn btn-block”>
Example on Buttons:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Bootstrap - Button Size</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Button Size</h1>
<p><input type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg"
value="Large button"></p>
<p><input type="button" class="btn btn-primary" value="Default
size button"></p>
<p><input type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm"
value="Small button"></p>
<p><input type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-xs"
value="Extra small button"></p>
<p><input type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg btn-block"
value="Block level button"></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Glyphicons
Glyphicons
• Used to display icons (symbols), based on the bootstrap “fonts”.
Syntax:
Asterisk: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-asterisk”></span>
Plus: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-plus”></span>
Minus: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-minus”></span>
Euro: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-euro”></span>
Cloud: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-cloud”></span>
Envelope: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-envelope”></span>
Pencil: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-pencil”></span>
Glass: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-glass”></span>
Music: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-music”></span>
Search: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-search”></span>
Heart: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-heart”></span>
Star: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-star”></span>
Star-Empty: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-star-empty”></span>
User: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-user”></span>
Film: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-film”></span>
Th-large: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-th-large”></span>
Th: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-th”></span>
Th-list: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-th-list”></span>
Ok: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-ok”></span>
Remove: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-remove”></span>
Zoom-in: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-zoom-in”></span>
Zoom-out: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-zoom-out”></span>
Off: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-off”></span>
Signal: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-signal”></span>
Cog: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-cog”></span>
Trash: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-trash”></span>
Home: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-home”></span>

File: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-file”></span>
Time: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-time”></span>
Road: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-road”></span>
Download-alt: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-download-alt”></span>
Download: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-download”></span>
Upload: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-upload”></span>
Inbox: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-inbox”></span>
Play-circle: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-play-circle”></span>
Repeat: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-repeat”></span>
Refresh: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-refresh”></span>
List-alt: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-list-alt”></span>
Lock: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-lock”></span>
Flag: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-flag”></span>
Headphones: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-headphones”></span>
Volume-off: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-volume-off”></span>
Volume-down: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-volume-down”></span>
Volume-up: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-volume-up”></span>
Qrcode: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-qrcode”></span>
Barcode: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-barcode”></span>
Tag: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-tag”></span>
Tags: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-tags”></span>
Book: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-book”></span>
Bookmark: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-bookmark”></span>
Print: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-print”></span>
Camera: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-camera”></span>
Font: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-font”></span>
Bold: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-bold”></span>
Italic: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-italic”></span>
Text-height: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-text-height”></span>
Text-width: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-text-width”></span>
Align-left: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-align-left”></span>
Align-center: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-align-center”></span>
Align-right: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-align-right”></span>

List: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-list”></span>
Indent-left: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-indent-left”></span>
Indent-right: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-indent-right”></span>
Facetime-video: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-facetime-video”></span>
Picture: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-picture”></span>
Map-marker: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-map-marker”></span>
Adjust: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-adjust”></span>
Tint: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-tint”></span>
Edit: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-edit”></span>
Share: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-share”></span>
Check: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-check”></span>
Move: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-move”></span>
Step-backward: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-step-backward”></span>
Fast-backward: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-fast-backward”></span>
Backward: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-backward”></span>
Play: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-play”></span>
Pause: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-pause”></span>
Stop: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-stop”></span>
Forward: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-forward”></span>
Fast-forward: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-fast-forward”></span>
Step-forward: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-step-forward”></span>
Eject: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-eject”></span>
Chevron-left: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left”></span>
Chevron-right: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right”></span>
Plus-sign: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-plus-sign”></span>
Minus-sign: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-minus-sign”></span>
Remove-sign: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-remove-sign”></span>
Ok-sign: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-ok-sign”></span>
Question-sign: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-question-sign”></span>
Info-sign: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-info-sign”></span>
Screenshot: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-screenshot”></span>
Remove-circle: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-remove-circle”></span>
Ok-circle: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-ok-circle”></span>

Ban-circle: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-ban-circle”></span>
Arrow-left: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-arrow-left”></span>
Arrow-right: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-arrow-right”></span>
Arrow-up: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-arrow-up”></span>
Arrow-down: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-arrow-down”></span>
Share-alt: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-share-alt”></span>
Resize-full: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-resize-full”></span>
Resize-small: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-resize-small”></span>
Exclamation-sign: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-exclamation-sign”></span>
Gift: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-gift”></span>
Leaf: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-leaf”></span>
Fire: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-fire”></span>
Eye-open: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-eye-open”></span>
Eye-close: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-eye-close”></span>
Warning-sign: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-warning-sign”></span>
Plane: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-plane”></span>
Calendar: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-calendar”></span>
Random: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-random”></span>
Comment: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-comment”></span>
Magnet: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-magnet”></span>
Chevron-up: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-up”></span>
Chevron-down: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-down”></span>
Retweet: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-retweet”></span>
Shopping-cart: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-shopping-cart”></span>
Folder-close: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-folder-close”></span>
Folder-open: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-folder-open”></span>
Resize-vertical: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-resize-vertical”></span>
Resize-horizontal: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-resize-horizontal”></span>
Hdd: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-hdd”></span>
Bullhorn: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-bullhorn”></span>
Bell: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-bell”></span>
Certificate: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-certifcate”></span>
Thumbs-up: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-thumbs-up”></span>

Thumbs-down: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-thumbs-down”></span>
Hand-right: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-hand-right”></span>
Hand-left: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-hand-left”></span>
Hand-up: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-hand-up”></span>
Hand-down: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-hand-down”></span>
Circle-arrow-right: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-circle-arrow-right”></span>
Circle-arrow-up: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-circle-arrow-up”></span>
Circle-arrow-down: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-circle-arrow-down”></span>
Circle-arrow-left: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-circle-arrow-left”></span>
Globe: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-globe”></span>
Wrench: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-wrench”></span>
Tasks: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-tasks”></span>
Filter: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-filter”></span>
Briefcase: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-briefcase”></span>
Fullscreen: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-fullscreen”></span>
Dashboard: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-dashboard”></span>
Paperclip: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-paperclip”></span>
Heart-empty: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-heart-empty”></span>
Link: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-link”></span>
Phone: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-phone”></span>
Pushpin: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-pushpin”></span>
Usd: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-usd”></span>
Gbp: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-gbp”></span>
Sort: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-sort”></span>
Sort-by-alphabet: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-sort-by-alphabet”></span>
Sort-by-alphabet-alt: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-short-by-alphabet-alt”></span>
Sort-by-order: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-sort-by-order”></span>
Sort-by-order-alt: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-sort-by-order-alt”></span>
Sort-by-attributes: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-sort-by-attributes”></span>
Sort-by-attributes-alt: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-sort-by-attributes-alt”></span>
Unchecked: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-unchecked”></span>
Expand: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-expand”></span>
Collapse-down: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-collapse-down”></span>

Collapse-up: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-collapse-up”></span>
Log-in: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-log-in”></span>
Flash: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-flash”></span>
Log-out: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-log-out”></span>
New-window: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-new-window”></span>
Record: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-record”></span>
Save: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-save”></span>
Open: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-open”></span>
Saved: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-saved”></span>
Import: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-import”></span>
Export: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-export”></span>
Send: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-send”></span>
Floppy-disk: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-floppy-disk”></span>
Floppy-saved: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-floppy-saved”></span>
Floppy-remove: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-floppy-remove”></span>
Floppy-save: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-floppy-save”></span>
Floppy-open: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-floppy-open”></span>
Credit-card: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-credit-card”></span>
Transfer: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-transfer”></span>
Cutlery: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-cutlery”></span>
Header: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-header”></span>
Compressed: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-compressed”></span>
Earphone: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-earphone”></span>
Phone-alt: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-phone-alt”></span>
Tower: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-tower”></span>
Stats: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-stats”></span>
Sd-video: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-sd-video”></span>
Hd-video: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-hd-video”></span>
Subtitles: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-subtitles”></span>
Sound-stereo: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-sound-stereo”></span>
Sound-dolby: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-sound-dolby”></span>
Sound-5-1: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-sound-5-1”></span>

Copyright-mark: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-copyright-mark”></span>
Registration-mark: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-registration-mark”></span>
Cloud-download: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-cloud-download”></span>
Cloud-upload: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-cloud-upload”></span>
Tree-upload: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-tree-upload”></span>
Tree-conifer: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-tree-conifer”></span>
Tree-deciduous: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-tree-deciduous”></span>
Cd: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-cd”></span>
Save-file: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-save-file”></span>
Open-file: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-open-file”></span>
Level-up: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-level-up”></span>
Copy: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-copy”></span>
Paste: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-paste”></span>
Alert: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-alert”></span>
Equalizer: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-equalizer”></span>
King: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-king”></span>
Queen: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-queen”></span>
Pawn: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-pawn”></span>
Bishop: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-bishop”></span>
Knight: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-knight”></span>
Baby-formula: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-baby-formula”></span>
Tent: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-tent”></span>
Blackboard: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-blackboard”></span>
Bed: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-bed”></span>
Apple: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-apple”></span>
Erase: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-erase”></span>
Hourglass: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-hourglass”></span>
Lamp: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-lamp”></span>
Duplicate: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-duplicate”></span>
Piggy-bank: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-piggy-bank”></span>
Scissors: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-scissors”></span>
Bitcoin: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-bitcoin”></span>

Yen: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-yen”></span>
Ruble: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-ruble”></span>
Scale: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-scale”></span>
Ice-lolly: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-ice-lolly”></span>
Ice-lolly-tasted: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-ice-lolly-tasted”></span>
Education: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-education”></span>
Option-horizontal: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-option-horizontal”></span>
Option-vertical: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-option-vertical”></span>
Menu-hamburger: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-menu-hamburger”></span>
Modal-window: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-modal-window”></span>
Oil: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-oil”></span>
Grain: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-grain”></span>
Sunglasses: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-sunglasses”></span>
Text-size: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-text-size”></span>
Text-color: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-text-color”></span>
Text-background: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-text-background”></span>
Object-align-top: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-object-align-top”></span>
Object-align-bottom: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-object-align-bottom”></span>
Object-align-left: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-align-left”></span>
Object-align-vertical: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-align-vertical”></span>
Object-align-right: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-align-right”></span>
Triangle-right: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-triangle-right”></span>
Triangle-left: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-triangle-left”></span>
Triangle-bottom: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-triangle-bottom”></span>
Triangle-top: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-triangle-top”></span>
Console: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-console”></span>
Superscript: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-superscript”></span>
Subscript: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-subscript”></span>
Menu-left: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-menu-left”></span>
Menu-right: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-menu-right”></span>
Menu-down: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-menu-down”></span>
Menu-up: <span class=”glyphicon glyphicon-menu-up”></span>

Example on Glyphicons:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Bootstrap - Glyphicons</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Glyphicon Examples</h2>
<button class="btn btn-primary"><span class="glyphicon
glyphicon-envelope"></span>Mail</button>
glyphicon-search"></span>Search</button>
glyphicon-print"></span>Print</button>
glyphicon-music"></span>Music</button>
glyphicon-star"></span>Star</button>
glyphicon-th"></span>Options</button>
glyphicon-th-large"></span>Options large</button>
glyphicon-th-list"></span>Options list</button>
glyphicon-ok"></span>OK</button><button class="btn btn-
primary"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-
save"></span>Download</button>
glyphicon-trash"></span>Delete</button>
glyphicon-remove"></span>Close</button>
<button class="btn btn-primary"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-
off"></span>Off</button>
glyphicon-signal"></span>Signal</button>

glyphicon-cog"></span>Settings</button>
glyphicon-lock"></span>Lock</button>
glyphicon-play"></span>Play</button>
glyphicon-chevron-left"></span>Left</button>
<button class="btn btn-primary">Right<span class="glyphicon
glyphicon-chevron-right"></span></button>
glyphicon-chevron-up"></span>Up</button>
glyphicon-chevron-down"></span>Down</button>
glyphicon-phone"></span>Phone</button>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Show / Hidden
Show / Hidden
• It is used to show / hide the element.
Syntax:
Show: <tag class=”show”></tag>
Hidden: <tag class=”hidden”></tag>
Example on Show / Hidden:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Bootstrap - Show Hidden</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Show and Hidden</h1>
<div class="show" style="background-color:#00cccc;">
This is an example for show class
</div>
<div class="hidden" style="background-color:#ff9966;">
This is an example for hide class
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Images
Images
• It is used to display images.
Syntax:
Rounded: <img class=”img-rounded”>
Circle: <img class=”img-circle”>
Thumbnail: <img class=”img-thumbnail”>
Example on Images:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Bootstrap - Images</title>
</head>
<body>
<img src="Tulips.jpg" width="200px" class="img-rounded">
<img src="Tulips.jpg" width="200px" class="img-circle">
<img src="Tulips.jpg" width="200px" class="img-thumbnail">
</div>
</body>
</html>

Jumbotron
Jumbotron
• It is used to display heading and paragraph in very large size.
• It is useful for home pages.
Syntax:
<div class=”jumbotron”>
<h1>Heading</h1>
<p>Paragraph</p>
</div>
Example on Jumbotron:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Bootstrap - Jumbotron</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="jumbotron">
<h1>Welcome to landing page!</h1>
<p>This is an example for jumbotron.</p>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Pagination
Pagination
• It is used to display page numbers.
Syntax:
<ul class=”pagination”>
<li><a href=”#”>«</a></li>
<li><a href=”#”>1</a></li>
<li><a href=”#”>2</a></li>
…
<li><a href=”#”>»</a></li>
</ul>
Example on Pagination:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Bootstrap - Paging</title>
</head>
<body>
<ul class="pagination">
<li><a href="#">«</a></li>
<li><a href="#">1</a></li>
<li><a href="#">2</a></li>
<li><a href="#">3</a></li>
<li><a href="#">4</a></li>
<li><a href="#">5</a></li>
<li><a href="#">»</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Alerts
Alerts
• Used to display the alert messages in the web page.
Syntax:
<div class=”alert alert-success”>
<button class=”close” data-dismiss=”alert”>×</button>
any content here
</div>
Example on Alerts:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Bootstrap - Alerts</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="alert alert-success">

<button class="close" data-dismiss="alert">
×
</button>
Success! Well done its submitted.
</div>
<div class="alert alert-info">

×
</button>
Info! take this info.
</div>

<div class="alert alert-warning">

×
</button>
Warning ! Dont submit this.
</div>
<div class="alert alert-danger">

×
</button>
Error ! Change few things.
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Panels
Panels
• It is used to create a panel (box) with heading and content.
Syntax:
<div class=”panel panel-primary”>
<div class=”panel-heading”>
<h3 class=”panel-title”>Panel title here</h3>
</div>
<div class=”panel-body”>
Panel content here
</div>
</div>
Example on Panels:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Bootstrap - Panels</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="panel panel-primary">

<div class="panel-heading">
<h3 class="panel-title">Panel title</h3>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
This is a Basic panel
</div>
</div>

<div class="panel panel-success">

</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="panel panel-info">

</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="panel panel-warning">

</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="panel panel-danger">

</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

DropDown
DropDown
• It is used to display a dropdown menu in the web page.
Syntax:
<div class=”dropdown”>
<button data-toggle=”dropdown” class=”btn btn-primary”>
Menu text here
<span class=”caret”></span>
</button>
<ul class=”dropdown-menu”>
<li><a href=”#”>item 1</a></li>
…
</ul>
</div>
Example on DropDown:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Bootstrap - DropDown</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="dropdown">
<button class="btn btn-primary" data-toggle="dropdown">
Smart Phones
<span class="caret"></span>
</button>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">

<li><a href="#">iPhone</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Android</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Windows Phone</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Black Berry</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

NavBar
NavBar
• It is used to display a navigation bar (menu bar) in the web page.
Syntax:
<nav class=”navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top”>
<div class=”navbar-header”>
<a href=”#” class=”navbar-brand”>mywebsite.com</a>
</div>
<div>
<ul class=”nav navbar-nav”>
…
</ul>
</div>
</nav>
Example on Navbar:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Bootstrap - Nav Bar</title>
</head>
<body>
<nav class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top">

<div class="navbar-header">
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Website</a>

</div>
<div>
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li class="active"><a href="#">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Laptops</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Tablets</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Fashion</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Furniture</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>
<br><br><br>
<p>Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and
Lorem Ipsum.</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Breadcrumbs
Breadcrumbs
• It is used to display address of the current page.
• Ex: Home / Products / Elctronics / Mobile / iPhone
Syntax:
<ol class=”breadcrumb”>
…
</ol>
Example on Breadcrumbs:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Bootstrap - Breadcrumbs</title>
</head>
<body>
<ol class="breadcrumb">
<li><a href="#">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Products</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Mobiles</a></li>
<li class="active">Samsung</li>
</ol>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Progressbar
Progressbar
• It is used to create a progress bar in the web page.
Syntax:
<div class=”progress”>
<div class=”progress-bar” style=”width:pixels”>
text here
</div>
</div>
Example on Progressbar:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Bootstrap - Progress Bar</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="progress">
<div class="progress-bar" style="width: 70%;">
<span>70% Complete</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Tabs
Tabs
• It is used to display tabs in the web page.
Syntax:
<ul class=”nav nav-tabs”>
<li><a href=”#id1” data-toggle=”tab”>text</a></li>
<li><a href=”#id2” data-toggle=”tab”>text</a></li>
…
</ul>
<div class=”tab-content”>
<div id=”id1” class=”tab-pane fade”>content</div>
<div id=”id2” class=”tab-pane fade”>content</div>
…
</div>
Example on Tabs:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Bootstrap - Tabs Plugin</title>
</head>
<body>
<ul class="nav nav-tabs">

<li class="active"><a href="#iphone" data-
toggle="tab">iPhone</a></li>
<li><a href="#android" data-toggle="tab">Android</a></li>
<li><a href="#windowsphone" data-toggle="tab">Windows
Phone</a></li>

</ul>
<div class="tab-content">
<div class="tab-pane fade in active" id="iphone">

<p>iPhone content</p>
</div>
<div class="tab-pane fade" id="android">

<p>Android content</p>
</div>
<div class="tab-pane fade" id="windowsphone">

<p>Windows Phone content</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Grid System
Grid System
• It is used to divide the web page as rows.
• Each row contains 12 equal blocks.
• A <div> tag can occupy one or more blocks.
• A row can have maximum 12 <div> tags.
Large Devices:
<div class=”col-lg-n”>…</div>
<div class=”col-lg-n”>…</div>
…
Medium Devices:
<div class=”col-md-n”>…</div>
<div class=”col-md-n”>…</div>
…
Small Devices:
<div class=”col-sm-n”>…</div>
<div class=”col-sm-n”>…</div>
…
Extra Small Devices:

<div class=”col-xs-n”>…</div>
<div class=”col-xs-n”>…</div>
…
Example on Grid System:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>

<title>Bootstrap - Grid System</title>
</head>
<body>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-3 col-md-4 col-sm-6 col-xs-12"

style="background-color: #00ffff">
<h1>div 1</h1>
Lorem Ipsum.</p>
</div>

style="background-color: #ccff99;">
<h1>div 2</h1>
Lorem Ipsum.</p>
</div>

style="background-color: #ccffcc">
<h1>div 3</h1>

Lorem Ipsum.</p>
</div>

style="background-color: #00ccff">
<h1>div 4</h1>
Lorem Ipsum.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Forms
Grid System
• It is used to apply styles for forms.
Example on Forms:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Bootstrap - Forms</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Horizontal form</h1>
<form class="form-horizontal">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="firstname" class="col-sm-2 control-label">First
Name</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="firstname"
placeholder="Enter First Name">
</div>
</div>
<label for="lastname" class="col-sm-2 control-label">Last
Name</label>
<div class="col-sm-10">
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="lastname"
placeholder="Enter Last Name">
</div>
</div>

<div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
<div class="checkbox">
<input type="checkbox" id="chk1">
<label for="chk1">Remember me</label>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10">
<input type="submit" class="btn btn-default" value="Sign
in">
</div>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Carousel
Carousel
• It is used to create slide show.
Example on Carousel:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Bootstrap - Carousel Plugin</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="carousel" class="carousel slide">
<ol class="carousel-indicators">
<li data-target="#carousel" data-slide-to="0" class="active">
</li>
<li data-target="#carousel" data-slide-to="1">
</li>
<li data-target="#carousel" data-slide-to="2">
</li>
</ol>
<div class="carousel-inner">
<div class="item active">
<img src="1.jpg" alt="Slide 1">
</div>
<div class="item">
</div>
<div class="item">
</div>

</div>
<a href="#carousel" class="left carousel-control" data-

slide="prev">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left">
</span>
</a>
<a href="#carousel" class="right carousel-control" data-

slide="next">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right">
</span>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Carousel with Content
Carousel with Content
• It is used to create slide show with content.
Example on Carousel with Content:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Carousel Plugin</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="carousel" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel">
<ol class="carousel-indicators">
<li data-target="#carousel" data-slide-to="0" class="active"></li>
<li data-target="#carousel" data-slide-to="1"></li>
<li data-target="#carousel" data-slide-to="2"></li>
</ol>
<div class="carousel-inner">
<div class="item active">
<img src="1.jpg" alt="iPhone" />
<div class="carousel-caption">
<h2>iPhone</h2>
<p class="lead">iPhone is a line of smartphones designed
and marketed by Apple Inc. It runs Apple's iOS mobile operating system.
The first generation iPhone was released on June 29, 2007; the most recent
iPhone models are the iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus, which were unveiled at
a special event on September 9, 2014. The user interface is built around the
device's multi-touch screen, including a virtual keyboard.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="2.jpg" alt="Android" />

<h2>Android</h2>
<p class="lead">Android is a mobile operating system (OS)
based on the Linux kernel and currently developed by Google. With a user
interface based on direct manipulation, Android is designed primarily for
touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers,
with specialized user interfaces for televisions (Android TV), cars (Android
Auto), and wrist watches (Android Wear). The OS uses touch inputs that
loosely correspond to real-world actions, like swiping, tapping, pinching,
and reverse pinching to manipulate on-screen objects, and a virtual
keyboard.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="3.jpg" alt="Windows Phone" />
<h2>Windows Phone</h2>
<p class="lead">Windows Phone is a mobile operating
system developed by Microsoft for smartphones as the replacement
successor to Windows Mobile. Windows Phone features a new user
interface derived from the Microsoft-developed "Modern" design
language (formerly known as "Metro"). Unlike Windows Mobile, it is
primarily aimed at the consumer market rather than the enterprise
market. It was first launched in October 2010 with Windows Phone 7.
Windows Phone 8.1 is the latest public release of the operating system,
and was delivered in final form to developers on April 14 2014. It will be
available for update to all devices previously running Windows Phone
8.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a href="#carousel" class="left carousel-control" data-
slide="prev"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left"></span></a>
<a href="#carousel" class="right carousel-control" data-
slide="next"><span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-
right"></span></a>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Modal Plugin
Modal Plugin
• It is used to create modal plugin.
Example on Modal Plugin:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Bootstrap - Modal Plugin</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Modal popup Example</h2>

<button class="btn btn-primary btn-lg" data-toggle="modal" data-
target="#modal1">
Click to open modal popup
</button>
<div class="modal fade" id="modal1">

<div class="modal-dialog">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<button class="close" data-dismiss="modal">
×
</button>
<h4 class="modal-title">
This is Modal title
</h4>
</div>
<div class="modal-body">
Add some text here

</div>
<div class="modal-footer">
<button class="btn btn-default" data-dismiss="modal">
Cancel
</button>
<button class="btn btn-primary" data-dismiss="modal">
OK
</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>

</body>
</html>

NavBar with Sub Menus
NavBar with Sub Menus
• It is used to create nav bar with sub menus.
Example on NavBar with Sub Menus:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Nav Bar</title>
</head>
<body>
<nav class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top">

<div class="navbar-header">
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Hyderabad.com</a>
</div>
<div>
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li class="active"><a href="#">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Laptops</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Tablets</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Fashion</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Furniture</a></li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-
toggle="dropdown">
Smart Phones
<b class="caret"></b>
</a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a href="#">iPhone</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Samsung</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Windows Phone</a></li>

<li class="divider"></li>
<li><a href="#">Motorola</a></li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li><a href="#">HTC</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</nav>
<br><br><br>
Lorem Ipsum.</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

jQuery

Introduction to jQuery
Introduction to jQuery
• jQuery is a JavaScript library, which is a collection of pre-defined functions
that are written in JavaScript, which are used to perform DOM manipulations
easily.
• jQuery is the shortcut syntax for JavaScript.
• jQuery internally uses JavaScript
• jQuery supports DOM manipulations and AJAX
• jQuery is case sensitive
• jQuery is open source. That means its source code is available for public online
for free
• jQuery is cross browser compatible. That means jQuery supports all the
browsers such as Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Safari, Microsoft Internet
Explorer, Microsoft Edge etc.
Generations of jQuery
1. Generation 1.x
o It supports all the browsers including IE 6, 7, 8.
2. Generation 2.x
o It supports all the browsers except IE 6, 7, 8.
3. Generation 3.x
o It supports all the browsers except IE 6, 7, 8.
Formats of jQuery Library file

• “jQuery library file” is available in two formats:
1. Uncompressed
2. Compressed (or) Minified
1. Uncompressed
o It contains the code with comments, line breaks and spaces.
o It is understandable.

o The file size is: 260 kb.
o It is recommended in development time.
2. Compressed
o It contains the code with no comments, no line breaks and no spaces.
o It is not understandable.
o The file size is: 88 kb.
o It is recommended, while uploading the project into the server.

Downloading jQuery
Downloading jQuery
• Go to “http://jquery.com”.
• Click on “Download jQuery”.
• Click on “Download the uncompressed, development jQuery 3.2.1”.
• You will get “jquery-3.2.1.js” file.
• Press Ctrl+S to save (download) the file.
• After downloading the file, go to the downloaded location and copy-paste it
into the “application folder” (c:\jquery).
• You have to create the html file in the same folder.

“$” function
“$” function
• “$” is a pre-defined function in jQuery, which is used to select the elements.
• It receives a “selector” asw argument, searches the DOM for the matching
elements and returns the matching elements as an array.
• Syntax: $(“selector”)

“html( )” function
“html( )” function
• The “html( )” is a pre-defined function in jQuery, which is used to set / get the
inner html of paired tag.
<tag> inner html </tag>
Setting inner html:

html(“value”)
Getting inner html:

html( )

jQuery – First Example
jQuery – First Example
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - First Example</title>
body
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<script>
$("#p1").html("Hello");
</script>
</body>
</html>


Val( )
Example on Val( )
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Val</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<script>
$("#txt1").val("Scott");
</script>
</body>
</html>

jQuery – Event Handling
jQuery – Event Handling
• Event: A keyboard/ mouse action, performed by the user, at run time.
• jQuery provides a new way to handle the events more easily.
• jQuery supports all the javascript events.
List of jQuery Functions to handle Events

1. click( )
2. dblclick( )
3. mouseover( )
4. mouseout( )
5. hover( )
6. mousemove( )
7. focus( )
8. blur( )
9. keyup( )
10. keypress( )
11. change( )
12. on( )
13. off( )

The “click( )” function
The click( ) function
• The “click( )” function handles “click” event.
• The “click” event executes when the user clicks on an element.
Syntax:
$(“selector”).click(functionname);
{
Code here
}
Example on “Click”:
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Click</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
#div1
{
width: 300px;
height: 200px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<script>
$("#div1").click(fun1);
function fun1()
{
$("#div1").html("Thanx");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

The “dblclick( )” function
The dblclick( ) function
• The “dblclick( )” function handles “dblclick” event.
• The “dblclick” event executes when the user double clicks on an element.
Syntax:
$(“selector”).dblclick(functionname);
{
Code here
}
Example on “Dblclick”:
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Dblclick</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
#div1
{
width: 300px;
height: 200px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1">double click me</div>

<script>
$("#div1").dblclick(fun1);
function fun1()
{
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

The “mouseover( )” function and
“mouseout( )” function
The mouseover( ) function
• The “mouseover( )” function handles “mosueover” event.
• The “mouseover” event executes when the user places the mouse pointer on
the element.
Syntax:
$(“selector”).mouseover(functionname);
{
Code here
}
The mouseout( ) function

• The “mouseout( )” function handles “mouseout” event.
• The “mouseout” event executes when the user moves the mouse pointer
from inside to outside the element.
Syntax:
$(“selector”).mouseout(functionname);
{
Code here
}
Example on “Mouseover” and “mouseout”:

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Mouseover and Mouseout</title>

body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
#div1
{
width: 300px;
height: 200px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<script>
$("#div1").mouseover(fun1);
$("#div1").mouseout(fun2);
function fun1()
{
}
function fun2()
{
$("#div1").html("hover me");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

The “hover( )” function
The hover( ) function
• The “hover( )” function is a shortcut to handle both “mouseover” and
“mouseout” events at-a-time.
Syntax:
$(“selector”).hover(functionname1, functionname2);
function functionname1( )
{
Code here
}
{
Code here
}
Example on “hover”:
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Hover</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
#div1
{
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1">

hover me
</div>
<script>
$("#div1").hover(fun1, fun2);
function fun1()
{
$(this).html("Thanx");
}
function fun2()
{
$(this).html("hover me");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

The “mousemove( )” function
The mousemove( ) function
• The “mousemove( )” function handles “mousemove” event.
• The “mousemove” event executes when the user moves the pointer from one
place to another place within the same element (for every pixel change).
Syntax:
$(“selector”).mousemove(functionname);
{
event.pageX = X position of mouse pointer
event.pageY = Y position of mouse pointer
}
Example on “mousemove”:
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Mousemove</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
#div1
{
width: 300px;
height: 200px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1">mouse move me</div>

<script>
$("#div1").mousemove(fun1);
{
$("#div1").html(event.pageX + ", " + event.pageY);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

The “focus( )” function
The focus( ) function
• The “focus( )” function handles “focus” event.
Syntax:
$(“selector”).focus(functionname);
{
Code here
}
The blur( ) function

• The “blur( )” function handles “blur” event.
• The “blur” event executes when the cursor goes out of the element.
Syntax:
$(“selector”).blur(functionname);
{
Code here
}
Example on “focus” and “blur”:

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Focus and Blur</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}

#div1
{
width: 300px;
height: 200px;
}
#span1
{
color: green;
font-weight: bold;
display: none;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
Email: <input type="text" id="txt1">
<span id="span1">Use gmail only.<span>
<script>
$("#txt1").focus(fun1);
$("#txt1").blur(fun2);
function fun1()
{
$("#span1").show();
}
function fun2()
{
$("#span1").hide();
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

The “keyup( )” function
The keyup( ) function
• The “keyup( )” function handles “keyup” event.
• The “keyup” event executes when the user presses any key on the keyboard,
while the cursor is inside the textbox.
Syntax:
$(“selector”).keyup(functionname);
{
Code here
}
Example on “keyup”:
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Keyup</title>
</head>
<body>
Source text: <input type="text" id="txt1"><br>
Destination text: <input type="text" id="txt2"><br>
<script>
$("#txt1").keyup(fun1);
function fun1()
{
$("#txt2").val( $("#txt1").val() );
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

The “keypress( )” function
The keypress( ) function
• The “keypress( )” function handles “keypress” event.
keyboard, while the cursor is inside the textbox.
Keypress:
• Executes before placing the character into the textbox.
• We can accept / reject the currently pressed character.
Keyup:
• Executes after placing the character into the textbox.
• We can’t reject the currently pressed character, because it is already accepted
before calling the “keyup” event.
Syntax:
$(“selector”).keypress(functionname);
{
event.which = ASCII value of currently pressed character.
event.preventDefault( ) = Cancells the currently pressed character.
}
Example on “Keypress”:
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Keypress</title>

body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<script>
$("#txt1").keypress(fun1);
function fun1()
{
$("#txt2").val( $("#txt1").val() );
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

The “change( )” function
The change( ) function
• The “change( )” function handles “change” event.
• The “change” event executes when the user do following:
o Modify the value of a textbox and press TAB key
o Cheeck / uncheck the checkbox
o Select the radio btton.
o Select an item in the dropdownlist.
Syntax:
$(“selector”).change(functionname);
{
}
Example on “Change” with TextBox:

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Change - TextBox</title>
body,input,select
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<script>
$("#txt1").change(fun1);

function fun1()
{
var s = $("#txt1").val();
$("#txt2").val(s);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Example on “Change” with CheckBox:

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Change - Checkbox</title>
body,input,select
{
font-size: 30px;
}
#p1
{
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 40px;
color: darkblue;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<input type="checkbox" id="checkbox1">
<label for="checkbox1">I accept license agreement</label>
<p id="p1"></p>
<script>
$("#checkbox1").change(fun1);
function fun1()
{
if ($("#checkbox1")[0].checked == true)
{

$("#p1").html("Accepted");
}
else
{
$("#p1").html("Not accepted");
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Example on “Change” with RadioButton:

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Change - RadioButton</title>
body,input,select
{
font-size: 30px;
}
#p1
{
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 40px;
color: darkblue;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
Gender:
<input type="radio" id="rb1" name="gender">
<label for="rb1">Male</label>
<input type="radio" id="rb2" name="gender">
<label for="rb2">Female</label>
<p id="p1"></p>
<script>

$("#rb1").change(fun1);
$("#rb2").change(fun1);
function fun1()
{
if ($("#rb1")[0].checked == true)
{
$("#p1").html("Male selected");
}
else
{
$("#p1").html("Female selected");
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Example on “Change” with DropDownList:

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Change - Dropdownlist</title>
body,input,select
{
font-size: 30px;
}
#p1
{
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 40px;
color: darkblue;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
Country:
<select id="dropdownlist1">
<option>Please select</option>

<option>UK</option>
</select>
<script>
$("#dropdownlist1").change(fun1);
function fun1()
{
if ($("#dropdownlist1").val() == "Please select")
{
$("#p1").html( "You selected none" );
}
else
{
$("#p1").html( $("#dropdownlist1").val() );
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

The “on( )” function
The on( ) function
• The “on( )” function handles any event. It attaches a function with an event;
so that whenever the event occurs, the function will be called automatically.
• It supports all the events: click, dblclick, mouseover, mouseout, mousemove,
focus, blur, keyup, keypress, change, contextmenu, cut, copy, paste etc.
• Advantages:
o You can use “off( )” to unhandle the event.
o You can handle rare events such as contextmenu, cut, copy, paste etc.
Syntax:
$(document).on(“event”, “selector”, functionname);
{
}
Example on “On”:
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - On</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
#div1
{
width: 300px;
height: 200px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<script>
$(document).on("click", "#div1", fun1);
function fun1()
{
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

The “off( )” function
The off( ) function
• The “off( )” function unhandles any event. It detaches a function from an
event; so that whenever the event occurs, the function will not be called.
Syntax:
$(document).off(“event”, “selector”);
Example on “Off”:
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Off</title>
#div1
{
width: 300px;
height: 200px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<script>
$(document).on("click", "#div1", fun1);
function fun1()
{
$("#div1").html("Thanx at " + new Date().toLocaleTimeString());
$(document).off("click", "#div1");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

The “contextmenu” event
The contextmenu event
• The “contextmenu” event executes when the user right clicks on an element.
Syntax:
$(document).on(“contextmenu”, document, functionname);
{
}
Example on “Contextmenu”:
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Contextmenu</title>
</head>
<body>
<input type="text" id="txt1" >
<script>
$(document).on("contextmenu", document, fun1);
{
alert("right click not allowed");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

The “cut”, “copy”, “paste” events
The “cut”, “copy”, “paste” events
• The “cut” event executes when the user selects “cut” option with keyboard /
mouse.
• The “copy” event executes when the user selects “copy” option with keyboard
/ mouse.
• The “paste” event executes when the user selects “paste” option with
keyboard / mouse.
Syntax:
$(document).on(“cut”, document, functionname);
{
}
$(document).on(“copy”, document, functionname);

{
}
$(document).on(“paste”, document, functionname);

{
}
Example on “Cut, copy, paste”:

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Disabling cut, copy, paste</title>
body,input

{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<script>
$(document).on("cut copy paste", "document", fun1);
{
alert("cut copy paste not allowed");
event.preventDefault(); //default functionality will be stopped
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

The “data( )” function
The “data( )” function
• The “data( )” function is used to store / retrieve data in the browser memory,
temporarily (while the web page is running the browser).
Syntax to set data:

$(“selector”).data(“key”, “value”);
Syntax to get data:

$(“selector”).data(“key”);
Example on “data( )”:

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Data</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
Username: <input type="text" id="txt1"><br>
<input type="button" value="Set data into memory" id="button1">
<input type="button" value="Get data from memory" id="button2">
<script>
$("#button1").click(fun1);
function fun1()
{

$("#txt1").data("x", $("#txt1").val() );
$("#txt1").val("");
alert("Saved");
}
function fun2()
{
$("#txt1").val( $("#txt1").data("x") );
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Effects
Introduction to Effects
• jQuery effects are used to hide / show the elements smoothly.
• It is used for showing menus, validation messages etc.
• jQuery supports 3 types of effects:
1. fade effect : fade out / fade in
2. slide effect : slide up / slide down
3. hide / show effect : hide / show
1. fade effect:
fadeOut(milli seconds);
fadeIn(milli seconds);
2. slide effect:
slideUp(milli seconds);
slideDown(milli seconds);
3. hide / show effect:

hide(milli seconds);
show(milli seconds);
Note: 1000 milli seconds = 1 second
Example on Fade:
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Fade</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;

}
#div1
{
width: 400px;
height: 300px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing
and typesetting industry.</div>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="fade out">
<input type="button" id="button2" value="fade in">
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("#div1").fadeOut(1000); //1000 milli sec = 1 sec
}
function fun2()
{
$("#div1").fadeIn(1000);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Example on Slide:
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Slide</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
#div1
{
width: 400px;
height: 300px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="slide up">
<input type="button" id="button2" value="slide down">
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("#div1").slideUp(1000);
}
function fun2()
{
$("#div1").slideDown(1000);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Example on Hide / Show:
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Hide or Show</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
#div1
{
width: 400px;
height: 300px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="hide">
<input type="button" id="button2" value="show">
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("#div1").hide(1000);
}
function fun2()
{
$("#div1").show(1000);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

toggle( )
• toggle( ) function hides / shows the element.
• It hides the element if it is already visible.
• It shows the element if it is already invisible.
fadeToggle(milli seconds) : fade out / fade in

slideToggle(milli seconds) : slide up / slide down
toggle(milli seconds) : hide / show
Example on toggle( )
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Toggle</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
#div1
{
width: 400px;
height: 300px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="fade toggle">
<input type="button" id="button2" value="slide toggle">
<input type="button" id="button3" value="show/hide toggle">

<script>
function fun1()
{
$("#div1").fadeToggle(1000); //fadeOut or fadeIn
}
function fun2()
{
$("#div1").slideToggle(1000); //slideUp or slideDown
}
function fun3()
{
$("#div1").toggle(1000); //hide or show
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
“this” keyword
• “this” keyword represents the “current element”, which has raised the
current event.
• Syntax: $(this)
Example on “this” keyword:

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Fadeout with Click</title>
body,input
{

font-size: 30px;
}
div.class1
{
width: 140px;
height: 100px;
margin: 10px;
float: left;
color: #003399;
font-size: 40px;
padding: 5px;
font-weight: bold;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1" class="class1">1</div>
<script>
$("div").click(fun1);
function fun1()
{
$(this).fadeOut(700);
//this = current element (div), which is currently clicked
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
fadeTo( )
• fadeTo( ) function is used to change the “opacity” property gradually, based
on the given no. of milli seconds.

• Syntax: fadeTo(milli seconds, opacity);
• Example: fadeTo(2000, 0.6);
Example on fadeTo( )
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - fadeTo</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
div.class1
{
width: 150px;
height: 130px;
margin: 10px;
float: left;
color: #003399;
font-size: 40px;
padding: 5px;
font-weight: bold;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<script>
function fun1()

{
$(this).fadeTo(700, 0.4); //Syntax: fadeTo(milli sec, opacity)
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Example 2 on fadeTo( )
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - FadeTo and FadeTo</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
div.class1
{
width: 150px;
height: 130px;
margin: 10px;
float: left;
color: #003399;
font-size: 40px;
padding: 5px;
font-weight: bold;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<script>
$("div").data("flag", "0");
function fun1()
{
var n = $(this).data("flag");
if (n == "0")
{
$(this).fadeTo(1000, 0.4); //milli sec, opacity
$(this).data("flag", "1");
}
else
{
$(this).fadeTo(1000, 1); //milli sec, opacity
$(this).data("flag", "0");
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Manipulating Attributes
Manipulating Attributes
• We can manipulate attributes by using the following functions in jQuery.
1. Set an attribute:
o attr(“attribute name”, “value”)
2. Get an attribute:
o attr(“attribute name)
3. Removing an attribute:
o removeAttr(“attribute name”)
4. Setting multiple attributes:

o attr( { “attribute”:”value”, “attribute”:”value”, … } )
Example on Set Attribute:

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Set Attribute</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<img id="myImage" src="img1.jpg" width="120px"><br>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="set attribute">
<script>

function fun1()
{
$("#myImage").attr("src", "img2.jpg");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Note: Place “img1.jpg” and “img2.jpg” in “c:\jquery” folder.
Example on Set Multiple Attributes:

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Set Multiple Attributes</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="set multiple attributes">
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("#myImage").attr( { "src": "img3.jpg", "title": "this is tooltip",
"alt": "this is alternate text" } );
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Note: Place “img1.jpg” and “img3.jpg” in “c:\jquery” folder.
Example on Remove Attribute:

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Remove Attr</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<img id="myImage" src="img1.jpg" width="120px" title="this is
tooltip"><br>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="remove attribute">
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("#myImage").removeAttr("title");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Example on Get Attribute:

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Get Attribute</title>
body,input

{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="get attribute">
<script>
function fun1()
{
var s = $("#myImage").attr("src");
alert(s);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Note: Place “img1.jpg” in “c:\jquery” folder.

Manipulating CSS
Manipulating CSS
• We can manipulate css styles dynamically at run time by using the following
jquery functions.
1. Adding CSS class to the element:

o addClass(“css class name”)
2. Removing CSS class to the element:

o removeClass(“css class name”)
3. Toggle (add / remove) CSS class:

o toggleClass(“css class name”)
4. Check whether the element has specific css class or not:

o hasClass(“css class name”)
5. Setting individual css properties using jquery:

o css(“property”, “value”)
6. Getting the individual css properties using jquery:

o css(“property”)
7. Setting multiple individual css properties:

o css( { “property”:”value”, “property”:”value”, … } )
Example on Add Class:

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - AddClass</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
.class1

{
color: cyan;
font-size: 50px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="add class">
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("#div1").addClass("class1");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Example on Remove Class:

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - RemoveClass</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
.class1
{
color: cyan;
}
</style>

</head>
<body>
<div id="div1" class="class1">Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the
printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of
the printing and typesetting industry.</div>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="remove class">
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("#div1").removeClass("class1");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Example on Toggle Class:

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - ToggleClass</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
.class1
{
color: cyan;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>

<input type="button" id="button1" value="toggle class">
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("#div1").toggleClass("class1");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Example on Has Class:

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - HasClass</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
.class1
{
color: cyan;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="has class">
<script>

function fun1()
{
var b = $("#div1").hasClass("class1");
alert(b);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Example on Get CSS:

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Get CSS</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
.class1
{
color: cyan;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="get css property">
<script>
function fun1()
{
var item = $("#div1").css("font-size");

alert(item);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Example on Set CSS:

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Set CSS</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="set a css property">
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("#div1").css("color", "#ff0099");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Example on Set Multiple CSS:
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Set CSS Multiple Properties</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="set a css property">
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("#div1").css( { "color": "yellow", "background-color": "darkblue",
"font-size": "30px", "font-weight": "bold", "font-family": 'Tahoma' } );
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Animations
Animations
• jQuery Animations are used to change a css property’s value gradually, based
on the specified milli seconds.
• We can animate any pixels-based and color-based properties.
Syntax:
animate( { “property”: ”value”, “property”: “value”, … }, milli seconds)
Example on Animations - Width:

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Animations</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
#div1
{
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
position: relative;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1">Hello World</div><br>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="animate width">
<script>

function fun1()
{
$("#div1").animate( {"width":"200px"}, 1000);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Example on Animations - Height:

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Animations - Height</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
#div1
{
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
position: relative;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="animate height">
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("#div1").animate({"height":"200px"}, 1000);

}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Example on Animations – Width and Height:

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Animations - Width and Height</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
#div1
{
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
position: relative;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="animate width and height">
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("#div1").animate( {"width": "300px", "height":"300px"}, 1000);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Example on Animations – Width and Then Height:
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Animations</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
#div1
{
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
position: relative;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1">Hello World</div>
<br>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="animate width and then
height">
<script>
function fun1()
{
//jquery chaining (calling jquery functions in a sequence)
$("#div1").animate({"width": "300px"}, 1000).animate({"height":
"300px"},1000).delay(1000).fadeOut(3000);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Example on Animations – Multiple Properties:
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Animations - Multiple Properties</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
#div1
{
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
position: relative;
left: 0px;
top: 0px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1">Hello World</div>
<br>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="animate multiple
properties">
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("#div1").animate( { "font-size": "50px", "border-width": "10px",
"left": "30px", "top": "50px", "width": "400px", "height": "400px" }, 1000);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Example on Animations – scrollTop:
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Animations - scrollTop</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<a href="#" id="link1">Go to Heading 7</a>
<h1 id="heading1">Heading 1</h1>

<p>If you have a Google Account, we may display your Profile name,
Profile photo, and actions you take on Google or on third-party
applications connected to your Google Account (such as +1’s, reviews you
write and comments you post) in our Services, including displaying in ads
and other commercial contexts. We will respect the choices you make to
limit sharing or visibility settings in your Google Account. For example,
you can choose your settings so your name and photo do not appear in an
ad.</p>
ad.</p>

ad.</p>
ad.</p>
ad.</p>
ad.</p>
ad.</p>

ad.</p>
ad.</p>
ad.</p>
<script>
$("#link1").click(fun1);
function fun1()
{
$("body").animate( { "scrollTop": $("#heading7").offset().top },
1000);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

document.ready( )
document.ready( )
• “document.ready( )” function is used to call a function automatically after the
web page loading completed in the browser.
Syntax 1:
$(document).ready(functionname);
Syntax 2:
$(functionname);
Syntax 3:
jQuery(functionname);
Example on Document.Ready( ):
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Document.ready</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
<script>
//$(document).ready(fun1);
$(fun1);
//jQuery(fun1);
function fun1()
{

alert("Page loaded");
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Page</h1>
</body>
</html>

Selectors
Selectors
• “Selector” is a syntax to select the desired elements in the web page.
• We have to select the elements, and then we can manipulate them.
• We have to pass the selector as argument to the $( ) function. The $( ) function
receives the selector, searches the web page and returns the matching
elements in the web page.
Syntax: $(“selector”)
Example: $(“p”)
List of jQuery Selectors

1. Tag Selector
2. ID Selector
3. Class Selector
4. Compound Selector
5. Grouping Selector
6. Child Selector
8. Adjacent Siblings Selector
9. Adjacent One Sibling Selector
10. :first filter
11. :last filter
12. :even filter
13. :odd filter
14. :eq filter
15. :gt filter
16. :lt filter
17. :not filter

19. Attribute Selector – Not
20. Attribute Selector – Starts With
21. Attribute Selector – Ends Wih
22. Attribute Selector – Contains
23. Contains
24. Has
25. Empy
26. :first-child filter
27. :last-child filter
28. :nth-child filter
29. :only-child filter
30. parent( )
31. next( )
32. prev( )
33. siblings( )
34. children( )
35. index( )
36. :input filter
37. :text filter
38. :password filter
39. :radio filter
40. :checkbox filter
41. :image filter
42. :file filter
43. :submit filter
44. :reset filter
45. :button filter
46. :text:disabled filter
47. :radio:checked filter
48. :checkbox:checked filter

Tag Selector
Tag Selector
• It selects all the instances of the specified tag.
Syntax: $(“tag”)
Example: $(“p”)
Example on Tag Selector

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Tag Selector</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 2</p>
<p>para 3</p>
<p>para 4</p>
<p>para 5</p>
<input type="button" value="Select" id="button1">
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("p").css("background-color", "lightgreen"); //tag selector
//It selects all <p> tags
//Selector = Syntax to select
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

ID Selector
ID Selector
• It selects a single element based on the ID.
Syntax: $(“#id”)
Example: $(“#p1”)
Example on ID Selector
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - ID Selector</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 2</p>
<p>para 4</p>
<p>para 5</p>
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("#p3").css("background-color", "lightgreen"); //id selector
//It selects the <p> tag that has id="p3"
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Class Selector
Class Selector
• It selects all the instances based on the class name.
Syntax: $(“.class”)
Example: $(“.c1”)
Example on Class Selector

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Class Selector</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>para 2</p>
<p>para 5</p>
<script>
function fun1()
{
$(".c1").css("background-color", "lightgreen"); //class selector
//It selects the tags that have class="class1"
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Example 2 on Class Selector
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Class Selector 2</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>para 2</p>
<p>para 5</p>
<div class="c1">div1</div>
<div>div2</div>
<div>div4</div>
<script>
function fun1()
{
$(".c1").css("background-color", "lightgreen"); //class selector
//It selects the <p> tags and <div> tags that have class="c1"
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Compound Selector
Compound Selector
• It selects the element that has specified tag and specified class name.
Syntax: $(“tag.class”)
Example: $(“p.c1”)
Example on Compound Selector

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Compound Selector</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>para 2</p>
<p>para 5</p>
<div>div2</div>
<div>div4</div>
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("p.c1").css("background-color", "lightgreen");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Grouping Selector
Grouping Selector
• It selects all the specified group of tags.
Syntax: $(“tag1,tag2,tag3,…”)
Example: $(“div,p,h2,span”)
Example on Grouping Selector

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Grouping Selector</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
div
{
margin-bottom: 5px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 2</p>
<div>div1</div>
<div>div2</div>
<div>div3</div>
<div>div4</div>
<span>span</span>
<span>span</span>
<span>span</span>
<br>

<script>
function fun1()
{
$("p,div,span").css("background-color", "lightgreen"); //grouping
selector
//It selects all <div> tags, <p> tags and all <span> tags
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Child Selector (or) Descendent Selector
Child Selector (or) Descendent Selector
• It selects all the child tags of the specified parent tag.
• It selects all the child tags including grand children.
Syntax: $(“parent child”)

Example: $(“div p”)
Example on Child Selector / Descendent Selector

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Descendent Selector</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
div
{
margin-bottom: 5px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 2</p>
<p>para 3</p>
</div>
<p>para 4</p>
<p>para 5</p>
<p>para 6</p>

<script>
function fun1()
{
$("div p").css("background-color", "lightgreen"); //Descendent
Selector or Child Selector
//It selects all the <p> tags that are children of <div>
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Example 2 on Child Selector / Descendent Selector

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Descendent Selector 2</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
div
{
margin-bottom: 5px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 2</p>
<b>
<p>para 3</p>
<p>para 4</p>
</b>
</div>
<p>para 5</p>
<p>para 6</p>

<p>para 7</p>
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("div p").css("background-color", "lightgreen"); //Descendent
Selector or Child Selector (including grand children)
//It selects all the <p> tags that are direct children or grand
children of <div>
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

• It selects all the child tags that are direct children of the specified parent tag.
• It selects the child tags excluding grand children.
Syntax: $(“parent>child”)
Example: $(“div>p”)
Example on Direct Child Selector

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Direct Child Selector</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
div
{
margin-bottom: 5px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 2</p>
<p>para 3</p>
<b>
<p>para 4</p>
<p>para 5</p>
</b>
</div>
<p>para 6</p>
<p>para 7</p>

<p>para 7</p>
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("div>p").css("background-color", "lightgreen"); //Direct Child
Selector (excluding grand children)
//It selects all the <p> tags that are direct children of <div>
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

• It selects all the sibling tags, which are adjacent to the current tag.
Syntax: $(“currenttag~siblingtag”)
Example: $(“#p2~p”)
Example on Adjacent Siblings Selector

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Adjacent Siblings Selector</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1">
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 3</p>
<p>para 4</p>
<p>para 5</p>
<p>para 6</p>
</div>
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("#p2~p").css("border", "10px solid lightgreen");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Note: Place “img4.jpg”, “img5.jpg”, “img6.jpg” in the current folder (c:\jquery).

• It selects the only one sibling element, which is immediate adjacent to the
current element.
Syntax: $(“currenttag+siblingtag”)
Example: $(“#p2+p”)
Example on Adjacent One Sibling Selector

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Adjacent One Sibling Selector</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1">
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 3</p>
<p>para 4</p>
<p>para 5</p>
<p>para 6</p>
</div>
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("#p2+p").css("border", "10px solid lightgreen");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Note: Place “img4.jpg”, “img5.jpg”, “img6.jpg” in the current folder (c:\jquery).

:first filter
:first filter
• It selects the first element.
Syntax: $(“tag:first”)
Example: $(“p:first”)
Example on :first filter

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - First</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 2</p>
<p>para 3</p>
<p>para 4</p>
<p>para 5</p>
<p>para 6</p>
<p>para 7</p>
<p>para 8</p>
<p>para 9</p>
<p>para 10</p>
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("p:first").css("background-color", "lightgreen");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>


:last filter
:last filter
• It selects the last element.
Syntax: $(“tag:last”)
Example: $(“p:last”)
Example on :last filter

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Last</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 2</p>
<p>para 3</p>
<p>para 4</p>
<p>para 5</p>
<p>para 6</p>
<p>para 7</p>
<p>para 8</p>
<p>para 9</p>
<p>para 10</p>
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("p:last").css("background-color", "lightgreen");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

:even filter
:even filter
• It selects all the even elements (0, 2, 4, 6, …) etc.
Syntax: $(“tag:even”)
Example: $(“p:even”)
Example on :even filter

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Even</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 2</p>
<p>para 3</p>
<p>para 4</p>
<p>para 5</p>
<p>para 6</p>
<p>para 7</p>
<p>para 8</p>
<p>para 9</p>
<p>para 10</p>
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("p:even").css("background-color", "lightgreen");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

:odd filter
:odd filter
• It selects all the odd elements (1, 3, 5, 7, …) etc.
Syntax: $(“tag:odd”)
Example: $(“p:odd”)
Example on :odd filter

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Odd</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 2</p>
<p>para 3</p>
<p>para 4</p>
<p>para 5</p>
<p>para 6</p>
<p>para 7</p>
<p>para 8</p>
<p>para 9</p>
<p>para 10</p>
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("p:odd").css("background-color", "lightgreen");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

:eq filter
:eq filter
• It selects the single element, based on the specified index.
Syntax: $(“tag:eq(n)”)
Example: $(“p:eq(n)”)
Example on :eq filter

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Eq</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 2</p>
<p>para 3</p>
<p>para 4</p>
<p>para 5</p>
<p>para 6</p>
<p>para 7</p>
<p>para 8</p>
<p>para 9</p>
<p>para 10</p>
<script>
function fun1()

{
$("p:eq(3)").css("background-color", "lightgreen"); //equal - filter
//$("p").eq(3).css("background-color", "lightgreen"); //equal -

function
//It selects the <p> which index position is "3". Index starts from
zero (0).
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

:gt filter
:gt filter
• It selects the elements where index is greater than specified index.
Syntax: $(“tag:gt(n)”)
Example: $(“p:gt(n)”)
Example on :gt filter

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Gt</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 2</p>
<p>para 3</p>
<p>para 4</p>
<p>para 5</p>
<p>para 6</p>
<p>para 7</p>
<p>para 8</p>
<p>para 9</p>
<p>para 10</p>
<script>
function fun1()

{
$("p:gt(3)").css("background-color", "lightgreen"); //greater than
- filter
//It selects the <p> which index position is greater than "3". Index
starts from zero (0).
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

:lt filter
:lt filter
• It selects the elements where index is less than specified index.
Syntax: $(“tag:lt(n)”)
Example: $(“p:lt(n)”)
Example on :lt filter

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Lt</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 2</p>
<p>para 3</p>
<p>para 4</p>
<p>para 5</p>
<p>para 6</p>
<p>para 7</p>
<p>para 8</p>
<p>para 9</p>
<p>para 10</p>
<script>
function fun1()

{
$("p:lt(3)").css("background-color", "lightgreen"); //less than -
filter
//It selects the <p> which index position is less than "3". Index
starts from zero (0).
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

:not filter
:not filter
• It selects all the tags, except the specified tags.
Syntax: $(“selector:not(another selector)”)

Example: $(“p:not(#p3)”)
Example on :not filter

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Not</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 2</p>
<p>para 3</p>
<p>para 4</p>
<p>para 5</p>
<p>para 6</p>
<p>para 7</p>
<p>para 8</p>
<p>para 9</p>
<p>para 10</p>
<script>
function fun1()

{
$("p:not(p:eq(3))").css("background-color", "lightgreen"); //not -
filter
//It selects the <p> which index position is not equal to "3".
//$("p:eq(3),p:eq(5)").css("background-color", "lightgreen");
//It selects the <p> which index position is equal to "3" and "5".
//$("p:not(p:eq(3),p:eq(5))").css("background-color",
"lightgreen"); //not - filter
//It selects the <p> which index position is not equal to "3" and
"5".
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Attribute Selector
Attribute Selector
• It selects all the elements that have specified attribute.
Syntax: $(“tag[attribute=’value’]”)
Example: $(“img[src=’img1.jpg’]”)
Example on Attribute Selector

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Attribute Selector</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<img src="img5.jpg" width="100px" >
<br>
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("img[width='100px']").css("border", "4px solid red"); //attribute
selector

//It selects the <img> tag that have an attribute called
width="100px"
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Note: Place “img1.jpg”, “img2.jpg”, “img3.jpg”, “img4.jpg”, “img5.jpg”, “img6.jpg” in

the current folder (c:\jquery).

Attribute Selector - Not
Attribute Selector - Not
• It selects all the elements that are having the specified attribute, where the
value is not equal to the specified value.
Syntax: $(“tag[attribute!=’value’]”)
Example: $(“img[src!=’img1.jpg’]”)
Example on Attribute Selector - Not

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Attribute Selector - Not</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<br>
<script>
function fun1()
{

$("img[width!='100px']").css("border", "4px solid red");
//attribute selector - not
//$("img:not(img[width='100px'])").css("border", "4px solid red");
//attribute selector - not
//It selects the <img> tag that width is not equal to "100px"
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Note: Place “img1.jpg”, “img2.jpg”, “img3.jpg”, “img4.jpg”, “img5.jpg”, “img6.jpg” in

the current folder (c:\jquery).

Attribute Selector – Starts With
Attribute Selector – Starts With
• It selects all the elements that have specified attribute, where the value
starts with specified value.
Syntax: $(“tag[attribute^=’value’]”)
Example: $(“img[src^=’i’]”)
Example on Attribute Selector – Starts With

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Attribute Selector - Starts With</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<img src="water.jpg" width="100px">
<img src="spring.jpg" width="100px">
<br>
<script>
function fun1()

{
$("img[src^='wa']").css("border", "4px solid red"); //attribute
selector - starts with
//It selects <img> tag that has "src" attribute that starts with
"wa".
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Note: Place “img1.jpg”, “img2.jpg”, “img3.jpg”, “img4.jpg”, “img5.jpg”, “img6.jpg”,

“Spring.jpg”, “Water.jpg” in the current folder (c:\jquery).

Attribute Selector – Ends With
Attribute Selector – Ends With
• It selects all the elements that have specified attribute, where the value ends
with specified value.
Syntax: $(“tag[attribute$=’value’]”)
Example: $(“img[src$=’jpg’]”)
Example on Attribute Selector – Ends With

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Attribute Selector - Ends With</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<img src="apple.gif" width="100px">
<img src="earth.gif" width="100px">
<br>
<script>

function fun1()
{
$("img[src$='jpg']").css("border", "4px solid red"); //attribute
selector - ends with
//It selects <img> tag that has "src" attribute that ends with "jpg".
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

“Spring.jpg”, “Water.jpg”, “apple.gif”, “earth.gif” in the current folder (c:\jquery).

Attribute Selector – Contains
Attribute Selector – Contains
• It selects all the elements that have specified attribute, where the value
contains specified value.
Syntax: $(“tag[attribute*=’value’]”)
Example: $(“img[src*=j]”)
Example on Attribute Selector – Contains

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Attribute Selector - Contains</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<img src="apple.gif" width="100px">
<img src="earth.gif" width="100px">
<br>
<script>

function fun1()
{
$("img[src*='5']").css("border", "4px solid red"); //attribute
selector - contains
//It selects <img> tag that has "src" attribute that contains "5".
//$("img[src*='5'],img[src*='2']").css("border", "4px solid red");

//attribute selector - contains
//It selects <img> tag that has "src" attribute that contains "5" or
"2".
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

“Spring.jpg”, “Water.jpg”, “apple.gif”, “earth.gif” in the current folder (c:\jquery).

:contains filter
:contains filter
• It selects the elements that have inner html that contains specified value.
Syntax: $(“tag:contains(‘value’)”)
Example: $(“p:contains(‘Services’)”)
Example on Contains Filter

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Contains</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing.</p>
readable content of a page when looking at its layout.</p>
<p>Contrary to popular belief, Lorem Ipsum is not simply random
text.</p>
<p>It has roots in a piece of classical Latin literature from 45 BC,
making it over 2000 years old.</p>
<p>If you are going to use a passage of Lorem Ipsum, you need to be
sure there isn't anything embarrassing hidden in the middle of text.</p>
<p>The generated Lorem Ipsum is therefore always free from
repetition, injected humour, or non-characteristic words etc.</p>
<p>Various versions have over the years, sometimes by accident,
sometimes on purpose.</p>
humour, or randomised words which don't look even slightly
believable.</p>

<p>All the Lorem Ipsum generators on the Internet tend to repeat
predefined chunks as necessary, making this the first true generator on
the Internet.</p>
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("p:contains('you')").css("background-color", "lightgreen");
//contains
//It selects <p> that has content "you"
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

:has filter
:has filter
• It selects the elements that have child elements that matches with specified
selector.
Syntax: $(“tag:has(‘selector’)”)
Example: $(“p:has(‘span’)”)
Example on Has Filter

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Has</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>It is a long established fact that a reader <span>will be
distracted</span> by the readable content of a page when looking at its
layout.</p>
<p>Contrary to popular belief, Lorem Ipsum is not simply random
text.</p>
<p>It has roots in a piece of classical Latin literature from <span>45
BC</span>, making it over 2000 years old.</p>
<p>If you are going to use a passage of <span>Lorem Ipsum</span>,
you need to be sure there isn't anything embarrassing hidden in the middle
of text.</p>
<p>The generated Lorem Ipsum is therefore always free from
repetition, injected humour, or non-characteristic words etc.</p>
<p>There are many variations of passages of <span>Lorem Ipsum
available</span>, but the majority have suffered alteration in some form,

by injected humour, or randomised words which don't look even slightly
believable.</p>
the Internet.</p>
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("p:has('span')").css("background-color", "lightgreen"); //has
//It selects the <p> tags that have a child called <span>
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

:empty filter
:empty filter
• It selects the elements where inner html is empty.
Syntax: $(“tag:empty”)
Example: $(“p:empty”)
Example on Empty Filter

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Empty</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
p
{
padding: 5px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
readable content of a page when looking at its layout.</p>
<p></p>
<p>It has roots in a piece of classical Latin literature from 45 BC,
making it over 2000 years old.</p>
<p></p>

humour, or randomised words which don't look even slightly
believable.</p>
<p></p>
the Internet.</p>
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("p:empty").css("border", "3px solid red"); //empty - filter
//It selects the empty <p> tags
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

:first-child filter
:first-child filter
• It selects all the elements that are first child of its parent.
Syntax: $(“tag:first-child”)
Example: $(“p:first-child”)
Example on :first-child Filter

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - First-Child</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
#div1
{
}
#div2
{
}
#div3
{
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1">
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 2</p>
<p>para 3</p>
<p>para 4</p>
<p>para 5</p>

</div>
<div id="div2">
<p>para 6</p>
<p>para 7</p>
<p>para 8</p>
<p>para 9</p>
<p>para 10</p>
</div>
<div id="div3">
<p>para 11</p>
<p>para 12</p>
<p>para 13</p>
<p>para 14</p>
<p>para 15</p>
</div>
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("p:first-child").css("background-color", "lightgreen"); //first-
child
//It selects the <p> tag, which is the first child or its parent.
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

:last-child filter
:last-child filter
• It selects all the elements that are last child of its parent.
Syntax: $(“tag:last-child”)
Example: $(“p:last-child”)
Example on :last-child Filter

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Last-Child</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
#div1
{
}
#div2
{
}
#div3
{
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1">
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 2</p>
<p>para 3</p>
<p>para 4</p>
<p>para 5</p>

</div>
<div id="div2">
<p>para 6</p>
<p>para 7</p>
<p>para 8</p>
<p>para 9</p>
<p>para 10</p>
</div>
<div id="div3">
<p>para 11</p>
<p>para 12</p>
<p>para 13</p>
<p>para 14</p>
<p>para 15</p>
</div>
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("p:last-child").css("background-color", "lightgreen"); //last-
child
//It selects the <p> tag, which is the last child or its parent.
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

:nth-child filter
:nth-child filter
• It selects all the elements that are nth child of its parent.
Syntax: $(“tag:nth-child(n)”)
Example: $(“p:nth-child(2)”)
Note: Index starts from ‘1’.
Example on :nth-child Filter

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Nth-Child</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
#div1
{
}
#div2
{
}
#div3
{
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1">
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 2</p>

<p>para 3</p>
<p>para 4</p>
<p>para 5</p>
</div>
<div id="div2">
<p>para 6</p>
<p>para 7</p>
<p>para 8</p>
<p>para 9</p>
<p>para 10</p>
</div>
<div id="div3">
<p>para 11</p>
<p>para 12</p>
<p>para 13</p>
<p>para 14</p>
<p>para 15</p>
</div>
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("p:nth-child(2)").css("background-color", "lightgreen"); //nth-
child. Index starts from '1'.
//It selects the <p> tag, which index position is "2" in its parent.
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

:only-child filter
:only-child filter
• It selects the child element, which is only one child of its parent.
Syntax: $(“tag:only-chid”)
Example: $(“p:only-child”)
Example on :only-child Filter

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Only-child</title>
#div1
{
}
#div2
{
}
#div3
{
}
#div4
{
}
#div5
{
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1">
<p>para 1</p>

<p>para 2</p>
<p>para 3</p>
<p>para 4</p>
</div>
<div id="div2">
<p>para 5</p>
</div>
<div id="div3">
<p>para 6</p>
<p>para 7</p>
</div>
<div id="div4">
<p>para 8</p>
<p>para 9</p>
</div>
<div id="div5">
<p>para 10</p>
</div>
<div id="div6">
<p>para 11</p>
<p>para 12</p>
<p>para 13</p>
<p>para 14</p>
<p>para 15</p>
</div>
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("p:only-child").css("background-color", "lightgreen"); //only-
child
//It selects the <p> tag that is only one child of its parent.
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

parent( )
parent( )
• It selects the parent element of the current element.
Syntax: parent( )
Example: $(“#p1”).parent( )
Example on parent( )
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Parent</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1">
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 3</p>
<p>para 4</p>
</div>
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("#p2").parent().css("background-color", "lightgreen");
//The "parent()" function returns the parent tag of "#p1"
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

next( )
next( )
• It selects the next element of the current element.
Syntax: next( )
Example: $(“#p1”).next( )
Example on next( )
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Next</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1">
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 3</p>
<p>para 4</p>
</div>
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("#p2").next().css("background-color", "lightgreen");
//The "next()" function returns next tag, which is present after
"#p2".
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

prev( )
prev( )
• It selects the previous element of the current element.
Syntax: prev( )
Example: $(“#p2”).prev( )
Example on prev( )
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Prev</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1">
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 2</p>
<p>para 4</p>
<p>para 5</p>
</div>
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("#p3").prev().css("background-color", "lightgreen");
//The "prev()" function returns the previous tag, which is present
before "#p3".
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

siblings( )
siblings( )
• It selects all the sibling elements of the current element.
Syntax: siblings( )
Example: $(“#p2”).siblings( )
Example on siblings( )
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Siblings</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1">
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 2</p>
<p>para 4</p>
<p>para 5</p>
</div>
<p>para 6</p>
<p>para 7</p>
<p>para 8</p>
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("#p3").siblings().css("background-color", "lightgreen");
//It selects all tags that are siblings (brothers) of "#p1".
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

children( )
children( )
• It selects all the child tags of the specified parent tag.
Syntax: children( )
Example: $(“#div1”).children( )
Example on children( )
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Children</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1">
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 2</p>
<p>para 3</p>
<p>para 4</p>
<p>para 5</p>
</div>
<p>para 6</p>
<p>para 7</p>
<p>para 8</p>
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("#div1").children().css("background-color", "lightgreen");
//It selects all tags that are children of "#div1".
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

index( )
index( )
• It returns the index of the current element.
Syntax: index( )
Example: $(“#p2”).index( )
Example on index( )
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Index</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 2</p>
<p>para 3</p>
<p>para 5</p>
<p>para 6</p>
<p>para 7</p>
<p>para 8</p>
<input type="button" value="Index" id="button1">
<script>
function fun1()
{
var n = $("#p4").index();
alert(n);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Form Filters
Form Filters
• Form filters are used to select the various form elements, such as textboxes,
checkbox, radio buttons, dropdownlists etc.
• :input It selects all <input>, <textarea> and <select> tags.
• :text It selects all <input type=”text”>
• :password It selects all <input type=”password”>
• :submit It selects all <input type=”submit”>
• :reset It selects all <input type=”reset”>
• :checkbox It selects all <input type=”checkbox”>
• :radio It selects all <input type=”radio”>
• :file It selects all <input type=”file”>
• :image It selects all <input type=”image”>
• :hidden It selects all <input type=”hidden”>
• :button It selects all <input type=”button”>
• :checkbox:checked It selects all <input type=”checkbox”> that are
currently checked
• :radio:checked It selects all <input type=”radio”> that are
currently checked
• :text:enabled It selects all <input type=”text”> that are
currently enabled
• :text:disabled It selects all <input type=”text”> that are
currently disabled
Example on Form Filters

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Form Filters</title>
body,input,textarea,select,table
{

font-size: 25px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Form Filters</h2>
<form action="server.aspx" method="post" name="frm">
<table>
<tr>
<td>first name</td>
<td>:</td>
<td colspan="4"><input type="text" name="first name"
class="color" size="35"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>middle name</td>
<td>:</td>
<td colspan="4"><input type="text" name="middle name"
</tr>
<tr>
<td>last name</td>
<td>:</td>
<td colspan="4"><input type="text" name="last name"
class="color" size="35" disabled="disabled"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>password</td>
<td>:</td>
<td colspan="3"><input type="password" name="password"
</tr>
<tr>
<td>date of birth</td>
<td>:</td>
<td>
<select class="color" name="month">
<option value="na">Month</option>
<option value="1">January</option>
<option value="2">February</option>
<option value="3">March</option>
<option value="4">April</option>

<option value="5">May</option>
<option value="6">June</option>
<option value="7">July</option>
<option value="8">August</option>
<option value="9">September</option>
<option value="10">October</option>
<option value="11">November</option>
<option value="12">December</option>
</select>
</td>
<td>
<select name="day" id="day" class="color">
<option value="na">Day</option>
</select>
</td>
<td>
<select name="year" class="color">
<option value="na">Year</option>
<option value="2015">2018</option>



</select>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>hidden</td>
<td>:</td>
<td colspan="4"><input type="hidden" name="hidden"
class="color"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>gender</td>
<td>:</td>
<td colspan="4">
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="male"
class="color" checked="checked">
male
<input type="radio" name="gender" value="female"
class="color">
female
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>address</td>
<td>:</td>
<td colspan="4"><textarea></textarea></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>hobbies</td>
<td>:</td>
<td>
<input type="checkbox" name="hobbies" value="movies"
checked="checked" class="color">
movies<br>
<input type="checkbox" name="hobbies" value="games"
class="color">
games
</td>
<td>
<p>

<input type="checkbox" name="hobbies" value="sports"
class="color">
sports <br>
<input type="checkbox" name="hobbies" value="books"
class="color">
books
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4">
<center>
<input name="image" type="image" src="submit.png"
class="color" value="image">
</center>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4">
<center>
<input type="file" value="file" class="color" name="file">
</center>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4">
<center>
<input type="submit" value="submit" class="color"
name="submit">
</center>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4">
<center>
<input type="reset" value="reset" class="color"
name="reset">
</center>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4">

<center>
<input type="button" value="button" class="color"
name="button">
<br>
<button>button</button>
</center>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
<script>
function fun1()
{
$(":input").css("background-color","green"); //input, select,
textarea
//$(":text").css("background-color","green");
//$(":password").css("background-color","green");
//$(":radio").css("background-color","green")
//$(":checkbox").css("background-color","green")
//$(":image").css("background-color","green")
//$(":file").css("background-color","green")
//$(":submit").css("background-color","green")
//$(":reset").css("background-color","green")
//$(":button").css("background-color","green");
//$(":text:disabled").css("background-color","green").val("this is
disabled");
//$(":text:enabled").css("background-color","green");
//$(":radio:checked").css("background-color","green")
//$(":checkbox:checked").css("background-color","green")
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Table Styles
Table Styles
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Table Styles</title>
body,table
{
font-size: 30px;
}
.class1
{
}
.class2
{
background-color: #99ffff;
}
.class3
{
}
.class4
{
padding: 5px;
}
.class5
{
}
.class6
{
cursor: pointer;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<table id="table1">

<tr>
<th>Item</th>
<th>Price</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Milk</td>
<td>1.99</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Eggs</td>
<td>2.29</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Butter</td>
<td>3.49</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Bread</td>
<td>0.99</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pasta</td>
<td>1.19</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Honey</td>
<td>4.39</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Cookies</td>
<td>2.99</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Apples</td>
<td>0.59</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Sugar</td>
<td>1.78</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pepper</td>

<td>1.56</td>
</tr>
</table>
<script>
$("#table1").addClass("class1");
$("#table1 tr:even").addClass("class2");
$("#table1 tr:odd").addClass("class3");
$("#table1 tr td, #table1 tr th").addClass("class4");
$("#table1 tr:first").addClass("class5");
$("#table1 tr:gt(0)").hover(fun1, fun2);
function fun1()
{
$(this).addClass("class6");
}
function fun2()
{
$(this).removeClass("class6");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Get html( )
Get html( )
• The html( ) gets the current inner html of the tag (including child tags).
Syntax: html( )
Example: $(“#p1”).html( )
Example on get html( )

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Get Html</title>
#div1
{
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1">
Hello, <b>how</b> are you
</div>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="get html">
<script>
function fun1()
{
//get html (including child tags)
var s = $("#div1").html();
alert(s);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Get text( )
Get text( )
• The text( ) function gets the current inner html of the tag (only plain text,
excluding child tags).
Syntax: text( )
Example: $(“#p1”).text( )
Example on get text( )

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Get Text</title>
#div1
{
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1">
</div>
<br>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="get text">
<script>
function fun1()
{
//get text (excluding child tags)
var s = $("#div1").text();
alert(s);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Set html( )
Set html( )
• The html( ) function is used to set (overwrite) the inner html of the tag
(including child tags).
Syntax: html(“new inner html” )
Example: $(“#div1”).html(“<p>Hello</p>”)
Example on set html( )

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Set Html</title>
#div1
{
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1">
</div>
<br>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="set html">
<script>
function fun1()
{
//set html
$("#div1").html("I am <b>fine</b>");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Set text( )
Set text( )
• The text( ) function is used to set (overwrite) the inner html of the tag (only
plain text).
Syntax: text(“new inner html” )
Example: $(“#div1”).text(“Hello”)
Example on set text( )

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Set Text</title>
#div1
{
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1">
</div>
<br>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="set text">
<script>
function fun1()
{
//set text
$("#div1").text("I am fine");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

before( )
before( )
• This function adds new content before the start tag of the element.
Syntax: before(“new inner html” )
Example: $(“#div1”).before(“<p>new para</p>”)
Example on before( )
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Before</title>
#div1
{
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1">
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 2</p>
<p>para 3</p>
</div>
<br>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="before">
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("#div1").before("<p>new para</p>");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

prepend( )
prepend( )
• This function adds new content after the start tag of the element.
Syntax: prepend(“new content” )

Example: $(“#div1”).prepend(“<p>new para</p>”)
Example on prepend( )
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Prepend</title>
#div1
{
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1">
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 2</p>
<p>para 3</p>
</div>
<br>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="prepend">
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("#div1").prepend("<p>new para</p>");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

append( )
append( )
• This function adds new content before the end tag of the element.
Syntax: append(“new content” )

Example: $(“#div1”).append(“<p>new para</p>”)
Example on append( )
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Append</title>
#div1
{
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1">
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 2</p>
<p>para 3</p>
</div>
<br>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="append">
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("#div1").append("<p>new para</p>");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

after( )
after( )
• This function adds new content after the closing tag of the element.
Syntax: after(“new content” )

Example: $(“#div1”).after(“<p>new para</p>”)
Example on after( )
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - After</title>
#div1
{
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1">
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 2</p>
<p>para 3</p>
</div>
<br>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="after">
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("#div1").after("<p>new para</p>");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

insertBefore( )
insertBefore( )
• This function cuts an existing element and pastes the same before the start
tag of destination element.
Syntax: insertBefore(“destination element” )

Example: $(“#p1”).insertBefore(“#div1”)
Example on insertBefore( )
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - InsertBefore</title>
#div1
{
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1">
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 2</p>
<p>para 3</p>
</div>
<span id="span1">span1</span><br>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="insert before">
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("#span1").insertBefore("#div1");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

prependTo( )
prependTo( )
• This function cuts an existing element and pastes the same after the start tag
of destination element.
Syntax: prependTo(“destination element” )
Example: $(“#p1”).prependTo(“#div1”)
Example on prependTo( )
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - PrependTo</title>
#div1
{
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<span id="span1">span1</span>
<div id="div1">
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 2</p>
<p>para 3</p>
</div><br>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="prepend to">
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("#span1").prependTo("#div1");
//$("#span1").clone().prependTo("#div1");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

appendTo( )
appendTo( )
• This function cuts an existing element and pastes the same before the end
tag of destination element.
Syntax: appendTo(“destination element” )
Example: $(“#p1”).appendTo(“#div1”)
Example on appendTo( )
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - AppendTo</title>
#div1
{
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1">
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 2</p>
<p>para 3</p>
</div>
<br>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="append to">
<script>
function fun1()
{
//$("#span1").appendTo("#div1");
$("#span1").clone().appendTo("#div1");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

insertAfter( )
insertAfter( )
• This function cuts an existing element and pastes the same after end tag of
destination element.
Syntax: insertAfter(“destination element” )
Example: $(“#p1”).insertAfter(“#div1”)
Example on insertAfter( )
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - InsertAfter</title>
#div1
{
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1">
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 2</p>
<p>para 3</p>
</div>
<br><input type="button" id="button1" value="insert after">
<script>
function fun1()
{
//insert after ending tag
$("#span1").insertAfter("#div1");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

wrap( )
wrap( )
• This function adds a parent tag for each selected element.
Syntax: wrap(“<parenttag></parenttag>” )
Example: $(“p”).wrap(“<div></div>”)
Example on wrap( )
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Wrap</title>
div
{
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 2</p>
<p>para 3</p>
<br>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="wrap">
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("p").wrap("<div></div>");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

wrapAll( )
wrapAll( )
• This function adds a common parent tag for all the selected elements.
Syntax: wrapAll(“<parenttag></parenttag>” )
Example: $(“p”).wrapAll(“<div></div>”)
Example on wrapAll( )
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - WrapAll</title>
div
{
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>para 1</p>
<p>para 2</p>
<p>para 3</p>
<br>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="wrap all">
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("p").wrapAll("<div></div>");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

empty( )
empty( )
• This function is used to delete the inner html of the element.
Syntax: empty( )
Example: $(“p”).empty( )
Example on empty( )
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Empty</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
#div1
{
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<br>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="empty">
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("#div1").empty();
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

remove( )
remove( )
• This function removes an existing element.
Syntax: remove( )
Example: $(“p”).remove( )
Example on remove( )
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Remove</title>
#div1
{
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1">Hello</div><br>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="remove">
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("#div1").remove();
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

replaceWith( )
replaceWith( )
• This function replaces (overwrites) an existing element with another
element.
Syntax: replaceWith(“new content”)

Example: $(“div”).replaceWith(“<p>new para</p>”)
Example on replaceWith( )
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - ReplaceWith</title>
#div1
{
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<br>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="replace with">
<script>
function fun1()
{
$("#div1").replaceWith("<p>new para</p>");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Append – Advanced Examples
Append – Advanced Example 1
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Append 1</title>
body,select
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
Years:
<select id="dropdownlist1">
</select>
<script>
for(var i=2017; i>=2000; i--)
{
var s = "<option>" + i + "</option>";
$("#dropdownlist1").append(s);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

<html>
<head>
body,input
{

font-size: 30px;
}
#div1 p
{
font-size: 35px;
background-color: orange;
margin: 2px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h3>Friends</h3>
<div id="div1">
</div>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="+" title="Add">
<script>
function fun1()
{
var s = "<p>" + $("#txt1").val() + "</p>";
$("#div1").append(s);
$("#txt1").val("").focus();
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

<html>
<head>
<style>
#div1 input[type=text]
{

font-family: Calibri;
font-size: 24px;
margin: 2px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h3>Type some numbers</h3>
<div id="div1">
</div>
<span id="span1">Result here</span>
<script>
for(var i=1; i <= 10; i++)
{
var s = "<input type='text' id='txt" + i + "'> <br>";
$("#div1").append(s);
}
var sum = 0;
function fun1()
{
var alltextboxes = $("#div1 input[type=text]");
for (var i = 0; i < alltextboxes.length; i++)
{
sum += parseInt( $(alltextboxes[i]).val() ); //'this' means current
text box
}
$("#span1").html(sum);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<h3>Enter Employee Details</h3>
<div id="div1">
Emp ID:<br><input type="text" id="textbox1"><br>
Emp Name:<br><input type="text" id="textbox2"><br>
Salary:<br><input type="text" id="textbox3">
</div>
<table id="table1" border="1" cellpadding="5px">
<tr style="background-color:gold">
<th>Emp ID</th>
<th>Emp Name</th>
<th>Salary</th>
</tr>
</table>
<script>
function fun1()
{
var s = "<tr><td>" + $("#textbox1").val() + "</td><td>" +
$("#textbox2").val() + "</td><td>" + $("#textbox3").val() + "</td></tr>";
$("#table1").append(s);
$("#div1 input[type=text]").val("");
$("#textbox1").focus();
};
</script>
</body>
</html>

jQuery – JavaScript Objects - Examples
jQuery – JavaScript Objects – Example 1
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Object</title>
body
{
font-size: 30px;
}
span
{
font-weight: bold;
color: green;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>
Emp ID: <span id="span1"></span><br>
Emp Name: <span id="span2"></span><br>
Salary: <span id="span3"></span><br>
</p>
<script>
var emp = { "empid": 1, "empname": "Scott", "salary": 5000 };
$("#span1").html(emp.empid);
$("#span2").html(emp.empname);
$("#span3").html(emp.salary);
</script>
</body>
</html>

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Object Array - UL</title>
body,table
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<ul id="list1">
</ul>
<script>
var employees =
[
{ "empid": 3, "empname": "John", "salary": 7000 },
{ "empid": 4, "empname": "Jones", "salary": 8000 },
{ "empid": 5, "empname": "Smith", "salary": 9000 }
];
for(i = 0; i < employees.length; i++)
{
var employee = employees[i];
var temp = "<li>" + employee.empname + "</li>";
$("#list1").append(temp);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Object Array - Table</title>
body,table
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<tr style="background-color: gold;">
<th>Emp ID</th>
<th>Emp Name</th>
<th>Salary</th>
</tr>
</table>
<script>
var employees =
[
{ "empid": 3, "empname": "John", "salary": 7000 },
];
for(i = 0; i < employees.length; i++)

{
var employee = employees[i];
var temp = "<tr><td>" + employee.empid + "</td> <td>" +
employee.empname + "</td> <td>" + employee.salary + "</td> </tr>";
$("#table1").append(temp);
}

$("#table1").on("mouseover", "tr", fun1);
$("#table1").on("mouseout", "tr", fun2);
function fun1()
{
$(this).css("background-color", "darkgray");
}
function fun2()
{
$(this).css("background-color", "white");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Object - User Data</title>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h3>Type Person Details</h3>
<div id="div1">
First Name: <input type="text" id="textbox1"><br>
Last Name: <input type="text" id="textbox2"><br>
Age: <input type="text" id="textbox3"><br>
</div>
<script>
var Persons = [ ];

function fun1()
{
var p = { "FirstName": $("#textbox1").val(), "LastName":
$("#textbox2").val(), "Age": $("#textbox3").val() };
Persons.push(p);
alert(JSON.stringify(Persons)); //convert json to string.
$("#div1 input[type=text]").val("");
$("#textbox1").focus();
};
</script>
</body>
</html>

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Complex Object Example</title>
body,input,table
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Complex json example</h1>
<script>
var Departments =
[
{ DeptNo: 10, DeptName: "Accounting", Loc: "New York",
Employees:
[
{ EmpID: 1, EmpName: "ab" },
{ EmpID: 2, EmpName: "cd" },

{ EmpID: 3, EmpName: "ef" }
]
},
{ DeptNo: 20, DeptName: "Sales", Loc: "New Delhi",

Employees:
[
{ EmpID: 4, EmpName: "gh" },
{ EmpID: 5, EmpName: "ij" }
]
},
{ DeptNo: 30, DeptName: "R&D", Loc: "New Mumbai",

Employees:
[
{ EmpID: 6, EmpName: "kl" },
{ EmpID: 7, EmpName: "mn" },
{ EmpID: 8, EmpName: "op" },
{ EmpID: 9, EmpName: "qr" }
]
}
];
var temp = "";

$(fun1);
function fun1()
{
for (i=0; i<Departments.length; i++)
{
temp += "<p>" + Departments[i].DeptNo + ", " +
Departments[i].DeptName + ", " + Departments[i].Loc + "</p>";
temp += "<table border='1' cellpadding='4px'>";
for (j=0; j<Departments[i].Employees.length; j++)
{
temp += "<tr>";
temp += "<td>" + Departments[i].Employees[j].EmpID +
"</td>";
temp += "<td>" + Departments[i].Employees[j].EmpName +
"</td>";
temp += "</tr>";
}

temp += "</table>";
}
$("#div1").html(temp);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

CDN
CDN
• CDN stands for “Content Delivery Network”.
• The big companies such as Google, Microsoft etc., maintain all versions of
jQuery files on their servers, which you can access directly from the html
page, without manually downloading the jquery file and placing it in the
current folder.
Google CDN
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.2.1/jquery.js">
</script>
Microsoft CDN
<script src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jQuery/jquery-3.2.1.js">
</script>

Photo Slideshow
Example on Photo Slideshow
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery - Photo Slide Show</title>
#photoShow
{
height: 400px;
width: 400px;
}
#photoShow div
{
position: absolute;
z-index: 0;
}
#photoShow div.previous
{
z-index: 1;
}
#photoShow div.current
{
z-index: 2;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>jQuery Photo Slide Show (2 seconds)</h1>
<div id="photoShow">
<div class="current">
<img src="Grass.jpg" alt="Grass" width="400" height="400"
class="gallery">
</div>
<div>
<img src="Leaf.jpg" alt="Leaf" width="400" height="400"
class="gallery">
</div>
<div>

<img src="Spring.jpg" alt="Spring" width="400" height="400"
class="gallery">
</div>
<div>
<img src="Water.jpg" alt="Water" width="400" height="400"
class="gallery">
</div>
</div>
<script>
setInterval(rotateImages, 2000);
function rotateImages()
{
var oCurPhoto = $('#photoShow div.current');
var oNxtPhoto = oCurPhoto.next();
if (oNxtPhoto.length == 0)
{
oNxtPhoto = $('#photoShow div:first');
}
oCurPhoto.removeClass('current').addClass('previous');
oNxtPhoto.css({ opacity: 0.0 }).addClass('current').animate({
opacity: 1.0 }, 1000, fun1);
function fun1()
{
oCurPhoto.removeClass('previous');
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Note: Place “Grass.jpg”, “Leaf.jpg”, “Spring.jpg”, “Water.jpg” in the current

folder (c:\jquery).

jQuery UI

Introduction to jQuery UI
Introduction to jQuery UI
• “jQuery UI” is a set of “plugins”, developed based on “jQuery”.
• “Plugin” is a “ready made component”.
o Ex: date picker, auto complete, progress bar.
How to download jQuery UI

• Go to “https://jqueryui.com”.
• Click on “Download”.
• Select the version. Ex: 1.12.1
• Select the necessary components (or) select all the components
(checkboxes).
• Select the theme. Ex: base
• Click on “Download” button.
• Download the file “jquery-ui-1.12.1.custom.zip”.
• Go to the downloaded folder.
• Right click on “jquery-ui-1.12.1.custom.zip” and click on “Extract All”.
• Go to the extracted folder “jquery-ui-1.12.1.custom”.
• Copy and paste the following files from “extracted folder” into “c:\wad”
folder.

Import jQuery UI:
<link href=”jquery-ui.css” rel=”stylesheet”>
<script src=”jquery-3.2.1.js”></script>
<script src=”jquery-ui.js”></script>

datepicker( )
datepicker( )
• This function is used to display a popup calendar for the textbox.
• Syntax: datepicker( )
• Example: datepicker( )
Example on datepicker( )
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery UI - DatePicker</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 25px;
}
#ui-datepicker-div
{
font-size: 70%;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
Date: <input type="text" id="txt1">
<script src="jquery-ui.js"></script>
<link href="jquery-ui.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script>
$("#txt1").datepicker();
</script>
</body>
</html>

spinner( )
spinner( )
• This function is used to display “increment” and “decrement” buttons for a
number in the textbox.
• Syntax: spinner( )
• Example: spinner( )
Example on spinner( )
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery UI - Spinner</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 20px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
Amount: <input type="text" id="txt1">
<script>
$("#txt1").spinner();
</script>
</body>
</html>

autocomplete( )
autocomplete( )
• This function is used to display suggestions while typing some text in the
textbox.
• Syntax: autocomplete( { source: arrayname } )
• Example: autocomplete( { source: myarray } )
Example on autocomplete( )
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery UI - AutoComplete</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 25px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<label for="txt1">Search: </label>
<script>
var myarray = [ "ActionScript", "AppleScript", "Asp", "BASIC", "C",
"C++", "Clojure", "COBOL", "ColdFusion", "Erlang", "Fortran", "Groovy",
"Haskell", "Java", "JavaScript", "Lisp", "Perl", "PHP", "Python", "Ruby",
"Scala", "Scheme" ];
$("#txt1").autocomplete( { source: myarray } );
</script>
</body>
</html>

tooltip( )
tooltip( )
• This function displays the tooltip attractively.
• Syntax: tooltip( )
• Example: tooltip( )
Example on tooltip( )
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery UI - Tooltip</title>
#div1
{
}
#p1
{
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1" title="this is div 1">div 1</div>
<p id="p1" title="this is para 1">para 1</p>
Name: <input type="text" id="txt1" title="Alphabets only">
<script>
$(document).tooltip();
</script>
</body>
</html>

resizable( )
resizable( )
• This function is used to make the <div> tag as resizable.
• Syntax: resizable( )
• Example: resizable( )
Example on resizable( )
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery UI - Resizable</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 25px;
}
#div1
{
width: 200px;
height: 200px;
cursor: pointer;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<script>
$("#div1").resizable();
</script>
</body>
</html>

draggable( )
draggable( )
• This function is used to make the <div> tag draggable across the page.
• Syntax: draggable( )
• Example: draggable( )
Example on draggable( )
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery UI - Draggable</title>
#div1
{
width: 200px;
height: 150px;
background-color: #ccffff;
cursor: pointer;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1">
<p>Drag me around</p>
</div>
<script>
$("#div1").draggable();
</script>
</body>
</html>

droppable( )
droppable( )
• This function is used to make an element allow other draggable elements, to
be dropped inside it.
• Syntax: droppable( { drop: functionname } )
• Example: droppable( { drop: fun1 } )
• When the user drops some element into the droppable element, it calls the
“fun1” automatically.
Example on droppable( )
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery UI - Droppable</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 25px;
}
#div1
{
width: 200px;
height: 150px;
background-color: #ccffff;
cursor: pointer;
float: left;
margin-right: 10px;
}
#div2
{
width: 400px;
height: 350px;
cursor: pointer;
float: left;
}
</style>

</head>
<body>
<script>
$("#div1").draggable();
$("#div2").droppable( { drop: fun1 } );
function fun1()
{
$(this).html("Dropped!").css("background-color", "#009999");
//this = div2
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

selectable( )
selectable( )
• This function is used to make <li> tags selectable.
• Syntax: selectable( )
• Example: selectable( )
Example on selectable( )
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery UI - Selectable</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 25px;
}
.class1 { background-color: #0099ff; }
#list1 { list-style-type: none; padding: 0; }
#list1 li { margin: 3px; }
#list1 .ui-selecting { background-color: #0099cc; }
#list1 .ui-selected { background-color: darkblue; color: white; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<ol id="list1">
<li class="class1">Item 1</li>
</ol>

<script>
$("#list1").selectable();
</script>
</body>
</html>

sortable( )
sortable( )
• This function is used to allow the user to sort (re-order) the <li> tags of <ul>
tag.
• Syntax: sortable( )
• Example: sortable( )
Example on sortable( )
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery UI - Sortable</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 25px;
}
.class1 { background-color: #0099ff; }
#list1 { list-style-type: none; padding: 0; }
#list1 li { margin: 5px; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<ul id="list1">
</ul>
<script>

$("#list1").sortable();
</script>
</body>
</html>

accordion( )
accordion( )
• This function is used to allow the user to view any one content among few.
• Syntax: accordion( )
• Example: accordion( )
Example on accordion( )
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery UI - Accordion</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 25px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1">
<h3>Section 1</h3>
<div>Mauris mauris ante, blandit et, ultrices a, suscipit eget, quam.
Integer ut neque. Vivamus nisi metus, molestie vel, gravida in,
condimentum sit amet, nunc. Nam a nibh. Donec suscipit eros. Nam mi.
Proin viverra leo ut odio. Curabitur malesuada. Vestibulum a velit eu ante
scelerisque vulputate.</div>
<h3>Section 2</h3>
<div>Sed non urna. Donec et ante. Phasellus eu ligula. Vestibulum
sit amet purus. Vivamus hendrerit, dolor at aliquet laoreet, mauris turpis
porttitor velit, faucibus interdum tellus libero ac justo. Vivamus non quam.
In suscipit faucibus urna.</div>
<h3>Section 3</h3>
<div>Nam enim risus, molestie et, porta ac, aliquam ac, risus.
Quisque lobortis. Phasellus pellentesque purus in massa. Aenean in pede.
Phasellus ac libero ac tellus pellentesque semper. Sed ac felis. Sed
commodo, magna quis lacinia ornare, quam ante aliquam nisi, eu iaculis leo
purus venenatis dui.</div>
<h3>Section 4</h3>

<div>Cras dictum. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et
netus et malesuada fames ac turpis egestas. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis
in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; Aenean lacinia
mauris vel est.</div>
</div>
<script>
$("#div1").accordion();
</script>
</body>
</html>

tabs( )
tabs( )
• This function is used to display tabs in the web page.
• Syntax: tabs( )
• Example: tabs( )
Example on tabs( )
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery UI - Tabs</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 20px;
}
.ui-tabs, .ui-tabs-anchor
{
font-size: 75%;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1">
<ul>
<li><a href="#tab1">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="#tab2">About</a></li>
<li><a href="#tab3">Contact</a></li>
</ul>
<div id="tab1">Proin elit arcu, rutrum commodo, vehicula tempus,
commodo a, risus. Curabitur nec arcu. Donec sollicitudin mi sit amet
mauris. Nam elementum quam ullamcorper ante. Etiam aliquet massa et
lorem. Mauris dapibus lacus auctor risus. Aenean tempor ullamcorper leo.
Vivamus sed magna quis ligula eleifend adipiscing. Duis orci. Aliquam
sodales tortor vitae ipsum. Aliquam nulla. Duis aliquam molestie erat. Ut et
mauris vel pede varius sollicitudin. Sed ut dolor nec orci tincidunt
interdum. Phasellus ipsum. Nunc tristique tempus lectus.</div>

<div id="tab2">Morbi tincidunt, dui sit amet facilisis feugiat, odio
metus gravida ante, ut pharetra massa metus id nunc. Duis scelerisque
molestie turpis. Sed fringilla, massa eget luctus malesuada, metus eros
molestie lectus, ut tempus eros massa ut dolor. Aenean aliquet fringilla
sem. Suspendisse sed ligula in ligula suscipit aliquam. Praesent in eros
vestibulum mi adipiscing adipiscing. Morbi facilisis. Curabitur ornare
consequat nunc. Aenean vel metus. Ut posuere viverra nulla. Aliquam erat
volutpat. Pellentesque convallis. Maecenas feugiat, tellus pellentesque
pretium posuere, felis lorem euismod felis, eu ornare leo nisi vel felis.
Mauris consectetur tortor et purus.</div>
<div id="tab3">Mauris eleifend est et turpis. Duis id erat.
Suspendisse potenti. Aliquam vulputate, pede vel vehicula accumsan, mi
neque rutrum erat, eu congue orci lorem eget lorem. Vestibulum non ante.
Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per
inceptos himenaeos. Fusce sodales. Quisque eu urna vel enim commodo
pellentesque. Praesent eu risus hendrerit ligula tempus pretium. Curabitur
lorem enim, pretium nec, feugiat nec, luctus a, lacus.</div>
</div>
<script>
$("#div1").tabs();
</script>
</body>
</html>

dialog( )
dialog( )
• This function is used to display modal dialog box (popup box) in the web page.
• Syntax: dialog( { modal: true, width: pixels, height: pixels, buttons: {
“button1”: functionname, “button2”: functionname } } )
Example on dialog( )
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery UI - Dialog</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 20px;
}
#span1
{
font-size: 30px;
}
.ui-dialog, .ui-dialog-title, .ui-button-text, .ui-dialog p
{
font-size: 70%;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="Show dialog">
<br>
<span id="span1">Output here</span>
<div id="div1" title="Title here" style="display:none">
<p>Hello, how are you!</p>
</div>

<script>
function fun1()
{
$("#div1").dialog( { modal:true, width:300, height: 200, buttons: {
"OK": fun2, "Cancel": fun3 } });
}
function fun2()
{
$("#span1").html("OK clicked");
$(this).dialog( "close" );
}
function fun3()
{
$("#span1").html("Cancel clicked");
$(this).dialog( "close" );
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

buttonset( )
buttonset( )
• It is used to display “radio buttons” as “buttons”.
• Syntax: buttonset( )
Example on buttonset( )
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery UI - ButtonSet</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 25px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1">
<input type="radio" id="radio1" name="radio">
<label for="radio1">Debit Card</label>
<label for="radio2">Credit Card</label>
<label for="radio3">Net Banking</label>
</div>
<script>
$("#div1").buttonset();
</script>
</body>
</html>

menu( )
menu( )
• This function is used to display a menu (along with sub menus) in the web
page.
• Syntax: menu( )
Example on menu( )
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery UI - Menu</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 20px;
}
.ui-menu
{
width: 300px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<ul id="list1">
<li>Home</li>
<li>About</li>
<li>Contact</li>
<li>Download</li>
<li>Express Download</li>
<li>Product Info
<ul>
<li>Order</li>
<li>Features</li>
<li>Installation</li>
<li>Supported Browsers
<ul>

<li>Safari</li>
<li>Opera</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Purchase</li>
<li>Demo / Installation</li>
</ul>
<script>
$("#list1").menu();
</script>
</body>
</html>

progressbar( )
progressbar( )
• This function is used to display progress bar within the web page.
• Syntax: progressbar( { value: n } )
• Example: progressbar( { value: 60 } )
Example on progressbar( )
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery UI - Progressbar</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 20px;
}
#div1
{
height: 20px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<script>
$("#div1").progressbar( { value: 60 } );
</script>
</body>
</html>

slider( )
slider( )
• This function is used to display a slider in the web page. Ex: price range
• Syntax: slider( { range: true, min: minimum, max: maximum, values: [
value1, value2 ], slide: functionname } );
Example on slider( )
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery UI - Slider</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>
Price range:
<span id="span1" style="color:#f6931f; font-weight:bold;"></span>
</p>
<script>
$("#div1").slider( { range: true, min: 0, max: 500, values: [ 200, 300 ],
slide: fun1 });
function fun1(event, ui)
{
$( "#span1" ).html( "Rs. " + ui.values[ 0 ] + " - Rs. " + ui.values[ 1 ] );
}
$( "#span1" ).html( "Rs. " + $( "#div1" ).slider( "values", 0 ) + " - Rs. " +
$( "#div1" ).slider( "values", 1 ) );
</script>
</body>
</html>

Color Animation
Color Animation
• “jQuery UI” supports “color animation”, which can animate (change) the color
based properties such as “background-color”, “color”, “border-color” etc.
• Syntax: animate( { “property”:”value” }, milli seconds );
Example on Color Animation

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery UI - Color Animation</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 20px;
}
#div1
{
color: cyan;
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="color animation">
<script>
function fun1()

{
$("#div1").animate( { "background-color": "green", "color":
"yellow" }, 2000 );
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Easing Effects
Easing Effects
• “Easing Effects” are used to make the animation more attractively.
• Syntax: animate( { “property”:”value” }, milli seconds, “easing effect” );
• List of easing effects: linear, swing, easeInQuad, easeOutQuad,
easeInOutQuad, easeInCubic, easeOutCubic, easeInOutCubic, easeInQuart,
easeOutQuart, easeInOutQuart, easeInQuint, easeOutQuint,
easeInOutQuint, easeInExpo, easeOutExpo, easeInOutExpo, easeInSine,
easeOutSine, easeInOutSine, easeInCirc, easeOutCirc, easeInOutCirc,
easeInElastic, easeOutElastic, easeInOutElastic, easeInBack, easeOutBack,
easeInOutBack, easeInBounce, easeOutBounce, easeInOutBounce,
Example on Easing Effects

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery UI - Easing Effects</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 20px;
}
#div1
{
color: cyan;
font-size: 30px;
position: relative;
width: 300px;
padding: 5px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="easing effect animation">

<script>
function fun1()
{
$("#div1").animate( { "font-size": "40px", "border-width": "10px",
"left": "30px", "width": "700px", "padding": "15px" }, 2000,
"easeOutQuart");
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

addClass( ) with animation
addClass( ) with animation
• addClass( ) function supports time duration (milli seconds), in jQuery UI.
• Syntax: addClass( “class name”, milli seconds );
• Syntax: addClass( “class1”, 1000 );
Example on addClass( ) with animation

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery UI - addClass</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 20px;
}
.class1
{
color: cyan;
font-size: 30px;
width: 800px;
padding: 15px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="add class">
<script>

function fun1()
{
$("#div1").addClass("class1", 1000);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

removeClass( ) with animation
removeClass( ) with animation
• removeClass( ) function supports time duration (milli seconds), in jQuery UI.
• Syntax: removeClass( “class name”, milli seconds );
• Syntax: removeClass( “class1”, 1000 );
Example on removeClass( ) with animation

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery UI - removeClass</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 20px;
}
.class1
{
color: cyan;
font-size: 30px;
width: 800px;
padding: 15px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="remove class">
<script>

function fun1()
{
$("#div1").removeClass("class1", 1000);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Effects
Effects
• jQuery UI supports the following advanced effects to hide / show the content
attractively.
• List of effects: blind | bounce | clip | drop | explode | fold | highlight | puff |
pulsate | scale | shake | size | slide
• Show: show( “effect”, { options }, milli seconds, callback );
• Hide: show( “effect”, { options }, milli seconds, callback );
• Note: The callback function will be called automatically, after completion
of animation. It is optional.
Example on Effects
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery UI - Effects</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 20px;
}
#div1
{
color: cyan;
font-size: 30px;
width: 800px;
padding: 15px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="Hide">
<input type="button" id="button2" value="Show">

<script>
function fun1()
{
$("#div1").hide("bounce", {}, 1000, callback );
}
function callback()
{
alert("Done");
}
function fun2()
{
$("#div1").show("bounce", {}, 1000, callback );
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

jQuery Validations

jQuery Validations
jQuery Validations
• “jQuery Validation Plugin” is used to create validations in jQuery.
• Download “jquery-3.2.1.js” file from “https://jquery.com” and place it in
“c:\jquery” folder.
• Download the jquery validation plugin file and place it in “c:\jquery” folder:
http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jquery.validate/1.15.0/jquery.validate.js
• Create “validation.html” file in “c:\jquery” folder.
List of files:
c:\jquery
• jquery-3.2.1.js
• jquery.validate.js
• validation.html
Code for “Validation.html”:

<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery Validation Plugin</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Registration Form</h1>
<form action="http://localhost/someaddress" method="get"
id="form1">
<table>
<tr>
<td><label for="t1">Username:</label></td>
<td><input type="text" id="t1" name="txt1"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><label for="t2">Password:</label></td>
<td><input type="password" id="t2" name="txt2"></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td><label for="t3">E-Mail:</label></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><label for="t4">Re-type E-Mail:</label></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><label for="t5">Phone:</label></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><label for="t6">Age:</label></td>
<td><input type="text" id="56" name="txt6"
maxlength="2"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><input type="submit" value="Register"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
<script src="jquery.validate.js"></script>
<script>
$("#form1").validate({
rules:
{
txt1: { required: true },
txt2: { required: true, minlength: 6 },
txt3: { required: true, regexp: /^[a-zA-Z0-9._-]+@[a-zA-Z0-
9-]+\.[a-zA-Z.]{2,5}$/i },
txt4: { required: true, equalTo: '#txt3' },

txt5: { required: true },
txt6: { required: true, range: [18,70] }
},
messages:
{
txt1: { required: "Username can't be blank" },
txt2: { required: "Password can't be blank", minlength:
"Minimum length is 6" },
txt3: { required: "Email can't be blank", regexp: "Enter a valid
E-Mail" },
txt4: { required: "Re-type email can't be blank", equalTo:
"Email and re-type email must be same" },
txt5: { required: "Phone can't be blank" },
txt6: { required: "Age can't be blank", range: "Age must be in
between 18 and 70" }
}
});
//for regular expressions

$.validator.addMethod('regexp', function(value, element, param) {
return this.optional(element) || param.test(value); // Compare
with regular expression
});
</script>
body, input, select, textarea, table { font-family: 'Tahoma'; font-
size: 28px; }
label.error { color: red; } /*style for validation error messages */
input.error { border: 1px solid #f00; background-color: #fee; } /*
style for validation error text boxes */
</style>
</body>
</html>

AJAX

Introduction to AJAX
Introduction to AJAX
• AJAX is not a language, but it is a “concept”, which is used to “send a
background request from browser to server” and also “get background
response from server to browser”, without refreshing the web page in the
browser.
• AJAX allows us to interact with the server and get some data from server,
without refreshing the full web page.
• Ex: Google search, IRCTC search trains.
Advantages of AJAX:
• Executes faster.
• Less burden on browser (client) and server.
• User experience is better.

Types of AJAX request
• In AJAX, the browser can send the following four types of requests:
1. GET : Used to retrieve / search data from server.
2. POST : Used to insert data to server.
3. PUT : Used to update data on server.
4. DELETE : Used to delete data from server.

The “XMLHttpRequest” class
The “XMLHttpRequest” class
• We can send ajax request to server and get ajax response from server by using
a pre-defined class called “XMLHttpRequest”.
• This class is supported by all the modern browsers (except IE 6, 7 and 8).
Members of XMLHttpRequest
• XMLHttpRequest class
1. “readyState” property
2. “onreadystatechange” property
3. “responseText” property
4. “open( )” method
5. “send( )” method
1. open( ) method:
o This method is used to specify the request details such as server url
(address), type of the request (GET / POST).
▪ Server url: The address (url) of server program, to which you
want to send request.
▪ Type: Represents type of the request.
Options: GET | POST | PUT | DELETE
GET : Retrieving data from server

POST : Inserting data
PUT : Updating data
DELETE : Deleting data
▪ Syntax: open(“type of request”, “url”)
▪ Example: open(“get”, “http://localhost:7070”)

2. send( ) method:
o This method sends an asynchronous request (background request) to
server.
▪ Syntax: send( )
▪ Example: send( )
3. readyState
o It represents a number, that represents current status of the request.
▪ Syntax: readyState
▪ Example: readyState
o 0 : Request not initialized.
o 1 : Request opened (open( ) method is called).
o 2 : Request sent to server (send( ) method called).
o 3 : Server started processing the request.
o 4 : Response received from server.
4. onreadystatechange:
o This property stores a callback function, which executes automatically,
when the “readyState” property gets changed.
▪ Syntax: onreadystatechange = functionname;
▪ Example: onreadystatechange = fun1;
5. responseText:
o This property stores the actual response sent from the server to the
browser.
o It represents the data in string format.
▪ Syntax: responseText
▪ Example: responseText

AJAX – NodeJS – Simple - Example
Creating the application
• Create “c:\ajax” folder.
• Create “httpserver.js” and “index.html” files in the “c:\ajax” folder.
c:\ajax
- httpserver.js
- index.html
c:\ajax\httpserver.js
function startup()
{
}

{
{
{
if (error)
{
response.end();
}
else
{

response.end();
}
}
}
{
response.write("Response from server at " + new
Date().toLocaleTimeString());
response.end();
}
}
c:\ajax\index.html
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript AJAX - Simple</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript AJAX - Simple</h1>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="GET data from server">
<script>
var xhr;
fun1);
function fun1()
{
xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.open("GET", "/getdata");
xhr.onreadystatechange = fun2;
xhr.send();
}
function fun2()

{
if (xhr.readyState == 4)
{
document.getElementById("div1").innerHTML +=
xhr.responseText + "<br>";
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Execution:
cd c:\ajax
node httpserver.js

AJAX – NodeJS – Get - Example
c:\ajax
- httpserver.js
- index.html
function startup()
{
}

{
{
{
if (error)
{
response.end();
}
else
{

response.end();
}
}
}
else if (request.url.startsWith("/getemployees"))
{
response.setHeader("content-type", "application/json");
response.write(`[
{ "empid": 4, "empname": "James", "salary": 8400 },
]`);
response.end();
}
}
c:\ajax\index.html
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript AJAX - Get</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript AJAX - Get</h1>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="Get data from server">
</table>
<script>
var xhr;
fun1);
function fun1()
{

xhr.open("GET", "/getemployees");
xhr.send();
}
function fun2()
{
{
var emps = JSON.parse(xhr.responseText);
document.getElementById("table1").innerHTML = "<tr>
<th>Emp ID</th> <th>Emp Name</th> <th>Salary</th> </tr>";
for (var i = 0; i < emps.length; i++)
{
document.getElementById("table1").innerHTML += "<tr>
<td>" + emps[i].empid + "</td> <td>" + emps[i].empname + "</td> <td>" +
emps[i].salary + "</td> </tr>";
}
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Execution:
cd c:\ajax
node httpserver.js

AJAX – NodeJS – Search - Example
c:\ajax
- httpserver.js
- index.html
var querystring = require("querystring");
function startup()
{
}

{
{
{
if (error)
{
response.end();
}
else
{

response.end();
}
}
}
else if (request.url.startsWith("/searchemployees"))
{
var employees = [
];
var q = querystring.parse((request.url.split('?')[1]));
var employees2 = [];
{
if (employees[i].empname.indexOf(q.searchstr) >= 0)
{
employees2.push(employees[i]);
}
}
response.write(JSON.stringify(employees2));
response.end();
}
}
c:\ajax\index.html
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript AJAX - Search</title>
</head>
<body>

<h1>JavaScript AJAX - Search</h1>
<input type="text" placeholder="Search" id="txt1">
<input type="button" id="button1" value="Search">
</table>
<script>
var xhr;
fun1);
function fun1()
{
var s = document.getElementById("txt1").value;
xhr.open("GET", "/searchemployees?searchstr=" + s);
xhr.send();
}
function fun2()
{
{
var emps = JSON.parse(xhr.responseText);
document.getElementById("table1").innerHTML = "<tr>
<th>Emp ID</th> <th>Emp Name</th> <th>Salary</th> </tr>";
for (var i = 0; i < emps.length; i++)
{
document.getElementById("table1").innerHTML += "<tr>
<td>" + emps[i].empid + "</td> <td>" + emps[i].empname + "</td> <td>" +
emps[i].salary + "</td> </tr>";
}
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Execution:
cd c:\ajax
node httpserver.js

AJAX – NodeJS – Post - Example
c:\ajax
- httpserver.js
- index.html
function startup()
{
}

{
{
{
if (error)
{
response.end();
}
else
{

response.end();
}
}
}
else if (request.url.startsWith("/insertemployee"))
{
response.write("Successfully Inserted");
response.end();
}
}
c:\ajax\index.html
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript AJAX - POST</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript AJAX - POST</h1>
<form>
Emp ID: <input type="text" id="txt1"><br>
Emp Name: <input type="text" id="txt2"><br>
Salary: <input type="text" id="txt3"><br>
<input type="submit" value="Insert" id="button1">
</form>
<script>
var xhr;
fun1);
{
var a = document.getElementById("txt1").value;
var b = document.getElementById("txt2").value;

var c = document.getElementById("txt3").value;
var emp = { "empid": a, "empname": b, "salary": c };
var s = JSON.stringify(emp);

xhr.open("POST", "/insertemployee");
xhr.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");
xhr.send(s);
}
function fun2()
{
{
xhr.responseText;
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Execution:
cd c:\ajax
node httpserver.js

AJAX – NodeJS – Post - Example
c:\ajax
- httpserver.js
- index.html
function startup()
{
}

{
{
{
if (error)
{
response.end();
}
else
{

response.end();
}
}
}
{
response.end();
}
}
c:\ajax\index.html
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript AJAX - POST</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript AJAX - POST</h1>
<form>
<input type="submit" value="Insert" id="button1">
</form>
<script>
var xhr;
fun1);
{


xhr.open("POST", "/insertemployee");
xhr.send(s);
}
function fun2()
{
{
xhr.responseText;
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Execution:
cd c:\ajax
node httpserver.js

AJAX – NodeJS – Put - Example
c:\ajax
- httpserver.js
- index.html
function startup()
{
}

{
{
{
if (error)
{
response.end();
}
else
{

response.end();
}
}
}
else if (request.url.startsWith("/updateemployee"))
{
response.write("Successfully Updated");
response.end();
}
}
c:\ajax\index.html
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript AJAX - PUT</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript AJAX - PUT</h1>
<form>
Existing Emp ID: <input type="text" id="txt1"><br>
<input type="submit" value="Update" id="button1">
</form>
<script>
var xhr;
fun1);
{


xhr.open("PUT", "/updateemployee");
xhr.send(s);
}
function fun2()
{
{
xhr.responseText;
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Execution:
cd c:\ajax
node httpserver.js

AJAX – NodeJS – Delete - Example
c:\ajax
- httpserver.js
- index.html
function startup()
{
}

{
{
{
if (error)
{
response.end();
}
else
{

response.end();
}
}
}
else if (request.url.startsWith("/deleteemployee"))
{
response.write("Successfully Deleted");
response.end();
}
}
c:\ajax\index.html
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript AJAX - DELETE</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript AJAX - DELETE</h1>
<form>
<input type="submit" value="Delete" id="button1">
</form>
<script>
var xhr;
fun1);
{

xhr.open("DELETE", "/deleteemployee?empid=" + a);
xhr.send();
}
function fun2()
{
{
xhr.responseText;
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Execution:
cd c:\ajax
node httpserver.js

AJAX – .NET – Simple - Example
• Open Visual Studio 2017.
• Click on “File” menu – “New” – “Project”.
• Select “.NET Framework 4.6”.
• Select “Visual C#”.
• Select “ASP.NET Web Application (.NET Framework)”.
• Name: AjaxSimple
• Location: c:\ajax
• Solution name: AjaxSimple
• Click on OK.
• Click on “Empty”.
• Check the check boxes “MVC” and “Web API”.
• Click on OK.
• Open Solution Explorer.
• Right click on the “Controllers” folder and click on “Add” – “Controller”. Select
“MVC 5 Controller – Empty”. Click on “Add”. Enter the controller name as
“HomeController”. Click on “Add”.
• Right click on “Views\Home” folder and click on “Add” – “View”. Enter the
view name as “Index”. Select the template as “Empty (without model)”.
Uncheck the checkbox “Use a layout page”. Click on “Add”.
AjaxSimple
- Controllers
o HomeController.cs
- Views
o Home
▪ Index.cshtml

Controllers\HomeController.cs
using System;
using System.Web.Mvc;
namespace AjaxSimple.Controllers
{
public class HomeController : Controller
{
public ActionResult Index()
{
return View();
}
public ActionResult GetData()
{
return Content("Hello from Server at " + DateTime.Now);
}
}
}
Views\Home\Index.cshtml
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript AJAX - Simple</title>
<style>
body, input
{
font-size: 24px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript AJAX - Simple</h1>
<input type="submit" id="button1" value="Get data from server">
<script>
var xhr;

document.getElementById("button1").addEventListener("click", fun1);
{
xhr.open("GET", "/Home/GetData");
xhr.send();
}
function fun2()
{
{
document.getElementById("div1").innerHTML = xhr.responseText;
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Execution:
• Go to “Debug” menu – “Start Debugging” in Visual Studio.

AJAX – .NET – Get - Example
• Name: AjaxGet
• Solution name: AjaxGet
• Click on OK.
• Click on OK.
• Right click on “Models” and click on “Add” – “New Item”. Click on “Visual C#”
– “Class”. Enter the name as “Employee.cs”. Click on “Add”.
AjaxGet
- Models
o Employee.cs
- Controllers
o HomeController.cs
- Views
o Home
▪ Index.cshtml

Models\Employee.cs
using System;
namespace AjaxGet.Models
{
public class Employee
{
public int empid { get; set; }
public string empname { get; set; }
public double salary { get; set; }
}
}
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using AjaxGet.Models;
namespace AjaxGet.Controllers
{
{
{
return View();
}
{
List<Employee> emps = new List<Employee>()
{
new Employee() { empid = 1, empname = "Scott", salary = 4000 },
new Employee() { empid = 2, empname = "Allen", salary = 7500 },
new Employee() { empid = 3, empname = "Jones", salary = 9200 },
new Employee() { empid = 4, empname = "James", salary = 8400 },
new Employee() { empid = 5, empname = "Smith", salary = 5600 }
};
return Json(emps, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);

}
}
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript AJAX - Get</title>
<style>
body, input, table
{
font-size: 24px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript AJAX - Get</h1>
<form>
<input type="submit" id="btn1" value="Get Data from Database">
<table id="table1" border="1"></table>
</form>
<script>
var xhr;
{
xhr.open("GET", "/home/getdata");
xhr.send();
}
function fun2()
{
{

var data = JSON.parse(xhr.responseText);
document.getElementById("table1").innerHTML = "<tr> <th>Emp
ID</th> <th>Emp Name</th> <th>Salary</th> </tr>";
for (var i = 0; i < data.length; i++)
{
document.getElementById("table1").innerHTML += "<tr> <td>" +
data[i].empid + "</td> <td>" + data[i].empname + "</td> <td>" + data[i].salary
+ "</td> </tr>";
}
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Execution:

AJAX – .NET – Search - Example
• Name: AjaxSearch
• Solution name: AjaxSearch
• Click on OK.
• Click on OK.
AjaxSearch
- Models
o Employee.cs
- Controllers
o HomeController.cs
- Views
o Home
▪ Index.cshtml

Models\Employee.cs
using System;
namespace AjaxSearch.Models
{
{
}
}
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using AjaxSearch.Models;
namespace AjaxSearch.Controllers
{
{
// GET: Home/Index
{
return View();
}
// GET: Home/searchemployees
public ActionResult searchemployees(string searchstr)
{
{

};
List<Employee> emps2 = new List<Employee>();

for (int i = 0; i < emps.Count; i++)
{
if (emps[i].empname.Contains(searchstr))
{
emps2.Add(emps[i]);
}
}
return Json(emps2, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);
}
}
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript AJAX - Search</title>
<style>
body, input, table
{
font-size: 24px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript AJAX - Search</h1>
<form>
Search employees: <input type="text" id="txt1">
<input type="submit" id="btn1" value="Search">
<table id="table1" border="1"></table>
</form>
<script>
var xhr;

{
xhr.open("GET", "/home/searchemployees?searchstr=" +
document.getElementById("txt1").value);
xhr.send();
}
function fun2()
{
{
var data = JSON.parse(xhr.responseText);
document.getElementById("table1").innerHTML = "<tr> <th>Emp
ID</th> <th>Emp Name</th> <th>Salary</th> </tr>";
for (var i = 0; i < data.length; i++)
{
document.getElementById("table1").innerHTML += "<tr> <td>" +
data[i].empid + "</td> <td>" + data[i].empname + "</td> <td>" + data[i].salary
+ "</td> </tr>";
}
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Execution:

AJAX – .NET – Post - Example
• Name: AjaxPost
• Solution name: AjaxPost
• Click on OK.
• Click on OK.
AjaxPost
- Models
o Employee.cs
- Controllers
o HomeController.cs
- Views
o Home
▪ Index.cshtml

Models\Employee.cs
using System;
namespace AjaxPost.Models
{
{
}
}
using System;
using System.Linq;
using AjaxPost.Models;
namespace AjaxPost.Controllers
{
{
// GET: Home/Index
{
return View();
}
// GET: Home/InsertEmployee
public ActionResult InsertEmployee(Employee emp)
{
return Content("Successfuly Inserted");
}
}
}

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript AJAX - Post</title>
<style>
body, input, table
{
font-size: 24px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript AJAX - Post</h1>
<form>
<input type="submit" id="btn1" value="Insert">
</form>
<script>
var xhr;
{
xhr.open("POST", "/home/insertemployee");
var data = { "EmpID": document.getElementById("txt1").value,
"EmpName": document.getElementById("txt2").value, "Salary":
document.getElementById("txt3").value };
xhr.send(JSON.stringify(data));
}
function fun2()
{

{
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Execution:

AJAX – .NET – Put - Example
• Name: AjaxPut
• Solution name: AjaxPut
• Click on OK.
• Click on OK.
AjaxPut
- Models
o Employee.cs
- Controllers
o HomeController.cs
- Views
o Home
▪ Index.cshtml

Models\Employee.cs
using System;
namespace AjaxPut.Models
{
{
}
}
using System;
using System.Linq;
using AjaxPut.Models;
namespace AjaxPut.Controllers
{
{
// GET: Home/Index
{
return View();
}
// GET: Home/UpdateEmployee
public ActionResult UpdateEmployee(Employee emp)
{
return Content("Successfuly Updated");
}
}
}

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript AJAX - Put</title>
<style>
body, input, table
{
font-size: 24px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript AJAX - Put</h1>
<form>
<input type="submit" id="btn1" value="Update">
</form>
<script>
var xhr;
{
xhr.open("PUT", "/home/updateemployee");
var data = { "EmpID": document.getElementById("txt1").value,
"EmpName": document.getElementById("txt2").value, "Salary":
document.getElementById("txt3").value };
xhr.send(JSON.stringify(data));
}
function fun2()
{

{
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Execution:

AJAX – .NET – Delete - Example
• Name: AjaxDelete
• Solution name: AjaxDelete
• Click on OK.
• Click on OK.
AjaxDelete
- Controllers
o HomeController.cs
- Views
o Home
▪ Index.cshtml

using System;
using System.Linq;
namespace AjaxDelete.Controllers
{
{
// GET: Home/Index
{
return View();
}
// GET: Home/DeleteEmployee
public ActionResult DeleteEmployee(int empid)
{
return Content("Successfuly Deleted");
}
}
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript AJAX - Delete</title>
<style>
body, input, table
{
font-size: 24px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>JavaScript AJAX - Delete</h1>

<form>
<input type="submit" id="btn1" value="Delete">
</form>
<script>
var xhr;
{
xhr.open("DELETE", "/home/deleteemployee?empid=" +
document.getElementById("txt1").value);
xhr.send();
}
function fun2()
{
{
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Execution:

jQuery AJAX
jQuery AJAX
• “jQuery” provides a method called “$.ajax( )”, to send ajax request to server
and get ajax response from server, more easily.
Syntax of $.ajax( )
$.ajax( { type: “GET | POST | PUT | DELETE”, url: “address”, success:
callbackfunction, error: callbackfunction } );
url: Represents the server address, to which you want to send request.
type: Represents type of the request: GET POST | PUT | DELETE
success: Represents the callback function, which will be called automatically

after successfully receiving the response from server.
error: Represents the callback function, which will be called automatically if

the server returns an error (exception) as response to the browser.

jQuery AJAX – NodeJS – Simple - Example
• Place “jquery-3.2.1.js” file in “c:\ajax” folder.
c:\ajax
- httpserver.js
- index.html
- jquery-3.2.1.js
function startup()
{
}

{
{
{
if (error)
{
response.end();
}
else

{
response.end();
}
}
}
else if (request.url == "/jquery-3.2.1.js")
{
fs.readFile("jquery-3.2.1.js", "utf8", fun1);
{
if (error)
{
response.end();
}
else
{
response.setHeader("content-type", "text/javascript");
response.end();
}
}
}
{
response.end();
}
}

c:\ajax\index.html
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery AJAX - Simple</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>jQuery AJAX - Simple</h1>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="GET data from server">
<script>
function fun1()
{
$.ajax( { url:"GET", url:"/getdata", success: fun2 } );
}
function fun2(response)
{
$("#div1").html(response);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Execution:
• Download and install “nodejs” from “https://nodejs.org”.
cd c:\ajax
node httpserver.js

jQuery AJAX – NodeJS – Get - Example
c:\ajax
- httpserver.js
- index.html
- jquery-3.2.1.js
function startup()
{
}

{
{
{
if (error)
{
response.end();
}
else

{
response.end();
}
}
}
{
{
if (error)
{
response.end();
}
else
{
response.end();
}
}
}
{
response.write(`[
]`);
response.end();

}
}
c:\ajax\index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>NodeJS - jQuery AJAX - GET</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>NodeJS - jQuery AJAX - GET</h1>
<form>
<input type="button" id="btn1" value="Get Data">
</table>
</form>
<script src="/jquery-3.2.1.js"></script>
<script>
$("#btn1").click(fun1);
{
$.ajax({ type: "GET", url: "/getemployees", success: fun2, error: fun3 });
}
{
$("#table1 tr:gt(0)").remove();
for (var i = 0; i < response.length; i++)
{
$("#table1").append("<tr> <td>" + response[i].empid + "</td> <td>" +
response[i].empname + "</td> <td>" + response[i].salary + "</td> </tr>");
}
}
function fun3(error)

{
alert(error);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Execution:
cd c:\ajax
node httpserver.js

jQuery AJAX – NodeJS – Search - Example
c:\ajax
- httpserver.js
- index.html
- jquery-3.2.1.js
function startup()
{
}

{
{
{
if (error)
{
response.end();
}

else
{
response.end();
}
}
}
{
{
if (error)
{
response.end();
}
else
{
response.end();
}
}
}
{
var employees = [
];

{
{
}
}
response.end();
}
}
c:\ajax\index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>NodeJS - jQuery AJAX - Search</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>NodeJS - jQuery AJAX - Search</h1>
<form>
<input type="submit" id="button1" value="Search">
</table>
</form>
<script src="/jquery-3.2.1.js"></script>
<script>
{
$.ajax({ type: "GET", url: "/searchemployees?searchstr=" +
$("#txt1").val(), success: fun2, error: fun3 });

}
{
{
}
}
function fun3(error)
{
alert(error);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Execution:
cd c:\ajax
node httpserver.js

jQuery AJAX – NodeJS – Post - Example
c:\ajax
- httpserver.js
- index.html
- jquery-3.2.1.js
function startup()
{
}

{
{
{
if (error)
{
response.end();
}

else
{
response.end();
}
}
}
{
{
if (error)
{
response.end();
}
else
{
response.end();
}
}
}
{
response.end();
}
}

c:\ajax\index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>NodeJS - jQuery AJAX - Post</title>
<style>
body, input
{
font-size: 24px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>NodeJS - jQuery AJAX - Post</h1>
<form>
<input type="submit" id="btn1" value="Insert">
</form>
<script>
{
var mydata = { "empid": $("#txt1").val(), "empname": $("#txt2").val(),
"salary": $("#txt3").val() };
$.ajax({ type: "POST", url: "/insertemployee", success: fun2, data:
mydata });
}
{
}
</script>

</body>
</html>
Execution:
cd c:\ajax
node httpserver.js

jQuery AJAX – NodeJS – Put - Example
c:\ajax
- httpserver.js
- index.html
- jquery-3.2.1.js
function startup()
{
}

{
{
{
if (error)
{
response.end();
}

else
{
response.end();
}
}
}
{
{
if (error)
{
response.end();
}
else
{
response.end();
}
}
}
{
response.end();
}
}

c:\ajax\index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>NodeJS - jQuery AJAX - Put</title>
<style>
body, input
{
font-size: 24px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>NodeJS - jQuery AJAX - Put</h1>
<form>
<input type="submit" id="btn1" value="Update">
</form>
<script>
{
$.ajax({ type: "PUT", url: "/updateemployee", data: mydata, success:
fun2 });
}
{
}
</script>

</body>
</html>
Execution:
cd c:\ajax
node httpserver.js

jQuery AJAX – NodeJS – Delete - Example
c:\ajax
- httpserver.js
- index.html
- jquery-3.2.1.js
function startup()
{
}

{
{
{
if (error)
{
response.end();
}

else
{
response.end();
}
}
}
{
{
if (error)
{
response.end();
}
else
{
response.end();
}
}
}
{
response.end();
}
}

c:\ajax\index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>NodeJS - jQuery AJAX - Delete</title>
<style>
body, input
{
font-size: 24px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>NodeJS - jQuery AJAX -Delete</h1>
<form>
<input type="submit" id="btn1" value="Delete">
</form>
<script>
{
$.ajax({ type: "DELETE", url: "/deleteemployee?empid=" +
$("#txt1").val(), success: fun2 });
}
{
}
</script>
</body>
</html>

Execution:
cd c:\ajax
node httpserver.js

jQuery AJAX – .NET – Simple - Example
• Select “.NET Framework 4.6”. Select “Visual C#”.
• Click on OK.
• Click on “Empty”. Check the check boxes “MVC” and “Web API”.
• Click on OK.
• Place “jquery-3.2.1.js” file in the project.
AjaxSimple
- jquery-3.2.1.js
- Controllers
o HomeController.cs
- Views
o Home
▪ Index.cshtml

using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
{
{
{
return View();
}
{
}
}
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery AJAX - Simple</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 24px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>jQuery AJAX - Simple</h1>
<input type="button" id="btn1" value="Get data from server">

<script src="~/jquery-3.2.1.js"></script>
<script>
{
$.ajax({ type: "GET", url: "/home/getdata", success: fun2 });
}
{
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Execution:

jQuery AJAX – .NET – Get - Example
• Name: AjaxGet
• Click on OK.
• Click on OK.

AjaxGet
- jquery-3.2.1.js
- Models
o Employee.cs
- Controllers
o HomeController.cs
- Views
o Home
▪ Index.cshtml
Models\Employee.cs
using System;
{
{
}
}
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
{
{
{

return View();
}
{
{
};
}
}
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery AJAX - Get</title>
<style>
body, input, table
{
font-size: 24px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>jQuery AJAX - Get</h1>
<form>
<input type="submit" id="button1" value="Get Data from Database">
</table>
</form>

<script>
{
}
{
{
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Execution:

jQuery AJAX – .NET – Search - Example
• Click on OK.
• Click on OK.

AjaxSearch
- jquery-3.2.1.js
- Models
o Employee.cs
- Controllers
o HomeController.cs
- Views
o Home
▪ Index.cshtml
Models\Employee.cs
using System;
{
{
}
}
using System;
using System.Linq;
{
{
// GET: Home/Index
{
return View();

}
{
{
};

{
{
emps2.Add(emps[i]);
}
}
}
}
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery AJAX - Search</title>
<style>
body, input, table
{
font-size: 24px;
}
</style>

</head>
<body>
<h1>jQuery AJAX - Search</h1>
<form>
<input type="submit" id="btn1" value="Search">
</table>
</form>
<script>
{
$.ajax({ type: "GET", url: "/home/searchemployees?searchstr=" +
}
{
{
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Execution:

jQuery AJAX – .NET – Post - Example
• Name: AjaxPost
• Click on OK.
• Click on OK.

AjaxPost
- jquery-3.2.1.js
- Models
o Employee.cs
- Controllers
o HomeController.cs
- Views
o Home
▪ Index.cshtml
Models\Employee.cs
using System;
{
{
}
}
using System;
using System.Linq;
{
{
// GET: Home/Index
{

return View();
}
{
}
}
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery AJAX - Post</title>
<style >
body, input
{
font-size: 24px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>jQuery AJAX - Post</h1>
<form>
<input type="submit" id="button1" value="Insert">
</form>
<script>

{
$.ajax({ type: "POST", url: "/home/insertemployee", success: fun2,
data: mydata });
}
{
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Execution:

jQuery AJAX – .NET – Put - Example
• Name: AjaxPut
• Click on OK.
• Click on OK.

AjaxPut
- jquery-3.2.1.js
- Models
o Employee.cs
- Controllers
o HomeController.cs
- Views
o Home
▪ Index.cshtml
Models\Employee.cs
using System;
{
{
}
}
using System;
using System.Linq;
{
{
// GET: Home/Index
{

return View();
}
{
}
}
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery AJAX - Put</title>
<style>
body, input
{
font-size: 24px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>jQuery AJAX - Put</h1>
<form>
<input type="submit" id="button1" value="Update">
</form>
<script>
{

$.ajax({ type: "PUT", url: "/home/updateemployee", data: mydata,
success: fun2 });
}
{
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Execution:

jQuery AJAX – .NET – Delete - Example
• Click on OK.
• Click on OK.
AjaxDelete
- jquery-3.2.1.js
- Controllers
o HomeController.cs
- Views
o Home
▪ Index.cshtml

using System;
using System.Linq;
{
{
// GET: Home/Index
{
return View();
}
{
}
}
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery AJAX - Delete</title>
body, input
{
font-size: 24px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>jQuery AJAX - Delete</h1>

<form>
<input type="button" id="button1" value="Delete">
</form>
<script>
function fun1()
{
$.ajax({ type: "DELETE", url: "/home/deleteemployee?empid=" +
}
{
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Execution:

jQuery AJAX – .NET – Grid - Example
• Name: AjaxGrid
• Solution name: AjaxGrid
• Click on OK.
• Click on OK.

AjaxGrid
- jquery-3.2.1.js
- Models
o Employee.cs
- Controllers
o HomeController.cs
- Views
o Home
▪ Index.cshtml
Models\Employee.cs
using System;
namespace AjaxGrid.Models
{
{
}
}
using System;
using System.Linq;
using AjaxGrid.Models;
namespace AjaxGrid.Controllers
{
{

{
return View();
}
{
{
};
}

{
return Content("Successfully Inserted");
}

{
return Content("Successfully Updated");
}

{
return Content("Successfully Deleted");
}
}
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>jQuery AJAX - Grid</title>
<style>
body, input, table

{
font-size: 24px;
}
#table1 td
{
padding: 5px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>jQuery AJAX - Grid</h1>
<form>
<tr> <th>Emp ID</th> <th>Emp Name</th> <th>Salary</th>
<th></th></tr>
</table>
</form>
<script>
//get
fun1();
function fun1()
{
}
{
{
response[i].empname + "</td> <td>" + response[i].salary + "</td> <td><input
type='button' value='Edit' class='class1'> <input type='button'
value='Delete' class='class2'></td> </tr>");
}
$("#table1").append("<tr> <td><input type='text' class='class3'
placeholder='Emp ID'></td> <td><input type='text' class='class3'
placeholder='Emp Name'></td> <td><input type='text' class='class3'

placeholder='Salary'></td> <td><input type='button' value='Insert'
class='class4'></td> </tr>");
}
//post
$(document).on("click", ".class4", fun3);
function fun3()
{
var d = { "empid": $(".class3:eq(0)").val(), "empname":
$(".class3:eq(1)").val(), "salary": $(".class3:eq(2)").val() };
$.ajax({ type: "POST", url: "/home/insertemployee", data: d, success:
fun4 });
}
{
$("#table1 tr:last").before("<tr> <td>" + $(".class3:eq(0)").val() + "</td>
<td>" + $(".class3:eq(1)").val() + "</td> <td>" + $(".class3:eq(2)").val() + "</td>
<td><input type='button' value='Edit' class='class1'> <input type='button'
value='Delete' class='class2'></td> </tr>");
$(".class3").val("");
}
//put
var currentrow = null;
function fun5()
{
currentrow = $(this).parent().parent();
currentrow.html("<td><input type='text' class='class5'
placeholder='Emp ID' value='" + currentrow.find("td:eq(0)").text() + "'></td>
<td><input type='text' class='class5' placeholder='Emp Name' value='" +
currentrow.find("td:eq(1)").text() + "'></td> <td><input type='text'
class='class5' placeholder='Salary' value='" +
currentrow.find("td:eq(2)").text() + "'></td> <td><input type='button'
value='Update' class='class6'></td>");
currentrow.find(".class5:eq(0)").focus();
}
function fun6()
{
var d = { "empid": $(".class5:eq(0)").val(), "empname":
$(".class5:eq(1)").val(), "salary": $(".class5:eq(2)").val() };

$.ajax({ type: "PUT", url: "/home/updateemployee", data: d, success:
fun7 });
}
{
currentrow.html("<td>" + $(".class5:eq(0)").val() + "</td> <td>" +
$(".class5:eq(1)").val() + "</td> <td>" + $(".class5:eq(2)").val() + "</td>
<td><input type='button' value='Edit' class='class1'> <input type='button'
value='Delete' class='class2'></td>");
}
//delete
var currentrow2 = null;
function fun8()
{
currentrow2 = $(this).parent().parent();
var empid = currentrow2.find("td:eq(0)").text();
var empname = currentrow2.find("td:eq(1)").text();
if (confirm("Are you sure to delete " + empname + "?"))
{
$.ajax({ type: "DELETE", url: "/home/deleteemployee?empid=" +
empid, success: fun9 });
}
}
{
currentrow2.remove();
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Execution:

AngularJS

Introduction to AngularJS
Introduction to AngularJS
• “AngularJS” is a “JavaScript Framework”, which is used to create “data
bindings” in web pages.
• “Data binding” is the relationship between “UI” and “Object”. When the data
is modified in the object, it will be automatically updated in “UI” and vice
versa.
• AngularJS was developed by Google in 2010.

• AngularJS supports “clean separation between html code and javascript
code”. So that the html code and javascript code can be developed
individually by two different programmers / teams.
• AngularJS is open source.
• AngularJS is free-to-use.
AngularJS – Browser Compatibility

Browser AngularJS Version
• IE 8 and earlier : AngularJS 1.2 or older
• IE 9+ : AngularJS 1.3+
• Opera 15+ : Any
• Google Chrome (any version) : Any
• Mozilla Firefox (any version) : Any
• Safari (any version) : Any
• Microsoft Edge (any version) : Any

Downloading AngularJS
Downloading AngularJS
• Open any browser.
• Go to “https://angular.org”.
• Click on “Download AngularJS”.
• Click on “1.6.x (latest)” – “Zip”.
• Click on “Download”.
• Download the “angular-1.6.4.zip” file.
• Right click on the “angular-1.6.4.zip” file and click on “Extract All”.
• You will get extracted folder called “angular-1.6.4”.

AngularJS Library Files
AngularJS Library Files
1. angular.js
2. angular.min.js
3. angular-animate.js
4. angular-animate.min.js
5. angular-route.js
6. angular-route.min.js
7. angular-mocks.js
1. angular.js
o This file contains core (primary) functionality angularjs framework.
o All other library files works based on this file only.
o Size: 1.19+ MB
2. angular.min.js
o This file contains minified (compressed) code of “angular.js” file.
o Minified / compressed: No comments, no line breaks, no spaces, no
long variable names.
o Size: 163 KB
o Recommended in “production” (to upload to server).
3. angular-animate.js
o This file contains essential code for creating “animations” in angularjs.
o Animations are used to show / hide the elements attractively.
o Size: 147+ KB
4. angular-animate.min.js
o This file contains minified (compressed) code of “angular-animate.js”.
o Size: 25+ KB
5. angular-route.js
o This file contains essential code for creating “routing” (page
navigation) in angularjs.
o Size: 43+ KB

6. angular-route.min.js
o This file contains minified (compressed) code of “angular-route.js”.
o Size: 5+ KB
7. angular-mocks.js
o This file contains code for performing unit testing of angularjs
controllers.
o Size: 120 KB

AngularJS – First Example
AngularJS – First Example
• Create “c:\angularjs” folder.
• Copy and paste the “angular.js” file from the “extracted folder (angular-
1.6.4)” into the “application folder (c:\angularjs)”.
• Create “first.html” in “c:\angularjs” folder.
• You will have two files in “c:\angularjs” folder.
c:\angularjs
- angular.js
- first.html
c:\angularjs\first.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>AngularJS - First Example</title>
<script src="angular.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div ng-app>
{{10+20}}
</div>
</body>
</html>
• Go to “c:\angularjs” folder and double click on “first.html”.

• Output:
30

ng-app
ng-app
• The “ng-app” attribute is used to create “angularjs application”, in which you
can use any angularjs concepts such as expressions, filters etc.
• Syntax:
<div ng-app>
…
</div>

Expressions
Expressions
• Expressions are used to display the value of a property in the angularjs
application.
• Syntax: {{property}}
• Example: {{x}}

Directives
Directives
• “AngularJS directives” are the “attributes”, which are provided by AngularJS.
• AngularJS directives specify additional behavior of the html tag.
• All the angularjs directives start with “ng-“.
• Syntax: <tag directive=”value”>
</tag>
List of AngularJS Directives

• ng-app
• ng-init
• ng-bind
• ng-model
• ng-show
• ng-hide
• ng-disabled
• ng-if
• ng-src
• ng-class
• ng-click
• ng-dblclick
• ng-focus
• ng-blur
• ng-keyup
• ng-keypress
• ng-mouseover
• ng-mouseout
• ng-mousemove
• ng-change
• ng-repeat
• ng-view

ng-init
ng-init
• The “ng-init” directive is used to initialize properties in angularjs.
• Syntax:
<div ng-app ng-init=”property=value; property=value; …”>
</div>
Example on ng-init:
<html>
<head>
<title>ng-init</title>
</head>
<body>
<div ng-app ng-init="empid=101; empname='Scott'; salary=7000">
EmpID: {{empid}}<br>
EmpName: {{empname}}<br>
Salary: {{salary}}
</div>
</body>
</html>
Example 2 on ng-init:
<html>
<head>
<title>JSON</title>
</head>
<body>
<div ng-app ng-init="emp = { empid:101, empname:'Scott', salary:7000
}; stu = { rollno:123, studentname: 'Allen', marks: 80 }">
EmpID: {{emp.empid}}<br>
EmpName: {{emp.empname}}<br>
Salary: {{emp.salary}}<hr>

Student RollNo: {{stu.rollno}}<br>
Student Name: {{stu.studentname}}<br>
Marks: {{stu.marks}}
</div>
</body>
</html>

ng-bind
ng-bind
• The “ng-bind” directive is used to display the value of a property.
• It replaces the inner html of the tag with the value of the property.
• Advantage: The property name is not visible to the user, while loading the
web page.
• Disadvantages:
o The property can’t be mixed with other content.
o “ng-bind” can’t be used in another attribute.
• Syntax: <tag ng-bind=”property”></tag>
• Example: <p ng-bind=”empname”></p>
Example on ng-bind:
<html>
<head>
<title>ng-bind</title>
</head>
<body>
<div ng-app ng-init="x='John' ">
Student Name:
<p ng-bind="x"></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Data Bindings
Data Bindings
• “Data Binding” is the relationship between “property” of the model and “html
tag” in the view.
Types of Data Bindings:

• AngularJS supports three data bindings:
1. One Way Data Binding
2. Two Way Data Binding
3. Event Binding
1. One Way Data Binding:

• Every time when the model property value is changed, the same value will be
automatically updated in the view.
• Syntax: {{property}}

2. Two Way Data Binding:
automatically updated in the view; and vice versa.
• Syntax: <tag ng-model=”property”>
</tag>
• The “ng-model” attribute is applicable only for <input> tag and <select> tag
only.
• After creating two-way data binding, we have to set / get the value only
through the model property, instead of accessing the tag directly.

ng-model
ng-model
• The “ng-model” directive (attribute) is used to create “two way data binding”.
automatically updated in the view; and vice versa.
• It is applicable only for <input> and <select> tag.
• Syntax: <tag ng-model=”property”></tag>
• Example: <input ng-model=”empname”>
Example on ng-model:
<html>
<head>
<title>ng-model</title>
</head>
<body>
<div ng-app ng-init="x='John' ">
Student Name:
<p ng-bind="x"></p>
Student Name:
<input type="text" ng-model="x">
</div>
</body>
</html>

ng-show
ng-show
• The “ng-show” directive shows / hides the element in the web page.
• ng-show=”true” : Displays the element.
• ng-show=”false” : Hides the element.
• Syntax: <tag ng-show=”property”></tag>
• Example: <p ng-show=”true”>Welcome</p>
Example on ng-show:
<html>
<head>
<title>ng-show</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>ng-show</h1>
<div ng-app ng-init="x = true; y = false">
<div ng-show="x">div 1</div>
<div ng-show="y">div 2</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

ng-hide
ng-hide
• The “ng-hide” directive hides / shows the element in the web page.
• ng-hide=”true” : Hides the element.
• ng-hide=”false” : Displays the element.
• Syntax: <tag ng-hide=”property”> </tag>
• Example: <p ng-hide=”false”>Welcome</p>
Example on ng-hide:
<html>
<head>
<title>ng-hide</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>ng-hide</h1>
<div ng-hide="x">div 1</div>
<div ng-hide="y">div 2</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

ng-if
ng-if
• The “ng-if” directive shows / removes the element in the web page.
• ng-if=”true” : Displays the element.
• ng-if=”false” : Removes the element.
• Syntax: <tag ng-if=”property”></tag>
• Example: <p ng-if=”true”>Welcome</p>
Example on ng-if:
<html>
<head>
<title>ng-if</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>ng-if</h1>
<div ng-if="x">div 1</div>
<div ng-if="y">div 2</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

ng-disabled
ng-disabled
• The “ng-disabled” directive disables / enables the element.
• ng-disabled=”true” : Disables the element.
• ng-disabled=”false” : Enables the element.
• Syntax: <tag ng-disabled=”property”></tag>
• Example: <input type=”button” ng-disabled=”true”>
Example on ng-disabled:
<html>
<head>
<title>ng-disabled</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>ng-disabled</h1>
<input type="button" value="button1" ng-disabled="x">
<input type="button" value="button2" ng-disabled="y">
</div>
</body>
</html>

ng-src
ng-src
• The “ng-src” directive sets “src” attribute value dynamically based on the
property.
• Advantage: It avoids sending a request to “{{property}}” address.
• Syntax: <img ng-src=”{{property}}”>
• Example: <img ng-src=”{{a}}”>
Example on ng-src:
<html>
<head>
<title>ng-src</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>ng-src</h1>
<div ng-app ng-init="a='img1.jpg' ">
<img ng-src="{{a}}" width="200px">
</div>
</body>
</html>

ng-class
ng-class
• The “ng-class” directive sets css class name to the element dynamically.
• Syntax: <tag ng-class=”property”></tag>
• Example: <p class=”a”>Welcome</p>
Example on ng-class:
<html>
<head>
<title>ng-class</title>
<style>
.class1
{
color: white;
}
.class2
{
color: white;
border: 5px dotted #ffcc33;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>ng-class</h1>
<div ng-app ng-init="a='class1' ">
<p ng-class="a">Hello</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

ng-click
ng-click
• The “ng-click” directive handles “click” event.
• When the user clicks on the element, the “click” event will be executed.
• Syntax: <tag ng-click=”functionname( )”></tag>
• Example: <input type=”button” ng-click=”fun1( )”>
Example on ng-click:
<html>
<head>
<title>ng-click</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>ng-click</h1>
<div ng-app ng-init="name='Scott' ">
<input type="button" value="button1" ng-click="name='Allen' ">
<br>
{{name}}
</div>
</body>
</html>
Example 2 on ng-click:
<html>
<head>
<title>ng-click with ng-show</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>ng-click with ng-show</h1>
<div ng-app ng-init="x = true">
<div ng-show="x">div 1</div>
<input type="button" value="Hide" ng-click="x = false">
<input type="button" value="Show" ng-click="x = true">

</div>
</body>
</html>
Example 3 on ng-click:
<html>
<head>
<title>ng-click</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>ng-click</h1>
<div ng-app ng-init="a=null; b=null; c=null ">
Price: <input type="text" ng-model="a"><br>
Discount: <input type="text" ng-model="b"><br>
<input type="button" value="Add" ng-click="c = a - b"><br>
Net Price: <input type="text" ng-model="c">
</div>
</body>
</html>

ng-dblclick
ng-dblclick
• The “ng-dblclick” directive handles “dblclick” event.
• When the user double clicks on the element, the “dblclick” event will be
executed.
• Syntax: <tag ng-dblclick=”functionname( )”></tag>
• Example: <input type=”button” ng-dblclick=”fun1( )”>
Example on ng-dblclick:
<html>
<head>
<title>AngularJS - dblclick</title>
#div1
{
width: 200px;
height: 100px;
}
</style>
<script>
var app = angular.module("mymodule", []);
app.controller("mycontroller", fun1);
function fun1($scope)
{
$scope.f1 = function()
{
alert("hello");
};
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>AngularJS - dblclick</h1>

<div ng-app="mymodule">
<div ng-controller="mycontroller">
<div id="div1" ng-dblclick="f1()">
double click me
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

ng-focus and ng-blur
ng-focus
• The “ng-focus” directive handles “focus” event.
• Syntax: <tag ng-focus=”functionname( )”></tag>
• Example: <input type=”text” ng-focus=”fun1( )”>
ng-blur
• The “ng-blur” directive handles “blur” event.
• The “blur” event executes when the cursor go out of the element.
• Syntax: <tag ng-blur=”functionname( )”></tag>
• Example: <input type=”text” ng-blur=”fun1( )”>
Example on ng-focus and ng-blur:

<html>
<head>
<title>ng-focus and ng-blur</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>ng-focus and ng-blur</h1>
<div ng-app ng-init="b=false;">
Email:
<input type="text" ng-focus="b=true" ng-blur="b=false">
<span ng-show="b">Use gmail only</span>
</div>
</body>
</html>

ng-keyup
ng-keyup
• The “ng-keyup” directive handles “keyup” event.
• The “keyup” event executes when the user presses any key on the keyboard.
• Syntax: <tag ng-keyup=”functionname( )”></tag>
• Example: <input type=”text” ng-keyup=”fun1( )”>
Example on ng-keyup:
<html>
<head>
<title>ng-keyup</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>ng-keyup</h1>
<div ng-app ng-init="a=''; b=''; c='' ">
Price:
<input type="text" ng-model="a" ng-keyup="c = a - b"><br>
Discount:
<input type="text" ng-model="b" ng-keyup="c = a - b"><br>
Net Price: <input type="text" ng-model="c">
</div>
</body>
</html>

ng-keypress
ng-keypress
• The “ng-keypress” directive handles “keypress” event.
keyboard, before accepting currently pressed character.
• Syntax: <tag ng-keypress=”functionname( )”></tag>
• Example: <input type=”text” ng-keypress=”fun1( )”>
Example on ng-keypress:
<html>
<head>
<title>AngularJS - keypress</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>AngularJS - keypress</h1>
<div ng-app ng-init="a=null; b=null">
Source text:
<input type="text" ng-model="a" ng-keypress="b=a"><br>
Destination text:
<input type="text" ng-model="b"><br>
</div>
</body>
</html>

ng-mouseover and ng-mouseout
ng-mouseover
• The “ng-mouseover” directive handles “mouseover” event.
• The “mouseover” event executes when the user places mouse pointer on the
element.
• Syntax: <tag ng-mouseover=”functionname( )”></tag>
• Example: <div ng-mouseover=”fun1( )”></div>
ng-mouseout
• The “ng-mouseout” directive handles “mouseout” event.
• The “mouseout” event executes when the user moves the mouse pointer out
of the element.
• Syntax: <tag ng-mouseout=”functionname( )”></tag>
• Example: <div ng-mouseout=”fun1( )”></div>
Example on ng-mouseover and ng-mouseout:

<html>
<head>
<title>AngularJS - mouseover and mouseout</title>
<style>
#div1
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>AngularJS - mouseover and mouseout</h1>
<div ng-app ng-init="a='Mouse over me';">
<div id="div1" ng-mouseover="a='Thanx';" ng-mouseout="a='Mouse
over me';">
{{a}}

</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

ng-mousemove
ng-mousemove
• The “ng-mousemove” directive handles “mousemove” event.
• The “mousemove” event executes when the user moves the mouse pointer
on the element.
• Syntax: <tag ng-mousemove=”functionname( )”></tag>
• Example: <div ng-mousemove=”fun1( )”></div>
Example on ng-mousemove:
<html>
<head>
<title>AngularJS - mousemove</title>
#div1
{
width: 200px;
height: 100px;
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>AngularJS - mousemove</h1>
<div ng-app ng-init="a=null;">
<div id="div1" ng-mousemove="a=$event.pageX + ',' + $event.pageY">
{{a}}
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

ng-change
ng-change
• The “ng-change” directive handles “change” event.
• The “change” event executes when the user changes the value of an element
(checkbox / radio button / dropdownlist).
• Syntax: <tag ng-change=”functionname( )”></tag>
• Example: <input type=”checkbox” ng-change=”fun1( )”>
Example on ng-change with CheckBox:

<html>
<head>
<title>ng-change - checkbox</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>ng-change - checkbox</h1>
<div ng-app ng-init="a=true; b=false">
<input type="checkbox" ng-model="a" ng-change="b=!a">
I accept license agreement
<br>
<input type="submit" ng-disabled="b"><br>
{{a}}
</div>
</body>
</html>
Example on ng-change with RadioButton:

<html>
<head>
<title>AngularJS - change - radiobutton</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>AngularJS - change - radiobutton</h1>
<div ng-app ng-init="gender=null; msg=null;">

Gender:
<input type="radio" id="rb1" name="gender" ng-model="gender"
value="M" ng-change="msg='Male selected'">
<label for="rb1">Male</label>
<input type="radio" id="rb2" name="gender" ng-model="gender"
value="F" ng-change="msg='Female selected'">
<label for="rb2">Female</label>
<br>{{gender}}<br>{{msg}}
</div>
</body>
</html>
Example on ng-change with DropDownList:

<html>
<head>
<title>AngularJS - change - dropdownlist</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>AngularJS - change - dropdownlist</h1>
<div ng-app ng-init="country=null; msg=null">
Country:
<select ng-model="country" ng-change="msg=country + ' is selected' ">
<option>UK</option>
<option>US</option>
<option>Canada</option>
</select>
<br>{{country}}<br>{{msg}}
</div>
</body>
</html>

Modules
Modules
• The “angularjs project” is divided into multiple parts; each part is called as
“module”.
• “Module” is a collection of views, models and controllers.
• Syntax: angular.module(“module name”, [ list of modules to import ] );
• Example: angular.module(“module1”, [ ] );
Bootstrapping
• Bootstrapping is a process of loading module into the <div> tag.
• Syntax:
angular.element(document).ready(functionname);
{
angular.bootstrap(document.getElementById(“id of div”), [ “module
name” ] );
}

Example on Modules
<html>
<head>
<title>Modules</title>
<style>
#div1,#div2,#div3
{
margin: 5px;
padding: 10px;
height: 100px;
}
</style>
<script>
var app1 = angular.module("module1", [ ]);
angular.element(document).ready(myfunction);
function myfunction()
{
angular.bootstrap( document.getElementById("div1"), ["module1"] );
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Modules, Models, Controllers and Views</h1>
<div id="div1">
{{10+20}}
</div>
<div id="div2">
{{10+20}}
</div>
<div id="div3">
{{10+20}}
</div>
</body>
</html>

MVC
MVC (Model – View – Controller)
• “MVC” is an architecture, which allows you to divide the code into three parts:
1. Model
2. View
3. Controller
• Model:
o Model is a JSON object, which stores the data.
• View:
o View is a “set of html tags”, which displays model data.
• Controller:
o Controller is a JavaScript function, that loads data into model and
passes model to view; and also manipulates model.
Principles of MVC
1. Controller calls Model.
2. Controller calls View.
3. View calls Model.
Execution Flow of MVC

1. Model will be created automatically. Model is “an empty javascript object”, by
default.

2. Controller receives the model as “$scope”. Then the controller executes.
Controller adds data to model ($scope).
3. After controller’s execution is finished, view executes. “Data bindings” will be
executed next.
Example on MVC:
<html>
<head>
<title>Models, Controllers and Views</title>
<style>
body
{
font-size: 25px;
}
#div1,#div2,#div3
{
margin: 5px;
padding: 10px;
height: 150px;
}
#div1 div,#div2 div,#div3 div
{
margin: 10px;
padding: 10px;
width: 300px;
float: left;
height: 90px;
}
</style>
<script>
var app1 = angular.module("module1", []);
app1.controller("c1", fun1);

{
$scope.a = 10;
}
{
$scope.b = 20;
}
{
$scope.c = 30;
}
{
$scope.d = 40;
}
{
$scope.e = 50;
}
{
$scope.f = 60;
}
{
angular.bootstrap( document.getElementById("div1"),
["module1"] );
["module2"] );

["module3"] );
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Models, Controllers and Views</h1>
<div id="div1">
<div ng-controller="c1">{{a}}</div>
<div ng-controller="c2">{{b}}</div>
</div>
<div id="div2">
<div ng-controller="c3">{{c}}</div>
<div ng-controller="c4">{{d}}</div>
</div>
<div id="div3">
<div ng-controller="c5">{{e}}</div>
<div ng-controller="c6">{{f}}</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

$rootScope
$rootScope
• $rootScope represents the model, which is accessible for entire module.
• Every module has its own $rootScope.
• $rootScope is commonly accessible commonly in all controllers and views of
the same module.
Example on $rootScope
<html>
<head>
<title>$rootScope</title>
<style>
body
{
font-size: 25px;
}
#div1,#div2,#div3
{
margin: 5px;
padding: 10px;
height: 150px;
}
#div1 div,#div2 div,#div3 div
{
margin: 10px;
padding: 10px;
width: 400px;
float: left;
height: 90px;
}
</style>
<script>

function fun1($scope, $rootScope)
{
$scope.a = 10;
$rootScope.msg = "Message at root scope at module 1";
}
{
$scope.b = 20;
}
{
$scope.c = 30;
}
{
$scope.d = 40;
}
{
$scope.e = 50;
}
{
$scope.f = 60;
}

{
["module1"] );
["module2"] );
["module3"] );
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>$rootScope</h1>
<div id="div1">
<div ng-controller="c1">{{a}}<br>{{msg}}</div>
<div ng-controller="c2">{{b}}<br>{{msg}}</div>
</div>
<div id="div2">
<div ng-controller="c3">{{c}}<br>{{msg}}</div>
<div ng-controller="c4">{{d}}<br>{{msg}}</div>
</div>
<div id="div3">
<div ng-controller="c5">{{e}}<br>{{msg}}</div>
<div ng-controller="c6">{{f}}<br>{{msg}}</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Nested Views
Nested Views
• A view, which is present inside another view is called as “nested view”.
• The parent view can be called as “outer view”; and the child view can be called
as “inner view”.
• The inner view can access the model of “outer view” also.
• When we use an expression in the inner view, first it searches the variable in
inner model and then it tries in the outer model.
Example on Nested Views

<html>
<head>
<title>MVC - Nested Views</title>
.class1
{
height: 1000px;
font-size: 30px;
padding: 10px;
margin: 20px;
}
.class2
{
background-color: #ff99cc;
height: 790px;
font-size: 30px;

padding: 10px;
margin: 20px;
}
.class3
{
background-color: #ccff66;
height: 430px;
font-size: 30px;
padding: 10px;
margin: 20px;
}
</style>
<script>
app.controller("controller1", fun1);
{
$scope.a = 10;
$scope.b = 20;
$rootScope.x = 1000;
$scope.x = 100;
}
{
$scope.c = 30;
$scope.d = 40;
$scope.x = 200;
}
{
$scope.e = 50;
$scope.f = 60;
$scope.x = 300;
}
</script>
</head>
<body>

<h1>MVC - Nested Views</h1>
<div ng-controller="controller1" class="class1">
a is: <b>{{a}}</b><br>
b is: <b>{{b}}</b><br>
root scope's x is: <b>{{$root.x}}</b><br>
x is: <b>{{x}}</b>

c is: <b>{{c}}</b><br>
d is: <b>{{d}}</b><br>
a is: <b>{{a}}</b><br>
b is: <b>{{b}}</b><br>
x is: <b>{{x}}</b><br>
parent x is: <b>{{$parent.x}}</b><br>

e is: <b>{{e}}</b><br>
f is: <b>{{f}}</b><br>
c is: <b>{{c}}</b><br>
d is: <b>{{d}}</b><br>
a is: <b>{{a}}</b><br>
b is: <b>{{b}}</b><br>
x is: <b>{{x}}</b><br>
parent x is: <b>{{$parent.x}}</b><br>
parent's parent x is: <b>{{$parent.$parent.x}}</b><br>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Login
Example on Login
<html>
<head>
<title>Login</title>
<script>
//creating module
var app = angular.module("module1", [] );
{
angular.bootstrap(document.getElementById("div1"), [
"module1" ] );
}
//creating controller
{
$scope.username = "";
$scope.password = "";
$scope.msg = "";
$scope.login = function()
{
if ($scope.username == "admin" && $scope.password ==
"manager")
{
$scope.msg = "Successful login";
}
else
{
$scope.msg = "Invalid login";
}
};
}
</script>
</head>

<body>
<div id="div1">
<form>
Username:
<input type="text" ng-model="username"><br>
Password:
<input type="password" ng-model="password">
<br>
<input type="submit" value="Login" ng-click="login()"><br>
{{msg}}
</form>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Registration
Example on Registration
<html>
<head>
<title>Registration</title>
.class1
{
color: green;
}
.class2
{
color: red;
}
</style>
<script>
{
$scope.username = null;
$scope.password = null;
$scope.confirmpassword = null;
$scope.receivenewsletters = false;
$scope.gender = null;
$scope.city = null;
$scope.message = null;
$scope.classname = null;
$scope.register = function()
{
if ($scope.password == $scope.confirmpassword)
{
$scope.message = "Successful registration<br>Username: "
+ $scope.username + "<br>Password: " + $scope.password + "<br>Confirm
Password: " + $scope.confirmpassword + "<br>Receive News Letters: " +

this.receivenewsletters + "<br>Gender: " + this.gender + "<br>City: " +
this.city;
$scope.classname = "class1";
}
else
{
$scope.message = "Password and confirm password do not match";
$scope.classname = "class2";
}
};
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Register</h1>
Username:
Password:
<input type="password" ng-model="password"><br>
Confirm Password:
<input type="password" ng-model="confirmpassword"><br>
<input type="checkbox" ng-model="receivenewsletters">

Receive News Letters<br>
Gender:
<input type="radio" ng-model="gender" name="gender"
value="male">Male
<input type="radio" ng-model="gender" name="gender"
value="female">Female<br>
City:
<select ng-model="city">
<option>Hyderabad</option>
<option>Pune</option>
<option>Bangalore</option>
<option>Mumbai</option>
</select>

<br>
<input type="submit" value="Register" ng-click="register()"><br>

<span class="{{classname}}">{{message}}</span>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Filters
Filters
• Filters are the keywords that can be used in expressions:
{{variable | filter }}
• Filters are used to format the value of expression.
List of angularjs filters

1. uppercase {{property | uppercase}}
2. lowercase {{property | lowercase}}
3. number {{property | number}}
4. currency {{property | currency}}
5. orderBy {{variable in array | orderBy: ‘fieldname’ }}
6. filter {{variable in array | filter: variable }}
Example on Filters
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>AngularJS - Filters</title>
<script>
var app = angular.module("mymodule", [ ] );
{
$scope.empid = 101;
$scope.empname = "Scott";
$scope.salary = 766784500;
}
</script>
</head>
<body>

<div ng-app="mymodule" ng-controller="mycontroller">
Emp ID: {{empid}}<br>
Emp Name (uppercase): {{empname | uppercase}}<br>
Emp Name (lowercase): {{empname | lowercase}}<br>
Salary (number): {{salary | number}}<br>
Salary (currency): {{salary | currency}}<br>
Salary (currency): {{salary | currency:'₹'}}<br>
</div>
</body>
</html>

ng-repeat
ng-repeat
• ng-repeat is used to execute a tag repeatedly for each element of the array.
• Adding new element into the array:

$scope.arrayname.push(newvalue);
• Removing existing element from array:

$scope.arrayname.splice(index, no. of elements to remove);
Example on ng-repeat:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>AngularJS - ng-repeat</title>
<script>

{
$scope.countries = [ "India", "Japan", "UK", "US" ];
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>ng-repeat</h1>
<ul>
<li ng-repeat="country in countries">
{{country}}
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Example on ng-repeat with add, remove:

<html>
<head>
<title>AngularJS - Ng-repeat</title>
<script>
{
$scope.countries = [ "India", "Canada", "China", "Japan", "UK" ];
$scope.newcountry = "";
{
$scope.countries.push($scope.newcountry);
};
$scope.f2 = function(n)

{
var countryname = $scope.countries[n];
if (confirm("Are you sure to delete " + countryname))
{
$scope.countries.splice(n, 1);
}
};
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>AngularJS - Ng-repeat</h1>
<ul>
<li ng-repeat="country in countries">
{{country}}
<input type="button" value="Remove" ng-
click="f2($index)">
</li>
</ul>
<input type="text" placeholder="New Country" ng-
model="newcountry">
<input type="button" value="Add" ng-click="f1()">
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Example on ng-repeat with Object array add, remove:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>AngularJS - Object array - add, remove</title>
<script>

{
$scope.emps =
[
{ "empid": 105, "empname": "James", "salary": 9500 }
];
$scope.newemp = { "empid": "", "empname": "", "salary": "" };
$scope.save = function()
{
$scope.emps.push({ "empid": $scope.newemp.empid,
"empname": $scope.newemp.empname, "salary": $scope.newemp.salary });
$scope.newemp.empid = "";
$scope.newemp.empname = "";
$scope.newemp.salary = "";
}
$scope.remove = function(currentindex)
{
if (confirm("Are you sure to delete this employee") == true)
{
$scope.emps.splice(currentindex, 1);
}
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<table border="1" cellpadding="5px">
<tr>
<th>Emp ID</th>
<th>Emp Name</th>
<th>Salary</th>
<th></th>
</tr>

<tr ng-repeat="emp in emps">
<td>{{emp.empid}}</td>
<td>{{emp.empname}}</td>
<td>{{emp.salary}}</td>
<td>
<a href="#" ng-click="remove($index)">
Delete
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<input type="text" id="newempid" ng-
model="newemp.empid" autofocus="autofocus">
</td>
<td>
<input type="text" ng-model="newemp.empname">
</td>
<td>
<input type="text" ng-model="newemp.salary">
</td>
<td>
<input type="button" value="Save" ng-click="save()">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Example on ng-repeat with Object Array with Filter and

OrderBy:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>AngularJS - ng-repeat - json array - table</title>
<script>

{
$scope.emps =
[
{ "empid": 105, "empname": "James", "salary": 9500 }
];
$scope.searchdata = "";
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
Search: <input type="text" ng-model="searchdata.empname">
<table border="1" cellpadding="5px">
<tr>
<th>Emp ID</th>
<th>Emp Name</th>
<th>Salary</th>
</tr>
<tr ng-repeat="emp in emps | orderBy:'-salary' | filter: searchdata ">
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Animations
Animations
• We can perform animations while adding / removing items from an array, that
is displayed by using “ng-repeat”.
• Animation is a process of changing the css property value gradually, based on
specified milliseconds.
• The “angular-animate.js” has “ngAnimate” module. To perform animations,
we have to import the “ngAnimate” module.
• This module is used to invoke animations dynamically while adding / removing
items from array in “ng-repeat”.
CSS classes required for animations

• AngularJS automatically applies these css classes while adding / removing
elements in the ng-repeat.
• Adding element:
.ng-enter : Specifies start value.
.ng-enter-active : Specifies end value.
• Removing element:
.ng-leave : Specifies start value.
.ng-leave-active : Specifies end value.
Example on Animations:
• Place the following files in “c:\angularjs” folder:
• c:\angularjs
o animations.html
o angular.js
o angular-animate.js

Code for animations.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>AngularJS - animations</title>
.ng-enter
{
transition: 1s;
opacity: 0;
transform: translateY(30px);
}
.ng-enter-active
{
transform: translateY(0px);
opacity: 1;
}
.ng-leave
{
transition: 1s;
opacity: 1;
transform: translateX(0);
}
.ng-leave-active
{
opacity: 0;
transform: translateX(-100px);
}
</style>
<script src="angular-animate.js"></script>
<script>
var app = angular.module("mymodule", [ "ngAnimate" ] );
{
$scope.countries = [ "India", "Canada", "China", "Japan", "UK" ];
$scope.search = "";
{
$scope.countries.push($scope.newcountry);

};
$scope.f2 = function(n)
{
var countryname = $scope.countries[n];
if (confirm("Are you sure to delete " + countryname))
{
$scope.countries.splice(n, 1);
}
};
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
Seach: <input type="text" ng-model="search">
<ul>
<li ng-repeat="country in countries | filter:search">
{{country}}
<input type="button" value="Remove" ng-click="f2($index)">
</li>
</ul>
<input type="text" placeholder="New Country" ng-
model="newcountry">
<input type="button" value="Add" ng-click="f1()">
</div>
</body>
</html>

AngularJS AJAX
AJAX
• AJAX is a concept, which is used to “send a background request to server” and
“get background response from server”, without refreshing the web page.
• Ex: Google, Gmail, Facebook, IRCTC etc.
AngularJS AJAX
• AngularJS provides “$http” server to perform ajax requests and responses.
• AngularJS AJAX supports the following four types of requests:
o GET : Retrieving / searching
o POST : Inserting
o PUT : Updating
o DELETE : Deleting

1. GET:
▪ Used to retrieve data from server.
▪ Examples:
o Google search
o Retrieving students marks sheet based on hall ticket no.
o Retrieving list of trains based on the source and destination
stations in IRCTC website.
▪ Syntax: $http.get(“url”).then(successfunction, errorfunction);
2. POST:
▪ Used to insert data into database table.
▪ Examples:
o User registration.
▪ Syntax:
$http.post(“url”, { data } ).then(successfunction, errorfunction);
3. PUT:
▪ Used to update data in the database table.
▪ Examples:
o Updating user profile.
▪ Syntax: $http.put(“url”, { data } ).then(successfunction, errorfunction);
4. DELETE:
▪ Used to delete data from the database table.
▪ Examples:
o Deleting user profile.
▪ Syntax: $http.delete(“url”).then(successfunction, errorfunction);

AngularJS AJAX – NodeJS – Simple -
Example
• Place “angular.js” file in “c:\angularjs” folder.
c:\angularjs
- httpserver.js
- index.html
- angular.js
c:\angularjs\httpserver.js
function startup()
{
}

{
{
{
if (error)
{
response.end();

}
else
{
response.end();
}
}
}
else if (request.url == "/angular.js")
{
fs.readFile("angular.js", "utf8", fun1);
{
if (error)
{
response.end();
}
else
{
response.end();
}
}
}
{
response.end();
}
}

c:\angularjs\index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>AngularJS AJAX - NodeJS - Simple</title>
<script>
function fun1($scope, $http)
{
$scope.getdata = function ()
{
$http.get("/getdata").then(fun2, fun3);
};
{
$scope.message = response.data;
}
function fun3(err)
{
alert(JSON.stringify(err));
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>AngularJS AJAX - NodeJS - Simple</h1>
<input type="button" ng-click="getdata()" value="Get data from
server">
<div>{{message}}</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Execution:
cd c:\angularjs
node httpserver.js

AngularJS AJAX – NodeJS – Get - Example
c:\angularjs
- httpserver.js
- index.html
- angular.js
function startup()
{
}

{
{
{
if (error)
{
response.end();
}
else

{
response.end();
}
}
}
{
{
if (error)
{
response.end();
}
else
{
response.end();
}
}
}
{
response.write(`[
]`);
response.end();

}
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>AngularJS AJAX - NodeJS - Get</title>
<script>
{
$scope.employees= [];
$scope.f1 = function ()
{
$http.get("/getemployees").then(f2, f3);
};
function f2(response)
{
$scope.employees = response.data;
}
function f3(err)
{
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>AngularJS AJAX - NodeJS - Get</h1>
<input type="button" value="Load data" ng-click="f1()">
<table border="1" id="table1">
<tr>
<th>Emp ID</th>
<th>Emp Name</th>

<th>Salary</th>
</tr>
<tr ng-repeat="emp in employees">
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Execution:
cd c:\angularjs
node httpserver.js

AngularJS AJAX – NodeJS – Search -
Example
c:\angularjs
- httpserver.js
- index.html
- angular.js
function startup()
{
}

{
{
{
if (error)
{

response.end();
}
else
{
response.end();
}
}
}
{
{
if (error)
{
response.end();
}
else
{
response.end();
}
}
}
{
var employees = [

];
{
{
}
}
response.end();
}
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>AngularJS AJAX - NodeJS - Search</title>
<script>
{
$scope.str = "";
$scope.employees = [];
{
$http.get("/searchemployees?searchstr=" + $scope.str).then(f1, f2);
};
{
}
function f2(err)
{

}
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>AngularJS AJAX - NodeJS - Search</h1>
<form>
<input type="text" placeholder="Search" ng-model="str">
<input type="submit" value="OK" ng-click="getdata()"><br>
<tr> <th>Emp ID</th> <th>Emp Name</th>
<th>Salary</th> </tr>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Execution:
cd c:\angularjs
node httpserver.js

AngularJS AJAX – NodeJS – Post - Example
c:\angularjs
- httpserver.js
- index.html
- angular.js
function startup()
{
}

{
{
{
if (error)
{
response.end();
}

else
{
response.end();
}
}
}
{
{
if (error)
{
response.end();
}
else
{
response.end();
}
}
}
{
response.end();
}
}

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>AngularJS AJAX - NodeJS - Post</title>
<script>
{
$scope.emp = { "empid": null, "empname": null, "salary": null };
$scope.message = "";
$scope.savedata = function ()
{
$http.post("/insertemployee", $scope.emp).then(f1, f2);
};
{
}
function f2(err)
{
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>AngularJS AJAX - NodeJS - Post</h1>
<form>
Emp ID: <input type="text" ng-model="emp.empid"><br>
Emp Name: <input type="text" ng-model="emp.empname"><br>
Salary: <input type="text" ng-model="emp.salary"><br>
<input type="submit" value="Insert" ng-click="savedata()">

<br>{{message}}
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Execution:
cd c:\angularjs
node httpserver.js

AngularJS AJAX – NodeJS – Put - Example
c:\angularjs
- httpserver.js
- index.html
- angular.js
function startup()
{
}

{
{
{
if (error)
{
response.end();
}

else
{
response.end();
}
}
}
{
{
if (error)
{
response.end();
}
else
{
response.end();
}
}
}
{
response.end();
}
}

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>AngularJS AJAX - NodeJS - Put</title>
<script>
{
{
$http.put("/updateemployee", $scope.emp).then(f1, f2);
};
{
}
function f2(err)
{
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>AngularJS AJAX - NodeJS - Put</h1>
<form>
Existing Emp ID: <input type="text" ng-model="emp.empid"><br>
<input type="submit" value="Update" ng-click="savedata()">
<br>{{message}}
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Execution:
cd c:\angularjs
node httpserver.js

AngularJS AJAX – NodeJS – Delete -
Example
c:\angularjs
- httpserver.js
- index.html
- angular.js
function startup()
{
}

{
{
{
if (error)
{

response.end();
}
else
{
response.end();
}
}
}
{
{
if (error)
{
response.end();
}
else
{
response.end();
}
}
}
{
console.log("request received at " + new
response.end();
}
}

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>AngularJS AJAX - NodeJS - Delete</title>
<script>
{
$scope.empid = "";
$scope.deletedata = function ()
{
$http.delete("/deleteemployee?empid=" + $scope.empid).then(f1,
f2);
};
{
}
function f2(err)
{
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>AngularJS AJAX - NodeJS - Delete</h1>
<form>
Emp ID to delete: <input type="text" ng-model="empid">Ex: 1<br>
<input type="submit" value="Delete" ng-click="deletedata()"><br>
{{message}}
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Execution:
cd c:\angularjs
node httpserver.js

AngularJS AJAX – NodeJS – Grid - Example
c:\angularjs
- httpserver.js
- index.html
- angular.js
function startup()
{
}

{
{
{
if (error)
{
response.end();
}
else

{
response.end();
}
}
}
{
{
if (error)
{
response.end();
}
else
{
response.end();
}
}
}
{
response.write(`[
]`);
response.end();

}
{
response.end();
}
{
response.end();
}
{
console.log("request received at " + new
response.end();
}
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>AngularJS - AJAX - Grid</title>
<script>
{
$scope.showloading = true;

$scope.newemployee = { "empid": "", "empname": "", "salary": "" };
$scope.editemployee = { "empid": "", "empname": "", "salary": "" };
$http.get("/getemployees").then(fun2, fun3);
{
for (var i = 0; i < response.data.length; i++)
{
$scope.employees.push({ "empid": response.data[i].empid,
"empname": response.data[i].empname, "salary": response.data[i].salary,
"showedit": false });
}
$scope.showloading = false;
}
function fun3(err)
{
}
$scope.insert = function ()
{
if ($scope.newemployee.empid != "" &&
$scope.newemployee.empname != "" && $scope.newemployee.salary != "")
{
$http.post("/insertemployee", $scope.newemployee).then(fun4,
fun5);
}
{
$scope.employees.push({ "empid": $scope.newemployee.empid,
"empname": $scope.newemployee.empname, "salary":
$scope.newemployee.salary });
$scope.newemployee.empid = "";
$scope.newemployee.empname = "";
$scope.newemployee.salary = "";
}
function fun5(err)
{

}
};
$scope.delete = function (i)

{
if (confirm("Are you sure to delete?"))
{
$http.delete("/deleteemployee?empid=" +
$scope.employees[i].empid).then(fun6, fun7);
}
{
$scope.employees.splice(i, 1);
}
function fun7(err)
{
}
}
$scope.edit = function (i)

{
$scope.employees[i].showedit = true;
$scope.editemployee.empid = $scope.employees[i].empid;
$scope.editemployee.empname = $scope.employees[i].empname;
$scope.editemployee.salary = $scope.employees[i].salary;
};
$scope.update = function (i)

{
if ($scope.editemployee.empid != "" &&
$scope.editemployee.empname != "" && $scope.editemployee.salary != "")
{
$http.put("/updateemployee", $scope.editemployee).then(fun8,
fun9);
}
{
$scope.employees[i].empid = $scope.editemployee.empid;
$scope.employees[i].empname = $scope.editemployee.empname;
$scope.employees[i].salary = $scope.editemployee.salary;
$scope.employees[i].showedit = false;

}
function fun9(err)
{
}
};
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>AngularJS AJAX - NodeJS - Grid</h1>
<span ng-show="showloading">Loading</span>
<table border="1" id="table1" cellpadding="5px">
<tr>
<th>Emp ID</th>
<th>Emp Name</th>
<th>Salary</th>
<th>Options</th>
</tr>
<td>
<span ng-show="!emp.showedit">{{emp.empid}}</span>
<input type="text" ng-model="editemployee.empid" ng-
show="emp.showedit" readonly="readonly">
</td>
<td>
<span ng-show="!emp.showedit">{{emp.empname}}</span>
<input type="text" ng-model="editemployee.empname" ng-
show="emp.showedit">
</td>
<td>
<span ng-show="!emp.showedit">{{emp.salary}}</span>
<input type="text" ng-model="editemployee.salary" ng-
</td>
<td>
<input type="button" value="Edit" ng-click="edit($index)" ng-
show="!emp.showedit">
<input type="button" value="Update" ng-click="update($index)"
ng-show="emp.showedit">

<input type="button" value="Delete" ng-click="delete($index)"
ng-show="!emp.showedit">
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="newrow">
<td><input type="text" ng-model="newemployee.empid"
autofocus="autofocus"></td>
<td><input type="text" ng-model="newemployee.empname"></td>
<td><input type="text" ng-model="newemployee.salary"></td>
<td><input type="button" value="Insert" ng-click="insert()"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Execution:
cd c:\angularjs
node httpserver.js

AngularJS AJAX – .NET – Simple - Example
• Location: c:\angularjs
• Click on OK.
• Click on OK.
• Place “angular.js” file in the project.

AjaxSimple
- angular.js
- Models
o Employee.cs
- Controllers
o HomeController.cs
- Views
o Home
▪ Index.cshtml
using System;
using System.Linq;
{
{
{
return View();
}
{
}
}
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>AngularJS AJAX - .NET - Simple</title>
<script src="~/angular.js"></script>

<script>
{
{
$http.get("/home/getdata").then(fun2, fun3);
};
{
}
function fun3(err)
{
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>AngularJS AJAX - .NET - Simple</h1>
<input type="button" ng-click="getdata()" value="Get data from
server">
<div>{{message}}</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Execution:

AngularJS AJAX – .NET – Get - Example
• Name: AjaxGet
• Click on OK.
• Click on OK.

AjaxGet
- angular.js
- Models
o Employee.cs
- Controllers
o HomeController.cs
- Views
o Home
▪ Index.cshtml
Models\Employee.cs
using System;
{
{
}
}
using System;
using System.Linq;
{
{
{
return View();

}
public ActionResult GetEmployees()
{
{
};
}
}
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>AngularJS AJAX - .NET - Get</title>
<script>
{
$scope.employees= [];
$scope.f1 = function ()
{
$http.get("/home/getemployees").then(f2, f3);
};
{
}
function f3(err)
{

}
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>AngularJS AJAX - .NET - Get</h1>
<input type="button" value="Load data" ng-click="f1()">
<table border="1" id="table1">
<tr>
<th>Emp ID</th>
<th>Emp Name</th>
<th>Salary</th>
</tr>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Execution:

AngularJS AJAX – .NET – Search - Example
• Click on OK.
• Click on OK.

AjaxSearch
- angular.js
- Models
o Employee.cs
- Controllers
o HomeController.cs
- Views
o Home
▪ Index.cshtml
Models\Employee.cs
using System;
{
{
}
}
using System;
using System.Linq;
{
{
// GET: Home/Index
{
return View();

}
{
{
};

{
{
emps2.Add(emps[i]);
}
}
}
}
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>AngularJS AJAX - .NET - Search</title>
<script>
{
$scope.str = "";

{
$http.get("/home/searchemployees?searchstr=" +
$scope.str).then(f1, f2);
};
{
}
function f2(err)
{
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>AngularJS AJAX - .NET - Search</h1>
<form>
<input type="text" placeholder="Search" ng-model="str">
<input type="submit" value="OK" ng-click="getdata()"><br>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Execution:

AngularJS AJAX – .NET – Post - Example
• Name: AjaxPost
• Click on OK.
• Click on OK.

AjaxPost
- angular.js
- Models
o Employee.cs
- Controllers
o HomeController.cs
- Views
o Home
▪ Index.cshtml
Models\Employee.cs
using System;
{
{
}
}
using System;
using System.Linq;
{
{
// GET: Home/Index
{

return View();
}
{
}
}
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>AngularJS AJAX - .NET - Post</title>
<script>
{
{
$http.post("/home/insertemployee", $scope.emp).then(f1, f2);
};
{
}
function f2(err)
{
}

}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>AngularJS AJAX - .NET - Post</h1>
<form>
Emp ID: <input type="text" ng-model="emp.empid"><br>
<input type="submit" value="Insert" ng-click="savedata()">
<br>{{message}}
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Execution:

AngularJS AJAX – .NET – Put - Example
• Name: AjaxPut
• Click on OK.
• Click on OK.

AjaxPut
- angular.js
- Models
o Employee.cs
- Controllers
o HomeController.cs
- Views
o Home
▪ Index.cshtml
Models\Employee.cs
using System;
{
{
}
}
using System;
using System.Linq;
{
{
// GET: Home/Index
{

return View();
}
{
}
}
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>AngularJS AJAX - .NET - Put</title>
<script>
{
{
$http.put("/home/updateemployee", $scope.emp).then(f1, f2);
};
{
}
function f2(err)
{
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body>

<h1>AngularJS AJAX - .NET - Put</h1>
<form>
Existing Emp ID: <input type="text" ng-model="emp.empid"><br>
<input type="submit" value="Update" ng-click="savedata()">
<br>{{message}}
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Execution:

AngularJS AJAX – .NET – Delete - Example
• Click on OK.
• Click on OK.
AjaxDelete
- angular.js
- Controllers
o HomeController.cs
- Views
o Home
▪ Index.cshtml

using System;
using System.Linq;
using AjaxDelete.Models;
{
{
// GET: Home/Index
{
return View();
}
{
}
}
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>AngularJS AJAX - .NET - Delete</title>
<script>
{
$scope.empid = "";

$scope.deletedata = function ()
{
$http.delete("/home/deleteemployee?empid=" +
$scope.empid).then(f1, f2);
};
{
}
function f2(err)
{
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>AngularJS AJAX - .NET - Delete</h1>
<form>
Emp ID to delete: <input type="text" ng-model="empid">Ex: 1<br>
<input type="submit" value="Delete" ng-click="deletedata()"><br>
{{message}}
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Execution:

AngularJS AJAX – .NET – Grid - Example
• Name: AjaxGrid
• Solution name: AjaxGrid
• Click on OK.
• Click on OK.

AjaxGrid
- angular.js
- Models
o Employee.cs
- Controllers
o HomeController.cs
- Views
o Home
▪ Index.cshtml
Models\Employee.cs
using System;
namespace AjaxGrid.Models
{
{
}
}
using System;
using System.Linq;
using AjaxGrid.Models;
namespace AjaxGrid.Controllers
{
{
{
return View();

}
public ActionResult GetEmployees()
{
{
};
}

{
return Content("Successfully Inserted");
}

{
return Content("Successfully Updated");
}

{
return Content("Successfully Deleted");
}
}
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>AngularJS AJAX - .NET - Grid</title>
<script>

{
$scope.showloading = true;
$scope.newemployee = { "empid": "", "empname": "", "salary": "" };
$scope.editemployee = { "empid": "", "empname": "", "salary": "" };
$http.get("/home/getemployees").then(fun2, fun3);
{
for (var i = 0; i < response.data.length; i++)
{
$scope.employees.push({ "empid": response.data[i].empid,
"empname": response.data[i].empname, "salary": response.data[i].salary,
"showedit": false });
}
$scope.showloading = false;
}
function fun3(err)
{
}
$scope.insert = function ()
{
if ($scope.newemployee.empid != "" &&
$scope.newemployee.empname != "" && $scope.newemployee.salary != "")
{
$http.post("/home/insertemployee",
$scope.newemployee).then(fun4, fun5);
}
{
$scope.employees.push({ "empid": $scope.newemployee.empid,
"empname": $scope.newemployee.empname, "salary":
$scope.newemployee.salary });
$scope.newemployee.empid = "";

$scope.newemployee.empname = "";
$scope.newemployee.salary = "";
}
function fun5(err)
{
}
};
$scope.delete = function (i)

{
if (confirm("Are you sure to delete?"))
{
$http.delete("/home/deleteemployee?empid=" +
$scope.employees[i].empid).then(fun6, fun7);
}
{
$scope.employees.splice(i, 1);
}
function fun7(err)
{
}
}
$scope.edit = function (i)

{
$scope.employees[i].showedit = true;
$scope.editemployee.empid = $scope.employees[i].empid;
$scope.editemployee.empname = $scope.employees[i].empname;
$scope.editemployee.salary = $scope.employees[i].salary;
};
$scope.update = function (i)

{
if ($scope.editemployee.empid != "" &&
$scope.editemployee.empname != "" && $scope.editemployee.salary != "")
{
$http.put("/home/updateemployee",
$scope.editemployee).then(fun8, fun9);
}

{
$scope.employees[i].empid = $scope.editemployee.empid;
$scope.employees[i].empname = $scope.editemployee.empname;
$scope.employees[i].salary = $scope.editemployee.salary;
$scope.employees[i].showedit = false;
}
function fun9(err)
{
}
};
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>AngularJS AJAX - .NET - Grid</h1>
<span ng-show="showloading">Loading</span>
<table border="1" id="table1" cellpadding="5px">
<tr>
<th>Emp ID</th>
<th>Emp Name</th>
<th>Salary</th>
<th>Options</th>
</tr>
<td>
<span ng-show="!emp.showedit">{{emp.empid}}</span>
<input type="text" ng-model="editemployee.empid" ng-
show="emp.showedit" readonly="readonly">
</td>
<td>
<span ng-show="!emp.showedit">{{emp.empname}}</span>
<input type="text" ng-model="editemployee.empname" ng-
</td>
<td>
<span ng-show="!emp.showedit">{{emp.salary}}</span>
<input type="text" ng-model="editemployee.salary" ng-
</td>

<td>
<input type="button" value="Edit" ng-click="edit($index)" ng-
show="!emp.showedit">
<input type="button" value="Update" ng-click="update($index)"
ng-show="emp.showedit">
<input type="button" value="Delete" ng-click="delete($index)"
ng-show="!emp.showedit">
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="newrow">
<td><input type="text" ng-model="newemployee.empid"
autofocus="autofocus"></td>
<td><input type="text" ng-model="newemployee.empname"></td>
<td><input type="text" ng-model="newemployee.salary"></td>
<td><input type="button" value="Insert" ng-click="insert()"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Execution:

Validations
Validations
• Validation is a process of checking whether the input values are correct or
not.
• In angularjs, we create validation rules using HTML 5; and we use AngularJS –
specific variables to show / hide error messages.
HTML 5 – Validation Rules:

1. required=”required”
2. min=”minimum”
3. max=”maximum”
4. pattern=”regular expression”
5. type=”number”
6. type=”email”
etc.
List of AngularJS Variables to Show / Hide Error Messages

1. $untouched
2. $touched
3. $prestine
4. $dirty
5. $invalid
6. $valid
7. $error

1. $untouched
• Returns a Boolean value that indicates whether the user has touched (cursor
entered in) the element or not.
• True: The user didn’t touched the element.
• False: The user has touched the element.
2. $touched
• Returns a Boolean value that indicates whether the user has touched (cursor
entered in) the element or not.
• True: The user has touched the element.
• False: The user didn’t touched the element.
3. $prestine
• Returns a Boolean value that indicates whether the user has modified the
value of the element or not.
• True: The user has not modified the value.
• False: The user has modified the value.
4. $dirty
• Returns a Boolean value that indicates whether the user has modified the
value of the element or not.
• True: The user has modified the value.
• False: The user has not modified the value.
5. $invalid
• Returns a Boolean value that the value is invalid or not.
• True: The value is invalid.
• False: The value is valid.

6. $valid
• Returns a Boolean value that the value is valid or not.
• True: The value is valid.
• False: The value is invalid.
7. $error
• Returns a Boolean value that the value is invalid because of specific type of
validation rule or not.
• $error.required: true / false
• $error.min: true / false
• $error.max: true / false
• $error.pattern: true / false
• $error.number: true / false
• $error.email: true / false
etc.
Example on Validations
<html>
<head>
<title>AngularJS - Validations</title>
<script>
{
$scope.user = { "username": "", "email": "", "amount": "" };
}
</script>
</head>

<body>
<form action="http://localhost/someaddress" novalidate="novalidate"
name="f1">
Name *:
<input type="text" ng-model="user.username" name="username"
required="required" pattern="^[a-zA-Z ]*$">
<span style="color:red" ng-show="f1.username.$invalid &&
f1.username.$dirty">
<span ng-show="f1.username.$error.required">Name can't be
blank</span>
<span ng-show="f1.username.$error.pattern">Name must have
alphabets only</span>
</span>
<br>
Email *: <input type="email" ng-model="user.email" name="email"

required="required">
<span style="color:red" ng-show="f1.email.$invalid &&
f1.email.$dirty">
<span ng-show="f1.email.$error.required">Email can't be
blank</span>
<span ng-show="f1.email.$error.email">Invalid email</span>
</span>
<br>
Amount *: <input type="number" ng-model="user.amount"

name="amount" required="required" min="1000" max="10000">
<span style="color:red" ng-show="f1.amount.$invalid &&
f1.amount.$dirty">
<span ng-show="f1.amount.$error.required">Amount can't be
blank</span>
<span ng-show="f1.amount.$error.number">Invalid number</span>
<span ng-show="f1.amount.$error.min">Min: 1000</span>
<span ng-show="f1.amount.$error.max">Max: 10000</span>
</span>
<br>
<input type="submit" value="Submit" ng-

disabled="f1.username.$invalid || f1.email.$invalid || f1.amount.$invalid">

</form>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

$q
$q
• $q is one of the pre-defined services in angularjs, which is used to execute the
code asynchronously (in background).
Ex: large amount of code, long loops, loading many records, attaching files
etc.

Steps for development of $q

• Get $q in controller & call async function:
app.controller(“controller name”, controllerfunctionname);
function controllerfunctionname($q)
{
var promise = asyncfunction($q);
}
• Create the asynchronous function:

function asyncfunction($q)
{

var deferred = $q.defer( ); //Specifies that, this is async function.
deferred.notify( ); //Passes a notification to the calling portion. It invokes
“notification callback” function.
deferred.resolve( ); //Finishes the async function successfully. It invokes
“success callback” function.
return deferred.promise; //Returns a promise to the calling portion.
}
• Register the callback function:

promise.then(successcallback, errorcallback, notifycallback);
Success callback: Executes when the async function resolved.

Error callback: Executes when there is some exception while executing the
async function.
Notify callback: Executes when the async function passes a notification to
the calling portion.
Example on $q
<html>
<head>
<title>AngularJS - $q</title>
<style>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
#span1
{
color: green;
}
</style>
<script>
function myfunction($q, x, y)
{

var deferred = $q.defer();
setTimeout(f1, 100);
function f1()
{
deferred.notify("Work started.... please wait...!!");
}
function f2()
{
deferred.notify("Thanx for your patience... Please wait more
time....!!");
}
function f3()
{
var z = parseInt(x) + parseInt(y);
deferred.resolve(z);
}
return deferred.promise;
}

function fun1($scope, $q)
{
$scope.a = "";
$scope.b = "";
$scope.c = "";
$scope.add = function()
{
var promise = myfunction($q, $scope.a, $scope.b);
promise.then(x, y, z);
function x(data)
{
$scope.c = data;
}
function y(error)
{
alert(error);
}
function z(data)

{
$scope.message = data;
}
};
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div ng-app="mymodule", ng-controller="mycontroller">
Enter first numer: <input type="text" ng-model="a"><br>
Enter second numer: <input type="text" ng-model="b"><br>
<input type="button" value="Add" ng-click="add()">
<span id="span1">{{message}}</span>
<br>
Result: <input type="text" ng-model="c" readonly="readonly">
</div>
</body>
</html>

$watch
$watch
• “$watch” is used to observe a model property & call a function automatically,
every time the property’s value gets changed by the programmer / user.
Syntax:
$scope.$watch(f1, f2);
function f1(scope)
{
return scope.property;
}
function f2(newvalue, oldvalue)
{
//do something with newvalue, oldvalue
}
Example on $watch:
<html>
<head>
<title>AngularJS - $watch</title>
<script>

{
$scope.x = "hello";
$scope.$watch(f1, f2);
function f1(scope)
{
return scope.x;
}
function f2(newvalue, oldvalue)
{
console.log(newvalue + ", " + oldvalue);
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>$watch</h1>
<input type="text" ng-model="x"><br>
{{x}}
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Dependency Injection
Dependency Injection
• It is used to specify the list of parameters that are required to run a controller
/ component.
• Advantage: Even though the javascript is minified, the parameters work
correctly.
Syntax:
app.controller(“controllername”, [ “parameter1”, “parameter2”, “parameter3”,
…, functionname ] );
function functionname(parameter1, parameter2, …)

{
code here
}
Example on Dependency Injection

<html>
<head>
<title>AngularJS - Dependency Injection</title>
<style>
body
{
font-size: 30px;
}
.class1
{
margin: 10px;
padding: 10px;
}
</style>

<script>
app.controller("controller1", [ "$scope", "$rootScope", fun1 ]);
function fun1(s, r)
{
s.submessage = "message from sub model"; //s = $scope
r.rootmessage = "message from root model"; //r = $rootScope
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div ng-app="mymodule" class="class1">
<p>{{rootmessage}}</p>
<p>{{submessage}}</p>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Custom Components
Full Architecture of AngularJS Module
• An angularjs module is a collection of an angularjs application with a
collection of custom components and app.config( ).
• Angularjs application contains collection of models, views and controllers.
• Custom components are:
1. Custom values
2. Custom factories
3. Custom services
4. Custom filters
5. Custom providers
6. Custom directives

Custom Values
Custom Values
• “Custom value” component represents a value that can be stored in the
module.
• The “value component” can store any type of data (number / string / object
etc.).
Steps for working with value component

• Create a value component in the module
Syntax: app.value(“value name”, actual value);
Ex: app.value(“x”, 100);
• Retrieve the value component in the controller

app.controller(“controller name”, functionname);
function functionname(value name)
//do something with the value

Example on custom values:
<html>
<head>
<title>AngularJS - Custom Values</title>
<style>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
#div1
{
padding: 10px;
margin: 10px;
}
#div2
{
background-color: #ffcc99;
padding: 10px;
margin: 10px;
}
</style>
<script>
var app = angular.module("mymodule", [ ]);
app.value("x", 100);
app.controller("mycontroller1", fun1);
app.controller("mycontroller2", fun2);
function fun1($scope, x)
{
$scope.message1 = x;
}
function fun2($scope, x)
{
$scope.message2 = x;
}
</script>

</head>
<body ng-app="mymodule">
<h2>Angular JS Custom Values</h2>
<div ng-controller="mycontroller1" id="div1">

{{message1}}
</div>
<div ng-controller="mycontroller2" id="div2">

{{message2}}
</div>
</body>
</html>

Custom Factories
Custom Factories
• “Factory” is a collection of re-usable functions, which can be called from any
other component within the same module and also in other modules.
Steps for development of Custom Factories

• Create factory in the module:
app.factory(“factory name”, functionname);
{
var temp = { };
temp.function1 = function( )
{
code here
}
temp.function2 = function( )
{
code here

}
…
return temp;
}
• Call the factory in the controller:

app.controller(“controller name”, functionname);
function functionname(factoryname)
factoryname.function1( );
factoryname.function2( );
Example on Custom Factory:

<html>
<head>
<title>Angular JS - Custom Factories</title>
<style>
body, input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
<script>
app.factory("myfactory", fun1);
function fun1()
{
var temp = { };
temp.add = function(a, b)

{
var c = parseInt(a) + parseInt(b);
return c;
}
temp.subtract = function(a, b)
{
var c = parseInt(a) - parseInt(b);
return c;
}
return temp;
}
function fun2($scope, myfactory)
{
$scope.firstnumber = "";
$scope.secondnumber = "";
$scope.result = "";
{
$scope.result = myfactory.add($scope.firstnumber,
$scope.secondnumber);
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Angular JS - Custom Factories</h2>
First number: <input type="text" ng-model="firstnumber"><br>
Second number: <input type="text" ng-
model="secondnumber"><br>
<input type="button" value="Add" ng-click="add()"><br>
Result: <input type="text" ng-model="result"
readonly="readonly"><br>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Example on Custom Factory – Module to Module:
<html>
<head>
<title>Angular JS - Custom Factories</title>
<style>
body, input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
<script>
var app1 = angular.module("mymodule1", [ ] );
var app2 = angular.module("mymodule2", [ "mymodule1" ] );
app1.factory("myfactory", fun1);
function fun1()
{
var temp = { };
temp.add = function(a, b)
{
return c;
}
temp.subtract = function(a, b)
{
return c;
}
return temp;
}
app2.controller("mycontroller", fun2);
function fun2($scope, myfactory)
{
$scope.result = "";

{
$scope.result = myfactory.add($scope.firstnumber,
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Angular JS Custom Factories - Module to Module</h2>
<div ng-app="mymodule2" ng-controller="mycontroller">
Result: <input type="text" ng-model="result"
readonly="readonly"><br>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Custom Services
Custom Services
• AngularJS services provide another way to create angularjs factories.
• AngularJS services are also set of re-usable functions (just like factories).
Sl. No Factory Service

1 Factory provides traditional Service provides “JavaScript class”
JavaScript syntax to create a syntax to create set of re-usable
set of re-usable functions. functions.
2 In factory, we have to create a In service, a temporary javascript object
temporary javascript object, will be created and returned
add functions to it and return automatically, and the same is
the same. represented as “this”.
3 Factories are “singleton”. That
means when we call the factory
for the first time, an object for
the factory will be created and
the same object will be
delivered when we call the
factory next time.
Syntaxes
Factory Service
app.factory(“factory name”, app.service(“service name”,
functionname); functionname);
function functionname( ) function functionname( )
{ {
var temp = { }; this.function1 = function( )
temp.function1 = function( ) {
{ code here
code here }

} ….
…. }
return temp;
}
Example on Custom Services

<html>
<head>
<title>Angular JS - Custom Services</title>
<style>
body, input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
<script>
app.service("myservice", fun1);
function fun1()
{
this.add = function(a, b)
{
return c;
}
this.subtract = function(a, b)
{
return c;
}
}
function fun2($scope, myservice)

{
$scope.result = "";
{
$scope.result = myservice.add($scope.firstnumber,
};
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Angular JS - Custom Services</h2>

Result: <input type="text" ng-model="result"><br>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Custom Filters
Custom Filters
• Filter receives a value, convert it into expected format and displays the same
in the output.
Steps for developing custom filters

• Create a filter:
app.filter(“filtername”, functionname);
{
return function(argument)
{
//do some manipulation with argument.
//return the result value.
}
}
• Call the filter in the expression:

{{ property | filter }}
Example on custom filters:

<html>
<head>
<title>Angular JS - Custom Filters</title>
<style>
body, input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>

<script>
app.filter("titlecase", fun1);
function fun1()
{
function fun2(value)
{
var temp = value[0].toString().toUpperCase() + value.slice(1);
return temp;
}
return fun2;
}
{
$scope.empname = "scott";
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Angular JS Custom Filters</h2>
{{empname | titlecase}}
</div>
</body>
</html>

Custom Providers
Custom Providers
• In angularjs, app.config( ) function is used to configure module level settings.
• A module can have only one app.config( ) function.
• The app.config( ) function will be called automatically, before each controller
of the module.
• The app.config( ) function contains the common configuration settings that
are applicable to all the controllers of the entire module.
• The app.config( ) function can access only “providers”. A provider can
represent an individual setting of app.config.
Steps for development of Custom Providers

• Create a provider:
app.provider(“provider name”, functionname1);
{
var variable = value;
this.setfunction = function(argument)
{
variable = argument;
};
this.$get = function( )
{
return { “functionname”: function( ) { … } } );
};
}
• Access the provider in app.config( ):

app.config(functionname2);
function functionname2(providernameProvider)

{
providernameProvider.setfunction(argument value);
• Access the provider in controller:

app.controller(“controller name”, functionname3);
function functionname3(providername)
providername.getfunction( );
Example on Custom Providers

<html>
<head>
<title>Angular JS - Custom Providers</title>
<style>
body, input
{
font-size: 30px;

}
</style>
<script>
//provider
app.provider("sample", fun1);
function fun1()
{
var message = "Hello";
this.setmessage = function(msg)
{
message = msg;
};
this.$get = function()
{
function fun2()
{
return message;
}
return { getmessage: fun2 };
};
}
//config
app.config(fun3);
function fun3(sampleProvider)
{
sampleProvider.setmessage("Hai");
//sampleProvider.setmessage("Good Morning");
}
//controller
function fun4($scope, sample)
{
$scope.username = "";
$scope.outputmessage = sample.getmessage();
}
</script>

</head>
<body>
<h2>Angular JS Custom Providers</h2>
Username:
<span>{{outputmessage}} to {{username}}</span>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Custom Directives
Custom Directives
• A “custom directive” represents a re-usable set of html tags, which can be
called in the view.
• We can pass model data and other parameters to the directive.
• Custom directives are user-defined html tags.
Steps for working with Custom Directives

• Create a directive in the module:
app.directive(“directive name”, fun1);
function fun1( )
{
var temp = { };
temp.restrict = “E | A | EA”;
temp.scope = { “property”: “value” };
temp.link = fun2;
function fun2($scope, element, attributes)

{
$scope.property
element.html(“content”);
element.css(“property”, “value”);
attributes.property
}
return temp;
}
• Call the directive in the view:

As Element: <directive></directive>
As Attribute: <tag directive></tag>

Example on Custom Directives
<html>
<head>
<title>Angular JS - Custom Directives</title>
<style>
body
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
<script>
//directive
app.directive("student", function()
{
var temp = { };
temp.restrict = "E"; //E | A | EA
temp.scope = { currentstudent : "=data" };
temp.link = function($scope, element, attributes)

{
element.html("Student name: <b>" +
$scope.currentstudent.studentname + "</b>, Age: <b>" +
$scope.currentstudent.age + "</b>");
element.css("border", "5px solid " + attributes.bordercolor);

element.css("background-color", attributes.backgroundcolor);
}
return temp;
});
//controller
app.controller("mycontroller", function($scope)
{
$scope.students = [
{ "studentid": 1, "studentname": "Scott", "age": 25 },

{ "studentid": 2, "studentname": "Allen", "age": 28 }
];
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Angular JS Custom Directives</h2>
<p><student data="students[0]" bordercolor="red"
backgroundcolor="yellow"></student></p>
<p><student data="students[1]" bordercolor="blue"
backgroundcolor="pink"></student></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Example 2 on Custom Directives

<html>
<head>
<title>Angular JS - Custom Directives 2</title>
<script>
//directive
app.directive("students", fun1);
function fun1()
{
var temp = { };
temp.restrict = "E";
temp.scope = { currentarray : "=data" };
temp.link = fun2;
function fun2($scope, element, attributes)

{
var s = "<table border='1' width='300px'>";
s = s + "<caption>" + attributes.caption + "</caption>";
for (i = 0; i < $scope.currentarray.length; i++)
{

s = s + "<tr> <td>" + $scope.currentarray[i].studentid + "</td>
<td>" + $scope.currentarray[i].studentname + "</td> <tr>";
}
s = s + "</table>";
element.html(s);
element.find("td").css("background-color", "skyblue");
element.find("td").css("padding", "10px");
element.find("td").css("border", "2px solid " +
attributes.bordercolor);
}
return temp;
}
//controller
{
$scope.students2015 =
[
{ "studentid": 1, "studentname": "Scott", "age": 25 },
{ "studentid": 2, "studentname": "Allen", "age": 28 }
];
$scope.students2016 =
[
{ "studentid": 3, "studentname": "Smith", "age": 24 },
{ "studentid": 4, "studentname": "Jones", "age": 26 }
];
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Angular JS Custom Directives</h2>
<p><students data="students2015" bordercolor="red"
caption="Students 2015"></students></p>
<p><students data="students2016" bordercolor="blue"
caption="Students 2016"></students></p>
</div>
</body>
</html>

Routing
Routing
• “Routing” concept is used to create “page navigation”.
• That means we will create links from one page to another page.
• We will create “one main page” + “many subpages”. Inside the “main page”,
“subpages” will appear.
• The main page contains html syntax tags like: <html>, <head>, <body> etc.
• The subpages will not contain html syntax tags; contains other normal tags.
• Syntax of address:
#/home
#/about
#/contact
etc.
Example on Routing
• Place “angular.js” and “angular-route.js” file in the current folder
(c:\angularjs).
index.html
<html ng-app="mymodule">
<head>
<title>Single Page Application</title>
<style>
body
{
font-size: 30px;
}
#div1
{
width: 100%;
height: 300px;
}

</style>
<script src="angular-route.js"></script>
<script>
var app = angular.module("mymodule", ["ngRoute"]);
app.controller("homecontroller", fun1);
{
}
app.controller("aboutcontroller", fun2);
{
}
app.controller("contactcontroller", fun3);
{
}
app.config(fun4);
function fun4($routeProvider)
{
$routeProvider.when("/home", { controller: "homecontroller",
templateUrl: "home.html" });
$routeProvider.when("/about", { controller: "aboutcontroller" ,
templateUrl: "about.html" });
$routeProvider.when("/contact", { controller:
"contactcontroller", templateUrl: "contact.html" });
$routeProvider.otherwise({ redirectTo: "/home" });
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Web site name here</h1>
<div id="navigation">
<a href="#/home">Home</a>
<a href="#/about">About</a>
<a href="#/contact">Contact</a>
</div>
<div id="div1" ng-view>
</div>

</body>
</html>
home.html
<p>Home page content here</p>
about.html
<p>About page content here</p>
contact.html
<p>Contact page content here</p>

Jasmine
Jasmine
• “Jasmine” is a “Unit Testing” framework, which is used to unit test the
angularjs controllers.
Downloading Jasmine
• Go to “https://github.com/jasmine/jasmine/releases”.
• Click on “jasmine-standalone-2.5.2.zip”.
• Extract the zip file.
• Copy the following files and folders from “extracted folder” (jasmine-
standalone-2.5.2) into the application folder “c:\angularjs”.
o lib (folder)
o SpecRunner.html

• Copy the following files from “extracted folder” (angular 1.6) into the
application folder “c:\angularjs”.
o angular.js
o angular-mocks.js
Importing files in SpecRunner.html


<script src=”angular.js”></script>
<script src=”angular-mocks.js”></script>


<script src=”module.js”></script>


<script src=”spec.js”></script>
Example 1 on Jasmine:
• Place “lib” folder, “ScriptRunner.html” file in “c:\angularjs” folder.
• Create “script.js”, “spec.js” files in “c:\angularjs” folder.
c:\angularjs\script.js
var x = 100;

c:\angularjs\spec.js
describe("Jasmine - First Example", function() {
it("x should be 100", function() {
expect(x).toBe(100);
});
});
c:\angularjs\SpecRunner.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Jasmine Spec Runner v2.5.2</title>
<link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="lib/jasmine-

2.5.2/jasmine_favicon.png">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="lib/jasmine-2.5.2/jasmine.css">
<script src="lib/jasmine-2.5.2/jasmine.js"></script>
<script src="lib/jasmine-2.5.2/jasmine-html.js"></script>
<script src="lib/jasmine-2.5.2/boot.js"></script>
<script src="script.js"></script>
<script src="spec.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
• Double click on “SpecRunner.html”.
• Place “angular.js”, “angular-mocks.js”, “lib” folder, “ScriptRunner.html” file in
“c:\angularjs” folder.
• Create “module.js”, “spec.js”, “index.html” files in “c:\angularjs” folder.

c:\angularjs\module.js
var app = angular.module("mymodule", [ ]);
{
$scope.message = "Hello";
}
<html>
<head>
<title>AngularJS - Index</title>
<style>
body,input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
#div1
{
padding: 10px;
margin: 10px;
}
</style>
<script src="module.js"></script>
</head>
<body ng-app="mymodule">
<h2>AngularJS</h2>
<div ng-controller="mycontroller" id="div1">
{{message}}
</div>
</body>
</html>

describe("Jasmine - Controller", function() {
beforeEach(module("mymodule"));
beforeEach(inject(function($controller)
{
controller = $controller("mycontroller", { $scope: scope });
})
);
var scope = {};

var controller;
it("message should be hello", function() {

expect(scope.message).toBe("Hello");
});
});
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<script src="angular-mocks.js"></script>
</head>
<body>

</body>
</html>
• Place “angular.js”, “angular-mocks.js”, “lib” folder, “ScriptRunner.html” file in
“c:\angularjs” folder.
• Create “module.js”, “spec.js”, “index.html” files in “c:\angularjs” folder.
c:\angularjs\module.js
{
$scope.username = null;
$scope.password = null;
$scope.msg = null;
$scope.login = function()
{
if ($scope.username == "admin" && $scope.password == "manager")
{
$scope.msg = "Successful login";
}
else
{
$scope.msg = "Invalid login";
}
};
}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
<title>AngularJS - Math</title>
<style>
body, input
{
font-size: 30px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
First number: <input type="text" ng-model="a"><br>
Second number: <input type="text" ng-model="b"><br>
<input type="button" value="Add" ng-click="add()">
<input type="button" value="Subtract" ng-click="subtract()">
<input type="button" value="Multiply" ng-click="multiply()">
<input type="button" value="Divide" ng-click="divide()">
<br>
Result: <span ng-bind="c"></span>
</div>
</body>
</html>
describe("Login test cases", function() {
beforeEach(module("mymodule"));
beforeEach(inject(function($controller)
{
controller = $controller("mycontroller", { $scope: scope });
})
);
var scope = {};

var controller;
it("Login - success - test case", function() {

scope.username = "admin";
scope.password = "manager";
scope.login();
expect(scope.msg).toBe("Successful login");
});
it("Login - fail - test case", function() {

scope.username = "fgdfg";
scope.password = "dfgdgeth";
scope.login();
expect(scope.msg).toBe("Invalid login");
});
});
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<script src="angular-mocks.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>

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• Web technologies: These are programming languages that are used to

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• Http: It is a protocol, which provides a set of rules to send request to server

• Http Request: It is a HTTP message sent from client to server.

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Click on “Download EditPlus Text Editor”

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Double click on “epp430_64bit.exe” file.

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Click on “Start Copy”.

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Click on “Enter Registration Code”.

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First Example in HTML:

• Go to “File” menu and click on “Save”.

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three four five

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Note: Place “img1.jpg” in the current folder.

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Example on internet links:

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Note: Place “vodafone.jpg”, “document1.docx”, “sample.pdf”, “rain.mp3”,

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Note: Place “vodafone.jpg” in the current folder.