HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

N.B: SOME QUESTIONS HAS MORE THAN ONE ANSWERS or NO ANSWERS

HTA: HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT

TOPIC 1: INTRODUCTIONS AND KEY DEFINITIONS

1. Regarding the health , the followings are true except

a. health is state of complete physical well-being

b. health is state of complete mental well-being
c. health is state of complete social well-being
d. nutrititional habits is the component of the health
e. spiritual and intellectual are not related to health

2. Regarding Health systems, the following are true except

a. All activities that promote, restore or maintain health
b. Improve the health of the population it serves
c. Respond to people’s expectations
d. Provide financial protection against the costs of ill-health
e. none

3. The following has an impact on Health technology

a. drugs
b. instruments
c. equipments
d. financing systems
e. all of the above

4. Regarding Health technology assessment , The following are true excepts

a. Multidisciplinary field of policy analysis
 b. it provides input to decision making in policy and practice
c. it is less focus on ethical and economic development
d. it studies diffusion and the use of health technology
e. it studies medical and social implications of development

5. the followings are the reasons of health system assessment excepts

a. Necessity to begin to rationalize health care technology
b. High expenditures for health care
c. Visibility of new technologies
d. Technical information needed by policymakers is frequently available in
the right form.
e. A policymaker cannot judge the merits or consequences of a technological
program within a strictly technical context

6. The following are the Health Technology Assessment methods exceps

a. synthesis
b. moderning data
c. primary data
d. secondary data
e. b and d

7. The following is(are) primary data method of HTA

a. experimental
b. social aspect
c. observation
d. cost benefit
e. cost effectiveness

8. The dimensions evaluation in Health Technology Assessment are

a. Health effects
b. Costs
c. Values
 d. all of the above

9. The following are the special/SPECIFIC parameters in HTA

a. Efficacy
b. effectiveness
c. Efficiency
d. Impact on health system
e. all of the above

10. Regarding Decision-making levels targeted by HTA, the following is the health
policy(macro)

a. acquisition
b. monitoring of utilization
c. regulation
d. practice guidelines
e. quality assessment and assurance

11. Regarding Decision-making levels targeted by HTA, the following is the

institutitional management (meso)
a. planning and organization of services
b. coverage and reimbursement
c. regulation
d. acquisition
e. practice guidelines

12.Regarding Decision-making levels targeted by HTA, the following is the

proffessional practice(micro)
a. practice guidelines
b. quality assessment and assurance
c. coverage and reimbursement
d. regulation
e. acquisition
13.aMacro level of health technology assessment is
a. evidence based policy
b. evidence based management
c. evidence based clinical practice
d. evidence based transport
e. a, b and c are the right answer

13b.Micro level of health technology assessment is

a. evidence based policy
b. evidence based management
c. evidence based clinical practice
d. evidence based transport
e. a, b and c are the right answer

13c.Macro level of health technology assessment is

a. evidence based policy
b. evidence based management
c. evidence based clinical practice
d. evidence based transport
e. a, b and c are the right answer

14.Regarding Economic evaluation , the folowing are false excepts

a. choosing the cheapest
b. The comparative analysis of alternative courses of action in terms of only
costs
c. the identificaton, measure, and comparison of the costs and outcomes of
interventions
d. economic evaluation is just economics
e. is multidisciplinary that combines only economics and medicines

15. The health economics is

 a. the science of assessing cost and benefits to make decisions about resource
use
b. the science of assessing cost and benefits to inform decisions about
resource use
c. aim to identify the most efficient so that the greatest amount of benefit
can be bought for a given amount of money or resources
d. a and c are correct
e. b and c are correct

16. Pharmacoeconomics is
a. Research that identifies, measures and compares the costs and the
Economics
b. Research that identifies, measures and compares Clinical and Humanistic
Outcomes of diseases
c. Research that identifies, measures and compares drug therapies and
programmes directed to these diseases
d. a branch of economics focus on the drug therapy
e. all are correct

17.T/F Pharmacoeconomic evaluation Description and analysis of the costs

and consequences of pharmaceutical products and services and their
impact on individuals, health care systems and society

18. mentions the principles of pharmacoeconomics evaluations

19. Regarding the pharmacoeconomics, the following is/are indirect cost

a. Morbidity and mortality
b. Drugs and Laboratory data
c. Health care and professional time
d. Hospitalization and Pain
e. Suffering and unhappiness
20. Regarding the pharmacoeconomics, the following is/are intangible cost
a. Morbidity and mortality
b. Drugs and Laboratory data
c. Health care andprofessional time
d. Hospitalization and loss of appetite
e. Suffering and unhappiness

21.Regarding the pharmacoeconomics, the following is/are direct cost

a. Morbidity and mortality
b. Drugs and Laboratory data
c. Health care and professional time
d. loss of appetite and revenue forgone
e. b and c are only correct

22.Regarding the pharmacoeconomics, the following is opportunistics cost

a. Morbidity and mortality
b. Drugs and Laboratory data
c. Health care and professional time
d. loss of appetite and revenue forgone
e. pain and suffering

23. the following are the technique used in the estimation of indirect non medical
cost
a. human capital
b. personal profit
c. willingness to pay
d. a and c
e. none of the above

24. emotional is
a. clinical outcome
b. humanistic outcome
 c. economic outcome
d. all above

25. survival is
a. humanistic outcome
b. clinical outcome
c. economic outcome
d. all of the above

26. the following is/are society prospective except

a. Customer perception of value
b. Clinical Cure
c. Cost
d. Productivity
e. Satisfaction with treatment process

27.the following is patient prospective except

a. Clinical Cure
b. Quality of life
c. Out-of-pocket
d. Cost
e. Satisfaction with treatment process

Topic 1 answers
1e,2e,3e,4c,5d not available,6e modeling not moderning,
7ac,8d,9e,10c, 11d,12ab,13a a,13b b,13c c,14c,15e,16e,17t,
18cost and consequence,19a,20e,21e,22e,
23d,24b,25b,26ae,

TOPIC 2: ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY

28. regarding health economics , the followig are true except
a. health economists need to understand the relationship between resources
used and health outcomes achieved by alternative options.
b. health economists need to compare the relationship between resources
used and health outcomes achieved by alternative options.
c. health economics aim to maximize the health of population given
constrained health producing resources.
d. Theoretical framework to help healthcare professionals
e. none is true

29.the following are the reasons of learning health economic evaluations except
a. The pressure of cost containment.
b. The need for methods to evaluate physical interventions.
c. Purpose of economic evaluation as efficiently allocate resources
d. a and c
e. b and c

30.The following are users of health economics evaluation except

a. individual health care provider
b. hospital managers
c. pharmaceutical company
d. governmental leadership
e. researchers

31. Ms. KAMANA went to medical clinics where the doctors choose to prescribe
amoxycilline generic instead of amoxy-denk because the doctors found that Ms
kamana has no medical insurance to afford amoxy-denk while the clinical
outcome is the same. what type of health economic evaluation is in this
statement.
a. cost utility analysis
b. cost minimization analysis
c. cost effectiveness analysis
 d. cost benefit analysis
e. cost of illness analysis

32. A business man come to the Y health center, where he got the direct transfer
to the hospital for the reasons of need quick recovery and come back to his
business. what the type of economic evaluation was applied
a. cost utility analysis
b. cost minimization analysis
c. cost effectiveness analysis
d. cost benefit analysis
e. cost of illness analysis

33. An X hospital pharmacy used to order the cheapest medicines monthly with
no intention of patient drug outcome . what is the type of health economics
evaluation are in applied in this statement
a. cost analysis
b. budget impact analysis
c. cost minimisation analysis
d. cost of illness analysis
e. cost benefit analysis

34.the following are the step in Process of Benefit Assessment

a. identification-measurement-valuation
b. valuation-identification-measurement
c. measurement-valuation-identification
d. valuation-measurement-identification
e. measurement-identification-valuation

35. the following method of health ecomomics evaluation, the outcome is

measured in terms of the natural or physical units and Only one domain of
outcomes can be explored at time.
a. cost utility analysis
b. cost effectiveness analysis
 c. cost minimization analysis
d. budget impacts analysis
e. cost of illness analyisis

36. the most commonly cost effectiveness ratios used, the following are true
except
a. incremental cost effectiviness ratio is used (=costB/effectiveB)
b. average cost effectiveness ratio is used ((CostB-costA)/(efB-EfA))
c. adopt the program when (a) is greater than ceiling ratio
d. adopt the program when (a) is equal to ceiling ratio
e. none

37.The following are expertise for conducting HTA except

a. librarians
b. biostatistians
c. patients
d. physicians
e. none

38.Non-monetary units that describes the desired objective like lives saved ,
disability days avoided, cases treated. the type of economic evaluation is
a. cost benefit analysis
b. cost effectiveness analysis
c. cost minimization analysis
d. cost utility analysis
e. cost of illness analysis

39. In the cost effectiveness analysis , there are the sources of the data for
effectiveness , the following are corresponded examples excepts
a. clinical trials like RCT
b. epidemiological studies like meta-analysis
c. systhesis method like meta analysis
d. a and c
 e. all of the above

40. Regarding the main categories of the health technology , the following are the
right corresponded examples except
a. drugs like antiobiotics
b. biologics like vaccines
c. devices , equipment and supplies like diagnostic test kit
d. public health programsscanner
e. support system like magnetic resonnance imaging

41. According to health care purpose , the technology should be grouped as

following excepts
a. prevention like immunization
b. screening like mammography
c. diagnosis like antiviral therapy
d. treatment like psychotherapy
e. palliation like medication for depression

42. the following are the purpose of health technology assessment except

a. Regulatory agencies about whether to permit the commercial use of a drug,

device or other regulated technology
b. Payers about technology coverage , coding and reimbursement
c. Clinicians and patients about the appropriate use of health care
interventions for a particular patient’s clinical needs and circumstances
d. Health professional associations about the role of a technology in clinical
protocols or practice guidelines
e. Hospitals, health care networks, group purchasing organizations, and other
health care organizations about decisions regarding technology acquisition
and management

43. Health outcome variables are used to measure the safety , efficacy and
effectiveness of the health technology , the following are main categories of the
health outcome except
a. mortality
b. functional status
c. morbidity
d. mobility
e. none

44. Regarding the cost utility analysis ,the following are true except
a. Tried to combine the quality and quantity of life in its outcome measures.
b. QALY is most commonly used outcome measure.
c. The outcomes are measured in healthy years, to which a value has been
attached.
d. Cost utility analysis is multidimensional and incorporates considerations of
quality without quantity of life.
e. none

45. Regarding the cost utility analysis ,the following are true except
a. DALYs for a disease are the sum of the years of life lost due to premature
mortality in the population.
b. DALYs for a disease are the sum of years of life lost due to disability.
c. One DALY represents the loss of two year of equivalent full health
d. DALY is Based on relatively accessible incidence data
e. none

46. The following are the partial health economic evaluation except
a. cost analysis
b. cost description
c. oucome description
d. effectiveness evaluation
e. none

47.The main method used in the health economic evaluation that is simpler is
a. cost effectiveness analysis
 b. cost minimization analysis
c. cost benefit analysis
d. cosf of illness analysis
e. cost utility analysis

48.Compared for the cost minimization , the following is most accurate and less
biased

a. cost effectiveness analysis

b. cost minimization analysis
c. cost benefit analysis
d. cosf of illness analysis
e. cost utility analysis

Topic 2 answers
28e,29b medical intervention,30a,31b,32d,33a,34a,35b,36c,37e,38b,39b,40e,41c uberculin
used in screening,42none,43d adverse event, quality of life,patient satisfaction,44d consider
quality and quantity, 45c,46none,47b,48a