Mathematics S1 - Tutorial Solutions-Functions and Trig Equations.

1. . Given fx = e 2x+1 and and gx = x−1 4

where x ≠ 1, then fg −1 7 =. . . . . . . . .
Solution: Start with gx : y = x−1
4

g −1 x : x = y−1
4
Interchange x and y
y − 1 = 4x
y = 4x + 1
Now substitute x = 7 : Thus g −1 7 = 47 + 1 = 117
fg −1 7 = f 117  = e 2 7 +1 = e 7
11 29
Therefore

2. If fx = 13 e 2x − 1, then find f −1 x.

Solution: fx : y = 13 e 2x − 1
f −1 x : x = 13 e 2y − 1 Transform the equation to y
3x = e 2y − 1 Isolate the exponential term containing y
3x + 1 = e 2y Introduce logs.
2y = ln3x + 1
1
y = 12 ln3x + 1 = ln3x + 1 2 = ln 3x + 1

3. Find the solution of sin 3x = sin x, in radians.

Solution: sin 3x − sin x = 0 Type 3
2 sin 2 cos 2 = 0
3x−x 3x+x
Use Sum and Difference formulae
2 sin x cos 2x = 0
Either sin x = 0 or cos 2x = 0
−1
x = sin 0 2x = cos −1 0
x = 0 + kπ 2x = π2 + kπ
x = kπ x = π4 + k π2

4. Solve for x : cos 2x − 3 cos x = −1

(2 cos 2 x − 1 − 3 cos x + 1 = 0 [Appropriate double angle formula
2 cos x − 3 cos x = 0
2

cos x2 cos x − 3 = 0 [Factorise-common factor,grouping,trinomial,etc

Either cos x = 0 or 2 cos x − 3 = 0
−1
x = cos 0 cos x = 32 [Amplitude of cosine graph is 1 : −1 ≤ cos x ≤ 1
x = π2 + kπ No solution
5.1. Write 2 sin θ + 3 cos θ in the form R sinθ + α.
Solution: Type 4 trig equation,i.e. a sin θ + b cos θ = c Thus a = 2, b = 3
Use auxiliary angle diagram: R = a + b = 2 + 3 = 13
2 2 2 2

and α = tan −1  ba  = tan −1  32  = 0, 9828 [Calculator in radian

mode.
Thus 2 sin θ + 3 cos θ = 13 sinθ + 0, 9828
 5.2. Hence solve for θ if 2 sin θ + 3 cos θ = −3
Solution:From 5.1. 13 sinθ + 0, 9828 = −3 Reduces to type1 equation
−3
sinθ + 0, 9828 =
13
−3
θ + 0, 9828 = sin −1   Negative is used to find the
13
quadrants.
ASTC rule 3rd quad or 4th quad
Reference angle:] θ + 0, 9828 = π + sin −1  3  or θ + 0, 9828 = 2π − sin −1  3

13 13
sin −1  3
 θ = π + sin −1  3
 − 0, 9828 or θ = 2π − sin −1  3
 − 0, 9828
13 13 13
θ = π + sin −1  3
 − 0, 9828 or θ = 2π − sin −1  3
 − 0, 9828
13 13
θ = 3. 14 + k. 2π or θ = 4, 32 + k. 2π