TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...............................................................................................................1-1

1.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................1-1

1.2 Project Road Description.............................................................................................................1-1

1.3 Project Road Terrain...................................................................................................................1-3

1.4 Existing Road Geometrics...........................................................................................................1-3

1.5 Existing Pavement Condition......................................................................................................1-4

1.6 Existing Right of way..................................................................................................................1-4

1.7 Junctions & Cross Roads.............................................................................................................1-4

1.8 Existing Traffic Pattern...............................................................................................................1-4

1.9 Cross Drainage Structures...........................................................................................................1-5

1.10 Roadside trees.............................................................................................................................1-5

1.11 Improvement Proposals to the Road Stretch................................................................................1-5

1.11.1 Widening Proposals.....................................................................................................................1-5

1.11.2 Service Roads & Slip Roads......................................................................................................1-12

1.11.3 Provision of Underpasses..........................................................................................................1-13

1.11.4 Improvements to Junctions........................................................................................................1-15

1.11.5 Improvements to CD structures.................................................................................................1-18

1.11.6 Toll Plaza, Wayside Amenities and Truck lay bay....................................................................1-18

1.11.7 Land acquisition........................................................................................................................1-19

1.12 Methodology.............................................................................................................................1-19

1.12.1 Survey of India Bench Mark.....................................................................................................1-19

1.12.2 Engineering Surveys and Investigations....................................................................................1-20

1.13 Socio-Economic Profile.............................................................................................................1-20

1.14 Design Standards.......................................................................................................................1-20

1.15 Traffic Surveys..........................................................................................................................1-20

1.15.1 Classified Traffic Volume.........................................................................................................1-20

1.15.2 Traffic Analysis and Forecast....................................................................................................1-21

1.15.3 Traffic Projections.....................................................................................................................1-21

1.16 Pavement Option Study.............................................................................................................1-22

1.16.1 Flexible Pavement - New Construction.....................................................................................1-22

1.17 Material Survey and Investigation.............................................................................................1-23

1.18 Environmental screening and preliminary Environmental assessment......................................1-24

1.19 Initial social assessment & preliminary land acquisition / resettlement plan.............................1-24

1.20 Safety Audit..............................................................................................................................1-24

1.21 Cost Estimate............................................................................................................................1-24

1.22 Financial Analysis.....................................................................................................................1-27

1.22.1 Assumptions..............................................................................................................................1-27

1.22.2 Results.......................................................................................................................................1-28

1.23 Economic Analysis....................................................................................................................1-28

1.23.1 Stages of Economic Analysis....................................................................................................1-29

1.23.2 Project Benefits.........................................................................................................................1-29

1.24 Conclusions...............................................................................................................................1-30

2 OVERVIEW OF NHAI ORGANIZATION & ACTIVITIES, PROJECT FINANCING AND COST

RECOVERY MECHANISMS..........................................................................................................2-1

2.1 NHAI Establishment...................................................................................................................2-1

2.2 NHAI Vision...............................................................................................................................2-1

2.3 NHAI Mandate............................................................................................................................2-1

2.4 NHAI Organization.....................................................................................................................2-5

2.5 Finance Mechanisms...................................................................................................................2-5

2.5.1 The Government of India-Budgetary Allocation.........................................................................2-5

2.5.2 Loan Assistance from International Funding Agencies...............................................................2-5

2.5.3 Market Borrowing.......................................................................................................................2-5

2.5.4 Private Sector Participation.........................................................................................................2-6

2.6 Cost Recovery Mechanism..........................................................................................................2-6

3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION INCLUDING POSSIBLE ALTERNATIVE ALIGNMENT / BYPASSES AND

TECHNICAL / ENGINEERING ALTERNATIVES............................................................................3-1

3.1 Project Road Description.............................................................................................................3-1

3.2 Existing Project Road..................................................................................................................3-3

3.3 Terrain.........................................................................................................................................3-3

3.4 Climate & Geographic Position...................................................................................................3-3

3.5 Land use......................................................................................................................................3-4

3.6 Soil Characteristics......................................................................................................................3-4

3.7 Present alignment and Geometric................................................................................................3-4

3.8 Existing Pavement Conditions.....................................................................................................3-4

3.9 Right of way................................................................................................................................3-6

3.10 Utilities........................................................................................................................................3-8

3.11 River crossing & Water Bodies along the Project Road..............................................................3-9

3.12 Public Buildings along the project road stretch...........................................................................3-9

3.13 Intersection and Junctions.........................................................................................................3-15

3.14 Existing Traffic Pattern.............................................................................................................3-17

3.15 Railway Crossing......................................................................................................................3-17

3.16 Cross Drainage Structures.........................................................................................................3-17

3.17 Availability of Construction Materials......................................................................................3-20

3.18 Proposed Cross sections............................................................................................................3-21

3.19 Alignment..................................................................................................................................3-22
3.20 Widening Proposals...................................................................................................................3-22

3.21 Proposed Pavement...................................................................................................................3-24

3.22 Service Roads............................................................................................................................3-25

3.23 Provision of Flyover..................................................................................................................3-25

3.24 Improvements to Junctions........................................................................................................3-27

3.25 Improvements of CD structures.................................................................................................3-28

3.26 Roadside Drainage....................................................................................................................3-32

3.27 Street Lighting...........................................................................................................................3-32

3.28 Bus Shelter................................................................................................................................3-33

3.29 Land acquisition........................................................................................................................3-34

3.30 Arboriculture and Landscaping.................................................................................................3-34

3.31 Project Proposals / Conclusion..................................................................................................3-34

4 METHODOLOGY ADOPTED FOR FEASIBILITY REPORT.............................................................4-1

4.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................4-1

4.2 Data collection............................................................................................................................4-1

4.3 Field reconnaissance....................................................................................................................4-1

4.4 Traffic surveys............................................................................................................................4-1

4.4.1 Data collection............................................................................................................................4-1

4.4.2 Location of traffic surveys...........................................................................................................4-1

4.4.3 Survey team.................................................................................................................................4-1

4.4.4 Traffic survey..............................................................................................................................4-1

4.4.5 Correction for temperature..........................................................................................................4-2

4.4.6 Correction for seasonal variation.................................................................................................4-2

4.5 Inventory Survey.........................................................................................................................4-3

4.6 Inventory & condition survey of bridges & culverts....................................................................4-4

4.7 GPS control pillars......................................................................................................................4-4

4.8 Detailed Topographic survey.......................................................................................................4-4

4.9 Road and pavement investigation................................................................................................4-5

4.10 Pavement composition................................................................................................................4-6

4.11 Subgrade investigations...............................................................................................................4-6

4.12 Material Investigation..................................................................................................................4-7

4.13 Geo technical investigations........................................................................................................4-7

5 SOCIO ECONOMIC PROFILE OF THE PROJECT INFLUENCE AREA AND STATE......................5-1

5.1 Overall Approach........................................................................................................................5-1

5.2 Introduction.................................................................................................................................5-1

5.2.1 Location and Area.......................................................................................................................5-1

5.2.2 Population...................................................................................................................................5-3

5.2.3 Literacy Rate...............................................................................................................................5-4

5.2.4 Sex Ratio.....................................................................................................................................5-5

5.2.5 Sex ratio (age group 0-6 years)....................................................................................................5-5

5.3 Employment Structure.................................................................................................................5-6

5.4 Economy.....................................................................................................................................5-7

5.4.1 Contribution to GSDP by Sectors at Constant Prices..................................................................5-8

5.5 Economic Sectors........................................................................................................................5-9

5.5.1 Agriculture..................................................................................................................................5-9

5.5.2 Rainfall......................................................................................................................................5-10

5.5.3 Land Use Pattern.......................................................................................................................5-11

5.5.4 Irrigation....................................................................................................................................5-12

5.5.5 Cropping Pattern and Production...............................................................................................5-13

5.5.6 Fisheries....................................................................................................................................5-13

5.5.7 Industry.....................................................................................................................................5-14

5.5.8 Small scale Industries................................................................................................................5-15

5.5.9 Textile.......................................................................................................................................5-15

5.6 Transport...................................................................................................................................5-16

5.7 Tourism.....................................................................................................................................5-18

5.8 Position of Tamil Nadu in Tourists Arrival...............................................................................5-21

5.9 Recent Developments................................................................................................................5-22

5.10 Project Influence Area – Madurai and Dindigul District...........................................................5-23

5.11 Plans and Policies of the state....................................................................................................5-24

5.11.1 Five-Year Plan (2012 – 2017)...................................................................................................5-24

6 INDICATIVE DESIGN STANDARDS, METHODOLOGIES AND SPECIFICATIONS...........................6-1

6.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................6-1

6.2 Geometric Design Standards.......................................................................................................6-2

6.3 Pavement Design.........................................................................................................................6-4

6.3.1 Pavement option study................................................................................................................6-6

6.4 Design of Embankment...............................................................................................................6-6

6.5 Design standards for structures....................................................................................................6-7

6.6 Design standards for drainage system.........................................................................................6-9

6.7 Traffic safety features, road furniture & road marking................................................................6-9

6.8 Design Standards for Bridges and Culverts...............................................................................6-10

6.9 Typical Cross - Sections............................................................................................................6-15

7 TRAFFIC SURVEYS AND ANALYSIS............................................................................................7-1

7.1 General........................................................................................................................................7-1

7.2 Objectives of the Traffic Surveys................................................................................................7-1

7.3 Traffic Surveys............................................................................................................................7-2

7.4 Traffic survey locations...............................................................................................................7-2

7.5 Classification system...................................................................................................................7-3

7.6 Classified traffic volume counts..................................................................................................7-6

7.6.1 Methodology...............................................................................................................................7-6

7.6.2 Types of Traffic Counts...............................................................................................................7-6

7.6.3 Objective.....................................................................................................................................7-8

7.6.4 Analysis of data...........................................................................................................................7-8

7.6.5 PCU Equivalent factors...............................................................................................................7-9

7.6.6 Variation in traffic.......................................................................................................................7-9

7.6.7 Daily variation of traffic volume...............................................................................................7-10

7.6.8 Traffic composition...................................................................................................................7-10

7.6.9 Directional distribution of traffic...............................................................................................7-11

7.6.10 Seasonal Correction Factor........................................................................................................7-11

7.6.11 Average daily traffic volume (ADT).........................................................................................7-12

7.6.12 Traffic Growth and Projections.................................................................................................7-12

7.6.13 Traffic Growth Rate Estimation................................................................................................7-13

7.6.14 Past registration of vehicles.......................................................................................................7-14

7.6.15 Elasticity of Transport Demand.................................................................................................7-19

7.6.16 NSDP, GDP, and Per capital income.........................................................................................7-20

7.6.17 Transport Demand Elasticity.....................................................................................................7-23

7.6.18 Traffic forecasting methodology...............................................................................................7-23

7.6.19 Projected Traffic Growth...........................................................................................................7-24

7.6.20 Economic Indicators..................................................................................................................7-25

7.6.21 Projected traffic volume............................................................................................................7-28

7.7 Turning movement survey.........................................................................................................7-28

7.7.1 Objective...................................................................................................................................7-28

7.7.2 Methodology.............................................................................................................................7-29

7.7.3 Results & Analysis....................................................................................................................7-29

7.8 Capacity and Level of Service...................................................................................................7-34

7.8.1 Hourly Capacity........................................................................................................................7-34

7.9 Intersection Improvement Standards.........................................................................................7-35

7.9.1 Intersection Improvement Proposals.........................................................................................7-35

7.10 Speed and delay survey.............................................................................................................7-44

7.10.1 Methodology.............................................................................................................................7-44

7.11 Axle Load Survey......................................................................................................................7-45

7.11.1 Objective of the study................................................................................................................7-45

7.11.2 Methodology.............................................................................................................................7-45

7.11.3 Formula used for Vehicle Damage Factor (VDF)......................................................................7-46

7.12 Origin – Destination and commodity movement survey............................................................7-47

7.13 Justification for Connectivity from Natham to Thuvarankurichi...............................................7-55

7.14 Conclusions & Recommendations.............................................................................................7-56

8 PAVEMENT COMPOSITION.........................................................................................................8-1

8.1 Proposed Design of Pavements...................................................................................................8-1

8.2 Pavement Design Methods..........................................................................................................8-1

8.3 Pavement Design Considerations................................................................................................8-2

8.3.1 Design Life - 15years..................................................................................................................8-2

8.3.2 Design traffic...............................................................................................................................8-2

8.4 Flexible Pavement Design for New Construction........................................................................8-3

8.4.1 Assumed Pavement thickness Detail for Main Carriageway.......................................................8-4

8.4.2 Determination of Resilient Modulus...........................................................................................8-4

8.4.3 Determination of Tensile Strain at the Bottom of Bituminous Layer (FATIGUEMODEL).......8-5

8.5 Computation of Strain Using IIT Pave (For 10% CBR)..............................................................8-6

9 MATERIALS SURVEY AND INVESTIGATIONS..............................................................................9-1

9.1 General........................................................................................................................................9-3

9.2 Objective.....................................................................................................................................9-3
9.3 Methodology for field tests.........................................................................................................9-4

9.4 Testing procedures......................................................................................................................9-6

9.4.3 Field CBR using Dynamic Cone Penetration Test.....................................................................9-13

9.4.4 Investigation of Soil along Alignment.......................................................................................9-20

10 ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING AND PRELIMINARY ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT............10-1

10.1 Introduction...............................................................................................................................10-1

10.2 Project Description....................................................................................................................10-1

10.3 Existing Environmental Features...............................................................................................10-2

10.3.1 Environmental Assessment........................................................................................................10-4

10.3.2 Methodology for EIA................................................................................................................10-4

10.4 Baseline Environmental Scenario..............................................................................................10-5

10.4.1 Meteorological Parameters........................................................................................................10-5

10.4.2 Terrain and Land use.................................................................................................................10-5

10.4.3 Present alignment and Geometric..............................................................................................10-5

10.4.4 Environmental screening...........................................................................................................10-5

10.4.5 Soil and Topography.................................................................................................................10-6

10.4.6 Air quality.................................................................................................................................10-7

10.4.7 Water Environment...................................................................................................................10-7

10.4.8 Noise level.................................................................................................................................10-8

10.4.9 Groundwater Scenario...............................................................................................................10-8

10.4.10 Water level................................................................................................................................10-9

10.4.11 Ground Water Resources.........................................................................................................10-12

10.4.12 Ecological Resources...............................................................................................................10-14

10.4.12.1 Flora.................................................................................................................................10-14

10.4.12.2 Fauna................................................................................................................................10-15

10.4.12.3 Wild life............................................................................................................................10-15

10.4.12.4 Forests..............................................................................................................................10-15

10.4.12.5 Rare or endangered species...............................................................................................10-15

10.4.12.6 Protected areas..................................................................................................................10-15

10.4.12.7 Coastal Resources.............................................................................................................10-15

10.5 Economic Development..........................................................................................................10-15

10.5.1 Industries.................................................................................................................................10-16

10.5.2 Infrastructure Facilities............................................................................................................10-16

10.6 Social and Cultural resources..................................................................................................10-16

10.6.1 Demography............................................................................................................................10-16

10.7 Land use..................................................................................................................................10-17

10.7.1 Physical / cultural heritage......................................................................................................10-21

10.8 Social Impact Assessment.......................................................................................................10-21

10.8.1 Present socio economic scenario.............................................................................................10-21

10.8.2 Land acquisition......................................................................................................................10-22

10.8.3 Magnitude of impact...............................................................................................................10-22

10.8.4 Social impacts.........................................................................................................................10-22

11 INITIAL SOCIAL ASSESSMENT AND PRELIMINARY LAND ACQUISITION / RESETTLEMENT

PLAN.........................................................................................................................................11-1

11.1 Introduction...............................................................................................................................11-1

11.1.1 Project Description....................................................................................................................11-1

11.1.2 Expected project benefits..........................................................................................................11-1

11.1.3 Negative impacts.......................................................................................................................11-2

11.2 Resettlement & Rehabilitation action plan................................................................................11-2

11.3 Need for settlement action plan.................................................................................................11-2

11.4 R & R principles and guidelines................................................................................................11-3

11.5 Entitlement frame works...........................................................................................................11-4

11.6 Project road description.............................................................................................................11-5

11.6.1 Location....................................................................................................................................11-5

11.6.2 Project proposals.......................................................................................................................11-5

11.7 LA proposals.............................................................................................................................11-6

11.8 Vulnerable group.......................................................................................................................11-7

11.9 Efforts to minimise / eliminate displacement............................................................................11-8

11.10 Income Restoration.................................................................................................................11-9

11.11 Key elements of Resettlement Action Plan (RAP)...............................................................11-10

11.12 Impact assessment................................................................................................................11-10

11.12.1 Magnitude of impact...............................................................................................................11-10

11.12.2 Type of impact........................................................................................................................11-11

11.13 Entitlements..........................................................................................................................11-12

11.14 Roles & Responsibilities.......................................................................................................11-12

11.14.1 NHAI Corporate......................................................................................................................11-12

11.14.2 Project implementation unit.....................................................................................................11-13

11.14.3 District level committees (DLC).............................................................................................11-14

11.14.4 Resettlement coordination committees (RCC).........................................................................11-14

11.14.5 Grievance Redress Cell...........................................................................................................11-15

11.14.6 Role of NGO’s........................................................................................................................11-15

11.15 Co-ordination with other agencies........................................................................................11-17

11.16 Recommendations................................................................................................................11-17

12. COST ESTIMATE.......................................................................................................................12-1

12.1 Introduction...............................................................................................................................12-1

12.2 Methodology.............................................................................................................................12-1

12.3 Major heads...............................................................................................................................12-2

12.4 Specification..............................................................................................................................12-2
13 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS...............................................................................................................13-1

13.1 Introduction...............................................................................................................................13-1

13.2 Methodology of the analysis......................................................................................................13-1

13.3 Stages of Economic Analysis....................................................................................................13-2

13.3.1 Definition of Road Networks....................................................................................................13-2

13.3.2 Definition of vehicle fleet and their characteristics...................................................................13-2

13.3.3 Routine and Periodic Maintenance cost.....................................................................................13-4

13.3.4 Analysis of the Project...............................................................................................................13-4

13.4 Project cost................................................................................................................................13-5

13.5 Project Benefits.........................................................................................................................13-5

13.6 Result of Economic Analysis....................................................................................................13-6

13.7 Sensitivity Analysis...................................................................................................................13-7

13.8 Conclusion.................................................................................................................................13-7

14 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS...............................................................................................................14-1

14.1 Background...............................................................................................................................14-1

14.2 Introduction...............................................................................................................................14-1

14.3 Privatization..............................................................................................................................14-2

14.4 Privatization of Infrastructure Projects......................................................................................14-3

14.5 Factors driving Private Sector Participation in Infrastructure....................................................14-3

14.6 Structure of Public / Private Partnerships..................................................................................14-4

14.7 Private Toll Roads.....................................................................................................................14-5

14.8 The Process of BOT Project......................................................................................................14-5

14.9 Advantages and Challenges of the BOT Approach...................................................................14-6

14.10 Risks with BOT Projects........................................................................................................14-7

14.11 Factors Increasing Success of BOT Projects..........................................................................14-8

14.12 Approaches to Financial Evaluation.....................................................................................14-10

14.13 Cost of the project................................................................................................................14-10

14.14 Cost Escalation.....................................................................................................................14-11

14.15 Interest during construction (IDC)........................................................................................14-11

14.16 Tax Calculation Module.......................................................................................................14-11

14.16.1 Tax Rate..................................................................................................................................14-11

14.16.2 Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT)..............................................................................................14-11

14.16.3 Tax Exemption (Under Section 80 IA)....................................................................................14-11

14.17 Proposed Sources of Finance................................................................................................14-11

14.18 Expenses...............................................................................................................................14-12

14.19 Operation and Maintenance Cost..........................................................................................14-12

14.20 Resource Mobilization Schedule..........................................................................................14-13

14.21 Minimum Return Criteria.....................................................................................................14-13

14.22 Concession Period................................................................................................................14-13

14.23 Financial Viability................................................................................................................14-13

14.24 Results and Analysis.............................................................................................................14-14

14.24.1 Profitability Statement and Cash Flow....................................................................................14-15

14.24.2 Project Cash Flow...................................................................................................................14-16

14.25 Conclusion............................................................................................................................14-16

15 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS................................................................................15-1

15.1 General......................................................................................................................................15-1

15.2 Conclusions...............................................................................................................................15-1

15.3 Recommendations.....................................................................................................................15-1