A.P.

Calculus BC Formulas 2005-2006

Hanford High School, Richland, Washington revised 3/8/06


1. floor function (def) Greatest integer that is less than or equal to x.

2. x (graph)

3. ceiling function (def) Least integer that is greater than or equal to x.

4. x (graph)

5. a 3  b3  ba  bgca 2
h
 ab  b 2

6. a 3  b3  ba  bgca 2
 ab  b h
2

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 1
7. f ( x)  (graph)
x
3

-3 -2 -1 0 1 x 2 3

-1

-2

-3

ln x
8. p34 Change of base rule for logs: log a x 
ln a

 x  h   y  k   r2
2 2
9. Circle formula:

 x  h  4p y  k
2
10. Parabola formula:

x2 y2
11. Ellipse formula:  1 c  a 2  b2
a 2 b2

x2 y2
12. Hyperbola formula:  1 c  a 2  b2
a 2 b2

c
13. eccentricity: e
a

14. sin 2 x  cos2 x  1

15. 1  tan 2 x  sec 2 x

16. 1  cot 2 x  csc 2 x

17. b g
sin u  v  sin u  cos v  cos u  sin v

18. cosb
u  v g cos u  cos v sin u  sin v

19. b g
tan u  v 
tan u  tan v
1tan u  tan v

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20. sin(2u)  2 sin u  cos u

21. cos( 2u)  cos2 u  sin 2 u

2 tan u
22. tan( 2u) 
1  tan 2 u

1  cos 2u
23. sin 2 u 
2

1  cos 2u
24. cos2 u 
2

1  cos 2u
25. tan 2 u 
1  cos 2u

26. sin u  sin v 

1
2
b g b g
cos u  v  cos u  v

27. cos u  cos v 

1
2
b g b g
cos u  v  cos u  v

28. sin u  cos v 

1
2
b g b g
sin u  v  sin u  v

29. cos u  sin v 

1
2
b g b g
sin u  v  sin u  v

a b c
30. p581 law of sines:  
sin A sin B sin C

31. p581 law of cosines: c 2  a 2  b 2  2ab cos C

1
32. p581 area of triangle using trig. Area  ac sin B
2

x2 y 2
33. p27 parameterization of ellipse:   1 becomes x  a cos t , y  b sin t
a 2 b2

sin x
34. p57 lim 1
x 0 x

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 sin x
35. p67 lim 0
x  x

36. p79 Intermediate Value Theorem If a function is continuous between a and b ,

then it takes on every value between f (a ) and
f (b) .

f ( x  h)  f ( x )
37. p95 definition of derivative f ( x )  lim
h 0 h

d
38. p112 ( c)  0
dx

39.
d
dx
bg
x  1

40. p113
d
dx
bg
cu  cu

d n
41. u  nu n1u 
dx

42. p114
d
dx
b g
uv  u  v 

d
43. p115 (uv )  uv   vu 
dx

d uF
G IJ vu   uv 
44. p117
HK
dx v

v2

d
45. p135 sin u  cosu  u 
dx

d
46. p136 cos u   sin u  u 
dx

d
47. p138 tan u  sec 2 u  u 
dx

d
48. p138 cot u   csc 2 u  u 
dx

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 d
49. p138 sec u  sec u  tan u  u 
dx

d
50. p138 csc u   csc u  cot u  u 
dx

dy
dy
51. p144 slope of parametrized curve:  dt
dx dx
dt

df 1 1

52. p157 derivative formula for inverses dx x f (a)
df
dx xa

d u
53. p159 sin 1 u 
dx 1  u2

d u
54. cos 1 u 
dx 1  u2

d u
55. p159 tan 1 u 
dx 1  u2

d u
56. cot -1 u 
dx 1  u2

d u
57. p160 sec-1 u  u 1
dx u u2 1

d u 
58. csc -1 u  u 1
dx u u2 1


59. p161 cot 1 ( x )   tan 1  x 
2

F
G1I
60. p161 sec 1 ( x )  cos1
Hx JK
F
G1I
61. p161 csc 1 ( x )  sin 1
Hx JK
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 d u
62. p164 e  euu
dx

d 1
63. p166 ln u  u
dx u

d u
64. a  a u ln a  u 
dx

65. p178 Extreme Value Theorem If f is continuous over a closed interval, then
f has a maximum and minimum value over
that interval.

66. p186 Mean Value Theorem If f ( x ) is a differentiable function over a , b ,

(for derivatives) then at some point between a and b :
f (b)  f (a )
 f  ( c)
ba

67. p221 linearization formula L( x )  f ( a )  f ( a )  ( x  a )

xn 1  xn 
bg
f xn
68. p223 Newton’s Method
bg
f  xn

69. p269  k  f  u du  k  f  u  du

70. p269 z f ( u)  g (u) du  z z

f (u)du  g (u)du

71. p272 Mean Value Theorem If f is continuous on  a, b  , then at some

1 b
point c in  a, b  , f  c   f  x  dx
b  a a
(for definite integrals)

d u
dx a
72. p277 First fundamental theorem: f (t )dt  f (u )  u

73. p290 Trapezoidal Rule: T

h
2
b
y0  2 y1  2 y2 ...2 yn 1  yn g
74. p292 Simpson’s Rule: S
h
3
b
y0  4 y1  2 y2 ...2 yn 2  4 yn 1  yn g
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75. zdu  uc

76. p315 zu n du 
u n1
n 1
c n  1

77. p317  sin u du   cosu  c

78. p317  cos u du  sin u  c

 sec u du 
2
79. p317 tan u  c

 csc
2
80. p317 u du  cot u  c

81. p317  sec u  tan u du  sec u  c

82. p317  csc u  cot u du   csc u  c

83. z1
u
du  ln u  c

84. ze u du  eu  c

85. za u du 
1 u
ln a
a c

86.  tan u du   ln cosu  c

87.  cot u du  ln sin u  c

88.  sec u du  ln sec u  tan u  c

89.  csc u du   ln csc u  cot u  c

90. z a u
du
2 2
 arcsin
u
a
c

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91. z du
a  u2
2

1
a
u
arctan  c
a

92. z du
u u a
2 2
 1
a
arcsec
u
a
c

93. p323 Integration by parts: z udv  uv  vdu z

94. p323 order for choosing u in LIPET  logs, inverse trig., polynomial,
integration by parts: exponential, trig.

95. p330 exponential change: y  y0e kt

ln 2
96. p332 half-life
k

97. continuous compound interest: A(t )  Ao e rt

dP K
98. p343 logistics differential equation:  P  M  P
dt M

M
99. p343 logistics growth model P
1  Ae  kt

surface area about x axis (Cartesian): S   2 y 1    dx

b dy
100. p389
a
 dx 

2
b  dy 
101. p397 length of curve (Cartesian): L 1    dx
a
 dx 

102. Mr. Kelly’s e-mail address: Greg_Kelly@rsd.edu

ln n
103. p417 lim  0
n  n

104. lim n n  1
n 

1
105. lim x n  1
n 

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106. lim x n 
n
0 cx  1h
F1  x IJ 
limG
n

107.
nH nK ex

xn
108. lim  0
n n !

n
n(n  1)
109. k 
k 1 2

n
n(n  1)(2n  1)
110. k
k 1
2

6

F
Gn(n  1) I
2

H 2 JK
n
111. k
k 1
3


ac1 r h n
112. partial sum of geometric series: S  n
1 r


a
113. p459 What series?  ar
n 1
n 1
geometric, converges to
1 r
if r  1

f (0) 2 f (0) 3
114. p473 Maclaurin Series: P ( x )  f (0)  f (0) x  x  x ...
2! 3!

115. p475 Taylor Series: P( x )  f (a )  f (a )( x  a ) 

f (a )
2!
b g
xa
2

3!
b g
f (a ) 3
x  a ...

1 1
116. p477 Maclaurin Series for  1  x  x 2  x 3 ...
1 x 1 x

1 1
117. p477 Maclaurin Series for  1  x  x 2  x 3 ...
1 x 1 x

x2 x3 x4
118. p477 Maclaurin Series for e x ex  1 x    ...
2 ! 3! 4 !

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 x3 x5 x7
119. p477 Maclaurin Series for sin x sin x  x    ...
3! 5! 7 !

x2 x4 x6
120. p477 Maclaurin Series for cos x cos x  1    ...
2 ! 4! 6!

x2 x3 x4
121. p477 Maclaurin Series for ln(1 x ) ln(1  x )  x    ...
2 3 4

x3 x5 x7
122. p477 Maclaurin Series for tan
1
 x : tan 1 ( x )  x    ...
3 5 7

f  n 1  c 
Rn  x    x  a
n 1
123. p482 Lagrange form of remainder
 n  1 !
M
Rn  x  
n 1
124. p483 Remainder Estimation Theorem xa
 n  1 !

1
125. p484 What series?  n!
n0
reciprocal of factorials, converges to e

 bb  b g

126. p494 What series? n n 1 telescoping series, converges to b1  lim
n 
bn 1
n 1


1
127. p497 What series? n
n1
p
p series, converges if p  1


1
128. p498 What series? n
n1
harmonic, diverges

 b1g

n 1 1
129. p500 What series? alternating harmonic, converges
n 1 n

dy 
d2y
130. p514 2nd deriv. of parametrized curve:  dt
dx 2 dx
dt

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 Fdx I Fdy I
L  z G J  G J dt
b
2 2
131. p514 length of curve (parametric):
Hdt K Hdt K
a

zb F
Gdx I F
J dy I
2

 G J dt
2
132. p517 surface area (parametric): S
a
2y
Hdt K Hdt K
133. p532 position vector (standard form): r  t  f  t i  g  t j h t k

134. p533 speed from velocity vector: speed = v t bg

velocity vector v t

bg
135. p533 direction from velocity vector: direction =
speed vt bg
136. p555 polar to Cartesian: x  r cos , y  r sin 

x  xo   vo cos   t
137. p543 trajectory equations: 1
y  yo   vo sin   t  gt 2
2

r  sin   r cos
138. p560 slope of polar graph: slope at (r , ) 
r  cos  r sin 

139. slope of polar graph at origin: slope = tan 

140. p562 area inside polar curve: A z


1 2
2
r d

z F
Gdr I
2

Hd JKd

141. p564 length of curve (polar): L r2 


z Fdr I
 G J d
2

S 2r sin  r
Hd K
2
142. p565 surface area (polar):


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